考研考博-英語-天津師范大學(xué)津沽學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津師范大學(xué)津沽學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Hewastakentothehugemedievalfortressattheharbour’smouth.Hefoundprisonlifefairlyendurable.Hiscellwasdampanddark,andthefoodwasbadandinsufficient;buthissistersoonobtainedpermissiontosendhimallthenecessariesoflifefromhome.HewaskeptinsolitaryconfinementandfailedtoobtainanyexplanationofthecauseofhisarrestNeverthelessthetranquilframeofmindinwhichhehadenteredthefortressdidnotchange.Notbeingallowedbooks,hespenthistimeinprayeranddevoutmeditation,andwaitedwithoutimpatienceforthefurthercourseofevents.

【答案】他被帶進(jìn)港口那個巨大的中世紀(jì)城堡里。他覺得監(jiān)獄生活相當(dāng)難過。他的牢房既潮濕又黑暗，食物很難吃而且吃不飽；但是他姐姐很快就獲準(zhǔn)從家里給他送來了所有的生活必需品。他被單獨(dú)關(guān)押，而且沒能查明逮捕他的原因。然而，他進(jìn)入城堡時那種平靜的心境并沒有改變。由于不允許看書，他就通過祈禱和沉思度日，耐心等待事件的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。

2.單選題

Aweathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.Asuccessionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts;todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thus,amostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealasynopticpictureofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventime.

Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletointerpretaweathermapaccurately.Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-day“outlook”whichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms.

Considerableeffortisbeingexertedtodaytoachievemoreaccurateweatherpredictions.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations.Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies.

1.OnecharacteristicofweathermapsNOTmentionedbytheauthorinthispassageis（

）.

2.The30-dayforecastisdeterminedbyexamining

（

）.

3.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecauseit

（

）.

4.Atthepresenttime,experimentsarebeingconductedin（

）.

5.Aweathermapissynopticbecauseit（

）.

問題1選項

A.fronts

B.changesintemperature

C.frost

D.windspeed

問題2選項

A.dailyweathermaps

B.upperairlevels

C.satellitereports

D.changingfronts

問題3選項

A.ismodernandprofitableforthecompaniesinvolved

B.useselectronicinstrumentstomeasuretheweatheronadailybasis

C.enablesmantoeasilyaltertheweathertohisadvantageandprofit

D.givesthescientistsinformationnotobtainedreadilyotherwise

問題4選項

A.manipulatingweather

B.determiningdensityofpressuregroups

C.satellites

D.controllingstorms

問題5選項

A.summarizesagreatdealofinformation

B.appearsdaily

C.showschangingfronts

D.canbeinterpretedaccurately

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“以下選項中哪個沒在文章中被提到？”文章第一段提到“天氣預(yù)報員可以確定氣團(tuán)和氣鋒……”（Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts...）；文章第二段提到“美國國家氣象局通常發(fā)布有關(guān)即將到來的暴風(fēng)雨、洪水、霜凍、干旱和所有氣候情況的信息”（heUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral），由此可知，只有選項B沒有被提及，符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“30天的預(yù)報是由什么決定的？”文章第二段最后一句話提到“這三十天的天氣預(yù)報建立在對上層空氣分析的基礎(chǔ)上，而上層空氣經(jīng)常為氣團(tuán)、氣鋒和暴風(fēng)雨的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件”（These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms），由此可知選項B“上層空氣”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“衛(wèi)星來觀測天氣的優(yōu)勢是什么？”文章最后一段提到“通過電子儀器和地球衛(wèi)星，人們近年來在識別和跟蹤僅有少量氣象站的地區(qū)的暴風(fēng)雨方面取得了很大的收獲”（Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations），選項D“提供給科學(xué)家們在其他方面不容易獲得的信息”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“實(shí)驗(yàn)正在哪些方面操作？”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“大量實(shí)驗(yàn)正在為了氣象改造而被進(jìn)行著”（Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies），因此選項A“操縱天氣”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為什么說氣象圖是氣象學(xué)？”文章第二段提到“氣象圖包含著大量關(guān)于天氣情況的信息，這些天氣情況在觀察時間存在于一個大的地理區(qū)域上”（Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea），選項A“包含很多信息”符合題意。

3.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality;photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart:lateinthetwentiethcenturyanambivalentrelationexistsbecauseofthemodernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentrationonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPopduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalmodernistpaintingthatisabstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,CandinskyandMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart,photography,likePoppainting,andreassuresviewersthatartisnothard:photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinthesecondparagraph？(Thesentenceinitalics.)

