考研考博-英語-山東師范大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東師范大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

AbrahamLincolninsistedthat（

）notjustonmereopinionbutonmoralpurpose.

問題1選項

A.tobasedemocracy

B.democracybebased

C.fordemocracytobebasedon

D.wheneverdemocracyisbased

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。當句中謂語動詞為表示命令、建議、要求等詞匯時，從句謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可省略。故B項正確。句意：奧巴馬林肯堅稱民主不能僅僅建立在意念上，而應(yīng)該建立在道德目的上。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.

【答案】我們所遇到的幾乎所有重要問題都涉及到人的行為，而且僅靠物理技術(shù)和生物技術(shù)是無法解決這些問題的。我們所需要的是一種行為技術(shù)，但是可能產(chǎn)生這種技術(shù)的科學一直發(fā)展緩慢。難題之一在于所謂的行為科學幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。物理學和生物學一度模仿類似的做法并且只有當它們拋棄這些做法后才得到發(fā)展。行為科學之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

3.單選題

Theband______andwerebeginningtothrowtheirinstrumentdown.

問題1選項

A.brokedown

B.brokeoff

C.brokerank

D.brokeout

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項brokedown“（關(guān)系的）破裂”；B選項brokeoff“（折斷）脫落；突然停止”；C選項brokerank“打破等級”；D選項brokeout“爆發(fā)”。句意：樂隊鬧翻解體，開始扔掉樂器。根據(jù)語境，樂隊中的成員扔掉樂器，停止彈奏音樂，是因為成員之間關(guān)系破裂，A選項brokedown“（關(guān)系的）破裂”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

4.翻譯題

1.NaggingconcernsabouttheglobaleconomicdownturnandrisingunemploymentareforcingmanyyoungBritonstothinktwiceabouttyingtheknotthisyear,athink-tanksaidonSaturday.

Almost80percentofyoungBritishcoupleslivingtogetherwanttogetmarried,thethinktankCivitassaid,butwouldreconsidertheirweddingplansduetoincreasingjoblossesascompaniescutcostsandlayoffworkers.

2.“Astherecessionbitesit’sgoingtobeharderforpartnerstomakethatcommitment—withoutfinancialstabilityandjobstheywon’thavetheconfidencetosay‘Ido’,”thedirectoroffamilyandeducationatCivitas,said.

Thestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostThestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostimportantreasontogetmarried,andonlytwopercentconsideredmarriagefortaxadvantages.

“Ifmyboyfriendaskedmenow,thenIwouldstillsay‘yes’,butIwouldn’twastemymoneyforahigh-profilewedding,”JennyBrown,anemployeeworksinLondon’scentralfinancialdistrict.

ButDeWaalsaidtherecessionwouldhaveaseriousimpactonplanningalifetogether.

“Thisisnotaboutbeingabletoaffordafancyweddingdressfor10,000poundsornot.”

3.ABritishSocialAttitudessurveyinJanuaryfoundthatyoungpeopleshowedalesstraditionalattitudetowardsmarriageandwouldputtheircareersfirst.

About40percentofpeopleagedbetween18to34saidmarriagewasstillthe“bestkindofrelationship,”comparedwith84percentofpeopleaged65andover,itsaid.

【答案】1.英國一家智庫機構(gòu)上周六稱，對全球經(jīng)濟衰退的擔憂和不斷上升的失業(yè)率讓英國很多年輕人不得不重新考慮結(jié)婚計劃。

2.Civitas家庭和教育事務(wù)主管阿納斯塔西婭?德瓦爾說：“受經(jīng)濟衰退的影響，下決心結(jié)婚也將變得更加困難，沒有穩(wěn)定的收入和工作，人們沒有信心說‘我愿意’”。

3.今年1月開展的一項“英國社會態(tài)度”調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人對婚姻的態(tài)度已經(jīng)不那么傳統(tǒng)了，他們傾向于將職業(yè)發(fā)展放在首位。

5.單選題

Numerousstudiesshowthatthebenefitsoflearninganotherlanguageincludegreatermentalflexibility,creativity,divergentthinkingandhigher-orderthinkingskills.

