考研考博-英語-天府新區(qū)信息職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天府新區(qū)信息職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Henrywentthroughthedocumentsagaincarefullyforfearof（

）anyimportantdata.

問題1選項

A.relaying

B.overlooking

C.deleting

D.revealing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。空格前是介詞of，后面是名詞data，結合選項可知此處需要填入動名詞。A選項relay“傳達；轉發(fā)；轉播”；B選項overlook“忽略；俯瞰；遠眺”；C選項delete“刪除”；D選項reveal“顯示；透露；泄露”。句意：亨利又仔細地檢查了一遍文件，生怕……什么重要的數據。由“檢查文件”、“數據”等關鍵詞可知，此處應表示“生怕遺漏重要數據”。B選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Thelegislationofacountryrecentlyconsideredabilldesignedtoreducetheuncertaintyinherentintheownershipofartbyspecifyingcertainconditionsthatmustbemetbeforeanallegedlystolenworkofartcanbereclaimedofbyaplaintiff.Thebillplacestheburdenofproofinreclamationlitigationentirelyontheplaintiff,whomustdemonstratethattheholderofanitemknewatthetimeofpurchasethatithadbeenstolen.Additionally,thebillcreatesauniformnationalstatuteoflimitationsforreclamationofstolenculturalproperty.

Testifyinginsupportofthebill,JamesD.Burke,acitizenofthecountryandoneofitsleadingartmuseumdirectors,specificallypraisedtheinclusionofastatuteoflimitations;otherwise,hesaid,othercountriescouldseektoreclaimvaluableartobjects,nomatterhowlongtheyhavebeenheldbythecurrentownerorhowlegitimatelytheywereacquired.Anycountrycouldenactapatrimonylawstatingthatanythingevermadewithintheboundariesofthatcountryisitsculturalproperty.Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.

However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.Infact,theproposedlegislationwouldestablishtoomanyunjustifiablebarrierstothelocationandrecoveryofstolenobjects.Themainbarrieristhatthebillconsiderstheannouncementofanarttransactioninamuseumpublicationtobeadequateevidenceofanattempttonotifyapossibleowner.Therearefartoomanysuchpublicationsforthevictimofathefttosurvey,andwithonlythisformofdisclosure,astolenobjectcouldeasilyremaintheobjecttoascholarforverificationthatitisnotstolen,butitisarareacademicwhoisawareofanybutthemostpublicizedartthefts.Moreover,thetimelimitspecifiedbythestatuteoflimitationsisveryshort,andtherequirementthattheplaintiffdemonstratethattheholderhadknowledgeofthetheftisunrealistic.Typically,stolenartchangeshandsseveraltimesbeforerisingtothelevelinthemarketplacewhereacuratororcollectorwouldseeit.Atthatpoint,theobjectbearsnotraceoftheinitialtransactionbetweenthethiefandthefirstpurchaser,perhapstheonlyoneinthechainwhoknowinglyacquiredastolenworkofart.

Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.

51.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelysummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?

52.WhichoneofthefollowingisanexampleofthekindofactionthatBurkefearedwouldposeaseriousthreattomuseumsinhiscountry?

53.Accordingtothepassage,Burkeenvisagedthemostformidablepotentialadversariesofhiscountry’smuseumsinreclamationlitigationtobe______.

54.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardtheproposedbill?

55.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexemplifiesthesortoflegislationconsiderednecessarybytheauthorofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Variouslegaldisputeshaverecentlyarisenthatdemonstratetheneedforlegislationclarifyingthelegalpositionofmuseumsinsuitsinvolvingtherepossessionofculturalproperty.

B.Abillintendedtopreventothergovernmentsfromrecoveringculturalpropertywasrecentlyintroducedintothelegislatureofacountryatthebehestofitsmuseumdirectors.

C.Abillintendedtoprotectgood-faithpurchasersofworksofartfromreclamationlitigationisunnecessaryandfailstoaddresstheneedsoflegitimateownersattemptingtorecoverstolenartworks.

D.Clashesbetweenmuseumprofessionalsandmembersoftheacademiccommunityregardinggovernmentallegislationoftheartscanbestberesolvedbynegotiationandarbitration,notbylitigation.

