考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough（）forhisorganizingability.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scope

B.space

C.capacity

D.range

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scope“范圍；余地；視野”；B選項(xiàng)space“空間；太空”；C選項(xiàng)capacity“能力；容量；資格”；D選項(xiàng)range“范圍；幅度；山脈”。句意：約翰稱(chēng)他現(xiàn)在的工作沒(méi)有為自己的組織能力提供足夠的發(fā)展空間。根據(jù)句中“organizingability組織能力”可知“空間”符合語(yǔ)境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thepeoplestood___atthebeautifulpicture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.glaring

B.gazing

C.peeping

D.gasping

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glaring“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；B選項(xiàng)gazing“凝望，凝視”；C選項(xiàng)peeping“唧唧叫；窺探”；D選項(xiàng)gasping“喘氣；渴望”。句意：人們站在那里，___這幅美麗的畫(huà)。本句表達(dá)“凝視美麗的畫(huà)”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thecarenginemay（）aswegoupthehill.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinguish

B.stall

C.cease

D.start

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。extinguish“熄滅，壓制，消滅”；stall“熄火，拖延”；cease“停止，結(jié)束”；start“開(kāi)始”。句意：當(dāng)我們上山時(shí)，汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可能會(huì)熄火。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericansinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericans,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheoppositewhenlistening.Theyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.

ManyAfricanAmericanscommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.

InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters,non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericansinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildrenlackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.

Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.

Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians’intentionsandthefightbegan.

Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or“disses,”thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase“Idemandsatisfaction,”whichbecametheoverturetoaduel.Mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.

AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s“CityWalk”attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst“physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring...”

1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth（）.

2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto（）.

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause（）.

4.Mad-doggingrefersto（）.

5.Thearchaicphrase,“Idemandsatisfaction”（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication

B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact

C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.lookatthespeakerallthetime

B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically

C.lookawayfromthespeaker

D.stareatthespeaker

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly

B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers

C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters

D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground

B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters

C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect

D.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact

B.oftenledtoafight

C.wasasignofdisrespect

D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“AfricanAmericans,fromtheSouth”定位到第二段第二句“ManyAfricanAmericans,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.”這里的“custom”即上一句提到的“avoideyecontactasasignofrespect.”選項(xiàng)C與原文描述一致。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，白人在說(shuō)話時(shí)通常會(huì)把目光從聽(tīng)眾身上移開(kāi)，只是偶爾瞥一眼他們。他們?cè)诼?tīng)的時(shí)候卻恰恰相反，會(huì)一直看著說(shuō)話者。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第五段的第一句“InmulticulturalAmerica...non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.”可知，在美國(guó)非韓裔的顧客對(duì)韓國(guó)店主感到很生氣是因?yàn)榈曛鳑](méi)有直視他們，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.這里是考查“mad-dogging”的定義。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容，在年輕一代和跨種族之間，直接的目光接觸現(xiàn)在有了新的含義。當(dāng)一個(gè)青少年直視另一個(gè)青少年時(shí)，這被認(rèn)為是一種挑釁，有時(shí)也被稱(chēng)為“mad-dogging”。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文“Muchlikethearchaicphrase'Idemandsatisfaction,'whichbecametheoverturetoaduel.”“Idemandsatisfaction,”成為決斗的序曲。也就是說(shuō)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致?tīng)?zhēng)斗。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.單選題

Therearemanywaystorecycleusedmaterials,forexample,___rubberfromoldtires.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.detecting

B.declaring

C.reclaiming

D.requiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)detect“察覺(jué)；發(fā)現(xiàn)；探測(cè)”；B選項(xiàng)declare“宣布，聲明；斷言，宣稱(chēng)”；C選項(xiàng)reclaim“開(kāi)拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗議，喊叫”；D選項(xiàng)require“需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用過(guò)的材料，例如，從舊輪胎中回收橡膠。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployersandcouldpossiblyreversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries.

TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldallowauniontoberecognizedaftercollectingamajorityofvotecards,insteadofwaitingfortheNationalLaborRelationsBoardtooverseeasecretballotelection,whichcanoccurmorethan50daysafterthecardvoteiscompleted.

RepresentativesofbusinessonCapitolHillopposethebill.TheNationalAssociationofManufacturers,TheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,theU.S.ChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsopposetheshiftawayfromsecretballotssayingthechangecouldthreatentheprivacyoftheworkers.“Thisisn’taboutpreventingincreasedunionizationit’saboutprotectingrights,’’saidtheNationalAssociationofManufacturer’sJasonStraczewski,ofhisorganization’soppositiontobill.Straczewskisayseliminatingthesecret-ballotstepwouldopenupemployeestocoercion（強(qiáng)迫，脅迫）fromunions.

SamueloftheAFL-CIOcontendstherealcoercioncomesfromemployers.“Workerstalkingtoworkersareequalswhilemanagerstalkingtoworkersaren’t,”Samuelsaid.Hecitesthe31,358casesofillegalemployerdiscriminationactedonbytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardin2005.

Samuelalsopointsoutthatcountertoclaimsfromthebusinesslobby,thesecretballotwouldnotbeeliminated.Thechangewouldonlytakethecontrolofthetimingoftheelectionoutofthehandsoftheemployers.“Ontheground,thedifferencebetweenhavingthislegislationandnotwouldbethedifferencebetweennightandday,”saidRichardShawoftheHarrisCountyCentralLaborCouncil,whosaysitwouldhaveatremendousimpactonthelocallevel.

Thebillhasotherprovisions（條款，規(guī)定）aswell.TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldalsoimposebindingarbitration（仲裁）whenacompanyandanewlyformedunioncannotagreeonacontractafter3months.Anagreementworkedoutunderbindingcompulsoryarbitrationwouldbeineffectfor2years,afactthatStraczewskicalls,“borderlineunconstitutional.”“Idon’tseehowitwillbenefitemployeesifthey’relockedintoacontract,”saidStraczewski.

Thebill’sproponentspointtothetrendofrecognizedunionsunabletogetcontractsfromunwillingemployers.TheFederalMediationandConciliationService,theorganizationthatoverseesarbitration,reportedthatin2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers.Thebillwouldalsostrengthenthepenaltiesforcompaniesthatillegallycoerceorintimidateemployees.Asitstands,thelawonthebookshasn’tchangedsubstantiallysincetheNationalLaborRelationsActwasmadeintolawin1935.TheNLBRcanenforcenootherpenaltythanreinstatingwrongfullyfiredemployeesorrecoveringlostwages.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Accordingtoitsopponents,thebill（）.

3.Theword"it"（Line5,Para.5）refersto（）.

4.PeoplesupportthebillbecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT（）.

5.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Housebillaimstospurlaboruniongrowth.

B.Housebillaimstocounterlaboruniongrowth.

C.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstospuremployment.

D.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstoraiseemployee’sincome.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.willprotectemployees'rights

B.willbenefitworkersbybindingcontracts

C.willempowerunionstoomuch

D.makesitpossibleforemployeestoyieldtocoercionfromunions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thechange

B.thelegislation

C.theAFL-CIO

D.thedifference

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebillwillprobablyenableunionstohavefewermembersofprivateindustries

B.thebillwillallowauniontoberecognizedearlierandhaveagreateffectonthelocallevel

C.bindingarbitrationwillbeimposedtoprotectemployeesifacontractcan’tbeagreedonbetweenarecentlyestablishedunionandacompany

D.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.fewerprivateindustriesjoinedunionsinthepast

B.workers’coercionoftencomesfromunions

C.thebillwillbeawin-and-winoneforemployeesandemployers

D.punishmentauthorizedbythebillwillbelighter

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文首段表明眾議院將出臺(tái)新立法，seekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployers,是為了維護(hù)工會(huì)的權(quán)利，激發(fā)工會(huì)的發(fā)展。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞opponents定位到原文第三段第三句，opponents指的是JasonStraczewski。后面他說(shuō)道would?open?up?employees?to?coercion?(強(qiáng)迫：脅迫）from?unions,與選項(xiàng)D對(duì)應(yīng)。

3.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第五段第五行，who指代的是前句中RichardShaw，it指代前句中的legislation。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干說(shuō)下列哪項(xiàng)不是人們支持該法案的原因，文章首段couldreverse?decades?of?declining?membership?among?private?industries(立法有助于改善勞工與雇主之間的關(guān)系)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。最后一段提到in2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers(2004年，45%的新成立工會(huì)被雇主拒絕簽訂第一份合同)，因此答案為A。

7.單選題

Ican’tfindmygloves.Imusthave______themonthebuswhenIcamehomefromschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.left

B.lost

C.forgotten

D.missed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.left離開(kāi)，遺留B.lost失去

C.forgotten忘記D.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由前面句子的意思“我找不到手套了”，可知Imusthave______themonthebus表示的是“我把它們落在公交車(chē)上了”，left符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意；

B選項(xiàng)是指不知道忘在了哪里，排除。

【句意】我找不到手套了。我一定是放學(xué)回家時(shí)把它們落在公共汽車(chē)上了。

8.單選題

（

）nolossofenergybyfriction,themotionwouldcontinuedefinitelyonceitstarted.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therewere

B.Werethere

C.Therewas

D.Ifthereis

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果沒(méi)有由于摩擦而使能量喪失，運(yùn)動(dòng)將無(wú)限期地繼續(xù)下去。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句意推測(cè)此處屬于與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件句,故用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為were或動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，主句部分為would/should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形，故B正確。

9.翻譯題

在某種物理障礙物的后面，人們會(huì)感到安全。如果一種社會(huì)場(chǎng)景在某種方式上具有威脅性，那么就有必要設(shè)立這樣的一種障礙。當(dāng)一個(gè)小孩面對(duì)陌生人時(shí)，它會(huì)躲在母親的身后，然后偷偷地觀察闖入者下一少做什么。如果母親不在身邊，椅子或者其他的家具之類(lèi)的東西也可以，那么小孩面對(duì)陌生人的問(wèn)題就會(huì)得到解決。如果陌生人堅(jiān)持地向它靠近，那張窺探的面孔也會(huì)一起藏起來(lái)。如果這位不敏感的闖入者繼續(xù)靠近的話，雖然孩子已經(jīng)明顯表現(xiàn)出恐懼，那么小孩可能別無(wú)選擇地哭泣或逃跑。

這種模式隨著孩子的成熟，會(huì)逐漸地減少。但是在少女中，仍然可以發(fā)現(xiàn)他們咯咯笑的時(shí)候會(huì)用手或紙捂著面孔。在我們成年之后，童年時(shí)期的躲藏以及青少年時(shí)期的害羞在我們勇敢地見(jiàn)我們的客人、同伴、親戚、同事以及客戶的時(shí)候，就會(huì)全部地消失。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Behindsomekindofphysicalbarrier,peoplefeelsafe.Ifasocialscenarioisthreateninginsomeway,itisnecessarytoerectsuchabarrier.Whenachildfacesastranger,ithidesbehinditsmotherandsecretlywatcheswhattheintruderdoesnext.Ifthemotherisn'taround,achairorotherpieceoffurniturewilldo,andthechild'sproblemwithstrangerswillbesolved.Ifthestrangerpersistedinapproachingit,thepeepingfacewouldhidewithhim.Iftheinsensitiveintrudercontinuestoapproach,thechildmayhavenochoicebuttocryorrunaway,eventhoughfearisalreadyevident.

Thispatterndiminishesasthechildgrowsup.Butamongteenagegirls,theycanstillbefoundgigglingwiththeirhandsorpaperovertheirfaces.Afterwereachadulthood,thehidingofchildhoodandtheshynessofadolescencealldisappearwhenwebravelymeetourguests,companions,relatives,colleaguesandclients.

10.單選題

Youshouldn’tgotoworktoday,itisrainingsohard.（）youstillhaveatemperature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therefore

B.Nevertheless

C.Moreover

D.Despite

【答案】C

【解析】邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知，前后構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)中只有Moreover表示遞進(jìn)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

11.單選題

ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf’sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.

Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlywenthaywire(變得混亂)andtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactofthetechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.

Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasrevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.

Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmenttosupplementandreplacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.

1.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.

2.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.

4.Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”(Para.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject

B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell

C.isutilizedbyman

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind

D.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.一支長(zhǎng)矛或一個(gè)機(jī)器人只有在________的時(shí)候才具有科技的特質(zhì)。

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobjectA.被用作文化和物理對(duì)象

B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywellB.滿足不同目的

C.isutilizedbymanC.被人類(lèi)使用

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimalD.對(duì)人和動(dòng)物都有用

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞Aspearorarobot定位到第二段第一、二句，該處講到“一支長(zhǎng)矛或一個(gè)機(jī)器人（Aspearorarobot）既是物理對(duì)象，也是文化對(duì)象。在人類(lèi)使用長(zhǎng)矛狩獵或機(jī)器人制造機(jī)器部件之前（humansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts），它們都不過(guò)是一塊物體?！?，可知矛或機(jī)器人只有被人使用的時(shí)候才具有科技特性，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“被用作文化和物理對(duì)象”：由解題思路可知“一支長(zhǎng)矛或一個(gè)機(jī)器人（Aspearorarobot）既是物理對(duì)象，也是文化對(duì)象”，但是它們只有被人使用時(shí)才具有科技特性，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“滿足不同目的”：文中沒(méi)有提到其條件是滿足不同目的，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人和動(dòng)物都有用”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第四句“對(duì)于鳥(niǎo)（bird）來(lái)說(shuō)，找一個(gè)棲息的物體，矛或機(jī)器人也能起到同樣的作用（thepurposeequallywell）。”，它們除了對(duì)人類(lèi)有用，對(duì)動(dòng)物也是如此，但這不等同于有用就是具有科技特性，屬于偷換概念。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.作者引用的挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)和切爾諾貝利的例子說(shuō)明了________。

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworldA.如果不仔細(xì)研究，科技可能會(huì)被用來(lái)毀滅我們的世界

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforitB.科技是人類(lèi)創(chuàng)造的，所以我們要對(duì)它負(fù)責(zé)

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbymanC.如果不受人控制，科技通常會(huì)出錯(cuò)

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerrorD.作為人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造物，科技很容易出錯(cuò)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞ChallengerandChernobyl定位到第二段第五句，該處講到“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)（Challenger）航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利（Chernobyl）核事故充分說(shuō)明了科技的人性化”，結(jié)合該段第六句“既然科技是人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造物（humancreation），我們要對(duì)用它來(lái)做什么負(fù)責(zé)（responsible）。”，可知作者用這兩個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明人類(lèi)創(chuàng)造了科技，就要對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“如果不仔細(xì)研究，科技可能會(huì)被用來(lái)毀滅我們的世界”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第四句“悲觀主義者擔(dān)心（Pessimistsworry），我們最終會(huì)用我們的技術(shù)把我們的世界和我們自己炸成碎片?！?，以及該段最后一句“科技對(duì)我們生活的影響值得更仔細(xì)地研究（closerexamination）”，倒數(shù)第四句以悲觀者的擔(dān)心點(diǎn)出對(duì)科技負(fù)責(zé)的重要性，最后一句總結(jié)上文擔(dān)心科技造成危害以及帶來(lái)繁榮的不同觀點(diǎn)，而不是說(shuō)如果不仔細(xì)研究，科技就會(huì)毀滅世界，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“如果不受人操控，科技通常會(huì)出錯(cuò)”：文中沒(méi)有提到科技沒(méi)有人操控的時(shí)候經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“作為人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造物，科技很容易出錯(cuò)”：文中沒(méi)有提到科技很容易出錯(cuò)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.作者認(rèn)為，計(jì)算機(jī)的引入是一場(chǎng)革命，主要是因?yàn)開(kāi)_______。

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmindA.計(jì)算機(jī)徹底改變了人類(lèi)的思維方式

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebeforeB.計(jì)算機(jī)可以做以前只能由人做的工作

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnologyC.它已經(jīng)幫助人們轉(zhuǎn)向信息科技

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsocietyD.它對(duì)社會(huì)有巨大的潛在影響

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞revolution定位到第三段第一句，該處講到“沒(méi)有什么技術(shù)發(fā)展比計(jì)算機(jī)革命（computerrevolution）對(duì)我們生活的影響更大（greaterimpactonourlives）?！?；第三段倒數(shù)第二句“工業(yè)革命具有革命性的主要原因是它導(dǎo)致了巨大的社會(huì)變革（greatsocialchange）。”提到工業(yè)革命被視為革命的原因是極大地改變了社會(huì)；結(jié)合第四段第一句和最后一句“與此類(lèi)似（Insomewhatsimilarfashion），計(jì)算機(jī)有希望徹底改變（promisetorevolutionize）美國(guó)人的生活結(jié)構(gòu)……計(jì)算機(jī)解決問(wèn)題和做決定的能力代表了它最大的潛力（greatestpotential）”，作者把計(jì)算機(jī)革命和工業(yè)革命進(jìn)行類(lèi)比，表明計(jì)算機(jī)革命具有改變社會(huì)的巨大潛力，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)徹底改變了人類(lèi)的思維方式”：對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第一句“計(jì)算機(jī)解放了人類(lèi)的思維（freethehumanmind），在知識(shí)和交流方面開(kāi)辟了新的可能性?！保?jì)算機(jī)解放了人的思維，但沒(méi)有到徹底改變的程度，屬于推理過(guò)度；

B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)可以做以前只能由人做的工作”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第二句“科學(xué)家和工程師設(shè)計(jì)了專(zhuān)門(mén)的機(jī)器（machines），這些機(jī)器可以完成曾經(jīng)只有人類(lèi)可以完成的任務(wù)（tasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo）。”，這里指的是機(jī)器，而非計(jì)算機(jī)，屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“它已經(jīng)幫助人們轉(zhuǎn)向信息科技”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第三句“向信息經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)變（switchtoaninformation-basedeconomy）與其他重大歷史里程碑，尤其是工業(yè)革命，屬于同一陣營(yíng)?！?，這里轉(zhuǎn)向信息經(jīng)濟(jì)本身不是稱(chēng)為革命的原因，其原因是隨之而來(lái)的巨大影響，主次顛倒，屬于本末倒置。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”(Para.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology________.作者用的短語(yǔ)“科技的人性化特質(zhì)”（第二段）指的是科技________。