問題1選項

A.different

B.specialized

C.convergent

D.independent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。divergent在句中是“分散的，不同的”，A選項different“不同的”；B選項specialized“專門的”；C選項convergent“匯聚的”；D選項independent“獨立的”。句意：大量研究表明，學習另一種語言的好處包括更大的思維靈活性、創(chuàng)造性、發(fā)散性思維和高階思維能力。因此A項符合句意。

6.單選題

（

）mylossesintradethisyear,yoursarenothing.

問題1選項

A.Comparingwith

B.Comparedwith

C.Tocomparewith

D.Comparewith

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語用法。句意：和我今年的損失比起來你，你的不算什么。這里因為沒有連詞不能連接兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選項D排除。主句的主語是yours（你的損失），這個主語不是人不能夠主動去做compare“比較”這個動作，所以要用被動語態(tài)，因此排除A、C，答案選B。

7.單選題

It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.

Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.

Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.

1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat（

）.

2.Whathaveresearchesin2010provedwhenitcomestoworkplace?

3.WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyconductedbyNewsweek?

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sworkingwomen?

5.Whatis“bimboeffect”accordingtothelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.beautifulpeopleperformbetterintheirjob

B.agoodimageisveryimportantinlandingajob

C.goodlooksensuresuccessinalmosteveryaspect

D.peopleshouldinvestmoneyandtimetobebetterlooking

問題2選項

A.itissuperficialtoattachimportancetophysicalappearance.

B.itiscommontoprefertheattractiveandhaveabiasagainsttheunattractive.

C.Itisthegeneralruletovaluebeautifullooksmorethanmerit.

D.Itislooksratherthanabilitythatplayacriticalrole.

問題3選項

A.Aperfectresumedoesnotmatterinhuntingajob.

B.Beautifulpeopletendtobemoreself-confident.

C.Beautyisanadvantageforanyonewithanyeducation.

D.Cosmeticsurgeryissuggestedtomakepeoplemorecompetitive.

問題4選項

A.Theyareenslavedbyridiculousbeautystandards.

B.Theymakeupafractionoftheworkplace.

C.Theyareconfinedtobetheroleofofficetoy.

D.Theyareunwillingtosubverttheirsexuality.

問題5選項

A.Theideathatwomenareatadisadvantageinworkplaces

B.Thebiasthatbeautifulwomenarefrivolousorvain.

C.Thenotionthatbeautifulwomenarenotintelligentorcompetent.

D.Theprejudicethatwomenshoulddojobsoflow-levelpositions

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“beautypremium”定位到第一段第二句“theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.漂亮的人，不管他們的志向是什么，幾乎在所有事情上都會做得更好?！边x項C符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)時間點“2010”定位倒第一段最后一句“Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.但在2010年，越來越多的研究表明，我們對相貌平平的偏見比以往任何時候都更加普遍。而在工作中，往往是外表而不是能力決定一切?！边x項A在文中沒有提及；選項C相對于選項B和D來說更加準確，因此本題選C。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Newsweek”定位到第二段第一句“《新聞周刊》調(diào)查了202名企業(yè)人事部經(jīng)理，從人力資源的員工到高級副總裁，以及964名公眾，只是為了確認不合格員工想要承認的事情：從招聘到辦公室爭斗再到晉升，實際上，看上去不錯不再是我們認為無價值的或者無用的而不予考慮?！边x項A和B在文中沒有提及；選項D明顯錯誤；所以只有選項C正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.今天的職業(yè)女性已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了“平等”：她們在勞動力中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢；她們是家庭的經(jīng)濟支柱；她們因為不得不顛覆性別而畏畏縮縮，不管是在會議室還是在海灘上?！币簿褪钦f，她們是不愿意顛覆自己的性別的。選項D符合原文。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.她們被認為太女性化、不夠聰明、不夠能干——不僅是男性，她們的女性同齡人也這么認為?！边x項C符合原文。

8.單選題

Humansareuniquelysmartamongalltheotherspeciesontheplanet.Wearecapableofoutstandingfeatsoftechnologyandengineering.Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?WhenPrimatePsychologistLaurieSantosformtheComparativeCognitionLabatYaleUniversityposedthisquestiontoherteam,theywerethinkinginparticularoftheerrorsofjudgmentwhichledtotherecentcollapseofthefinancialmarkets.Santoscametotwopossibleanswerstothisquestion.Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions.

Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys.Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn.However,theyarenotinfluencedbyanyofthetechnologicalorculturalenvironmentswhichaffecthumandecision-making.TheteamwantedtotestwhethertheCapuchinmonkeys,whenputintosimilarsituationsashumans,wouldmakethesamemistakes.

Ofparticularinteresttothescientistswaswhethermonkeyswouldmakethesamemistakeswhenmakingfinancialdecisions.Inordertofindout,theyhadtointroducethemoneystomoney.Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques,weresoonabletodistinguish“bargains”—Ifoneteam—memberofferedtwograpesinexchangeforametaldiscandanotherteam-memberofferedonegrape,themonkeyschosethetwo-grapeoption.Interestingly,whenthedateaboutthemonkey’spurchasingstrategieswascomparedwitheconomist’sdataonhumanbehaviour,therewasasperfectmatch.

So,afterestablishingthatthemonkeymarketwasoperatingeffectively,theteamdecidedtointroducesomeproblemswhichhumansgenerallygetwrong.Oneoftheseissuesisrisk-taking.Imaginethatsomeonegaveyou$1000.Inadditiontothis$1000,youcanreceiveeitherA）anadditional$500orB）someonetossesacoinandifitlands“heads”youreceiveanadditional$1000,butifitlands“tails”youreceivenomoremoney.Oftheseoptions,mostpeopletendtochooseoptionA.Theypreferguaranteedearnings,ratherthanrunningtheriskofreceivingnothing.Nowimagineasecondsituationinwhichyouaregiven$2000.Now,youcanchoosetoeitherA）lose$500,leavingyouwithatotalof$1500,orB）tossacoin;ifitland“heads”youlosenothing,butifitlands“tails”youlose$1000,leavingyouwithonly$1000.Interestingly,whenwestandtolosemoney,wetendtochoosethemoreriskychoice,optionB.Andasweknowfromtheexperienceoffinancialinvestorsandgamblers,itisunwisetotakeriskswhenweareonalosingstreak.

Sowouldthemonkeysmakethesamebasicerrorofjudgment?Theteamputthemtothetestbygivingthemsimilaroptions.Inthefirsttest,monkeyshadtheoptionofexchangingtheirdiscforonegrapeandreceivingonebonusgrape,orexchangingthegrapeforonegrapeandsometimesreceivingtwobonusgrapesandsometimesreceivingnobonus.Itturnedoutthatmonkeys,likehuman,chosethelessriskyoptionintimesofplenty.Thentheexperimentwasreversed.Monkeyswereofferedtheregrapes,butinoptionAwereonlyactuallygiventwograpes.InoptionB,theyhadafifty-fiftychanceofreceivingallthreegrapesoronegrapeonly.Theresultswerethatmonkeys,likehumans,takemorerisksintimesofloss.

Theimplicationsofthisexperimentarethatbecausemonkeysmakethesameirrationaljudgementsthathumansdo,maybehumanerrorisnotaresultofthecomplexityofourfinancialinstitutions,butisimbeddedinourevolutionaryhistory.Itthisisthecase,ourerrorsofjudgementwillbeverydifficulttoovercome.Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.Byrecognisingthem,wecandesigntechnologieswhichwillhelpustomakebetterchoicesinfuture.

1.Whatwastheaimoftheexperimentoutlinedabove?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthebestparaphraseofthehighlightedsentence?Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.

3.Thewords“cottonedon“areclosestinmeaningto（）.

4.Whichparagraphaddresseswhymoneyswerechosenfortheexperiment?

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLaurieSantos?

問題1選項

A.Toinvestigatewhethermonkeyscouldlearntousemoney.

B.Toinvestigatewherehumanmistakescomefrom.

C.Tofindoutwhetheritisbettertotakerisksintimesofloss.