問題2選項

A.Thepassageofalawbyanothercountryforbiddingthefutureexportofanyarchaeologicalobjectsuncoveredatsitswithinitsterritory.

B.Aninternationalaccordestablishingstrictcriteriafordeterminingwhetheraworkofartcanbeconsideredstolenandspecifyingthecircumstancesunderwhichitmustbereturnedtoitscountryoforigin.

C.Anincreaseintheacquisitionofculturallysignificantworksofartbyprivatecollectors,whoaremorecapablethanmuseumsofbearingthecostoflitigationbutwhorarelydisplaytheircollectionstothepublic.

D.Thepassageofalawbyanothercountrydeclaringthatallobjectscreatedbyitsaboriginalpeoplearethesolepropertyofthatcountry.

問題3選項

A.commercialdealersinart

B.lawenforcementofficialsinhisowncountry

C.privatecollectorsofart

D.governmentsofothercountries

問題4選項

A.Reasonedopposition

B.Measuredadvocacy

C.Fearfulapprehension

D.Impassionedsupport

問題5選項

A.Alawrequiringmuseumstonotifyforeigngovernmentsandculturalinstitutionsofallthecatalogsandscholarlyjournalsthattheypublish.

B.Alawrequiringthatacentralarchivebeestablishedforcollectinganddistributinginformationconcerningallreportedtheftsofculturalproperty.

C.Alawprovidingforthecreationofanationalwarehouseforstorageofworksofartthatarethesubjectoflitigation.

D.Alawinstitutinganationalfundforassistingmuseumstobeartheexpensesofdefendingthemselvesagainstreclamationsuits.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】51.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“以下哪個選項最準確地總結了文章的要點？”。通讀全文可知，文章的話題主要是討論一項新的法案對藝術作品持有者的保護和追回被盜物品方面的作用。通過文章最后一段的總結Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.（因此，新的立法保護藝術持有者的必要性并不明顯；相反，需要的是用立法彌補藝術品的合法擁有者和被盜藝術品的國家已經找到并收回被盜藝術品所面臨的困難），可以推斷新的立法保護藝術品持有者是沒有必要的，而是要去解決藝術品持有者或者國家在追回被盜藝術品種所面臨的困難和需求；所以C項“一項旨在保護藝術品善意購買者免受回收訴訟的法案是沒有必要的，而且未能解決試圖追回被盜藝術品的合法所有者的需求”正確。A項“最近出現的各種法律糾紛表明，在涉及收回文化財產的訴訟中，有必要立法澄清博物館的法律地位”，根據文章第二段最后一句Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.（伯克表達了一種擔憂，即廣泛的回收訴訟將導致博物館毀滅性的法律辯護費用）和第三段第一句However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.（然而，因為這樣的回收訴訟還沒有成為一個問題，伯克的擔心幾乎沒有根據）可知，A項不符合題意；B項“在一個國家博物館館長的要求下，一項旨在阻止其他國家政府收回文化財產的法案最近被提交到該國的立法機構”內容在文中沒有提到，B項錯誤；D項“博物館專業(yè)人員和學術團體成員之間關于政府對藝術品的立法的沖突最好通過談判和仲裁來解決，而不是通過訴訟”，文中也未提到該內容，D項不選。因此該題選C。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。題干的意思是“下面哪一個是伯克擔心會對他國家的博物館造成嚴重威脅的行為的例子？”。根據題干定位到文章第二段，第二句otherwise,hesaid,othercountriescouldseektoreclaimvaluableartobjects,nomatterhowlongtheyhavebeenheldbythecurrentownerorhowlegitimatelytheywereacquired.（他說，否則，其他國家可能會尋求收回有價值的藝術品，不管它們被當前所有者持有了多久，也不管它們獲得的合法性如何）和最后一句Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.（伯克表達了一種擔憂，即廣泛的回收訴訟將導致博物館毀滅性的法律辯護費用）有提到相關的內容，伯克贊同法案中包含的訴訟時效，因為超過了這個訴訟時效其他國家無法收回有價值的藝術品，不管這件藝術品的持有時間多長和合法性如何；不然的話，博物館就會花費巨大的法律辯護費用；D項“另一個國家通過一項法律，宣布其土著人民所創(chuàng)造的一切物品都是該國的唯一財產”，這一例子更能很好的描述題干的內容，所以D項符合題意。A項“另一個國家通過了一項法律，禁止未來出口任何在其領土內發(fā)現的考古物品”，文中沒有提到考古物品的內容；B項“一項國際協(xié)定，為確定一件藝術品是否可被認為是被盜的確定標準，并具體規(guī)定在何種情況下必須將其歸還原籍國”，內容與原文相反，原文中伯克贊同的是訴訟的時效性，一旦過了時效，不管是否合法持有其他國家都不能追回，B項錯誤；C項“私人收藏家對具有文化意義的藝術作品的購買增加，他們比博物館更有能力承擔訴訟費用，但他們很少向公眾展示他們的收藏”，文中沒有提到相關內容，C項不選。因此該題選D。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。題干的意思是“根據文章，伯克設想他的國家博物館在回收訴訟中最可怕的潛在對手將是……”。根據文章第二段最后兩句話Anycountrycouldenactapatrimonylawstatingthatanythingevermadewithintheboundariesofthatcountryisitsculturalproperty.Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.（任何國家都可以頒布一項遺產法，規(guī)定任何在該國境內做出的東西都是其文化財產；伯克表達了一種擔憂，即廣泛的回收訴訟將導致博物館毀滅性的法律辯護費用）可知，國家博物館在回收訴訟中最可怕的潛在對手將是其他國家的政府，因此D項“其他國家政府”正確。A項“藝術商人”，根據第三段第五句Moreover,thetimelimitspecifiedbythestatuteoflimitationsisveryshort,andtherequirementthattheplaintiffdemonstratethattheholderhadknowledgeofthetheftisunrealistic.Typically,stolenartchangeshandsseveraltimesbeforerisingtothelevelinthemarketplacewhereacuratororcollectorwouldseeit.（此外，訴訟時效規(guī)定的期限很短，要求原告證明持有人知曉盜竊行為的要求也不現實；通常情況下，被偷的藝術品會幾經易手，才會在市場上升至館長或收藏家能看到的水平）可知，因為有不同的經手藝術品的商人，所以原告在證明持有人知曉盜竊行為方面會有困難，這不是博物館在訴訟中的潛在對手，A項不選；B項“他自己國家的執(zhí)法人員”和C項“私人藝術品收藏家”也不是國家博物館在回收訴訟中最可怕的潛在對手。因此該題選D。

