考研考博-英語-天津生物工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津生物工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題

Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreadit11ofabook,and,ifaparentcanproduce12intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.

Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulses.Toprovethe13,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhashad,14onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildren15dangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffear16thepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.

Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegrounds17theyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasies18fairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircase19sound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstick20coveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirl-friend.Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosamechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.

【答案】11.out

12.what

13.latter

14.and

15.being

16.into

17.that

18.in

19.were

20.or

【解析】11.考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：講故事總是比從書上讀故事好得多。readsth.out“讀出來”，這里it指的是astory。

12.考查賓語從句。句意：如果父母能在當(dāng)時(shí)和孩子個(gè)人的實(shí)際情況下寫出比印刷文本更好的東西，那就更好了。produce后面接賓語從句，賓語從句缺主語，引導(dǎo)詞what作賓語從句的主語。

13.考查連詞。這里承接上文theyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulses（童話故事通過嚇唬孩子或喚起孩子的施虐沖動(dòng)來傷害孩子），而后文是要證明childrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot（讀過童話故事的孩子比沒有讀過的孩子更容易犯下殘忍的罪行），所以這里是證明后者，用latter符合題意。

14.考查連詞用法。前面Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhas（每個(gè)孩子都有攻擊性、破壞性、虐待性的沖動(dòng)），后面onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction（總的來說，他們象征性的言語發(fā)泄被視為一種安全閥，而不是公開行動(dòng)的刺激），可知前后是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，用and符合題意。

15.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：至于恐懼，我認(rèn)為，確實(shí)有一些孩子被一些童話故事嚇壞的案例。根據(jù)children被terrified確定用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為be動(dòng)詞+done，根據(jù)介詞of確定用動(dòng)名詞形式，所以being符合題意。

16.考查動(dòng)詞短語。osth.“將……變成……”，根據(jù)語境，這里指將恐懼的痛苦轉(zhuǎn)化為面對(duì)和控制恐懼的快樂。

17.考查狀語從句。句意：也有人反對(duì)童話故事，理由是它們不是客觀真實(shí)的，巨人、女巫、雙頭龍、魔毯等等，根本不存在。onthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue是修飾whoobjecttofairystories的原因狀語從句，onthegroundsthat屬于邊際從屬連詞。

18.考查介詞用法。句意：應(yīng)該教孩子如何通過學(xué)習(xí)歷史和力學(xué)來適應(yīng)現(xiàn)實(shí)，而不是沉溺于童話故事中的幻想。這里指在童話故事中，infairytales符合題意。

19.考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果他們的說法合理，那么這個(gè)世界上應(yīng)該有很多瘋子。這里的虛擬語氣用來表示假設(shè)，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，從句結(jié)構(gòu)：If+主語+動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)（Be動(dòng)詞用were），were符合題意。

20.考查連詞用法。句意：如果他們的說法合理，那么這個(gè)世界上應(yīng)該有很多瘋子，他們?cè)噲D騎著掃帚從紐約飛到費(fèi)城，或者用親吻來覆蓋電話，以為那是他們被施了魔法的女友。根據(jù)語境，在這里or使句子通順。

2.單選題

Hefeltagreatsenseof（）afterhissuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fulfillment

B.fortification

C.innovation

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。fulfillment“履行，實(shí)行，滿足”；fortification“防御工事”；innovation“創(chuàng)新”；illumination“闡明”。句意：成功后他獲得了一種滿足感。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Itisnotforbiddentodreamofbuildingabetterworld,whichisbyandlargewhatthesocialsciencestrytohelpustodo.Howtomakecitiesmoreharmonious,reducecrimerates,improvewelfare,overcomeracism,increaseourwealth—thisisthestuffofsocialsciences.Thetroubleisthatthefindingsofsocialsciencesareoftendismissedasbeingtootheoretical,tooambitiousortoounpalatable.Themethodsofresearcharealsooftenattackedfortheirlackofrigor,andcriticsarequicktopointoutthatthepeoplewhomaketheimportantdecisionspaylittleattentiontowhatsocialscientistshavetosayanyway.Thiswouldchangeifthesocialsciencesmadethemselvesmorerelevantandreadyforthesocietyofthe21stcentury.