D.Todeterminewhethermonkeysmakemoremistakesthanhumans.

問題2選項

A.Hopefully,humanswillsoonbeabletosolvetheseproblems.

B.Fortunately,humanscansolveproblemsthatweknowabout.

C.Luckily,humansdonothavemanylimitationswhichhavebeenidentified.

D.Wearehappytonotethatwecansolvetheproblemwhichwehaveidentified.

問題3選項

A.learnt

B.knew

C.completed

D.concluded

問題4選項

A.Paragraph2

B.Paragraph3

C.Paragraph4

D.Paragraph5

問題5選項

A.Shethinksthatbothhumansandmonkeysaregreedy.

B.Herjobfrequentlyinvolvesworkingwithmonkeys.

C.Shebelievesthathumansshouldnevertakerisks.

D.Sheprefersmonkeystohumans.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一、二段“Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?”為什么我們?nèi)绱巳菀追稿e誤？為什么我們會一次又一次地犯同樣的錯誤？“Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions”，要么是人類設(shè)計的環(huán)境過于復(fù)雜以至于我們無法完全理解，要么是我們在生理上容易做出錯誤的決定。第二段“Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys”，為了驗證這些理論，研究小組選擇了一組棕色卷尾猴來做實驗。由此可知，選項A“為了研究猴子是否能學會用錢”，選項C“為了弄清楚在有損失的時候冒險是否更好”，選項D“為了確定猴子是否比人類犯更多的錯誤”均與文章不符，因此B選項正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章最后一段“Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem”，然而，從更樂觀的角度來看，一旦我們確定了局限性，人類就完全有能力克服它們。由此可知，選項A“希望人類不久就能解決這些問題”，選項B“幸運的是，人類能夠解決我們所知道的問題”，選項D“我們很高興地注意到，我們可以解決我們所確定的問題”均與文章不符，因此C選項正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques”，猴子們很快就適應(yīng)了，并且也學會了簡單的交流技巧。由此可知，選項B“了解，知道”，選項C“完成”，選項D“包含”都與題干不符，因此A選項正確。

第4題:4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn”，猴子被選為測試對象，因為它們是人類的遠親，它們是聰明的，并且有學習的能力。由此可知，題干所表述的“哪一段提到為什么選擇猴子進行實驗?”應(yīng)為第二段，因此A選項正確。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可知，這題需要對整篇文章進行分析總結(jié)。文章講述為了查出人類為什么易于犯錯，以及易于犯同樣錯誤的原因，研究團隊找來了一群猴子做實驗，而實驗的結(jié)果表明，猴子也會做出與人類同樣的選擇，并且在做選擇時受到一定外部條件的限制。由此可知，選項A“她認為人類和猴子都是貪婪的”，選項B“她的工作經(jīng)常與猴子打交道”，選項D“與人類相比，她更喜歡猴子”文章均未提及，因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Frostbittenfingersandtoesshouldbetreatedwithlukewarmwater.

問題1選項

A.frigid

B.tepid

C.boiling

D.steamy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lukewarm意為“微溫的，溫和的，不熱情的”；frigid意為“寒冷的，嚴寒的”；tepid意為“不冷不熱的，微溫的，不熱情的”；boiling意為“熾熱的，沸騰的，激昂的”；steamy意為“蒸汽的，充滿水汽的”。

句意：凍傷的手指和腳趾應(yīng)該用溫水處理。

10.單選題

Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.

問題1選項

A.species

B.specimen

C.spectrum

D.sample

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項species“物種”；B選項specimen“樣品，標本”；C選項spectrum“光譜”；D選項sample“樣本”。句意：游客說這種動物是他以前從未見過的物種。選項A符合句意。

11.不定項選擇題

Inthepast,zooswerelittlemorethan“shelfdisplays”ofanimalsfromthewild.Todayzoos—atleastthebestofthem―trytorecreatethewildfortheanimals.Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.

PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.Boththestressofcaptivityandtheanimal’sneedforexerciseandmovementaretakenintoaccountbyenlightenedzoomanagement;enclosureshaveprivateareaswheretheanimalscanretreatfromtheviewofspectators,andplentyofroomisprovidedfortheanimalstoclimb,swingandroam.Inaddition,greateremphasisisbeingplacedonresearchandpreventivehealthcare.

