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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門海洋職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題
Circustigers,althoughtheyhavebeentamed,can()attacktheirtrainer.
問題1選項
A.unexpectedly
B.deliberately
C.reluctantly
D.subsequently
【答案】A
【解析】詞義辨折題。Unexpectedly意外地,
出乎意料地;deliberately故意地,謹慎地;reluctantly不情愿地,嫌惡地;subsequently隨后,
后來。句意:盡管馬戲團里的老虎已經(jīng)被馴服,卻能出人意料地攻擊它們的馴獸師。選項A符合句意。
2.單選題
Atlastsheleftherhouseandhurriedtotheairportonly______theplaneflyingaway.
問題1選項
A.saw
B.seen
C.seeing
D.tosee
【答案】D
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:最后她離開了家,匆忙趕往機場,卻只看見飛機飛走了。only+現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)和only+不定式(短語)都可作結果狀語,跟現(xiàn)在分詞往往表示一種自然的合乎邏輯的結果,而跟不定式往往表示一種出乎意料的或令人失望的結果,僅限于少數(shù)終止性動詞,如find,hear,learn,make,see等。only到句尾部分是結果狀語,匆忙趕往機場卻未能如愿登機,是令人失望的結果,D選項tosee符合題意。A選項saw是一般過去時,作謂語動詞,不作非謂語動詞;B選項seen是過去分詞,不單獨使用;C選項onlyseeing表示合乎邏輯的結果,含有意料之中的意思,不存在失望的情況,不符合語境。因此D選項正確。
3.單選題
Thecarwasingoodworking()whenIboughtitafewmonthsago.
問題1選項
A.order
B.form
C.state
D.circumstance
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項order表示“條理,順序,命令”,B選項form表示“形態(tài),方式,外形,表格”,C選項state表示“狀態(tài),狀況”,D選項circumstance表示“情況,環(huán)境,經(jīng)濟狀況”。
由句意可知,我?guī)讉€月前買這輛車時候,它的運作狀態(tài)還是很好的。短語ingoodorder表示“性能良好”;而ingoodform表示“很健康、高興,狀態(tài)佳”,常用來形容人;其余選項則沒有這樣的搭配。因此,本題正確答案為A選項。
4.單選題
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?Whyisthecurrentpoliticsofwealthandpovertyseeminglyaboutwealthalone?Eightyearsago,whenBillClintonfirstranforpresident,theDowJonesaveragewasunder3,500,yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond,andnoonetalkedaboutthe“permanentboom”orthe“neweconomy”.Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof“notleavingasinglepersonbehind”.Itispossiblethatsimilar“compassionate”rhetoricmightyetplayaroleinthegeneralelection.
Butitisstrikinghowmuchlesstalkthereisaboutthepoorthantherewaseightyearsago,whenthecountrywaseconomicallyuncertain,orinpreviouseras,whenthecountyfeltflush.Evenlastsummer,whenClintonspentseveraldaysonaremarkabletourthroughimpoverishedareasfromIndianreservationsinSouthDakotatoghettoneighborhoodsinEastSt.Louis,theadministrationdecidedtorefertotheeffortnotasapovertytourbutasa“newmarketinitiative”.
Whatishappeningispartlyalogical,policy-drivenreaction.Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.Themostattractivesolutiontoit—agrowingeconomy—isbeingapplied.Thepeoplewhohavebeentotallyleftoutofthisboomoftenhavemedical,mentalorotherproblemsforwhichnoonehasanimmediatesolution.“Theeconomyhassuckedinanyonewhohasanypreparation,anyabilitytocopewithmodernlife,”saysFranklinD.Raines,theformerdirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudgetwhoisnowheadofFannieMac.Whenheandotherpeoplewhospecializeintheissuetalkaboutsolutions,theytalkanalyticallyandonalongtermbasis:education,developmentofworksill,shiftsinthelabormarket,andadjustmentsinwelfarereform.
ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.ItistheunusualsocialandimaginativeseparationbetweenprosperousAmericaandthosestillleftout.It’ssimpleinvisibilitybecauseofincreasinggeographic,occupational,andsocialbarriersthatblockonegroupfromtheother’sview.
26.Whatdoestheword“straitened”inthefirstparagraphmean?
27.Whatisoneimportantreasonwhywedonottalkmuchaboutpovertyaccordingtotheauthor?
28.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?
29.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?
30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
問題1選項
A.Straightforward
B.Wealthy
C.Distant
D.Difficult
問題2選項
A.Nooneknowswhattodoaboutit.
B.Noonehasbeenleftoutofthecurrentboom.
C.Povertyreallyislowerthaninthepast.
D.Thepresidentisnotconcernedaboutthepoor.
問題3選項
A.Therelationshipbetweentherichandthepoorhaschanged.
B.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontopoverty.
C.Thegoodeconomywillsoonend.
D.Allpeoplebenefitfromgoodeconomicconditions.
問題4選項
A.Toentertain.
B.Topersuade.
C.Totellastory.
D.Todescribe.
問題5選項
A.Weweremoreawareofthepoorinthepastthanwearetoday.
B.Thepoorarebenefitingfromtoday’sgoodeconomy.
C.Thecountryisenjoyingeconomicgrowth.
D.Thereweremanymorepoorpeoplethantherearetoday.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】26.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】語義推測題。由題干定位到文章第一段中的“yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond每年的聯(lián)邦預算赤字預計將永遠達到數(shù)千億美元,甚至更高”和“Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof‘notleavingasinglepersonbehind’.然而,在這段更緊張的時間里,克林頓強調(diào)了‘不讓一個人掉隊’的重要性。”可推知straitened有“貧困的,困難的”的意思,所以D項difficult“困難的”正確。A項“簡單的;坦率的”;B項“富有的”;C項“遙遠的;冷漠的”;D項“困難的”,因此D選項正確。
27.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。由題干定位到文章第三段中的第二句“Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.貧困率確實比過去幾十年都要低,尤其是對少數(shù)群體而言?!笨芍狢項“貧困率確實比過去低。”正確。A項“沒有人知道該怎么做。”;B項“沒有人被排除在當前的繁榮之外?!保籆項“貧困率確實比過去低?!?;D項“總統(tǒng)不關心窮人?!保虼薈選項正確。
28.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中的第一句“ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.但我認為,還有另一種力量,使這個時代成為一個窮人幾乎不見蹤影的富裕時代?!笨赏浦狝項“富人和窮人之間的關系發(fā)生了變化?!闭_,除A項之外的其他選項文中并未提及。A項“富人和窮人之間的關系發(fā)生了變化?!?;B項“我們應該更加關注貧困問題?!?;C項“良好的經(jīng)濟將很快結束?!?;D項“所有人都從良好的經(jīng)濟條件中受益?!?,因此A選項正確。
29.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】作者意圖題。結合全文內(nèi)容可知,這篇文章是作者在闡述為什么現(xiàn)在人們不去討論“貧困”,和為什么這個時代成為一個窮人幾乎不見蹤影的富裕時代。A項“娛樂”,B項“說服”,文章并未體現(xiàn)。C項“講故事”,不符合。D項“描述”,符合題意。因此D選項正確。
30.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】主旨大意題。結合全文知,A項“我們過去比現(xiàn)在更關注窮人?!盉項“窮人正受益于今天良好的經(jīng)濟?!蔽刺峒?。C項“這個國家正在享受經(jīng)濟增長。”,D項“當時的窮人比現(xiàn)在多很多?!睆奈闹械牡谝欢巍癇efore,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?”以前,當我們有了財富,我們就會開始討論貧窮。為什么現(xiàn)在不討論了呢?由此可知,A選項符合。因此A選項正確。
5.單選題
______wasnotourconcern.
問題1選項
A.Nomatterhowhemightpasstheexamination
B.Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot
C.Thoughhemightpasstheexamination
D.Whilehepassedtheexamination
【答案】B
【解析】考查主語從句。句意:他考試及格與否不關我們的事。橫線部分為主語從句。B選項Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot中whether…ornot“無論,是否”,符合題意。A選項Nomatterhowhemightpasstheexamination去掉might選項符合語法,翻譯成:無論他怎樣通過考試。C選項Thoughhemightpasstheexamination中though“盡管”,引導讓步狀語從句,不符合語境。D選項Whilehepassedtheexamination中while“當……的時候”,引導時間狀語從句,不符合語境。因此B選項正確。
6.單選題
WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.
Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.
Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardpatternsintowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.
Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectionbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe“standardpatterns”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizedcitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.
RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses(奔馳車),andtradestocks,andtheyarelesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.
Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.
Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiums(討論會)andacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.
1.Thepassageismainlyabout______.
2.Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe______.
3.Asforthesurvey,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
4.Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir______.
5.Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits______.
問題1選項
A.needsofthereadersallovertheworld
B.causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers
C.originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry
D.aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject
問題2選項
A.quitetrustworthy
B.somewhatcontradictory
C.veryfunning
D.rathersuperficial
問題3選項
A.Theresidentstobesurveyedaredecidedbeforehand.
B.Theresidentsin5citiesaresurveyed.
C.Thesurveyshowsthatreportersandtheirreaderssharethesamelifestyle.
D.Therepliesoftheresidentsshowthatchurchisprobablytheirhaunts.
問題4選項
A.workingattitude
B.lackofreportingskills
C.worldoutlook
D.educationalbackground
問題5選項
A.failuretorealizeitsrealproblem
B.tendencytohireannoyingreporters
C.likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting
D.prejudiceinmattersofraceandgender
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭提出了為什么許多美國人不相信自己在報紙上讀到的內(nèi)容這個問題,接著分析了造成公眾對報紙失望的根本性原因。因此B選項“公眾對報紙失望的原因”最能概括文章主旨。A選項“世界各地讀者的需求”,C選項“報業(yè)衰落的根源”,D選項“新聞業(yè)可信度項目的目標”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,C,D錯誤。
2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes(遺憾的是,這次項目只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn),諸如新聞報道中的事實錯誤,拼寫或語法錯誤),說明可信度項目獲得的結果是低級、膚淺的。因此D選項“相當膚淺”正確。A選項“非常值得信賴”,B選項“有點矛盾”,C選項“非常有趣”均不符合題意,所以A,B,C錯誤。
3.客觀細節(jié)題。A選項“被調(diào)查的居民是事先決定的”,由原文Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.(然后隨機地給這些城市的居民打電話,詢問他們同樣的問題。)可知,被調(diào)查的居民是隨機確定的,所以A錯誤。B選項“對5個城市的居民進行調(diào)查”,由原文Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizedcitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.(在最近一次調(diào)查中,問卷被送到了全國五座中等城市及一座大都市的記者手中。)可知,是對五個中等城市和一個大城市,共6個城市的居民進行調(diào)查,所以B錯誤。C選項“調(diào)查顯示,記者和他們的讀者有著相同的生活方式”,由原文RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks(人們的回答表明,與其他美國人相比,新聞記者更有可能居住在高級社區(qū),有女傭,有奔馳車,炒股)可知,記者和普通讀者的生活方式不一樣,所以C錯誤。由D選項關鍵詞“church”可以定位到文章第五段最后一句andtheyarelesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.(而記者去教堂,參加自愿服務,扎根某個社區(qū)的可能性卻很小。),說明記者和普通讀者不一樣,很少去教堂,也就是說普通居民可能會經(jīng)常去教堂。因此D選項“居民的回答表明,教堂很可能是他們的聚集地”正確。
4.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.(對新聞媒體的這種令人震驚的不信任的根源不在于報道失實或低下的報道技巧,而在于記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著碰撞。),說明記者與讀者世界觀的沖突引起了人們對報紙的不信任,是基本問題所在。因此C選項“世界觀”正確。A選項“工作態(tài)度”,B選項“缺乏報道技巧”,D選項“教育背景”都不是最基本的問題,所以A,B,D錯誤。
5.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.(但它似乎從來就沒有時間去注意那么多老顧客所抱怨的文化和階級偏見。),說明盡管報紙行業(yè)做出了許多努力,但他們沒有意識到真正的問題在于文化和階級偏見。因此A選項“沒有意識到其真正的問題”正確。B選項“傾向于雇用令人討厭的記者”,C選項“傾向于做不準確的報道”,D選項“在種族和性別問題上的偏見”都不是根本的原因,所以B,C,D錯誤。
7.單選題
Thecompanymademoreprofitinthatonemonththanitmadeinthewholeofthe()year.
問題1選項
A.previously
B.proceeding
C.preceding
D.unpreceding
【答案】C
【解析】形近異義詞辨析。previously“以前”;proceeding“程序,訴訟”;preceding“在前的,先前的”;unpreceding“空前的,前所未有的”。句意:公司在那一個月創(chuàng)造的收益比整個前年的多。選項C符合題意。
8.單選題
Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore()tolightthanarehumaneyes.
問題1選項
A.glowing
B.brilliant
C.sensitive
D.gloomy
【答案】C
【解析】句意:盡管貓在完全黑暗的環(huán)境中看不到任何東西,但是相比人類的眼睛,它們的眼晴對光卻更加敏感。
考查形容詞辨析。glowing熱烈贊揚的,熱情洋溢的;brilliant閃耀的,杰出的,精彩的;sensitive體貼的,體恤的,善解人意的,感覺敏銳的;gloomy黑暗的,沮喪的,陰郁的。由轉(zhuǎn)折對比提示詞Although(盡管)可知C符合句意。
9.單選題
Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof(
)istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetoliveinandyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.
問題1選項
A.elitism
B.eloquence
C.eminence
D.etiquette
【答案】B
【解析】名詞辨析。句意:在無數(shù)的規(guī)則下,雄辯最根本的目的是為了讓這個世界成為更美好的地方,你成為更好相處的人。
elitism精英主義;杰出人物統(tǒng)治論。eloquence口才;雄辯;雄辯術;修辭。eminence顯赫;卓越;高處。etiquette顯赫;卓越;尚處。
10.單選題
Hewassomeanthathecouldn’tbearto(
)thesmallestsumofmoneyforthecharityappeal.
問題1選項
A.partwith
B.givein
C.payoff
D.letout
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。partwith意為“放棄,失去,割舍”;givein意為“屈服”;payoff意為“付清”;letout意為“出租,放出,發(fā)出”。
句意:他如此吝嗇以至于不能忍受為慈善割舍一點點錢。
11.單選題
Idon’tmindabitifyoubringyourfriendsinforadrink,butitisrathertoomuchwhentenpeoplearrive()fordinner.
問題1選項
A.unusually
B.excessively
C.consequently
D.unexpectedly
【答案】D
【解析】副詞詞義辨析。unexpectedly“出乎意料地”;unusually“顯著地”;excessively“過分地”;consequently“從而”。句意:我不介意你帶你的朋友來喝杯茶,但是當十個人出乎意料地來家里吃晚飯時就有點太多了。
12.翻譯題
Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseontheANSWERSHEET.
Needamoodboost,butdon’thavetimetohitthegreatoutdoors?Trythenextbestthingandturnonanaturedocumentary.
41.Arecentstudyhasfoundthatturningintonaturedocumentariescanhaveanimmediateimpactonincreasinghappinessandreducingoverallstress.ThestudywascommissionedbytheBBCtomarkthelaunchofitsnewcritically-acclaimednatureseries“PlanetEarthII”.
Whilenatureprogramminghaslongbeenfoundtobringsmilestopeople’sfaces,theBBCwascurioustounderstandmoreabouttheconnectionbetweenthetwo.Tohelpgaugewhatexactlyishappeningwhilewewatchthesescenes,thenetworkpartneredwithProfessorDacherKeltner,whostudiesthescienceofemotionattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andatechnologystartupcalledCrowdEmotion.
Usingspecialfacialrecognitionsoftwarefedbywebcams,theresearchteamanalyzedtheexpressionsinreal-timeof7,500participantsfromtheU.S.,UTC,SouthAfricaandAustralia.Beforeandafterwatchingclipsfromtheseries,thevolunteerswerealsoaskedtocompleteshortsurveysontheiremotionalwell-being.
42.Accordingtothestudyresults,thoseengagedinwatchingnatureprogramminghadsignificantincreasesinfeelingsofawe,amazement,wonder,curiosity,interestandwantingtoexplore.Conversely,feelingsofnervousness,anxiety,fear,andlowenergyweresignificantlylowered.
“TheshiftsinemotiondemonstratedintheBBCstudyasaresultofwatchingthispowerfulnaturalhistoryseriesaresignificantasweknowthatwonderandcontentmentarethefoundationsofhumanhappiness,”ProfessorKeltnersaidinastatement.“Ifpeopleexperiencefeelingsofawe,theyaremorelikelytodisplayempatheticandcharitablebehaviorsandhavebeenshowntobebetterabletohandlestress.”
Inadditiontothenewpaper,Keltneralsoconductedareviewof150scientificstudiesthatpreviouslyexploredtherelationshipsbetweenemotionandnature.43.Theoverallconsensuswasthatexposuretonature,whetherfirst-handorthroughprogramming,decreasesstress,increasescalm,andimprovescognitiveperformance.
【答案】41.最新的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn),觀看自然紀錄片對增加幸福感和減少整體壓力有立竿見影的效果。
42.研究結果顯示,那些觀看自然節(jié)目的人,敬畏、驚訝、好奇、興趣和探索欲望等方面的感覺顯著增加。
43.整體的共識是,無論是直接接觸大自然,還是通過電視節(jié)目,都能減少壓力、增加冷靜、提高認知能力。
13.單選題
Withprice()somuch,it’shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.
問題1選項
A.fluctuating
B.waving
C.swinging
D.vibrating
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。fluctuate“使波動,使動搖,漲落”;wave“揮手,揮舞”;swing“搖擺,旋轉(zhuǎn)”;vibrate“使振動,使顫動”。句意:由于價格波動大,所以這家公司很難做出預算計劃。A項符合題意。
14.單選題
Inselectingamaterialtheengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition(
)itissubject.
問題1選項
A.where
B.which
C.inwhich
D.towhich
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句。由固定搭配“besubjectto”可知此處將介詞提前,因此選D。
句意:在選擇材料時,工程師感興趣的是材料在遭受負荷或者某種狀況時所表現(xiàn)出來的特性。
15.單選題
()theincreaseinthenumberofcomputersinouroffices,theamountofpaperthatweneedhasrisenaswell.
問題1選項
A.Alongwith
B.Altogether
C.Although
D.Allalong
【答案】A
【解析】alongwith隨同...…一起;altogether完全,總而言之;although盡管,雖然;allalong始終,一直。句意:隨著我們辦公室電腦數(shù)量的增加,我們需要的紙的數(shù)量也增加了。選項A符合句意。
16.單選題
Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingmanyfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,thesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhaps80%ofallhumanillnessisrelatedtodietand40%ofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.
Differentculturesaremorepronetocontractcertainillnessbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,governmentresearchesrealizedthatnitratesandnitrites,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivescausedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglakesofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandpoultry,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcows.Sometimes,similardrugsareadministeredtoanimalsnotformedicinalpurposesbutforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.ThoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FAD)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.
1.Howhassciencedoneadisservicetomankind?
2.Whatarenitratesusedfor?
3.WhatdoesFDAmean?
4.Theword“carcinogenic”meansmostnearlythesameas().
5.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisnottrue?
問題1選項
A.Becauseofscience,diseasecausedbycontaminatedfoodhasbeenvirtuallyeradicated.
B.Ithascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.
C.Asaresultofscientificintervention,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshavebeenaddedtoourfood.
D.Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.
問題2選項
A.Theypreserveflavorinpackagedfoods.
B.Theypreservethecolorofmeats.
C.Theyaretheobjectsofresearch.
D.Theycausetheanimalstobecomefatter.
問題3選項
A.FoodDirectAdditives.
B.FinalDifficultAnalysis.
C.FoodandDrugAdministration.
D.FederalDiaryAdditives.
問題4選項
A.trouble-making
B.color-retaining
C.money-making
D.cancer-causing
問題5選項
A.Drugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreason.
B.Someoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomearegiventothelivinganimals.
C.Researchershaveknownaboutthepotentialhazardsoffoodadditivesforover35years.
D.Foodmaycause40%ofcancerintheworld.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingmanyfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,thesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.(雖然科學已取得巨大進展,使許多食物更適合食用,但與此同時,它也使許多食物不宜食用。)也就是說很多添加劑式的食物容易導致一些疾病,因此C選項“由于科學的干預,一些潛在的有害物質(zhì)被添加到我們的食物中?!闭_。A選項“由于科學的發(fā)展,由受污染的食物引起的疾病實際上已經(jīng)被根除了?!焙皖}干提問并不符合;B選項“它導致了關于食物價值的信息的缺乏。”這個不是原文的觀點;D選項“科學家們保存了肉的顏色,卻沒有保存蔬菜的顏色?!迸c題干不符。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段In1945,governmentresearchesrealizedthatnitratesandnitrites,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats(1945年,政府部門的研究人員認識到,用于肉類顏色保鮮的硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽和其他食品添加劑能致癌)因此B選項“它們能保持肉的顏色”正確。A選項“它們能保存包裝食品的風味?!辈皇潜4骘L味;C選項“它們是研究的對象”,與原文不符;D選項“它們使動物變得更胖”與原文不符。
3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到最后一句話ThoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FAD)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.(盡管食品和藥物管理局(FAD)多次試圖控制這些程序,但這種做法仍在繼續(xù)。)因此C選項“食品和藥物管理局”正確。A選項“食物直接添加劑”;B選項“最終困難分析”;D選項“聯(lián)邦乳品添加劑”都不正確。
4.語義推測題。根據(jù)關鍵詞定位到commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivescausedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood(用于肉類顏色保鮮的硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽和其他食品添加劑能致癌。然而,這些致癌添加劑仍然存在于我們的食品中。)因此可以得出這些物質(zhì)都是致癌的,因此D選項“致癌的”正確。A選項“制造麻煩的”;B選項“護色的”;C選項“賺錢的”都不正確。
5.事實細節(jié)題。A選項“由于醫(yī)學原因,藥物總是給動物服用”在原文的最后一段Sometimes,similardrugsareadministeredtoanimalsnotformedicinalpurposesbutforfinancialreasons.(有時讓動物服用這類藥物并不是為了治病,而是為了經(jīng)濟上的原因。)因此A選項不正確。B選項“我們食物中的一些添加劑是添加到食物本身,還有一些是給活的動物吃的?!痹谧詈笠欢蜦armersoftengivepenicillintobeefandpoultry(農(nóng)民經(jīng)常給牛肉和家禽注射青霉素);C選項“研究人員已經(jīng)知道食品添加劑的潛在危害超過35年了?!痹谧詈笠欢蜪n1945,governmentresearchesrealizedthatnitratesandnitrites,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivescausedcancer.(1945年,政府部門的研究人員認識到,用于肉類保鮮的硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽和其他食品添加劑能致癌。);D選項“食物可能會導致世界上40%的癌癥”定位到第一段Someresearchhasshownthatperhaps80%ofallhumanillnessisrelatedtodietand40%ofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.(一些研究表明,大約80%的人類疾病與飲食有關,40%的癌癥也與飲食有關,尤其是結腸癌。)
17.單選題
Hadspringeverbeengentle,soendearingbefore?Hadeverylittlescene,everyshopwindow,everyfacehepassedeverbeensowonderfullyinteresting?
問題1選項
A.attractive
B.favorable
C.inspiring
D.peaceful
【答案】A
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.attractive吸引人的,令人愉快的B.favorable給人好印象的(有好感)
C.inspiring鼓舞人心的,激勵的,啟發(fā)靈感的D.peaceful安靜的,平靜的
【答案】A
【考查點】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】endearing的意思為“惹人喜愛的,討人喜歡的”,這里問春天是否曾經(jīng)惹人喜愛,讓人不自覺地被他吸引,attractive與之詞義相近,因此A選項正確。
【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。
【句意】春天曾經(jīng)如此惹人喜愛嗎?他走過的每一處、每一個商店櫥窗、每一張面孔,都曾經(jīng)是那么奇妙而有趣嗎?
18.單選題
George(
)anagonizing48-hourwaitfortheresultsofthetests.
問題1選項
A.underwent
B.withstood
C.baked
D.grilled
【答案】A
【解析】動詞辨析題。underwent經(jīng)驗,遭遇;withstood抵擋,經(jīng)得起;baked烘烤;grilled炙烤。
句意:George遭受了48小時的煎熬只為等待測試結果。選項A符合語境。
19.單選題
Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions
_____
theyaredifferentfromyourown.
問題1選項
A.until
B.evenif
C.unless
D.asthough
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項“直到”;B項“盡管”;C項“除非”;D項“似乎”;句意:允許孩子有發(fā)言的空間,盡管他們的意見和你自己的有所不同。因此選B。
20.單選題
Janehas()wontherespectofeveryoneinthefieldofdancebothforthesocietyandherself.
問題1選項
A.deservedly
B.exactly
C.despicably
D.diffusely
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。deservedly“理所應當?shù)亍?;exactly“恰好地”;despicably“可鄙地,卑劣地”;diffusely“廣泛地,擴散地”。選項A符合題意,簡理所應當贏得大家的尊重。
21.單選題
Horse-drawncoacheswereneitheracompetitivenoracomfortablealternativegiventhedeplorablestateofthenation’shighwaysandthoughbicycleswerepopularinbothtownandcountry,they,too,werehamperedbypoorroadsurfaces.
問題1選項
A.restrained
B.supported
C.favored
D.damaged
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。題干hampered“妨礙,阻止”。A項“阻止;約束”,B項“支持”,C項“喜愛,偏愛”,D項“損害;傷害”。因此選A。句意:考慮到國家公路狀況糟糕,騎馬教練既不是競爭者,也不是舒適的替代者,盡管自行車在城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村都廣受歡迎,但它們也受到不良路面的阻礙。
22.單選題
TheCivilWarprovidedanimpetustoMichigan'sgrowth.
問題1選項
A.anincentiveto
B.anobstacleto
C.areasonfor
D.adelayin
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。animpetusto意為“推動,促進”;anincentiveto意為“刺激,激勵”;anobstacleto意為“障礙”;areasonfor意為“理由,原因”;adelayin意為“延遲”。
句意:南北戰(zhàn)爭推動了密歇根州的發(fā)展。
23.填空題
Earthquakesarenaturalshakingswithintheearth’scrust.Theyshowthatcrustalmovementsarestilltaking(1)onourplanettoday,(2)ontheMoon,whichappearstohavenosuchactivity.Seismometersenablegeologiststo(3)theintensityofquakes.MuchofChinaisseismicallyactive,withthemost(4)recentearthquakehavingoccurredin2008,inSichuan(5).
【答案】place;unlike,measure;serious:province
【解析】句意:地震是地球地殼內(nèi)的正常震動。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)地殼運動在我們今天的星球上仍在發(fā)生,不像月球上,貌似沒有這樣的運動。測振儀能夠使地質(zhì)學家測量震動的強度。中國大部分地區(qū)地質(zhì)活躍,最近最嚴重(破壞力最大)的一次地震發(fā)生在2008年的四川。
1.固定搭配。takeplace發(fā)生。
2.語義題。句意:不像月球上,貌似沒有這樣的運動。故填unlike。
3.語義題。根據(jù)前面的seismometers(測振儀)推測此處填measure(測量)。
4.語義題。句意:中國大部分地區(qū)地質(zhì)活躍,最近最嚴重的一次地震發(fā)生在2008年的四川。故填serious。
5.語義題。根據(jù)Sichuan推測此處填province。
24.單選題
In2004andagainin2006,womentoldpollstersthattheconcernsthatmotivatedthemtodecidewhetherandforwhomtovotewerecenteredonnontraditional“Women’sissues”.Womenarenotsingle-issuevoters,either.(1)Inreality,women’svotingpatternsindicatequitetheopposite.
Womenarenotmonolithicintheirattitudesabout,orvoteswithin,thepoliticalsystem.(2).Intheend,womenvotersaskthemselvestwocorequestionswhendecidingwhomtosupportforpresident:“DoIlikethatperson?”and“Isthatpersonlikeme?”Thefirstquestionistheclassic“l(fā)ivingroom”test.Thesecondisamorecomplexinquirythatprobeswhetherwomenbelieveacandidatecarsabout,values,confronts,andfeatshesamethingstheydo.
Partyloyaltytrumpsgender,asindicatedbyaJuly2007Newsweeksurvey,whichfoundthat88percentofmenand85percentofwomensaythatiftheirpartynominatedawomancandidatethattheywouldvoteforherifshewerequalifiedforthejob.(3):Only60percentofmenand56percentofwomenbelievethatthecountryisreadyforawomanpresident.Withregardtorace,votersarelesshesitanttovoteforaqualifiedAfrican-Americancandidateoftheirparty,as92percentofwhitesand93percentofnonwhitessaythattheywouldendorsesuchacandidate.(4):Only59percentofwhitevotersand58percentofnonwhitevotersbelievethatthecountrywouldelectablackpresident.
Whereasthecontestforpresidentisthemostwide-openindecades,onethingiscertain:(5).
問題1選項
A.Themedia’sfocusonthecontentiousonesmakesitseemasifwomenonlycareaboutoneissueonElectionDayandthatittakesspecialattentiontothatissuetocompelwomentovote
B.Traditionally,womenarethoughttogravitatemoretowardthe“SHE”clusterofissues,SocialSecurity,healthcare,andeducation,whilemenareconsideredmoreinterestedinthe“WE”issues,warandtheeconomy
C.Likegender,fewervotersdoubtthatthecountryisreadyforanAfrican-Americanpresident
D.Americansexpresslessenthusiasm,however,aboutthe“femalefactor”,whenitcomestohowtheyjudgetheirfellowcitizens
E.Women,astheyhavesince1980,willbeamajorityoftheelectoratethatdecideswhonextoccupiestheOvalOffice
F.Whenitcomestovoting,onewomanmightvoteforallDemocrats,anothermightvotestraight-ticketRepublican,whileathirdmighttakethesalad-barapproachtodecidehervote
問題2選項
A.Themedia’sfocusonthecontentiousonesmakesitseemasifwomenonlycareaboutoneissueonElectionDayandthatittake
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