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(inthethirdparagraph)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thenineteenth——centurydefendersofphotographymentionedinthepassagestressedthatphotographywas（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

6.Accordingtothepassage,certainseriouscontemporaryphotographersexpresslymakewhichofthefollowingclaimsabouttheirphotographs?

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）

問題1選項

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問題2選項

A.paradoxical

B.mechanical

C.superficial

D.dramatic

問題3選項

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideacontrasttoPopartistsandotherswhocreatedworksthatexemplifytheModernistheritageinart

問題4選項

A.ameansofmakingpeoplefamiliarwithremotelocalesandunfamiliarthings

B.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

C.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

D.anartcomparabletopainting

問題5選項

A.Thephotographers’beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrendersoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers’fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers’beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

問題6選項

A.Theirphotographscouldbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhohadacameraandthetimetodevotetotheactivity.

B.Theirphotographsarenotexamplesofartbutareexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld.

C.Theirphotographsareimportantbecauseoftheirsubjectsbutnotbecauseoftheresponsestheyevokeinviewers.

D.Theirphotographsexhibitthesameagelessprinciplesofformandshadingthathavebeenusedinpainting

問題7選項

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutnomeansanart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingalmsofart

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

【解析】1.文章主旨題。A選項‘界定現(xiàn)代主義者對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度‘、B選項’解釋攝影是如何作為美術(shù)出現(xiàn)的‘和D選項’界定當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅攝影家對待他們藝術(shù)所具有的各種觀點(diǎn)，并評定每種觀點(diǎn)的價值‘這三項只是文內(nèi)提到的某些方面，不是主要的。C選項’說明當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家對攝影作為藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并把他們這些態(tài)度放在歷史的進(jìn)程來觀察‘符合題意。

2.作者觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)文章第二段showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.顯示出他們對現(xiàn)代主義勝利強(qiáng)加給他們的藝術(shù)概念的想當(dāng)然程度:藝術(shù)越好，它對傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的顛覆性就越大。所以該題作者表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是矛盾的，A選項“矛盾的”符合題意。B“機(jī)械的”，C“膚淺的”和D“戲劇性的”與文章不符，排除。

3.語義理解題。作者列舉這樣藝術(shù)家的例子，他們像當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣拋棄了傳統(tǒng)的被接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目的。文章第三段第二句提到“例如,那些假設(shè)的攝影師,通過拍照,他們越來越遠(yuǎn)離以繪畫藝術(shù)的自命不凡提醒我們的抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家想象他們擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫的知識緊縮濃度的身體行為繪畫。”所以A選項‘提供一個藝術(shù)家的例子，他們像嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師一樣，否認(rèn)傳統(tǒng)上接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目標(biāo)‘正確。B、C、D選項與題意不相符，排除。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文中第一段最后一句‘Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.有人指責(zé)攝影是沒有靈魂的、機(jī)械地復(fù)制現(xiàn)實(shí)，攝影師們反駁說，攝影是一種特殊的觀看方式，是對普通視覺的反抗，和繪畫一樣有藝術(shù)價值?！_定D選項符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段末尾提到‘Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.那些重要攝影師不再愿意辯論是否或不是藝術(shù)攝影,除了宣稱自己的工作不涉及藝術(shù),顯示在多大程度上他們只是理所當(dāng)然的概念藝術(shù)由現(xiàn)代主義的勝利:藝術(shù)、越好越顛覆傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)。’確定D選項符合題意。