Perhapstheareaofgreatestconcernforzoosnowiswildlifepreservation.Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.

Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.RatherthanrelyingonaNoah’sArkapproach(twoofeverything),manyzoosnowkeeplargerstocksofeachspeciesandloantheiranimalstoeachotherforbreedingpurposes.

Breedingwildanimalsincaptivityhasnotbeenaneasyundertaking.Findingtherightmateforananimalissometimesdifficult,andtherelativelyforeignenvironmentputsstressonanimalsinwaysthathaveyettobefullyexploredandunderstood.Zoosdoknowthatmaintainingananimal’shealthisacriticalfactorinbreeding.Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.Pregnantfemalesarecloselymonitored,andeveryprecautionistakentoensureasuccessfulbirth.

Zoosmaystillhavesomeproblemstosolve,buttheyhavecomealongway.Notonlyaretheyplacestoobserveandlearnaboutanimalsthatwemightotherwiseneversee,buttheymayalsobeamongthelastrefugesforcreatureswhosesurvivalisconstantlythreatened.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheenvironmentinagoodzoonow?

2.Whatmajorrolesaremodernzoosplaying?

3.Fromthezooproponents’argumentsfewlearnthat（

）.

4.Whatisofgreathelpinmultiplyinganimalspeciesaccordingtothepassage?

5.Zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicuresforanimalstoensure（

）.

問題1選項

A.Spaciousandcivilized

B.Roomyandnatural

C.Shadyandstony

D.Enlightenedandsafe

問題2選項

A.Entertainingandeducatingvisitors

B.Educatingandprotectingpeople

C.Educatingpeopleandkeepinganimalspeciesfromextinction

D.Breedinganimalsandlendingthemtoothers

問題3選項

A.civilizationshouldbeabandonedinordertosavewildanimals

B.zoosarethreateninganimalwithextinction

C.althoughzoosoncemadecontributiontosavinganimalsfromthedangerofextinction,nowtheydonotpreserveendangeredspecies

D.Whilesomepeoplethreatenwildanimalsbyhunting,zoosarenowprotectingthemfromthedangerofextinction

問題4選項

A.Toexchangeanimalsamongthezoos

B.Toputanimalsintolargercages

C.Tohuntanimalsfromwildpreserve

D.Tofeedanimalsincaptivitybeforesendingthembacktonature

問題5選項

A.goodhealth

B.thattheyaretallandstrong

C.thattheyarekeptintopcages

D.anidealenvironment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。題干：下列哪個選項可以描述一個好的動物園的環(huán)境。A選項“寬敞、文明”；B選項“寬敞、自然”；C選項“陰涼、多石”；D選項“富有啟迪性以及安全的”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句話Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.（小籠子讓位給寬敞的圍欄，里面的植物、巖石、樹木和水模擬了動物的自然環(huán)境）從這句可以看出答案選B；A選項文章沒有提及，所以不選；C選項定位到第二段第二句話，雖然有提到樹蔭和石頭但是不是本句重點也不能全部概括當代動物園的特點，這里屬于以偏概全，所以不選；D選項定位到第二段第一句PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和動物物種保護已經(jīng)成為美國較好的動物園的優(yōu)先事項。），沒有講到當代動物園的特點，這里屬于出處錯誤，所以D選項不能選。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。題干：現(xiàn)代動物園扮演什么重要的角色。A選項“娛樂和教育游客”；B選項“教育和保護人們”；C選項“教育人們，保護動物物種免于滅絕”；D選項“飼養(yǎng)動物，并把它們借給他人”。第二段第一句話PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和動物物種保護已經(jīng)成為美國較好的動物園的優(yōu)先事項）由此可知B選項錯誤，是保護動物而不是保護人類；C選項正確；A選項定位到第一段最后一句話Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.（照顧動物和吸引、娛樂游客一樣重要），這里講的是動物園想要達到的目的，而不是動物園在公眾面前所起到的作用，屬于出處錯誤，所以A選項不選；D選項定位到第四段第一、二句Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（雖然動物園仍然偶爾從世界各地進口野生動物放在籠子里，但他們正在越來越多地尋找其他動物園和圈養(yǎng)動物的來源，以獲得更多的動物。），這里不能回答題干所問的問題屬于出處錯誤。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干：從動物園支持者的觀點中，很少有人知道什么？A選項“為了拯救野生動物，文明應(yīng)該被拋棄”；B選項“動物園正威脅著動物的滅絕”；C選項“雖然動物園曾經(jīng)為拯救瀕臨滅絕的動物作出了貢獻，但現(xiàn)在它們不保護瀕危物種”；D選項“當一些人通過狩獵威脅野生動物時，動物園正在保護它們免于滅絕的危險”。定位到第三段第二句Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.（動物園的支持者認為，文明的入侵正在迅速摧毀野生動物僅存的自然棲息地），由這里可知支持者認為因為文明的入侵導致野生動物的棲息地減少從而威脅野生動物的生存，所以暗含著保護野生動物就應(yīng)該拋棄文明的意味，所以答案選A。