54.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干的意思是“下列哪一項最好地描述了作者對提案的態(tài)度？”。根據題干定位到文章最后一段第一句Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.（因此，新的立法保護藝術持有者的必要性并不明顯），從notobvious可以看出作者對該提案的態(tài)度是理性的反對，所以A項“理性的反對”符合題意。B項“慎重的擁護”和D項“慷慨激昂的支持”錯誤；C項“可怕的憂慮”有點過度解讀。因此該題選A。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“下列哪個選項最好地說明了文章作者認為有必要的那一類立法？”。根據最后一段Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.（相反，需要的是用立法彌補藝術品的合法擁有者和被盜藝術品的國家已經找到并收回被盜藝術品的困難）可知，作者認為建立一項幫助藝術品合法擁有者和擁有國家找到并收回被盜品的法案是有必要的，所以B項“要求建立中央檔案，收集和分發(fā)有關所有已報告的文化財產盜竊的資料的一項法律”符合題意。A項“要求博物館將其出版的所有目錄和學術期刊通知外國政府和文化機構的一項法律”，內容與原文無關，A項不選；C項“規(guī)定建立國家倉庫以儲存作為訴訟主體的藝術品的一項法律”，儲存作為訴訟主體的藝術品與幫助藝術品合法擁有者和擁有國家找到并收回被盜品不相干，C項錯誤；D項“設立國家基金，以協(xié)助博物館承擔在回收訴訟中自衛(wèi)的費用的一項法律”，根據第三段第一句However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.（然而，因為這樣的回收訴訟還沒有成為一個問題，伯克的擔心幾乎沒有根據）可知，關于廣泛的回收訴訟還沒有成為一個問題，設立國家基金是沒有必要的，所以D項不選。因此該題選B。

3.單選題

Noverysatisfactoryaccountofthemechanismthatcausedtheformationoftheoceanbasinshasyetbeengiven.Thetraditionalviewsupposesthattheuppermantleoftheearthbehavesasaliquidwhenitissubjectedtosmallforcesforlongperiodsandthatdifferencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinentsaresufficienttoproduceconvectioninthemantleoftheearthwithrisingconvectioncurrentsunderthemid-oceanridgesandsinkingcurrentsunderthecontinents.Theoretically,thisconvectionwouldcarrythecontinentalplatesalongasthoughtheywereonaconveyorbeltandwouldprovidetheforcesneededtoproducethesplitthatoccursalongtheridge.Thisviewmaybecorrect:ithastheadvantagethatthecurrentsaredrivenbytemperaturedifferencesthatthemselvesdependonthepositionofthecontinents.Suchaback-coupling,inwhichthepositionofthemovingplatehasanimpactontheforcesthatmoveit,couldproducecomplicatedandvaryingmotions.

Ontheotherhand,thetheoryisimplausiblebecauseconvectiondoesnotnormallyoccuralonglines,anditcertainlydoesnotoccuralonglinesbrokenbyfrequentoffsetsorchangesindirection,astheridgeis.AlsoitisdifficulttoseehowthetheoryappliestotheplatebetweentheMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheridgeintheIndianOcean.Thisplateisgrowingonbothsides,andsincethereisnointermediatetrench,thetworidgesmustbemovingapart.Itwouldbeoddiftherisingconvectioncurrentskeptexactpacewiththem.Analternativetheoryisthatthesinkingpartoftheplate,whichisdenserthanthehottersurroundingmantle,pullstherestoftheplateafterit.AgainitisdifficulttoseehowthisappliestotheridgeintheSouthAtlantic,whereneithertheAfricannortheAmericanplatehasasinkingpart.

Anotherpossibilityisthatthesinkingplatecoolstheneighboringmantleandproducesconvectioncurrentsthatmovetheplates.Thislasttheoryisattractivebecauseitgivessomehopeofexplainingtheenclosedseas,suchastheSeaofJapan.Theseseashaveatypicaloceanicfloor,exceptthatthefloorisoverlaidbyseveralkilometersofsediment.Theirfloorshaveprobablybeensinkingforlongperiods.Itseemspossiblethatasinkingcurrentofcooledmantlematerialontheuppersideoftheplatemightbethecauseofsuchdeepbasins.Theenclosedseasareanimportantfeatureoftheearth’ssurface,andseriouslyrequireexplanationinbecause,additiontotheenclosedseasthataredevelopingatpresentbehindislandarcs,thereareanumberofolderonesofpossiblysimilarorigin,suchastheGulfofMexico,theBlackSea,andperhapstheNorthSea.

26.Accordingtothetraditionalviewoftheoriginoftheoceanbasins,whichofthefollowingissufficienttomovethecontinentalplates?

27.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,ofthefollowing,thedeepestsedimentswouldbefoundinthe（）.

28.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingareseparatedbyaplatethatisgrowingonbothsides?

29.Theauthorrefersto"conveyerbelt"inSentence3,Paragraph1,inorderto（）.

30.Whichofthefollowingtitleswouldbestdescribethecontentofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Increasesinsedimentationonoceanfloors.

B.Spreadingofoceantrenches.

C.Movementofmid-oceanridges.

D.Differencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinents.

問題2選項

A.IndianOcean

B.BlackSea

C.Mid-Atlantic

D.SouthAtlantic

問題3選項

A.ThePacificOceanandtheSeaofJapan.

B.TheSouthAtlanticRidgeandtheNorthSeaRidge.

C.TheGulfofMexicoandtheSouthAtlanticRidge.

D.TheMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheIndianOceanRidge.