6.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。文章第二段第二句提到“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.嚴(yán)肅的攝影師們聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見證事件、探索自我——但絕不是在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品。”所以B選項‘他們的照片不是藝術(shù)的例子，而是攝影師公正地觀察世界的例子?！罘稀，B，C項文章沒有提及。

7.作者觀點(diǎn)題。B選項“一項只講究細(xì)致而不講究藝術(shù)的工藝”和C選項“復(fù)制現(xiàn)實(shí)的機(jī)械”與作者觀點(diǎn)相悖，排除，D項描述是現(xiàn)代攝影的現(xiàn)狀，排除。所以A選項正確。

4.單選題

Thispaintingperfectly（）theimpressionisticstyle,whichwassopopularatthetime.

問題1選項

A.examines

B.exemplifies

C.extracts

D.exempts

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析?！癳xamine檢查，調(diào)查”；exemplify“例證，例示”；extract“提取，摘錄”；exempt“免除，豁免”。句意：這幅畫完美地例證了在那個時期非常流行的印象派風(fēng)格。選項B更符合語境。

5.單選題

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.

Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductofserviceor,inotherwords,thatpriceisthemoneyvalueofaproductofserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepricesystemisrelatedprimarilyto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorinthecompleteunderstandingofprice?

4.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,“they”refersto（

）.

5.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusses（

）.

問題1選項

A.TheInherentWeaknessesofthePriceSystem

B.TheComplexitiesofthePriceSystem

C.CreditTermsinTransactions

D.ResourceAllocationandthePublicSector

問題2選項

A.laborandeducation

B.transportationandinsurance

C.utilitiesandrepairs

D.productsandservices

問題3選項

A.Instructionsthatcomewithaproduct

B.Thequantityofaproduct

C.Thequalityofaproduct

D.Warrantiesthatcoveraproduct

問題4選項

A.returnprivileges

B.allthefactors

C.buyerandseller

D.money

問題5選項

A.unusualwaystoadvertiseproducts

B.typesofpaymentplansforservice

C.theoriesabouthowproductsaffectdifferentlevelsofsociety

D.howcertainelementsofaprice"package”influenceitsmarketvalue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.美國的價格系統(tǒng)是非常復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng)，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中一切產(chǎn)品買賣的價格，也包括名目繁多的各種服務(wù)，如勞動力、專職交通、公共事業(yè)等服務(wù)的價格?！笨芍疚闹饕獌?nèi)容為美國的復(fù)雜價格體系。故B項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.任何一種特定產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的價格都與這個廣泛而復(fù)雜的價格系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系在一起，而且或多或少地受到系統(tǒng)中其他成分的制約?！笨芍獌r格與產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有關(guān)。故D項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.買方和賣方都應(yīng)該熟悉不僅金額,而且產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量或服務(wù)的交換,進(jìn)行交換和付款的時間和地點(diǎn),資金使用的形式,提供給交易的本信用證條款和折扣,產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的保證,交貨條件,返回特權(quán),和其他因素都要了解?！笨芍I賣雙方要了解的不僅僅是錢的數(shù)量，而且還有產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、時間和地點(diǎn)等。故A項“產(chǎn)品說明書”沒有提及。

4.推理判斷題。由本文最后一句“Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal"package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.換句話說，買方和賣方都應(yīng)該充分了解構(gòu)成交換的所有因素，以便他們可以評估一個給定的價格?！笨芍猼hey指代買方和賣方。故C項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一句“Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal‘package’beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.換句話說，買方和賣方都應(yīng)該充分了解構(gòu)成交換的所有因素，以便他們可以評估一個給定的價格?！笨芍挛目赡苡懻撚嘘P(guān)構(gòu)成買賣的各種因素。故D項正確。

6.單選題

Bigcitestodayareconfrontedwithveryseriousproblems.Transportisa（1）difficulty:someplannersbelievein（2）transportsystem;othersbelieveinmakingitpossibleforcitizenstomove（3）inprivatecars.Thereareseveralwaysof（4）apublictransportsystem.Sometimesitisbuiltundertheground,sometimesitisonthe（5）,andsometimesitisevenabovegroundlevel,（6）inpartsofNewYorkandmorecrimeandTokyoforexample.Inmostcases,ofcourse,itisa（7）ofsomeoralloftheseelements.

The（8）ofthecitycentershasalsobeenaprobleminthelast30years.Theheartsofmanycitieshavebecomepoorerandpoorer,（9）moreandmorecrimeandviolence,（10

）thepeoplewhocanaffordtohavemovedouttothe（11）.Thisistheoppositeofthesituation100yearsago,（12）wealthypeoplelivedinthecenter,andthepoorlived（13

）theoutskirtsofthecity.

Ecologicalproblemsalso（14）,asfactoriesandcarspollutetheair,treearecutdowntomake（15

）forurbanclearways,andcrowdedconditionscausegarbageto（16

）inthestreets.

Inordertosolvetheseproblems,someplannersbelieveweshouldlimitthesizeofourcities,perhapsbyrestrictingpopulation,orperhapsbyoffering（17）jobsintheprovinces.Othersbelievethatcitiescannotbelimitedinsizeandthattheproblemsmustbesolvedina（18）ofways—bycreatinggreenareas,building（19

）housesforeverybody,stoppingfactorypollution,（20

）motortransport,andsoon.

問題1選項

A.minor

B.major

C.little

D.small

問題2選項

A.mass

B.mess

C.massy

D.messy

問題3選項

A.outside

B.through

C.across

D.about

問題4選項

A.settingup

B.makingup

C.takingup

D.buildingup

問題5選項

A.field

B.earth

C.surface

D.soil

問題6選項

A.like

B.as

C.same

D.similar

問題7選項

A.cooperation

B.imitation

C.separation

D.combination

問題8選項

A.decrease

B.decline

C.reduction

D.release

問題9選項

A.or

B.being

C.with

D.against

問題10選項

A.while

B.though

C.because

D.even

問題11選項

A.suburbs

B.downtowns

C.countrysides

D.rural

問題12選項

A.where

B.what

C.when

D.why

問題13選項

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.by

問題14選項

A.arise

B.rise

C.arouse

D.raise

問題15選項

A.place

B.path

C.road

D.way

問題16選項

A.compose

B.present

C.accumulate

D.dispose

問題17選項

A.potential

B.attractive

C.competitive

D.secure

問題18選項

A.various

B.variable

C.variety

D.varying

問題19選項

A.decent

B.fundamental

C.delicate

D.eternal

問題20選項

A.developing

B.forbidding

C.reforming

D.eliminating

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.結(jié)合上下文：現(xiàn)在的大城市正面臨著許多嚴(yán)重的問題，而交通則是一個最主要的難題。選項B符合原文句意。

2.固定搭配。masstransportsystem指"公共交通體系"。本句意思：有些規(guī)劃者相信公共交通體系可以解決這一問題。

3.moveout?side"外遷";movethrough"跨過";moveacross"跨過";moveabout"走來走去"。根據(jù)句意：另外一些人相信公民可以駕駛私家汽車出行。

4.setup"建立";makeup"組成,編造";takeup"拿起,占據(jù)",buildup"增進(jìn),增強(qiáng)"。這里指建立公共交通系統(tǒng)，所以選項A正確。

5.結(jié)合上下文可知，這里指在地面上。onthefield"在操場上,在田野上";ontheearth"在地面上"；onthesurface"在表面上,在外表上",onthesoil"在土壤上"。所以選項B符合原文。

6.根據(jù)原文句意可知，這里是以紐約和東京的部分地區(qū)為例。下文的forexample決定了這里只能填入as，其他選項均不正確。

7.根據(jù)句意：大多數(shù)情況下，它們是所有這些元素的結(jié)合。所以選項D正確。combinationof"是...的結(jié)合",cooperation一般與with搭配，指"與...合作"。

8.根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)該指城市中心的衰退，只有選項B符合，其他選項不用來修飾citycenters。

9.這里是一個插入語，所以用with表伴隨。選項C正確。句意:許多市中心變得越來越貧窮,犯罪事件和暴力行為也越來越多。

10.根據(jù)填空處后面的thepeoplewhocanafford可推測，這里應(yīng)填入while表示兩種情況形成對比。

11.根據(jù)句意可推測，這里應(yīng)該選擇一個和"市中心"相對的詞語。suburb"郊區(qū)";down?town"市區(qū)";countryside和rural均指"鄉(xiāng)下;農(nóng)村"。所以選項A更恰當(dāng)。

12.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意判斷,這里應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)時間狀語的關(guān)系副詞when，所以選項C正確。

13.固定搭配。ontheoutskirtsof為固定搭配，指"在郊區(qū)"。

14.形近詞辨析。arise"產(chǎn)生";rise"升髙,上升;站起來,起床";arouse"喚醒",通常接意識,覺悟等詞;raise"提起,舉起,撫養(yǎng)"。根據(jù)句意：生態(tài)問題也隨之產(chǎn)生。選項A符合句意。

15.固定搭配。makewayforsth.表示"給...讓路"。

16.根據(jù)句意,這里指垃圾在街道上聚集。accumulate"增加,聚集";compose"組成,構(gòu)成";present"出現(xiàn),出席";dispose"處理,處置"。選項C符合句意。

17.potential"潛在的";attractive"有吸引力的";competitive"有競爭力的";secure"牢固的,可靠的"。句意：為了解決這些問題，一些規(guī)劃者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該限制城市的規(guī)模，比如限制人口，在地方提供有吸引力的工作。選項B符合原文。

18.avarietyof"許多的"為固定搭配；various"多樣的",前面不接不定冠詞"a";variable"易變的,多變的";varying"變化的"。句意:另外一些人認(rèn)為城市規(guī)模不能縮小,問題應(yīng)該用多種方法來解決。

19.形容詞辨析。decent"合乎禮儀的;像樣的;體面的";fundamental"基本的,重要的,必要的";delicate"纖弱的;瘦弱的";eternal"永久的"。這里指給每個人建造像樣的房屋，所以選項A符合原文。

20.選項B首先排除,文章需要一個動名詞,而不是一個形容詞,選項A和C意思不符,所以也排除,只有選項D正確。

7.單選題

Thatwasreallyadespicableactofterrorismandcowardlyattacksoninnocentciviliansbyholdingchildrenhostage.

問題1選項

A.honorable

B.contemptible

C.notable

D.recommendable

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項honorable“可敬的；高貴的”；B選項contemptible“可鄙的；卑劣的”；C選項notable“值得注意的，顯著的；著名的；重要的”；D選項recommendable“可推薦的；值得推薦的”。句意：這是一種____恐怖主義行為，是將兒童作為人質(zhì)對無辜平民進(jìn)行懦弱的襲擊。根據(jù)句意，該形容詞修飾的是恐怖主義的行為，其情感基調(diào)應(yīng)該是貶義的，只有B選項符合語境，原文despicable“卑劣的；可鄙的”。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

8.填空題

Directions:Inthispartyouwillreadapassageandasummaryofit.Thenfillinthespacesinthesummarywithamaximumofthreewordsfromthepassage.WriteyouranswersOntheAnswerSheet.

ToughSensorCanTaketheHeatAnewgassensormadefromanickel’sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater,accordingtoitsinventorsatArgonneNationalLaboratoryinIllinois.Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.

Conventionalsiliconsensorsdonotworkwellattemperaturesabove150°F.ButArgonne’snewsensor,madeofceramicsandmetals,isnotaffectedbyhightemperatures.“Thematerialsinthissensorbehavewellthroughawiderangeoftemperatures.”saysMichaelVogt,acontrolsystemsengineeratArgonne.

Vogtandhiscolleaguesmadethesensorbyfilm-screeninglayersofceramicandmetalonaceramicsubstrate—thenfiringthesensorinanindustrialovenatmorethanl000°C.TheArgonneresearcherssetouttobuildasensorthatwoulddetectoverheatingcomputercomponents.Beforeanoverheatingcomponentfails,andpossiblyignites,epoxyinthecircuitboardsreleasesagas.TheArgonnesensorcandetectthisvaporandcutoffpowertothecircuit.

Thedevicesensesgasesbyapplyingasteadilyincreasingvoltageacrossitselectricalleadsandmonitoringcurrentspikesinducedasgasesreactonthesensor’ssurface.Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage,andthesizeofthecurrentspikeindicatesthe“signature”ofseveralrepresentativeorganicsolvents.

Thesensorcouldbeusedtomonitorhydrocarbonemissionsfromcars;today’stypicalsensorsonlymeasureoxygen.Thesensorcouldalsomonitorgasesinindustrialchemicalprocesses.

Summaryofthepassage:

Anewsensormadeofceramicsandmetalscanendurecorrosion,vibrations,exposuretowater,and66__,whilenotaffectedby67__.Aseachgasreactsata68__,thedeviceappliesasteadilyincreasingvoltageandmonitorscurrentspikesinduced.69ofwhichindicatestheconcentrationofthegases.Conventionalsensorsontheotherhand,donotworkwellattemperaturesabove150°Fandcouldbeusedonlyto70__.

【答案】66.detectgases

67.hightemperatures

68.characteristicvoltage

69.the“signature”

70.measureoxygen

【解析】66.文章開篇描述了Anewgassensormadefromanickel’sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater...Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.（一種由鎳含量的材料制成的新型氣體傳感器可以經(jīng)受高溫、腐蝕、振動和暴露在水里……這個微小的傳感器能探測到各種氣體），其他幾個在摘要提到了，所以這里需要寫的是偵察氣體。因此填detectgases。

67.文章開篇描述了Anewgassensormadefromanickel'sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater...Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.（一種由鎳含量的材料制成的新型氣體傳感器可以經(jīng)受高溫、腐蝕、振動和暴露在水里……這個微小的傳感器能探測到各種氣體），上一空已經(jīng)提到了偵察氣體，所以這一空應(yīng)該填入抗高溫，因?yàn)榍懊嬗蟹穸ㄔ~not，所以空格處填入hightemperatures。

68.根據(jù)第四段第二句話提到Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage（每種氣體在一個特征電壓下反應(yīng)）可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入characteristicvoltage。

69.根據(jù)第四段第二句話提到Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage,andthesizeofthecurrentspikeindicatesthe“signature”ofseveralrepresentativeorganicsolvents.（每種氣體在一個特征電壓下反應(yīng)，而脈沖的大小表明了幾種代表性有機(jī)溶劑的“特征”）可知，脈沖的不同特征暗示了不同氣體，所以空格處應(yīng)該填入the“signature”。

70.根據(jù)最后一段第一句today’stypicalsensorsonlymeasureoxygen（今天的典型傳感器只測量氧氣）可知，傳統(tǒng)的傳感器在150°F以上的溫度下不能很好地工作，只能用于測量氧氣；所以空格處應(yīng)該填入measureoxygen。

9.單選題

Whentheyoungmandiedunexpectedly,ittookhealthexpertsseveralweeksofintensivelabworktoidentifytheculprit.

問題1選項

A.curl

B.curve

C.cause

D.curse

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞culprit意為“犯人，罪犯；元兇”；A選項“curl”意為“卷曲；卷發(fā)；螺旋狀物”；B選項“curve”意為“曲線；彎曲；曲線球；曲線圖表”；C選項“cause”意為“原因；事業(yè)；目標(biāo)”；D選項“curse”意為“詛咒；咒罵；禍根”。句意：當(dāng)這個年輕人意外死亡時，健康專家花了幾個星期進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致的實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作來確定罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。由題干可知，theyoungmandiedunexpectedly（這個年輕人意外死亡了）所以健康專家肯定是要確定導(dǎo)致他死亡的原因，或者說元兇。由此可知，culprit在此處最可能是“元兇”的意思，四個選項中curse具有“禍根”的意思，與此相近。因此D選項符合題意。

10.翻譯題

2010年頭5個月，通用汽車公司在華銷量超過100萬輛，提前完成了當(dāng)年200萬輛目標(biāo)的一半。西門子計劃未來三年在華投資10億