Socialsciencesbegantotakeshapeinthe19thcentury,butcameintotheirownatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,whenanumberofwell-establisheddisciplines,includingeconomics,sociology,politicalscience,historyandanthropologyreallymadetheirmark.Geographyandpsychologycouldbeaddedtothatlist.However,onlysociology,politicalscienceandeconomicshavesucceededinconsolidatingtheirpositioninthesocialsciencesmainstream.Theotherswerevirtuallyallmarginalized.Moreover,powerfulinstitutionalbarriersnowseparatethevariousdisciplines.

Hardlytherightatmosphereinwhichtogrowanddealwiththeharshcriticismwhichthesocialscienceshavecomeinforfrommanyquarters,includinggovernmentsandinternationalcommissions.Radicalmeasuresarenowbeingsuggestedtoturnthingsround,fromhowtoawarduniversitychairs,tosettingsyllabiandraisingfunds.

Theneedforde-compartmentalizingandstrikinganeworderintherelationshipbetweenthedisciplinesconcernsallofthesocialsciences,thoughperhapseconomicsmostofall.Onlyithasacquiredadominantpositioninmanagementandpublicaffairs.Somewouldsayithasfallenundertheswayof“unitarythinking”,withlittleroomfordebate,forexample,onthequestionofdebtreductionormonetarytightness.Moreover,manypeopledonotbelievethateconomicscienceformspartofsocialsciencesatall.Thisisasomewhatproblematicpositiontouphold,particularlyaseconomicdevelopmentsarelargelydeterminedbypolitical,socialandculturalfactors.Yet,economistsoftenhavedifficultyunderstandingortakingsuchfactorsintoaccount.Thishaslefteconomicsexposedtoattack,forexample,overitsprescriptionsfordevelopmentanditsanalysisofevents,suchasthecausesoftheAsiancrisis.Tomany,economicsreliestooheavilyonhypotheticalandsometimesunrealisticassumptions.

Cansocialsciencesbouncebackandassertthemselvesinthe21stcentury?Wewillprobablynotbeabletotellforafewdecades,sincethewaysinwhichsocietiesanalyzethemselvesdevelopveryslowly.Afterall,thesocialsciencesarerarelygiventosuddendiscoveriesandheadlinebreakthroughslikesomeothersciences.Whatismore,socialsciencesmaycontinuetofacethestoutresistanceofestablishedinstitutionsdefendingtheirownterritoryandopposinginnovationandchange.Coulditbethatsociety,whichbydefinitionseeksstability,hasanin-builtresistancetowardsindulginginanyformofself-analysis?Fewpeoplehaveanappetiteforhardtruth.Butperhapsintheinformationageandinthedematerializedeconomyoftheknowledgeworld,allthatcouldchange.Perhapssocietywilldiscoverapressingneedtoknowitselfmuchbetter,ifonlytosurvive.Socialscienceswillthenhaveadifferentstatus.

1.Thesocialsciencesarecriticizedfor____.

2.Theexpression“cameintotheirown”means____.

3.Theadviceoftheauthoristhatthesocialsciencesneedto____.

4.Amongthesocialsciences,economics,theauthormaintains____.

5.Thesocialscience,intheauthor’sopinion,____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirresearchmethodsandtheirresults

B.theirresearchmethods,theirresultsandtheirirrelevancy

C.theiremphasisonsocialissues

D.beingEmilydismissed

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tookascendancyoverotherdisciplines

B.becameimportantintheirownright

C.developedtheirownparticularsetofproblems

D.developedfromotherdisciplinesbutbranchedout

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.reducesegmentation

B.createanewstrength

C.reducethedebateaboutthesocialsciences

D.doalloftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldnotberegardedaspartofthesocialsciences

B.countenancesdebate

C.iscrucialforrationalandcomprehensivesolutions

D.isespeciallylimited

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.addressthehopesandfearsofhumans

B.oftenhavefindingsopposedtogovernmentorganizations

C.offerunpalatableadvice

D.maybedescribedbyalloftheabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thesocialsciencesarecriticizedfor____.社會(huì)科學(xué)因____而被批評(píng)。

A.theirresearchmethodsandtheirresultsA.它們的研究方法和研究結(jié)果

B.theirresearchmethods,theirresultsandtheirirrelevancyB.它們的研究方法、研究結(jié)果以及它們的不相干性

C.theiremphasisonsocialissuesC.它們對(duì)社會(huì)問題的強(qiáng)調(diào)

D.beingstronglydismissedD.完全不被理會(huì)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞arecriticizedfor定位到原文第一段。本段第三句提到“問題在于，社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)（thefindings）往往被認(rèn)為太理論化、太雄心勃勃或太令人不快而不予理會(huì)。”第四句提到“研究方法（Themethods）也經(jīng)常因?yàn)椴粔驀?yán)謹(jǐn)而受到攻擊?！钡谒?、五句提到“做出重要決定的人很少關(guān)注社會(huì)科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)。如果社會(huì)科學(xué)能讓自己更貼近21世紀(jì)的社會(huì)，并做好準(zhǔn)備，這種情況就會(huì)改變?！庇纱丝芍鐣?huì)科學(xué)常常因其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)、研究方法，以及不貼近社會(huì)實(shí)際而被批評(píng)。因此，B選項(xiàng)“它們的研究方法、研究結(jié)果以及它們的不相干性”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它們的研究方法和研究結(jié)果”，忽略了“不貼近社會(huì)實(shí)際”，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“它們對(duì)社會(huì)問題的強(qiáng)調(diào)”，原文雖然提到了社會(huì)問題是社會(huì)科學(xué)的研究內(nèi)容，但是這并不是社會(huì)科學(xué)被批評(píng)的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“完全不被理會(huì)”，原文雖然提到社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)常不被理會(huì)，但“不被理會(huì)”并不是社會(huì)科學(xué)被批評(píng)的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theexpression“cameintotheirown”means____.短語“cameintotheirown”的意思是____。

A.tookascendancyoverotherdisciplinesA.凌駕于其他學(xué)科之上

B.becameimportantintheirownrightB.自己本身變得很重要

C.developedtheirownparticularsetofproblemsC.形成了它們自己的一系列問題

D.developedfromotherdisciplinesbutbranchedoutD.從其他學(xué)科發(fā)展而來，但發(fā)展了分支

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞cameintotheirown定位到原文第二段第一句，該句提到“社會(huì)科學(xué)在19世紀(jì)初具規(guī)模，但在20世紀(jì)初才_(tái)___，當(dāng)時(shí)包括經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)、歷史學(xué)和人類學(xué)在內(nèi)的一些成熟學(xué)科真正取得了成就（reallymadetheirmark）?！庇纱丝芍鶕?jù)事情的發(fā)展邏輯，社會(huì)科學(xué)在19世紀(jì)初具規(guī)模之后，到20世紀(jì)真正發(fā)展起來。后文“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)、歷史學(xué)和人類學(xué)”這些都是社會(huì)科學(xué)，根據(jù)“真正取得了成就”可以推測，社會(huì)科學(xué)變得重要了，另外，cameintotheirown的本義是“成為它們自己”。因此，B選項(xiàng)“自己本身變得很重要”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“凌駕于其他學(xué)科之上”，原文并未將社會(huì)科學(xué)和其他學(xué)科進(jìn)行比較，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“形成了它們自己的一系列問題”，原文講的是社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)展，而不是“問題”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“從其他學(xué)科發(fā)展而來，但發(fā)展了分支”，原文提到的都是社會(huì)科學(xué)的內(nèi)容，沒有其他學(xué)科，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theadviceoftheauthoristhatthesocialsciencesneedto____.作者的建議是社會(huì)科學(xué)需要____。

A.reducesegmentationA.減少分割

B.createanewstrengthB.創(chuàng)造新的優(yōu)勢

C.reducethedebateaboutthesocialsciencesC.減少關(guān)于社會(huì)科學(xué)的爭論

D.doalloftheaboveD.以上都是

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Theadviceoftheauthor定位到原文第四段第一句，該句提到“打破學(xué)科間的分界，建立學(xué)科間關(guān)系的新秩序（de-compartmentalizingandstrikinganeworderintherelationshipbetweenthedisciplines）的需要關(guān)系到所有的社會(huì)科學(xué)”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為社會(huì)科學(xué)需要對(duì)體系內(nèi)的各個(gè)學(xué)科之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行整合并建立新的秩序，因此，A選項(xiàng)“減少分割”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造新的優(yōu)勢”，原文只是提到整合各個(gè)學(xué)科以創(chuàng)造新的秩序，并沒有說創(chuàng)造新的優(yōu)勢，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“減少關(guān)于社會(huì)科學(xué)的爭論”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”，B、C選項(xiàng)都不是。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Amongthesocialsciences,economics,theauthormaintains____.在社會(huì)科學(xué)中，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)____。

A.shouldnotberegardedaspartofthesocialsciencesA.不應(yīng)該被視為社會(huì)科學(xué)的一部分

B.countenancesdebateB.支持辯論

C.iscrucialforrationalandcomprehensivesolutionsC.對(duì)于理性和全面的解決方案至關(guān)重要

D.isespeciallylimitedD.非常有限

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞economics定位到原文第四段。本段第一句提到“打破學(xué)科間的分界，建立學(xué)科間關(guān)系新秩序的需要關(guān)系到所有的社會(huì)科學(xué)，盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)也許是其中最重要的（economicsmostofall）?！庇纱丝芍髡哒J(rèn)為社會(huì)科學(xué)中，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是最需要被整合并融入新秩序的。第四段第三句提到“有些人會(huì)說，它已經(jīng)受到‘統(tǒng)一思維’的影響，沒有多少辯論的空間，例如，在債務(wù)削減或貨幣緊縮的問題上?！?，根據(jù)文章的行文邏輯，作者是不支持該觀點(diǎn)的，即作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)也有可辯論的空間，B選項(xiàng)“支持辯論”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該被視為社會(huì)科學(xué)的一部分”，可定位到原文第四段第四、五句，這兩句提到“許多人（manypeople）根本不相信經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)是社會(huì)科學(xué)的一部分。堅(jiān)持這一立場多少有些問題?！庇纱丝芍?，該選項(xiàng)是許多人的觀點(diǎn)，而作者并不認(rèn)同這一觀點(diǎn)。因此，這并不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于理性而全面的解決方案至關(guān)重要”，原文并未提及理性而全面的解決方案，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“非常有限”，可定位到原文第四段第四、五句，在這兩句作者表達(dá)了不同意經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)不是社會(huì)科學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)椤敖?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展在很大程度上取決于政治、社會(huì)和文化因素”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究是非常廣泛的，不是有限的，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thesocialscience,intheauthor’sopinion,____.作者認(rèn)為社會(huì)科學(xué)____。

A.addressthehopesandfearsofhumansA.處理人類的希望和擔(dān)心的事

B.oftenhavefindingsopposedtogovernmentorganizationsB.經(jīng)常有與政府組織相反的發(fā)現(xiàn)

C.offerunpalatableadviceC.提出令人不快的建議

D.maybedescribedbyalloftheaboveD.以上都是

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】A選項(xiàng)“處理人類的希望和擔(dān)心的事”可定位到原文第一段第二句，該句提到“如何讓城市更和諧，降低犯罪率，改善福利，克服種族主義，增加財(cái)富——這是社會(huì)科學(xué)的內(nèi)容?！薄胺缸锖头N族主義”是人們擔(dān)心的事，“讓城市更和諧，改善福利，增加財(cái)富”是人類希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的事；B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常有與政府組織相反的發(fā)現(xiàn)”可定位到原文第五段第四句，該句提到“社會(huì)科學(xué)可能會(huì)繼續(xù)面臨現(xiàn)有組織的頑強(qiáng)抵抗（facethestoutresistanceofestablishedinstitutions），捍衛(wèi)自己的領(lǐng)域，反對(duì)創(chuàng)新和變化?！庇纱丝芍?，社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)容易受到現(xiàn)有社會(huì)組織的抵觸，據(jù)此推測，社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)可能與現(xiàn)有組織的利益相反。C選項(xiàng)“提出令人不快的建議”可定位到原文第一段第三句，該句提到“社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)往往被忽略，因?yàn)樘碚摶?、太不切?shí)際或者太令人不快（toounpalatable）?！庇纱丝芍鐣?huì)科學(xué)的有些發(fā)現(xiàn)是令人不快的。綜上所述，A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都符合原文，因此，D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”為最佳答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

4.單選題

Essentially,atheoryisanabstract,symbolicrepresentationof（）reality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatitisconceivedto

B.thatisconceived

C.whatisconceivedtobe

D.thatisconceivedof

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。句意：在本質(zhì)上,

理論是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的一種抽象和符號(hào)化的表達(dá)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語,

可以用what或that,

且that不可省略。選項(xiàng)A中主語重復(fù),

不正確；beconceivedtobe為固定搭配,

意為被認(rèn)為是...,

所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.單選題

Somepeoplecriticizefamilydoctorsfor（）toomanymedicinesforminorillnesses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prescribing

B.ordering

C.advising

D.delivering

【答案】A

【解析】prescribing規(guī)定,開藥；ordering訂購；advising建議；delivering發(fā)表,投遞。句意：有些人批評(píng)家庭醫(yī)生為小病開的藥過多。

6.單選題

Therelationofthesalestaxtotheproblemofsocialbalanceisadmirablydirect.Thecommunityisrichinprivatelyproducedgoods.Itispoorinpublicservices.Theobvioussolutionistotaxtheformertoprovidethelatter—bymakingprivategoodsmoreexpensive,Thepublicgoodsaremademoreabundant.Motionpictures,electronicequipment,andcigarettesaremademorecostlysothatschoolscanbemorehandsomelysupported.Wepaymoreforsoap,make-ups,andvacuumcleanersinorderthatwemayhavecleanercitiesandfeweroccasionstousethem.Wehavemoreexpensivecarsandgasolinesothatwemayhavehighwaysandstreetsonwhichtodrivethem.Foodbeingcomparativelycheapandabundant,wetaxitinordertohavebetterservicesandbetterhealthinwhichtoenjoyit.Thisstraightforwardsolutionhasthefurtheradvantagethatsalestaxationcanbeemployedwithfairefficiencybystatesandevenbycities.Itisintheservicesrenderedbythesegovernmentsthattheproblemofsocialbalanceisespeciallysevere.Theyieldofthesalestaxincreaseswithincreasingproduction.Aswantsareplannedforprivategoods,morebenefitsareprovidedforpublicuse.Thegeneralpropertytax,theprincipalalternativetothesalestax,isrigidandinflexible.Sinceitsratesmustordinarilyberaisedforadditionalservices,includingthosethatareassociatedwithincreasingincomeandproduct,theburdenofprovingneedisespeciallyheavy.Thistaxisapoorservantofsocialbalance.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Theword‘handsomely’(Line5)means（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thechiefadvantageofthesalestaxisthatit

（

）.

4.Thepropertytaxisnotregardedasanidealsolutiontosocialneedsbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthorofthispassageismostinterestedintellingusabout（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thepropertytaxisdifficulttocollect.

B.Thesalestaxcanbeeasilyincreased.

C.Thesalestaxhaslittleornosocialvalue.

D.Thecommunityhasabundantgoodsproducedbyprivateenterprises.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.skillfully

B.generously

C.earnestly

D.easily

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isadirectmeansofachievingsocialbalance

B.canbeimposedbycitiesandstates

C.islesseffectivethanthepropertytax

D.isapplicabletowideareas

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itmustbechangedbytheHouseofRepresentatives

B.itisnotstraightforwardasisthesalestax

C.itcanbeimposedbycitiesbutnotbystates

D.itsrisedependsonincreasingtheneedforadditionalservices

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecollectionofthepropertytax

B.therelationoftaxestotheproblemofsocialbalance

C.thebalanceofpublicandprivateconsumption

D.thesalestaxasasocialmeans

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文“Thegeneralpropertytaxisrigidandinflexible.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)原文“Theyieldofthesalestaxincreaseswithincreasingproduction.”可知選項(xiàng)B符合原文；根據(jù)原文第一句“Therelationofthesalestaxtotheproblemofsocialbalanceisadmirablydirect.”可知選項(xiàng)C不正確；根據(jù)原文第二句“Thecommunityisrichinprivatelyproducedgoods.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確，所以本題選C。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)原文“...—bymakingprivategoodsmoreexpensive,thepublicgoodsaremademoreabundant.Motionpictures,electronicequipment,andcigarettesaremademorecostlysothatschoolscanbemorehandsomelysupported.”可知后面是對(duì)前面的論據(jù)列舉的一個(gè)具體的例子。costly和expensive相對(duì)應(yīng)，所以handsomely和abundant相對(duì)應(yīng)。skillfully巧妙地,精巧地；generously慷慨地,大方地；earnestly認(rèn)真地，誠摯地；easily容易地,無疑地。只有選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文可知，這種直截了當(dāng)?shù)慕鉀Q方案還有一個(gè)更大的優(yōu)勢，那就是各州甚至城市都可以公平高效地征收銷售稅。正是在這些政府提供的服務(wù)中，社會(huì)平衡的問題特別嚴(yán)重。作者著重強(qiáng)調(diào)的是socialbalance，而不是政府的服務(wù)。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)二三句“Thegeneralpropertytax,theprincipalalternativetothesalestax,isrigidandinflexible.Sinceitsratesmustordinarilyberaisedforadditionalservices,...”可知選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意可知本文主要是講營業(yè)稅對(duì)社會(huì)平衡的作用和影響，所以選項(xiàng)D更符合原文。

7.單選題

Thecaptainperformshisdutieswithgreat_______andallthecrewbelievedthattheycangetoverthestorm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affection

B.suspicion

C.assurance

D.definition

【答案】C

【解析】affection喜愛,影響;suspicion懷疑;assurance確信,斷言,withassurance指有把握地,自信地;definition定義。句意：船長信心十足地履行著他的職責(zé)，所有的船員都相信他們能夠戰(zhàn)勝暴風(fēng)雨。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx,oncewidelyspokenontheisleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope'sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.

Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince14O4.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersofclub—Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales—abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.

TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspentItcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope-onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.

NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline,AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans"landofcompatriots,"istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,thenation’ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere—onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.

“UntilveryrecenttimemostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,”saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales'sannualculturalfestival.ThedisusedfactoryinfrontofusechoedtothesoundsofnewWelshbands.

"Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence,"Dyfancontinued.EquallycomfortableinhisWelshnessasinhismembershipintheEnglish-speaking,globalyouthcultureandthenewfederalEurope,Dyfan,liketherestofhisgeneration,isgrowingupwithasenseofpossibilityunimaginabletenyearsago.’’Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we'reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging."

1.Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeatto（

）.

2.Theword“centrifogal”inthesecondparagraphmesas

（

）.

3.WalesisdifferentfromScotlandinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleoftheresurgenceofWelshnationalidentity

（

）.

5.AccordingtoDyfanJoneswhathaschangedis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maintaintothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeatto

B.reducelegislativepowersofEngland.

C.createabetterstateofequalityamongthenations

D.grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheunion.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.separatist

B.conventional

C.feudal

D.political

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.people’sdesirefordevolution.

B.locals’turnoutforthevoting

C.powersofthelegislativebody.

D.statusofthenationallanguage.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Welshhaswitnessedarevivalasanationallanguage.

B.Poverty-relieffundshavecomefromtheEuropeanUnion.

C.AWelshnationalairlineiscurrentlyinoperation.

D.Thenationalsymbolhasbecomeafamiliarsight.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.people'smentality.

B.popculture.

C.town’sappearance.

D.possibilitiesforthepeople.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.devotion出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第三句TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom，該句提到為了恢復(fù)大不列顛各成員國之間的平衡而采取了權(quán)利下放，devolution是“權(quán)利下放”的意思。選項(xiàng)C提到的“創(chuàng)建一個(gè)更好的平等狀態(tài)”與“恢復(fù)各成員國間的平衡”意思相近，符合題意。

2.centrifugal出現(xiàn)在文章第二段最后一句abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion，可推測centrifugal應(yīng)與union意思相反，是威脅聯(lián)盟團(tuán)結(jié)的事物，選項(xiàng)A“分離主義”符合題意。

3.文章第三段第一句TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution提到威爾士人對(duì)權(quán)利下放熱情很低，但蘇格蘭人卻不一樣（WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelmingly…）由此可知選項(xiàng)A是兩者的區(qū)別，排除；第三段第二句WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent提到蘇格蘭以壓倒性的多數(shù)投票選舉會(huì)，而威爾士的投票人數(shù)低于了25%，選項(xiàng)B“投票選舉的出席人數(shù)”也是二者的區(qū)別，排除；第三段提到威爾士與蘇格蘭不同的地方之一是沒有立法權(quán)（Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws），選項(xiàng)C排除。因此，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty提到威爾士從歐盟得到近兩百萬美元解決貧困問題。但是這里主要是對(duì)威爾士情況的介紹，并非國家地位復(fù)興的例子，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章最后兩段提到DyfanJones的看法。他認(rèn)為威爾士人天生缺乏信心（Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence），接著提到了人們開始改變“Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we'reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging”，他們變得有信心。由此可知，威爾士人的心態(tài)發(fā)生了變化。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaytakequitesometimetorecover.

B.Itcanbefixedwithaminoroperation

C.Itislessseriousthansheexpected.

D.ItrequiresanotherX-raytext.

【答案】C

【解析】11.W:Neithermyunclenormyelbowisbroken.Notevenalittlebit.

M:Neitherofthem.They’rebothbruised,butnotbroken.Here’stheX-rayreports.

Q:Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman’sinjury?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：關(guān)于這位女士的傷勢我們能知道什么？由文中“Neithermyanklenormyelbowisbroken.（我的腳關(guān)節(jié)和肘關(guān)節(jié)都沒有斷）”和“They’rebothbruised,butnotbroken.（它們都只是擦傷，沒有斷）”，可知C選項(xiàng)“Itislessseriousthansheexpected.（不如她想象中嚴(yán)重）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“Itmaytakequitesometimetorecover.（恢復(fù)可能需要相當(dāng)長的一段時(shí)間）”B選項(xiàng)“Itcanbefixedwithaminoroperation.（只要做個(gè)小手術(shù)就可以治好）”D選項(xiàng)“ItrequiresanotherX-raytest.（關(guān)節(jié)需要再做X光檢查）”不符合原文。

10.單選題

Coolmusiciansdemandedrespect,andwhen（）didn’tblowup,but,likethepresident,responded（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attacked...stoically

B.attacking...stoic

C.attacked...stoic

D.attacking...stoically

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主語為coolmusicians，when后面的空格應(yīng)該是指當(dāng)音樂家受到攻擊時(shí)，所以主語musicians和動(dòng)詞attack之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用attacked過去分詞來修飾音樂家，故選項(xiàng)B和D可排除。又根據(jù)responded動(dòng)詞，可判斷第二空格應(yīng)填入副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，故選項(xiàng)B和C可排除。句意：冷酷的音樂家需要尊重，當(dāng)被攻擊時(shí)，當(dāng)他們受到的攻擊沒有爆發(fā)時(shí)，他們就像總統(tǒng)一樣，反應(yīng)冷靜。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

The（）ofolderpersonsisrelativelylowindevelopingcountries,butitisgrowingmuchfasterthanintheWest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addition

B.majority

C.percentage

D.statistic

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)addition“添加，增加物”；B選項(xiàng)majority“多數(shù)，成年”；C選項(xiàng)percentage“百分比”；D選項(xiàng)statistic“統(tǒng)計(jì)資料，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”。句意：發(fā)展中國家的老年人（）相對(duì)較低，但其增長速度卻比西方國家快得多。這里要表達(dá)的是“老年人的比例相對(duì)較低”這個(gè)意思，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

WhenthepeopleatthefrontdeskofthehotelneartheoilfiledheardthatmycolleagueandIwerefromChina,theyletuspayahigherpriceforourroomsthanlocalpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleatthefrontdesk

B.neartheoilfiled

C.letuspay

D.forourroomsthanlocalpeople

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】C

【解析】短語辨析。let改為make。letsb.do側(cè)重表示“允許做某事”,而句中側(cè)重表示"讓做某事，使做某事"。makesb.do使做某事。

13.單選題

Herhumorousremarksseemed（）,butwereinfactcarefullypreparedbeforehand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intentional

B.spontaneous

C.precise

D.crude

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intentional“故意的；蓄意的；策劃的”；B選項(xiàng)spontaneous“自發(fā)的；自然的”；C選項(xiàng)precise“精確的；明確的；嚴(yán)格的”；D選項(xiàng)crude“粗糙的；天然的，未加工的；粗魯?shù)摹?。句意：她的幽默的評(píng)論看起來好像很自然，但是實(shí)際上是事先認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備好的。but表轉(zhuǎn)折，前后形成對(duì)比。由后一句的“preparedbeforehand事先準(zhǔn)備的”可知“seemedspontaneous看起來很自然”符合句意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Willyouplease（）thisarticletoseeifthereisanymisprint?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lookup

B.goover

C.dwellon

D.workout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lookup“查閱，拜訪”；goover“復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)檢查”；dwellon“詳述，細(xì)想”；workout“解決，算出，鍛煉”。根據(jù)下半句的內(nèi)容“看看是否有打印錯(cuò)誤”，可知應(yīng)該是仔細(xì)檢查一下這篇文章，所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

15.單選題

TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir（

）destinationisRome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ultimate

B.prime

C.next

D.cardinal

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。ultimate“最終的”；prime“主要的，最好的”；next“其次的”；cardinal“主要的，基本的”。句意：他們要去倫敦，但他們最終的目的是羅馬。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Heknowslittleofmathematics,and（

）ofchemistry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evenmore

B.stillless

C.noless

D.stillmore

【答案】B

【解析】語義題。句意:他對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)知之甚少，對(duì)化學(xué)知道的就更少了。

evenmore:更多地，更加;stillless:更不用說，更何況;noless:仍然，不相上下;stillmore:更多。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.單選題

Inspiteoftheattractions,Guidehasnotadoptedthisuniformapproach,mainlybecauseunifyingratherdifferenttypesofobjectsdoesnot（

）simplicity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makefor

B.makeup

C.makeoff

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。makefor“有助于；造就”；makeup“構(gòu)成；編造”；makeoff“匆忙離開”；makeout“理解；辨認(rèn)”。句意：...原因在于將不同類型的對(duì)象統(tǒng)一起來并不能夠有助于簡化。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

18.單選題

Noneofusknowsthenameofthat（

）insect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.funnylittlered

B.redlittlefunny

C.littlefunnyred

D.redfunnylittle

【答案】A

【解析】多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~（數(shù)量）；外觀；形狀（大小，高矮，肥瘦），年齡，顏色，國籍，材料，用途。所以只有選