B選項定位到第三段最后一句Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.（盡管動物園曾經(jīng)不斷地在籠子里放養(yǎng)被捕獲的動物，造成了野生動物面臨滅絕的威脅，但它們現(xiàn)在重新定義了自己作為瀕危物種保護者的角色），從這里可知B選項錯誤。

C選項錯誤，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是保護者的角色就不會威脅動物的生存，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項定位到第三段第三句Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.（在一些國家，對毛皮、象牙和羽毛的捕獵十分盛行，這使動物進一步處于危險之中），從這里可知不是偷獵導致動物瀕危，而是偷獵進一步導致動物數(shù)量減少，所以不選。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。第一步，精準定位，定位到第四段第一句話theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（他們正在越來越多地關(guān)注其他動物園和圈養(yǎng)動物，以獲得更多的動物），所以選A選項“在動物園之間交換動物”；

B選項“把動物放進更大的籠子里”，根據(jù)46題雖然有提到給動物提供更大的空間但是這不能讓動物數(shù)量增加，這里屬于反向干擾，所以B選項錯誤；

C選項“從野生保護區(qū)獵捕動物”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

D選項“在將動物送回大自然之前給它們喂食”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

題干：根據(jù)文章，什么對動物物種的繁殖有很大的幫助？A選項“在動物園之間交換動物”。

第5題:事實細節(jié)題。第一步，精準定位，定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.（因此，動物園提供從牙科到足療的一切服務(wù)，以保持動物的最佳狀態(tài)），這里intopshape固定搭配“保持健康”的意思，答案選A；

B選項shape不是體態(tài)的意思，所以B選項錯誤；

C、D屬于出處錯誤，文中有提到籠子和生活環(huán)境這些不是動物園做動物身體護理的目的。

12.單選題

Atlastsheleftherhouseandhurriedtotheairportonly______theplaneflyingaway.

問題1選項

A.saw

B.seen

C.seeing

D.tosee

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：最后她離開了家，匆忙趕往機場，卻只看見飛機飛走了。only+現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）和only+不定式（短語）都可作結(jié)果狀語，跟現(xiàn)在分詞往往表示一種自然的合乎邏輯的結(jié)果，而跟不定式往往表示一種出乎意料的或令人失望的結(jié)果，僅限于少數(shù)終止性動詞，如find，hear，learn，make，see等。only到句尾部分是結(jié)果狀語，匆忙趕往機場卻未能如愿登機，是令人失望的結(jié)果，D選項tosee符合題意。A選項saw是一般過去時，作謂語動詞，不作非謂語動詞；B選項seen是過去分詞，不單獨使用；C選項onlyseeing表示合乎邏輯的結(jié)果，含有意料之中的意思，不存在失望的情況，不符合語境。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypersons,thataregatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,returntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightforthenationthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoexactashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspendtheirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,insteadofoutfacingthemwithaturnpike,Icanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruselessthing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefoodandairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.

1.Wemayinferthattheauthorprobablylivedinthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorprobablyfavors（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthatin