考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天府新區(qū)信息職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天府新區(qū)信息職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Henrywentthroughthedocumentsagaincarefullyforfearof（

）anyimportantdata.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relaying

B.overlooking

C.deleting

D.revealing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析?？崭袂笆墙樵~of，后面是名詞data，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知此處需要填入動(dòng)名詞。A選項(xiàng)relay“傳達(dá)；轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)；轉(zhuǎn)播”；B選項(xiàng)overlook“忽略；俯瞰；遠(yuǎn)眺”；C選項(xiàng)delete“刪除”；D選項(xiàng)reveal“顯示；透露；泄露”。句意：亨利又仔細(xì)地檢查了一遍文件，生怕……什么重要的數(shù)據(jù)。由“檢查文件”、“數(shù)據(jù)”等關(guān)鍵詞可知，此處應(yīng)表示“生怕遺漏重要數(shù)據(jù)”。B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Thelegislationofacountryrecentlyconsideredabilldesignedtoreducetheuncertaintyinherentintheownershipofartbyspecifyingcertainconditionsthatmustbemetbeforeanallegedlystolenworkofartcanbereclaimedofbyaplaintiff.Thebillplacestheburdenofproofinreclamationlitigationentirelyontheplaintiff,whomustdemonstratethattheholderofanitemknewatthetimeofpurchasethatithadbeenstolen.Additionally,thebillcreatesauniformnationalstatuteoflimitationsforreclamationofstolenculturalproperty.

Testifyinginsupportofthebill,JamesD.Burke,acitizenofthecountryandoneofitsleadingartmuseumdirectors,specificallypraisedtheinclusionofastatuteoflimitations;otherwise,hesaid,othercountriescouldseektoreclaimvaluableartobjects,nomatterhowlongtheyhavebeenheldbythecurrentownerorhowlegitimatelytheywereacquired.Anycountrycouldenactapatrimonylawstatingthatanythingevermadewithintheboundariesofthatcountryisitsculturalproperty.Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.

However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.Infact,theproposedlegislationwouldestablishtoomanyunjustifiablebarrierstothelocationandrecoveryofstolenobjects.Themainbarrieristhatthebillconsiderstheannouncementofanarttransactioninamuseumpublicationtobeadequateevidenceofanattempttonotifyapossibleowner.Therearefartoomanysuchpublicationsforthevictimofathefttosurvey,andwithonlythisformofdisclosure,astolenobjectcouldeasilyremaintheobjecttoascholarforverificationthatitisnotstolen,butitisarareacademicwhoisawareofanybutthemostpublicizedartthefts.Moreover,thetimelimitspecifiedbythestatuteoflimitationsisveryshort,andtherequirementthattheplaintiffdemonstratethattheholderhadknowledgeofthetheftisunrealistic.Typically,stolenartchangeshandsseveraltimesbeforerisingtothelevelinthemarketplacewhereacuratororcollectorwouldseeit.Atthatpoint,theobjectbearsnotraceoftheinitialtransactionbetweenthethiefandthefirstpurchaser,perhapstheonlyoneinthechainwhoknowinglyacquiredastolenworkofart.

Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.

51.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelysummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?

52.WhichoneofthefollowingisanexampleofthekindofactionthatBurkefearedwouldposeaseriousthreattomuseumsinhiscountry?

53.Accordingtothepassage,Burkeenvisagedthemostformidablepotentialadversariesofhiscountry’smuseumsinreclamationlitigationtobe______.

54.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardtheproposedbill?

55.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexemplifiesthesortoflegislationconsiderednecessarybytheauthorofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Variouslegaldisputeshaverecentlyarisenthatdemonstratetheneedforlegislationclarifyingthelegalpositionofmuseumsinsuitsinvolvingtherepossessionofculturalproperty.

B.Abillintendedtopreventothergovernmentsfromrecoveringculturalpropertywasrecentlyintroducedintothelegislatureofacountryatthebehestofitsmuseumdirectors.

C.Abillintendedtoprotectgood-faithpurchasersofworksofartfromreclamationlitigationisunnecessaryandfailstoaddresstheneedsoflegitimateownersattemptingtorecoverstolenartworks.

D.Clashesbetweenmuseumprofessionalsandmembersoftheacademiccommunityregardinggovernmentallegislationoftheartscanbestberesolvedbynegotiationandarbitration,notbylitigation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepassageofalawbyanothercountryforbiddingthefutureexportofanyarchaeologicalobjectsuncoveredatsitswithinitsterritory.

B.Aninternationalaccordestablishingstrictcriteriafordeterminingwhetheraworkofartcanbeconsideredstolenandspecifyingthecircumstancesunderwhichitmustbereturnedtoitscountryoforigin.

C.Anincreaseintheacquisitionofculturallysignificantworksofartbyprivatecollectors,whoaremorecapablethanmuseumsofbearingthecostoflitigationbutwhorarelydisplaytheircollectionstothepublic.

D.Thepassageofalawbyanothercountrydeclaringthatallobjectscreatedbyitsaboriginalpeoplearethesolepropertyofthatcountry.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.commercialdealersinart

B.lawenforcementofficialsinhisowncountry

C.privatecollectorsofart

D.governmentsofothercountries

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Reasonedopposition

B.Measuredadvocacy

C.Fearfulapprehension

D.Impassionedsupport

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alawrequiringmuseumstonotifyforeigngovernmentsandculturalinstitutionsofallthecatalogsandscholarlyjournalsthattheypublish.

B.Alawrequiringthatacentralarchivebeestablishedforcollectinganddistributinginformationconcerningallreportedtheftsofculturalproperty.

C.Alawprovidingforthecreationofanationalwarehouseforstorageofworksofartthatarethesubjectoflitigation.