問題4選項

A.illustratetheeffectsofconvectioninthemantle

B.showhowtemperaturedifferencesdependonthepositionsofthecontinents

C.demonstratethelinearnatureoftheMid-AtlanticRidge

D.describethecomplicatedmotionsmadepossiblebyback-coupling

問題5選項

A.ADescriptionoftheOceansoftheWorld

B.SeveralTheoriesofOceanBasinFormation

C.TheTraditionalViewoftheOceans

D.ConvectionandOceanCurrents

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】26.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干中的traditionalview，將信息點定位為第一段第二句。Thetraditionalviewsupposesthattheuppermantleoftheearthbehavesasaliquidwhenitissubjectedtosmallforcesforlongperiodsandthatdifferencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinentsaresufficienttoproduceconvectioninthemantleoftheearthwithrisingconvectioncurrentsunderthemid-oceanridgesandsinkingcurrentsunderthecontinents.（傳統(tǒng)觀點認為，地球上地幔長期受小力量作用時表現為液體，海洋和大陸下的溫差足以產生地幔對流，大洋中脊下對流上升，大陸下對流下降。）從而得出本題答案。

27.細節(jié)推斷題。根據題干中的sediments，將信息點定位為最后一段第三句。Theseseashaveatypicaloceanicfloor,exceptthatthefloorisoverlaidbyseveralkilometersofsediment.（這些海洋有一個典型的海底，只是海底覆蓋著幾公里長的沉積物。）通過對比答案與尾段內容，答案為尾段尾句的BlackSea。從而得出本題答案。

28.

細節(jié)事實題。根據題干中的plate,isgrowingonbothsides，將信息點定位為第二段第三句。Thisplateisgrowingonbothsides,andsincethereisnointermediatetrench,thetworidgesmustbemovingapart.此句中的this指代前一句的theMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheridgeintheIndianOcean。從而得出本題答案。

29.

語義題。根據題干的提示，將信息點定位為第一段第三句。Theoretically,thisconvectionwouldcarrythecontinentalplatesalongasthoughtheywereonaconveyorbeltandwouldprovidetheforcesneededtoproducethesplitthatoccursalongtheridge.第一段用很長的句子來描述地球表層的運動，緊接著用conveyorbelt來描述運動的結果。從而得出本題答案。

30.

主旨題。文章第一段第一句為全文的主題句，Noverysatisfactoryaccountofthemechanismthatcausedtheformationoftheoceanbasinshasyetbeengiven.（關于造成海洋盆地形成的機理，至今還沒有一個非常令人滿意的解釋。）說明文章的內容，即：關于oceanbasins形成的不同學說。從而得出本題答案。

4.單選題

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds，catarrhs（黏膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中風）.The

suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.

5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

問題2選項

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell

問題3選項

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

問題4選項

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers

問題5選項

A.Practical.

B.Satirical.

C.Humorous.

D.Exaggerated.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段最后一句，“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”，可知男孩女孩們都知道，大家越是團結在一起，發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭的機會就越大，選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段，“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”，可知沒有人預見到鐵路是發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭機會越來越多的原因。選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段第二句，“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”，可知火車對人體健康是最危險的。選項A可排除。根據文章第二段第三句，“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”，可知噪音和眩光對人的神經有影響，選項B可排除。根據第二段第四句，“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”，可知對人體肺部也有影響，選項C排除。選項D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據文章第一段，“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”，可知人們沒有預見鐵路是敵軍快速移動的一種方式，可推斷出作者提出了火車的不好，表明了自己反對鐵路的立場，所以他是反鐵路組織的一員。選項A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。文章第二段提到了火車會對身體健康等各方面帶來危害，最后一段還舉到了一位作家對火車描述的例子，可見作者是運用了諷刺的語氣來描寫的。選項B符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

Scientificresearchisbynatureanuncertainundertaking.Likeanyexploratoryprocess,itisnotpossibletopredictwhatonewillfindorwhatitseventualutilitymightbe.Thatisthewholepointofresearch-investigatingwhatwedonotknow.Inotherwalksoflifewehavecometogripswiththenotionofstochasticphenomenathatarenotindividuallypredictable,butcanbetackledasagroup.Mutualfundmanagersdonotexpecteveryinvestmenttohavethesamereturn,nordoactuariesexpecteverypersontolivepreciselytothelifeexpectancy.Thewholepointofamutualfund,oraninsurancecompany,istocreateaportfolioofunpredictableentitiesthatintheaggregateyieldtostatisticalprediction.Givenasufficientlylargeportfolioofresearchprojects,andenoughtimetobringthemtofruition,thetrackrecordisclear:Scienceisatremendous,andverypredictable,investment.

Yetthisisnothowscienceisviewedbythosewhofunditingovernmentorindustry.Therefore,projectsaresubjectedtoascrutinywhollyinappropriatetotheirnature.Themostreliablewaytogetresearchfundsistopredicttheresearchresultsupfront,toguaranteelowriskoffailure,andtopresentaclearandcertainpathfromresultstogreatcommercialutility.

【答案】科學研究一項不確定的事業(yè)。就像任何探索過程一樣，我們不可能預測人們會發(fā)現什么，或者它最終的效用是什么。研究-調查我們不知道的事情是整個重點。在其他行業(yè)，我們已經掌握隨機現象的概念，這些現象不作為個體預測，而是可以作為一個整體來處理的。共同基金經理不期望每一個投資都有同樣的回報，精算師們也不期望每個人都能精確地生活在預期壽命中。共同基金或保險公司的全部目的是創(chuàng)建一個不可預測的實體組合，這些實體在總體收益率上是用于統(tǒng)計預測的。倘若有足夠大型的研究組合，以及有足夠的時間讓它們結出碩果，這種記錄是清晰的：科學是一項巨大的、非?？深A測的投資。

然而，政府或工業(yè)界的資助者并不是這樣看待科學的。因此，項目受到完全不符合其性質的審查。獲得科研經費最可靠的途徑是提前預測研究成果，保證低風險的失敗，并從研究成果向大商業(yè)應用的角度說明清晰、確定的路徑。

6.單選題

InthepopularWesternimagination,Indiacontinuestobeacountryinbackwardnessandpovertywithverylittletoshow______scientificinnovationortechnologicalachievement.

問題1選項

A.forwantof

B.ingratitudeto

C.incontactwith

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項forwantof“因缺乏”；B選項ingratitudeto“對……感激”；C選項incontactwith“接觸，聯系”；D選項bywayof“通過，經由”。句意：在西方人的普遍想象中，印度仍然是一個落后和貧窮的國家，沒有什么可展示的，______科技創(chuàng)新或技術成就。西方人認為印度因為在科技上沒有什么創(chuàng)新和成就，所以沒什么可拿出來看的，橫線處和withverylittletoshow屬于因果關系，A選項forwantof“因缺乏”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

（）thatnight.theuniongovernmentwouldhavebeenoverthrown.

問題1選項

A.Ifhewereassassinated

B.Wereheassassinated

C.Hehadbeenassassinated

D.Hadhebeenassassinated

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在if虛擬條件句中，如果是對過去情況的虛擬，則條件從句中謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句用would/could/should+have+動詞過去分詞形式。如果虛擬條件句中有were，had或should，則可以將if省略，將這幾個詞提到主語之前，構成主謂倒裝。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗殺，那么聯邦政府可能就已經被推翻了。故本題正確答案為D。

8.單選題

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax.asatellitefromthe

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite'scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshufflein1984.Max’sobservationsindicatethatthesolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.

Thesatellite'sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent，smallvariationsintheSun’senergyoutputgenerallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2.000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargegroups,in1980，forexample.SolarMax'sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timeslargerthantheEarth’ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed;however,bycomparingsolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“gas"and“dust”inline3?

3.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsbelievevariationsinthesolarconstantarerelatedto（）.

4.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

5.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth’satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

問題2選項

A.Theymagnifythesolarconstant.

B.Theyarefoundinvaryingconcentrations.

C.Scientificequipmentisminedbygasanddust

D.Theyinterferewithaccuratemeasurementofthesolarconstant.

問題3選項

A.sunspotactivity

B.unusualweatherpatterns

C.increasedlevelsofdust

D.fluctuationsintheEarth'stemperature

問題4選項

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax’sinstrumentwasgettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolar.

問題5選項

A.anongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns