考研考博-英語-安徽礦業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽礦業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一段提到我第一次在倫敦旅行時(shí)還是個(gè)學(xué)生。那時(shí)候依依不舍地離開媽媽的懷抱，還提著一個(gè)裝滿家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第2題:文章第一段提到盡管是在戰(zhàn)后艱苦的日子，我們依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象當(dāng)?shù)谝惶斓竭_(dá)倫敦寓所吃的食物的沮喪心情。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位至第三段。作者認(rèn)為旅店女老板的裝扮非常俗氣，而他的朋友亞瑟在那里待了三天后對倫敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都沒有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪華的接待區(qū)和破敗的休息室和餐廳以及閣樓水槽等，并說到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪華的外表下竟是破敗的內(nèi)在。因此D項(xiàng)“虛有其表”正確。

第4題:作者和他的朋友的房間并不比頂樓大多少，四周是斑駁的墻壁。有一個(gè)褪了色的水池，水管整夜響不停，擺放的幾件家具還比不上英國監(jiān)獄局的。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:文章倒數(shù)第一段提到日常的隱私和平靜可以保護(hù)我們不會墮落成瘋狂的兇手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一個(gè)人需要休息的場所和喘息的時(shí)間。所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Byadaptingtoyourmentalcondition,youcan（）moreinlesstime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complement

B.implement

C.compliment

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:complement“補(bǔ)足”；B:implement“實(shí)施”；C:;compliment“恭維”；D:accomplish“完成”。句意：通過調(diào)整你的心理狀態(tài)，你能在更短的時(shí)間里完成更多任務(wù)。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。

3.單選題

Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.carry

B.fetch

C.bring

D.reach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)carry“拿，運(yùn)送，攜帶”，指一般的搬運(yùn)，多指用人力；B選項(xiàng)fetch“（去）拿來，（去）請來”，指說話人離開說話處，去別處把某人或某物帶來；C選項(xiàng)bring“帶來，引來”，從別處拿某物到說話人處，由遠(yuǎn)及近；D選項(xiàng)reach“到達(dá)”。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的意思及句意可知選B。句意：當(dāng)她看到了烏云的時(shí)候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨傘。

4.單選題

Electricvehiclesarepotentialgamechangersintransportation,asectorwhich（

）largestshareofoilconsumption.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poses

B.assumes

C.represents

D.owes

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。pose意為“產(chǎn)生，提出，擺好姿勢”；assume意為“假定，認(rèn)為”；represent意為“代表”；owe意為“欠，歸功于，應(yīng)給予”。

句意：電動(dòng)汽車是交通運(yùn)輸中潛在的游戲變革者，是占石油消費(fèi)比重最大的部門。

5.單選題

Manygreatinventionsareinitiallygreetedwithridiculeanddisbelief.Theinventionoftheairplanewasnoexception.AlthoughmanypeoplewhoheardaboutthefirstpoweredflightonDecember17,1903wereexcitedandimpressed,othersreactedwithpealsoflaughter.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.Negativereactions,however,didnotstoptheWrights.Impelledbytheirdesiretosucceed,theycontinuedtheirexperimentsinaviation.

OrvilleandWilburWrighthadalwayshadacompellinginterestinaeronauticsandmechanics.Asyoungboystheyearnedmoneybymakingandsellingkitesandmechanicaltoys.Later,theydesignedanewspaper-foldingmachine,builtaprintingpress,andoperatedabicycle-repairshop.In1896,whentheyreadaboutthedeathofOttoLilienthal,thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.

Lilienthal,apioneerinhang-gliding,hadcontrolledhisglidersbyshiftinghisbodyinthedesireddirection.ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers,however,andtheysearchedformoreefficientmethodstocontrolthebalanceofairbornevehicles.In1990and1901,theWrightstestednumerousglidersanddevelopedcontroltechniques.Thebrothers’inabilitytoobtainenoughliftpowerfortheglidersalmostledthemtoabandontheirefforts.

Afterfurtherstudy,theWrightbrothersconcludedthatthepublishedtablesofairpressureoncurvedsurfacesmustbewrong.Theysetupawindtunnelandbeganaseriesofexperimentswithmodelwings.Becauseoftheirefforts,theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.Thiswork,inturn,madeitpossibleforthebrotherstodesignamachinethatwouldfly.In1903theWrightsbuilttheirfirstairplane,whichcostlessthan$1,000.

Theyevendesignedandbuilttheirownsourceofpropulsion―alightweightgasolineengine.WhentheystartedtheengineonDecember17,theairplanepulsatedwildlybeforetakingoff.Theplanemanagedtostayaloftfor12seconds,however,anditflew120feet.

By1905,theWrightshadperfectedthefirstairplanethatcouldturn,circle,andremainairborneforhalfanhouratatime.Othershadflowninballoonsandhanggliders,buttheWrightbrotherswerethefirsttobuildafull-sizemachinethatcouldflyunderitsownpower.Asthecontributorsofoneofthemostoutstandingengineeringachievementsinhistory,theWrightbrothersareaccuratelycalledthefathersofaviation.

1.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwas（

）tosomepeople.

2.SomepeoplethoughtthattheWrightbrothershad（

）.

3.TheWrights’interestinflightgrewintoa（

）.

4.Lilienthal’sideaaboutcontrollingairbornevehicleswas

（

）

theWrights.

5.Theoldtableswere（

）andreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boring

B.distasteful

C.exciting

D.needless

E.answernotavailable

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.actedwithoutthinking

B.beennegativelyinfluenced

C.beentoocautious

D.beenmistaken

E.actedinanegativeway

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.financialempire

B.plan

C.needtoact

D.foolishthought

E.answernotavailable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.provenwrongby

B.oppositetotheideasof

C.dislikedby

D.acceptedby

E.improvedby

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.destroyed

B.invalidated

C.multiplied

D.approved

E.notused

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.”可知駕駛飛機(jī)的想法令一些人反感。因此B選項(xiàng)“使人不愉快的，令人反感的”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“無聊的”；C選項(xiàng)“令人興奮的”；D選項(xiàng)“不必要的”：E選項(xiàng)“沒有答案”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.”這類人稱最早的飛機(jī)發(fā)明人萊特兄弟是沖動(dòng)的傻瓜，可知一些人認(rèn)為萊特兄弟做事沖動(dòng)，不經(jīng)思考，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.”萊特兄弟對飛行的興趣發(fā)展成一種強(qiáng)迫行為，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers”這種想法對萊特兄弟而言是令人反感的，可知這種想法不被萊特兄弟喜歡，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.”舊表被及時(shí)廢除，取而代之的是第一個(gè)可靠的曲面氣壓數(shù)據(jù)，因此B選項(xiàng)“使無效，失效”符合題意。

6.單選題

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitates

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)facilitates“促進(jìn)，幫助，使容易”；B選項(xiàng)initiates“開始，創(chuàng)始，發(fā)起，倡議”；C選項(xiàng)inhibits“抑制，約束”；D選項(xiàng)purifies“凈化，使純凈”。根據(jù)句意‘暴露于低強(qiáng)度的伽馬電磁輻射下可以放緩食物中腐敗微生物的生長速度，正如以極為相同的方式，在巴氏滅菌法中，低熱會遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐敗作用。’C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢復(fù)，恢復(fù)成（某個(gè)樣子），及物動(dòng)詞，多用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)用外力來恢復(fù)原狀”。句意：我們真誠地希望你們不久就能恢復(fù)健康。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

8.單選題

Olderpeoplealwaysenjoythe___oftheirrelatives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.company

B.accompaniment

C.companion

D.compassion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)company“公司；陪伴；同伴（尤指為某一目的聚集起來的一群人）；連隊(duì)；演出團(tuán)；賓客”；B選項(xiàng)accompaniment“伴奏；伴隨物”；C選項(xiàng)companion“同伴（和你一起旅行或花很多時(shí)間和你在一起的人或動(dòng)物）；朋友；指南；手冊”；D選項(xiàng)compassion“同情；憐憫”。句意：上了年紀(jì)的人總是喜歡有親戚___。本句表達(dá)“年紀(jì)大的人喜歡有親戚陪伴”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.

13.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.

14.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.

15.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?作者支持下列哪一種說法？

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.A.國民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的可靠指標(biāo)。

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.B.人口增長將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅。

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.C.繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長。

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.D.自然資源的減少不利于人類的福祉。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】本題要求選擇作者會贊同的一項(xiàng)，那么就要選擇符合原文的表述。原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來越大的壓力，必然會不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity）”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為自然資源減少不利于繁榮。第4段最后一句提到“從這種角度來看，在這個(gè)背景下，增長對地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，“這個(gè)角度或背景”指的是第3段的內(nèi)容，其中有一點(diǎn)提到“如果這意味著為了外國投資者和少數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)睾献髡叩睦娑鴦儕Z他們土地上的礦產(chǎn)和樹木資源（strippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasures）”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為，為外國投資者和少數(shù)人利益而大量開采自然資源的發(fā)展是不利于增進(jìn)人民福祉的。綜上所述，作者應(yīng)該會贊同D選項(xiàng)“自然資源的減少不利于人類的福祉”的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“國民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的可靠指標(biāo)”，可定位到原文第1段第2句，該句提到“國民生產(chǎn)總值據(jù)說（supposedly）是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的一個(gè)指標(biāo)”，根據(jù)其中“supposedly”提示，作者并不肯定這個(gè)指標(biāo)可靠，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于過度推理；

B選項(xiàng)“人口增長將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅”，可定位到原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來越大的壓力，必然會不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity），特別是再加上人口增長的話（accompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation）?！庇纱丝芍摼涮岬浇?jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的兩個(gè)威脅：日益減少的自然資源和人口增長，其中前者的影響更大，人口增長并不是主要威脅。該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長”，同樣可定位到原文第1段第3句，由該句可知，“人口增長”是因，“繁榮衰落”是果，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，顛倒了因果。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.第2、3段暗示____。

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

A.經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴于持續(xù)的繁榮

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountriesB.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并沒有加劇第三世界國家的貧困

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountriesC.富裕國家的增長是以犧牲第三世界國家為代價(jià)的

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanismsD.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的各個(gè)階段不能被社會機(jī)制所取代或改變

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】本題需要掌握原文第2、3段的主旨大意。原文在第2段首句提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)“增長（growth）對經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行是必要的（isnecessary）”，然后舉第三世界國家的例子，在第2、3段提出了很多質(zhì)疑。在第2段提出“會不會是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，尤其是富裕國家的增長（thegrowthofthewealthiercountries），導(dǎo)致了（hascontributed）第三世界國家的貧困，而不是進(jìn)步（theimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries）？”第3段首句說“要弄清楚這是怎么回事（Toseehowthismightbethecase），我們必須著眼于這種增長對第三世界國家的影響”，緊接著詳細(xì)介紹了這些影響：機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品供出口，而不是供當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)（notforlocalconsumptionbutforexport）；為了外國資本的利益（thebenefitofforeigninvestors）剝削礦產(chǎn)和森林資源；沉重的外債（acrushingforeignindebtedness）等。綜上所述，這兩段表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是，在第三世界國家，有些經(jīng)濟(jì)增長完全是為了外國資本即富裕國家的利益，促進(jìn)了富裕國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，不僅沒有增加本國人民的福祉，反而導(dǎo)致了勞動(dòng)力資源的占用、自然資源的流失以及大量的外債。C選項(xiàng)“富裕國家的增長是以犧牲第三世界國家為代價(jià)的”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴于持續(xù)的繁榮”，是第2段首句提出的背景信息，是作者要反駁的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并沒有加劇第三世界國家的貧困”，與原文表述相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的各個(gè)階段不能被社會機(jī)制所取代或改變”，這兩段并沒有提及社會機(jī)制的問題，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.關(guān)于第三世界國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，作者實(shí)際上說的是____。

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromitA.這些國家的人民并沒有真正從中受益

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopmentB.投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossibleC.沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國家不可能進(jìn)一步增長

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintactD.這些國家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無損

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由第12題的解析可知，第三世界國家的發(fā)展實(shí)際上服務(wù)于外國投資商，而本國人民并未從中受益；并且第4段最后一句說到“這種增長對地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，由此可知，這種增加，對于第三世界的人民來說，不僅沒有受益反而有危害，A選項(xiàng)“這些國家的人民并沒有真正從中受益”是作者想表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展”，原文并沒有提到投資不足，而是這些投資都是為了外國投資者和少數(shù)人的利益，并不是為了大眾的福祉，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國家不可能進(jìn)一步增長”，原文雖然提到了沉重的債務(wù)，且這些借來的錢沒有用于國家的發(fā)展，但是作者是為了說明這種發(fā)展對第三世界國家沒有好處，并不是想說阻礙了發(fā)展。何況，經(jīng)濟(jì)并沒有發(fā)展，更不存在進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了。該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理；

D選項(xiàng)“這些國家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無損”，原文提到農(nóng)業(yè)，是為了說農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都用于出口了，并沒有說農(nóng)業(yè)不該機(jī)械化，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.作者似乎認(rèn)為繁榮____。

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowthA.只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長才能實(shí)現(xiàn)

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowthB.能在沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativityC.是對人類能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophesD.在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文在第1段就質(zhì)疑了繁榮與增長之間的關(guān)系，第一段最后一句提到“哪個(gè)是正確的（whichiscorrect）：增長意味著繁榮，沒有增長就意味著逆境，或者增長意味著逆境，沒有增長就意味著……什么？”由此可以推斷，作者不認(rèn)為繁榮與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長之間存在著必然的聯(lián)系。由第12題解析可知，作者在2-3段論述了“第三世界國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長就沒有給本國帶來繁榮”；第4段首句提到“這是一種過于簡單化的說法（anoversimplification），沒有一個(gè)國家是完全適用的，有的國家甚至完全不適用”，即“增長意味著繁榮”并不適用于所有國家；第5段首句提出疑問“我們需要增長來實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎（doweneedgrowthforprosperity）？”而作者的回答是“只有采用零增長才能提供答案（Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer）”。作者雖然沒有直接回答這個(gè)問題，但他給出的建議是試一試“零增長”，再結(jié)合作者前文中認(rèn)為增長并不意味著繁榮推斷，作者認(rèn)為繁榮在沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的情況下也有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。B選項(xiàng)“能在沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長才能實(shí)現(xiàn)”，表述錯(cuò)誤，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不一定能帶來繁榮；

C選項(xiàng)“是對人類能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)”，可定位到原文最后一段第2句，該句提到“現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)是令人難以置信的復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象，這是對人類組織能力的贊揚(yáng)?！痹闹傅氖恰敖?jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)雜性是對人類能力的贊揚(yáng)”，而非繁榮，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，可定位到原文最后一段最后一句，該句提到了“不采取行動(dòng)的話（thefailuretoactcouldmean），現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式可能會帶來威脅人類生存的環(huán)境災(zāi)難（environmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence）”，并不是說“繁榮在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.對于“我們需要增長才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”這個(gè)問題，作者的答案是____。

A.positiveA.肯定的

B.negativeB.否定的

C.vagueC.模糊的

D.inconclusiveD.不確定的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】由第14題解析可得，作者認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮不需要經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，即作者對“我們需要增長才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”的答案是B選項(xiàng)negative“否定的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。（C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)意義一致，可以先排除。）

10.單選題

Acrosstheboard,Americancollegesanduniversitiesarenotdoingaverygoodjobofpreparingtheirstudentsfortheworkplaceortheirpost-graduationlives.Thiswasmadeclearbytheworkoftwosociologists,RichardArumandJosipaRoksa.In2011,theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.

ArumandRoksaplacedtheblameforstudents’lackoflearningonawatered-downcollegecurriculumandloweredundergraduateworkstandards.Althoughgoingtocollegeissupposedtobeafull-timejob,studentsspent,onaverage,only12to14hoursaweekstudyingandmanywereskatingthroughtheirsemesterswithoutdoingasignificantamountofreadingandwriting.Studentswhotakemorechallengingclassesandspendmoretimestudyingdolearnmore.Buttheprioritiesofmanyundergraduatesarewithextracurricularactivities,playingsports,andpartyingandsocializing.

LauraHamilton,theauthorofastudyonparentswhopayforcollege,willargueinaforthcomingbookthatcollegeadministrationsareoverlyconcernedwiththesocialandathleticactivitiesoftheirstudents.InPayingfortheParty,Hamiltondescribeswhatshecallsthe“partypathway,”whicheasesmanystudentsthroughcollege,helpedalongbyvariousclubsthatsendstudentsintothepartysceneandahostofeasiermajors.Bysanctioningthiswatered-downversionofcollege,universitiesare“cateringtothesocialandeducationalneedsofwealthystudentsattheexpenseofothers”whowon’tenjoythefinancialbackingorsocialconnectionsofricherstudentsoncetheygraduate.

Thesestudentsneedtobuildskillsandknowledgeduringcollegeiftheyaretousetheirdegreesasastepping-stonetomiddle-classmobility.Butmoreprivilegedstudentsmustnotwastethisopportunityeither.Asrecentgraduatescantestify,thejobmarketisn’tkindtocandidateswhocan’tdemonstrategenuinecompetence,alongwithawell-cultivatedwillingnesstoworkhard.NoristheglobaleconomyforgivingofanAmericanworkforcewithincreasinglyweakliteracy,mathandscienceabilities.Collegegraduateswillstillfarbetterthanthosewithonlyahighschooleducation,ofcourse.Butauniversitydegreeunaccompaniedbyagaininknowledgeorskillsisanemptyachievementindeed.Forstudentswhohavebeencoastingthroughcollege,andforAmericanuniversitiesthathavebeendemandinglesswork,offeringmoreattractionsandcharginghighertuition,thepartymaysoonbeover.

11.WhatisArumandRoksa’sfindingabouthighereducationinAmerica?

12.Whatisresponsibleforthestudents’lackofhigher-levelskills?

13.WhatdoesLauraHamiltonsayaboutcollegeadministrations?

14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthesociallyandfinanciallyprivilegedstudents?

15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itaimsatstimulatingtheintellectualcuriosityofcollegestudents.

B.Itfailstopreparestudentstofacethechallengesofmoderntimes.

C.Ithasexperienceddramaticchangesinrecentyears.

D.Ithastriedhardtosatisfystudents’variousneeds.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thedilutedcollegecurriculum.

B.Theboringclassroomactivities.

C.Theabsenceofrigorousdiscipline.

D.Theoutdatededucationalapproach.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfailtogiveadequatehelptotheneedystudents.

B.Theytendtooffertoomanylesschallengingcourses.

C.Theyseemtobeoutoftouchwithsociety.

D.Theyprioritizenon-academicactivities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theytendtohaveasenseofsuperiorityovertheirpeers.

B.Theycanaffordtochooseeasiermajorsinordertoenjoythemselves.

C.Theyspendalotoftimebuildingstrongconnectionswithbusinesses.

D.Theycanclimbthesocialladderevenwithoutadegree.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Americanhighereducationhaslostitsglobalcompetitiveness.

B.PeopleshouldnotexpecttoomuchfromAmericanhighereducation.

C.ThecurrentsituationinAmericanhighereducationmaynotlastlong.

D.Itwilltakealongtimetochangethecurrenttrendinhighereducation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】11.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)一二句In2011theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.“