D.Alawinstitutinganationalfundforassistingmuseumstobeartheexpensesofdefendingthemselvesagainstreclamationsuits.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】51.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最準(zhǔn)確地總結(jié)了文章的要點(diǎn)？”。通讀全文可知，文章的話題主要是討論一項(xiàng)新的法案對(duì)藝術(shù)作品持有者的保護(hù)和追回被盜物品方面的作用。通過(guò)文章最后一段的總結(jié)Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.（因此，新的立法保護(hù)藝術(shù)持有者的必要性并不明顯；相反，需要的是用立法彌補(bǔ)藝術(shù)品的合法擁有者和被盜藝術(shù)品的國(guó)家已經(jīng)找到并收回被盜藝術(shù)品所面臨的困難），可以推斷新的立法保護(hù)藝術(shù)品持有者是沒(méi)有必要的，而是要去解決藝術(shù)品持有者或者國(guó)家在追回被盜藝術(shù)品種所面臨的困難和需求；所以C項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)旨在保護(hù)藝術(shù)品善意購(gòu)買(mǎi)者免受回收訴訟的法案是沒(méi)有必要的，而且未能解決試圖追回被盜藝術(shù)品的合法所有者的需求”正確。A項(xiàng)“最近出現(xiàn)的各種法律糾紛表明，在涉及收回文化財(cái)產(chǎn)的訴訟中，有必要立法澄清博物館的法律地位”，根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.（伯克表達(dá)了一種擔(dān)憂，即廣泛的回收訴訟將導(dǎo)致博物館毀滅性的法律辯護(hù)費(fèi)用）和第三段第一句However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.（然而，因?yàn)檫@樣的回收訴訟還沒(méi)有成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題，伯克的擔(dān)心幾乎沒(méi)有根據(jù)）可知，A項(xiàng)不符合題意；B項(xiàng)“在一個(gè)國(guó)家博物館館長(zhǎng)的要求下，一項(xiàng)旨在阻止其他國(guó)家政府收回文化財(cái)產(chǎn)的法案最近被提交到該國(guó)的立法機(jī)構(gòu)”內(nèi)容在文中沒(méi)有提到，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“博物館專(zhuān)業(yè)人員和學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體成員之間關(guān)于政府對(duì)藝術(shù)品的立法的沖突最好通過(guò)談判和仲裁來(lái)解決，而不是通過(guò)訴訟”，文中也未提到該內(nèi)容，D項(xiàng)不選。因此該題選C。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干的意思是“下面哪一個(gè)是伯克擔(dān)心會(huì)對(duì)他國(guó)家的博物館造成嚴(yán)重威脅的行為的例子？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段，第二句otherwise,hesaid,othercountriescouldseektoreclaimvaluableartobjects,nomatterhowlongtheyhavebeenheldbythecurrentownerorhowlegitimatelytheywereacquired.（他說(shuō)，否則，其他國(guó)家可能會(huì)尋求收回有價(jià)值的藝術(shù)品，不管它們被當(dāng)前所有者持有了多久，也不管它們獲得的合法性如何）和最后一句Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.（伯克表達(dá)了一種擔(dān)憂，即廣泛的回收訴訟將導(dǎo)致博物館毀滅性的法律辯護(hù)費(fèi)用）有提到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，伯克贊同法案中包含的訴訟時(shí)效，因?yàn)槌^(guò)了這個(gè)訴訟時(shí)效其他國(guó)家無(wú)法收回有價(jià)值的藝術(shù)品，不管這件藝術(shù)品的持有時(shí)間多長(zhǎng)和合法性如何；不然的話，博物館就會(huì)花費(fèi)巨大的法律辯護(hù)費(fèi)用；D項(xiàng)“另一個(gè)國(guó)家通過(guò)一項(xiàng)法律，宣布其土著人民所創(chuàng)造的一切物品都是該國(guó)的唯一財(cái)產(chǎn)”，這一例子更能很好的描述題干的內(nèi)容，所以D項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)“另一個(gè)國(guó)家通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)法律，禁止未來(lái)出口任何在其領(lǐng)土內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的考古物品”，文中沒(méi)有提到考古物品的內(nèi)容；B項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)國(guó)際協(xié)定，為確定一件藝術(shù)品是否可被認(rèn)為是被盜的確定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并具體規(guī)定在何種情況下必須將其歸還原籍國(guó)”，內(nèi)容與原文相反，原文中伯克贊同的是訴訟的時(shí)效性，一旦過(guò)了時(shí)效，不管是否合法持有其他國(guó)家都不能追回，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“私人收藏家對(duì)具有文化意義的藝術(shù)作品的購(gòu)買(mǎi)增加，他們比博物館更有能力承擔(dān)訴訟費(fèi)用，但他們很少向公眾展示他們的收藏”，文中沒(méi)有提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容，C項(xiàng)不選。因此該題選D。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)文章，伯克設(shè)想他的國(guó)家博物館在回收訴訟中最可怕的潛在對(duì)手將是……”。根據(jù)文章第二段最后兩句話Anycountrycouldenactapatrimonylawstatingthatanythingevermadewithintheboundariesofthatcountryisitsculturalproperty.Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.（任何國(guó)家都可以頒布一項(xiàng)遺產(chǎn)法，規(guī)定任何在該國(guó)境內(nèi)做出的東西都是其文化財(cái)產(chǎn)；伯克表達(dá)了一種擔(dān)憂，即廣泛的回收訴訟將導(dǎo)致博物館毀滅性的法律辯護(hù)費(fèi)用）可知，國(guó)家博物館在回收訴訟中最可怕的潛在對(duì)手將是其他國(guó)家的政府，因此D項(xiàng)“其他國(guó)家政府”正確。A項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)商人”，根據(jù)第三段第五句Moreover,thetimelimitspecifiedbythestatuteoflimitationsisveryshort,andtherequirementthattheplaintiffdemonstratethattheholderhadknowledgeofthetheftisunrealistic.Typically,stolenartchangeshandsseveraltimesbeforerisingtothelevelinthemarketplacewhereacuratororcollectorwouldseeit.（此外，訴訟時(shí)效規(guī)定的期限很短，要求原告證明持有人知曉盜竊行為的要求也不現(xiàn)實(shí)；通常情況下，被偷的藝術(shù)品會(huì)幾經(jīng)易手，才會(huì)在市場(chǎng)上升至館長(zhǎng)或收藏家能看到的水平）可知，因?yàn)橛胁煌慕?jīng)手藝術(shù)品的商人，所以原告在證明持有人知曉盜竊行為方面會(huì)有困難，這不是博物館在訴訟中的潛在對(duì)手，A項(xiàng)不選；B項(xiàng)“他自己國(guó)家的執(zhí)法人員”和C項(xiàng)“私人藝術(shù)品收藏家”也不是國(guó)家博物館在回收訴訟中最可怕的潛在對(duì)手。因此該題選D。

54.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干的意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)最好地描述了作者對(duì)提案的態(tài)度？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段第一句Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.（因此，新的立法保護(hù)藝術(shù)持有者的必要性并不明顯），從notobvious可以看出作者對(duì)該提案的態(tài)度是理性的反對(duì)，所以A項(xiàng)“理性的反對(duì)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“慎重的擁護(hù)”和D項(xiàng)“慷慨激昂的支持”錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“可怕的憂慮”有點(diǎn)過(guò)度解讀。因此該題選A。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最好地說(shuō)明了文章作者認(rèn)為有必要的那一類(lèi)立法？”。根據(jù)最后一段Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.（相反，需要的是用立法彌補(bǔ)藝術(shù)品的合法擁有者和被盜藝術(shù)品的國(guó)家已經(jīng)找到并收回被盜藝術(shù)品的困難）可知，作者認(rèn)為建立一項(xiàng)幫助藝術(shù)品合法擁有者和擁有國(guó)家找到并收回被盜品的法案是有必要的，所以B項(xiàng)“要求建立中央檔案，收集和分發(fā)有關(guān)所有已報(bào)告的文化財(cái)產(chǎn)盜竊的資料的一項(xiàng)法律”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“要求博物館將其出版的所有目錄和學(xué)術(shù)期刊通知外國(guó)政府和文化機(jī)構(gòu)的一項(xiàng)法律”，內(nèi)容與原文無(wú)關(guān)，A項(xiàng)不選；C項(xiàng)“規(guī)定建立國(guó)家倉(cāng)庫(kù)以儲(chǔ)存作為訴訟主體的藝術(shù)品的一項(xiàng)法律”，儲(chǔ)存作為訴訟主體的藝術(shù)品與幫助藝術(shù)品合法擁有者和擁有國(guó)家找到并收回被盜品不相干，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“設(shè)立國(guó)家基金，以協(xié)助博物館承擔(dān)在回收訴訟中自衛(wèi)的費(fèi)用的一項(xiàng)法律”，根據(jù)第三段第一句However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.（然而，因?yàn)檫@樣的回收訴訟還沒(méi)有成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題，伯克的擔(dān)心幾乎沒(méi)有根據(jù)）可知，關(guān)于廣泛的回收訴訟還沒(méi)有成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題，設(shè)立國(guó)家基金是沒(méi)有必要的，所以D項(xiàng)不選。因此該題選B。

3.單選題

Noverysatisfactoryaccountofthemechanismthatcausedtheformationoftheoceanbasinshasyetbeengiven.Thetraditionalviewsupposesthattheuppermantleoftheearthbehavesasaliquidwhenitissubjectedtosmallforcesforlongperiodsandthatdifferencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinentsaresufficienttoproduceconvectioninthemantleoftheearthwithrisingconvectioncurrentsunderthemid-oceanridgesandsinkingcurrentsunderthecontinents.Theoretically,thisconvectionwouldcarrythecontinentalplatesalongasthoughtheywereonaconveyorbeltandwouldprovidetheforcesneededtoproducethesplitthatoccursalongtheridge.Thisviewmaybecorrect:ithastheadvantagethatthecurrentsaredrivenbytemperaturedifferencesthatthemselvesdependonthepositionofthecontinents.Suchaback-coupling,inwhichthepositionofthemovingplatehasanimpactontheforcesthatmoveit,couldproducecomplicatedandvaryingmotions.

Ontheotherhand,thetheoryisimplausiblebecauseconvectiondoesnotnormallyoccuralonglines,anditcertainlydoesnotoccuralonglinesbrokenbyfrequentoffsetsorchangesindirection,astheridgeis.AlsoitisdifficulttoseehowthetheoryappliestotheplatebetweentheMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheridgeintheIndianOcean.Thisplateisgrowingonbothsides,andsincethereisnointermediatetrench,thetworidgesmustbemovingapart.Itwouldbeoddiftherisingconvectioncurrentskeptexactpacewiththem.Analternativetheoryisthatthesinkingpartoftheplate,whichisdenserthanthehottersurroundingmantle,pullstherestoftheplateafterit.AgainitisdifficulttoseehowthisappliestotheridgeintheSouthAtlantic,whereneithertheAfricannortheAmericanplatehasasinkingpart.

Anotherpossibilityisthatthesinkingplatecoolstheneighboringmantleandproducesconvectioncurrentsthatmovetheplates.Thislasttheoryisattractivebecauseitgivessomehopeofexplainingtheenclosedseas,suchastheSeaofJapan.Theseseashaveatypicaloceanicfloor,exceptthatthefloorisoverlaidbyseveralkilometersofsediment.Theirfloorshaveprobablybeensinkingforlongperiods.Itseemspossiblethatasinkingcurrentofcooledmantlematerialontheuppersideoftheplatemightbethecauseofsuchdeepbasins.Theenclosedseasareanimportantfeatureoftheearth’ssurface,andseriouslyrequireexplanationinbecause,additiontotheenclosedseasthataredevelopingatpresentbehindislandarcs,thereareanumberofolderonesofpossiblysimilarorigin,suchastheGulfofMexico,theBlackSea,andperhapstheNorthSea.

26.Accordingtothetraditionalviewoftheoriginoftheoceanbasins,whichofthefollowingissufficienttomovethecontinentalplates?

27.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,ofthefollowing,thedeepestsedimentswouldbefoundinthe（）.

28.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingareseparatedbyaplatethatisgrowingonbothsides?

29.Theauthorrefersto"conveyerbelt"inSentence3,Paragraph1,inorderto（）.

30.Whichofthefollowingtitleswouldbestdescribethecontentofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Increasesinsedimentationonoceanfloors.

B.Spreadingofoceantrenches.

C.Movementofmid-oceanridges.

D.Differencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinents.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.IndianOcean

B.BlackSea

C.Mid-Atlantic

D.SouthAtlantic

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ThePacificOceanandtheSeaofJapan.

B.TheSouthAtlanticRidgeandtheNorthSeaRidge.

C.TheGulfofMexicoandtheSouthAtlanticRidge.

D.TheMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheIndianOceanRidge.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheeffectsofconvectioninthemantle

B.showhowtemperaturedifferencesdependonthepositionsofthecontinents

C.demonstratethelinearnatureoftheMid-AtlanticRidge

D.describethecomplicatedmotionsmadepossiblebyback-coupling

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ADescriptionoftheOceansoftheWorld

B.SeveralTheoriesofOceanBasinFormation

C.TheTraditionalViewoftheOceans

D.ConvectionandOceanCurrents

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】26.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干中的traditionalview，將信息點(diǎn)定位為第一段第二句。Thetraditionalviewsupposesthattheuppermantleoftheearthbehavesasaliquidwhenitissubjectedtosmallforcesforlongperiodsandthatdifferencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinentsaresufficienttoproduceconvectioninthemantleoftheearthwithrisingconvectioncurrentsunderthemid-oceanridgesandsinkingcurrentsunderthecontinents.（傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，地球上地幔長(zhǎng)期受小力量作用時(shí)表現(xiàn)為液體，海洋和大陸下的溫差足以產(chǎn)生地幔對(duì)流，大洋中脊下對(duì)流上升，大陸下對(duì)流下降。）從而得出本題答案。