A.doesnotexistinthenaturalworldA.在自然界中不存在

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannatureB.具有人類(lèi)本性的一些特征

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmindC.可以代替人類(lèi)思想的某些方面

D.hasagreatimpactonhumanlifeD.對(duì)人類(lèi)生活有巨大影響

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.2和信息詞thehumanqualityoftechnology定位到第二段第五句，該處講到“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故充分說(shuō)明了科技的人性化（thehumanqualityoftechnology）”；該段第一句“我們最好提醒自己，科技是人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造；它不是自然存在的（notexistnaturally）?！?，這一句拋出論點(diǎn)，隨即用矛與機(jī)器、挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)與切爾諾貝利的例子佐證，證明科技由人創(chuàng)造，其人性化特質(zhì)說(shuō)明科技不是自然存在的，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“具有人性的一些特征”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第五句“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故充分說(shuō)明了科技的人性化（thehumanqualityoftechnology）；在這些案例中，規(guī)劃良好的系統(tǒng)突然失控（haywire），沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的人手使其恢復(fù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)（noreadyhandtosetthemright）?！?，這里的人性化特質(zhì)指的是需要由人操控，而不是科技具有人類(lèi)的本性，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“可以代替人類(lèi)思想的某些方面”：對(duì)應(yīng)文章倒數(shù)第二句“計(jì)算機(jī)通過(guò)電子手段取代了人類(lèi)思維的某些方面（replacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeings）”，這里是在說(shuō)明計(jì)算機(jī)的作用，而不是解釋題干中的短語(yǔ)意思，屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人類(lèi)生活有巨大影響”：本選項(xiàng)和題干中短語(yǔ)的意思無(wú)關(guān)，屬于偷換概念。

12.單選題

Theidealcompanionmachine-thecomputer-wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)-way（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthorisinhisattitudetowardthecomputer（

）.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality.

C.enjoyableinperformance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Artificialrelationships.

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships

C.Theaffectionatemachine

D.Humansandcomputers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:machinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(機(jī)器有一點(diǎn)不可預(yù)測(cè)),因此D項(xiàng)與原文不符。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(整個(gè)過(guò)程將以一種微妙的方式完成，以避免給人一種過(guò)于熟悉的印象，這可能會(huì)引起不安)。表明這種電腦與人類(lèi)建立關(guān)系的過(guò)程是'inasubtleway,故選D項(xiàng)(不顯眼的，不引人注意的)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown(它有時(shí)會(huì)主動(dòng)發(fā)展或改變?cè)掝}，并擁有自己的個(gè)性),可以看出A跟D項(xiàng)有提到,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(但當(dāng)它逐漸了解用戶時(shí)，它會(huì)發(fā)展成一種更輕松、更貼心的風(fēng)格),可以看出C項(xiàng)有提到。而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)(對(duì)早起的接觸很敏感)與"Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant"不符,故選B。

4.態(tài)度方向。形容這種電腦作者用到的詞匯有:comfortable、interesting等,不難看出作者對(duì)這種電腦的態(tài)度是"favorable"贊賞的。

5.主旨大意題。作者介紹了這種“仿真交際”電腦與人類(lèi)如何建立關(guān)系，并圍繞這種電腦的各項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)來(lái)介紹它是具有人情味、人性化的,因此C項(xiàng)作標(biāo)題最合適。

13.單選題

Theawardsaddedlustertotheauthor'sreputation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expression

B.distinction

C.passion

D.formality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。luster意為“光澤，光彩”；expression意為“表示，表達(dá)，表露”；distinction意為“區(qū)別，優(yōu)秀，榮譽(yù)”；passion意為“熱情，激情”；formality意為“禮節(jié)，形式”。

句意：這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)為作者的聲譽(yù)增添了光彩。

14.單選題

IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow（

）andextravagantarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fabulous

B.gracious

C.handsome

D.prominent

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。fabulous“難以置信的；極好的”；gracious“親切的；高尚的”；handsome“（男子）英俊的”；prominent“突出的，顯著的”。句意：我經(jīng)常吃中餐，但是我無(wú)法想象真正的中式宴會(huì)會(huì)有多么好，多么奢侈。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.翻譯題

1.Illnessbroughtherastrangerestlessnessandmadeherallthemoreeagertoclingtolifeandsqueezefromitthelastdropofhappiness.Itmadeherenvyhealth,butitalsomadehersentimentaloveraleafthatthewindhadblownintoherroom.

2.Cultureisthesystemofsharedbeliefs,values,customs,behaviors,andartifactsthatthemembersofsocietyusetocopewiththeirworldandwithoneanother,andthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning.

3.NooneinauthorityinWashingtonorTokyowillsaypubliclythatcurrentturmoilislikelytobre