27.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干中的sediments，將信息點(diǎn)定位為最后一段第三句。Theseseashaveatypicaloceanicfloor,exceptthatthefloorisoverlaidbyseveralkilometersofsediment.（這些海洋有一個(gè)典型的海底，只是海底覆蓋著幾公里長(zhǎng)的沉積物。）通過(guò)對(duì)比答案與尾段內(nèi)容，答案為尾段尾句的BlackSea。從而得出本題答案。

28.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干中的plate,isgrowingonbothsides，將信息點(diǎn)定位為第二段第三句。Thisplateisgrowingonbothsides,andsincethereisnointermediatetrench,thetworidgesmustbemovingapart.此句中的this指代前一句的theMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheridgeintheIndianOcean。從而得出本題答案。

29.

語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干的提示，將信息點(diǎn)定位為第一段第三句。Theoretically,thisconvectionwouldcarrythecontinentalplatesalongasthoughtheywereonaconveyorbeltandwouldprovidetheforcesneededtoproducethesplitthatoccursalongtheridge.第一段用很長(zhǎng)的句子來(lái)描述地球表層的運(yùn)動(dòng)，緊接著用conveyorbelt來(lái)描述運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)果。從而得出本題答案。

30.

主旨題。文章第一段第一句為全文的主題句，Noverysatisfactoryaccountofthemechanismthatcausedtheformationoftheoceanbasinshasyetbeengiven.（關(guān)于造成海洋盆地形成的機(jī)理，至今還沒(méi)有一個(gè)非常令人滿意的解釋。）說(shuō)明文章的內(nèi)容，即：關(guān)于oceanbasins形成的不同學(xué)說(shuō)。從而得出本題答案。

4.單選題

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds，catarrhs（黏膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中風(fēng)）.The

suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.

5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Practical.

B.Satirical.

C.Humorous.

D.Exaggerated.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句，“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”，可知男孩女孩們都知道，大家越是團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的機(jī)會(huì)就越大，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”，可知沒(méi)有人預(yù)見(jiàn)到鐵路是發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越多的原因。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”，可知火車(chē)對(duì)人體健康是最危險(xiǎn)的。選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句，“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”，可知噪音和眩光對(duì)人的神經(jīng)有影響，選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)第二段第四句，“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”，可知對(duì)人體肺部也有影響，選項(xiàng)C排除。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”，可知人們沒(méi)有預(yù)見(jiàn)鐵路是敵軍快速移動(dòng)的一種方式，可推斷出作者提出了火車(chē)的不好，表明了自己反對(duì)鐵路的立場(chǎng)，所以他是反鐵路組織的一員。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。文章第二段提到了火車(chē)會(huì)對(duì)身體健康等各方面帶來(lái)危害，最后一段還舉到了一位作家對(duì)火車(chē)描述的例子，可見(jiàn)作者是運(yùn)用了諷刺的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)描寫(xiě)的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

Scientificresearchisbynatureanuncertainundertaking.Likeanyexploratoryprocess,itisnotpossibletopredictwhatonewillfindorwhatitseventualutilitymightbe.Thatisthewholepointofresearch-investigatingwhatwedonotknow.Inotherwalksoflifewehavecometogripswiththenotionofstochasticphenomenathatarenotindividuallypredictable,butcanbetackledasagroup.Mutualfundmanagersdonotexpecteveryinvestmenttohavethesamereturn,nordoactuariesexpecteverypersontolivepreciselytothelifeexpectancy.Thewholepointofamutualfund,oraninsurancecompany,istocreateaportfolioofunpredictableentitiesthatintheaggregateyieldtostatisticalprediction.Givenasufficientlylargeportfolioofresearchprojects,andenoughtimetobringthemtofruition,thetrackrecordisclear:Scienceisatremendous,andverypredictable,investment.

Yetthisisnothowscienceisviewedbythosewhofunditingovernmentorindustry.Therefore,projectsaresubjectedtoascrutinywhollyinappropriatetotheirnature.Themostreliablewaytogetresearchfundsistopredicttheresearchresultsupfront,toguaranteelowriskoffailure,andtopresentaclearandcertainpathfromresultstogreatcommercialutility.

【答案】科學(xué)研究一項(xiàng)不確定的事業(yè)。就像任何探索過(guò)程一樣，我們不可能預(yù)測(cè)人們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)什么，或者它最終的效用是什么。研究-調(diào)查我們不知道的事情是整個(gè)重點(diǎn)。在其他行業(yè)，我們已經(jīng)掌握隨機(jī)現(xiàn)象的概念，這些現(xiàn)象不作為個(gè)體預(yù)測(cè)，而是可以作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)處理的。共同基金經(jīng)理不期望每一個(gè)投資都有同樣的回報(bào)，精算師們也不期望每個(gè)人都能精確地生活在預(yù)期壽命中。共同基金或保險(xiǎn)公司的全部目的是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)不可預(yù)測(cè)的實(shí)體組合，這些實(shí)體在總體收益率上是用于統(tǒng)計(jì)預(yù)測(cè)的。倘若有足夠大型的研究組合，以及有足夠的時(shí)間讓它們結(jié)出碩果，這種記錄是清晰的：科學(xué)是一項(xiàng)巨大的、非?？深A(yù)測(cè)的投資。

然而，政府或工業(yè)界的資助者并不是這樣看待科學(xué)的。因此，項(xiàng)目受到完全不符合其性質(zhì)的審查。獲得科研經(jīng)費(fèi)最可靠的途徑是提前預(yù)測(cè)研究成果，保證低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的失敗，并從研究成果向大商業(yè)應(yīng)用的角度說(shuō)明清晰、確定的路徑。

6.單選題

InthepopularWesternimagination,Indiacontinuestobeacountryinbackwardnessandpovertywithverylittletoshow______scientificinnovationortechnologicalachievement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forwantof

B.ingratitudeto

C.incontactwith

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)forwantof“因缺乏”；B選項(xiàng)ingratitudeto“對(duì)……感激”；C選項(xiàng)incontactwith“接觸，聯(lián)系”；D選項(xiàng)bywayof“通過(guò)，經(jīng)由”。句意：在西方人的普遍想象中，印度仍然是一個(gè)落后和貧窮的國(guó)家，沒(méi)有什么可展示的，______科技創(chuàng)新或技術(shù)成就。西方人認(rèn)為印度因?yàn)樵诳萍忌蠜](méi)有什么創(chuàng)新和成就，所以沒(méi)什么可拿出來(lái)看的，橫線處和withverylittletoshow屬于因果關(guān)系，A選項(xiàng)forwantof“因缺乏”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

（）thatnight.theuniongovernmentwouldhavebeenoverthrown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifhewereassassinated

B.Wereheassassinated

C.Hehadbeenassassinated

D.Hadhebeenassassinated

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在if虛擬條件句中，如果是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，則條件從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用would/could/should+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞形式。如果虛擬條件句中有were，had或should，則可以將if省略，將這幾個(gè)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗殺，那么聯(lián)邦政府可能就已經(jīng)被推翻了。故本題正確答案為D。

8.單選題

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax.asatellitefromthe

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite'scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshufflein1984.Max’sobservationsindicatethatthesolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.

Thesatellite'sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent，smallvariationsintheSun’senergyoutputgenerallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2.000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargegroups,in1980，forexample.SolarMax'sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timeslargerthantheEarth’ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed;however,bycomparingsolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“gas"and“dust”inline3?

3.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsbelievevariationsinthesolarconstantarerelatedto（）.

4.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

5.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth’satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theymagnifythesolarconstant.

B.Theyarefoundinvaryingconcentrations.

C.Scientificequipmentisminedbygasanddust

D.Theyinterferewithaccuratemeasurementofthesolarconstant.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sunspotactivity

B.unusualweatherpatterns

C.increasedlevelsofdust

D.fluctuationsintheEarth'stemperature

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax’sinstrumentwasgettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolar.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.anongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns