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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林建筑科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Certainlynoonecouldhavepredictedthatatinywormwouldmakepossiblesuchfar-reaching()intotheverynatureoflife.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.understanding
B.perception
C.insights
D.inquiry
【答案】C
【解析】understanding理解;perception洞察力;insights深刻見解;inquiry探究,調(diào)查。句意:當(dāng)然,沒有人能預(yù)料到,一條微小的蠕蟲能讓我們對(duì)生命的本質(zhì)有如此深遠(yuǎn)的了解。insightinto為固定搭配。選項(xiàng)C正確。
2.單選題
Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingothersandfightingeachother.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hardlyactive
B.relativelyactive
C.extremelyinactive
D.pathologicallyactive
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。hyperactive在句中是“過分活躍”,A選項(xiàng)hardlyactive“幾乎不活躍”;B選項(xiàng)relativelyactive“相對(duì)活躍”extremelyinactive“極度不活躍”;D選項(xiàng)pathologicallyactive“病態(tài)性活躍”。只有D項(xiàng)最符合。句意:其他不占優(yōu)勢(shì)的男性則是過度活躍;他們比正常人活躍得多,追逐他人,互相爭(zhēng)斗。根據(jù)各選項(xiàng)詞義,選D。
3.單選題
Theterm“evaluation”,sometimescalled“institutional”inhighereducation,hasadifferentconnotationfrom“measurement”and“assessment”asdefinedhere.Theprocessofdate-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructsistypicallyfollowedbymorecomplexactivitiesofaddingsomeinterpretivevalueandjudgmentstotheinformationthatisgenerated.Thislatterprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurement/assessmentinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.Forexample,ifanindividual’sexaminationscoreis76,isitworthan“A”ora“B”grade?Shouldtheindividualbepromotedtothenextlevelofanundergraduatedegreeprogram?Theprocessbywhichstandardsandcriteriaareappliedtomakesuchdecisionsiscalledevaluation.Evaluations,thus,aremotivatedbyandcloselytiedtostakeholderneedsforinformationthatspeaktoparticulareducationalpracticeorpolicyconcerns.
Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.Formativeevaluationeffortsaredesignedforcontinuousqualityimprovementofparticularinstitutionalunits,suchasadepartment,school,program,orindividualstaff/facultyandstudents.Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedfromtheoutsidebygovernmentagencies,states,upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators,andaccreditingbodiesthatareinterestedinmakingjudgmentsonwhetheracollegeoruniversitysystemiseffective.
Formativeevaluationsimplyfeedbackloops;resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,refinementsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.Anassumptionisthatallunitsinanorganizationstriveforexcellence,andthatongoingdatagenerationwillinformthedevelopmentandprogressofvariousunitsandtheinstitutionasawhole.Forexample,individualfacultyandprogramsmaywishtouseresultsofstudentoutcomesassessmentformativelytoimproveteachingmethodsorprovideaddedlearningsupportstounder-preparedstudents.
Forassessmentinformationtobeusefulinaformativeway,evaluationresearchers/usershavetobeabletoexplainthecausalmechanismsandchainofevents/actionsthatledtotheresults:IfwefailedtogetoutcomeYinthisprogram,whatshouldhavehappenedthatfailedtohappen?Fordiagnosticutilityintheinformation,therehastobeafocusonmeasuringnotjustoutcomes,butalsotheprecedingactivities(processes)andexpectedresources(inputs).
Attheinstitutionallevel,summativeevaluationsandassociateddecisionsofteninvolveaccountabilityactions,resourceallocationsorwithdrawalofresources,impositionofsanctions,institutionalaccreditation,orrecognition/rewardsforindividuals,programsortheinstitution.Forindividualstudents,summativeevaluationscaninvolveplacementoradmissionintoselectiveprogramsbasedonadmissionstesting,suchasbasedonscoredoftheSAT(previouslytheScholasticAssessmentTest).Forfaculty,theycaninvolvegrantingoftenure,meritrecognitions,andrelatedpayraisesorpromotions.
1.Howcan“data-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructs”inthefirstparagraphbeprocessed?
2.SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedbythefollowingelementsEXCEPT().
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutevaluation?
4.Thehighlightedword“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto().
5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthewholepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Viaparticulareducationalpracticeorpolicyconcerns.
B.Viaappropriatemeasuringorassessmenttools.
C.Viaobjectiveassumptions.
D.Viainterpretationandjudgments.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.individualstaff/facultyandstudents
B.accreditingbodiesthatareinterestedinmakingjudgmentsonwhetheracollegeoruniversitysystemiseffective.
C.governmentagencies.
D.upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurementinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.
B.Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.
C.Forformativeevaluations,resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,reflectionsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.
D.Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.selectiveprograms
B.admissions
C.summativeevaluations
D.individualstudents
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Assessment
B.AssessmentandEvaluation
C.FormativeEvaluation
D.Evaluation
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“Theprocessofdate-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructsistypicallyfollowedbymorecomplexactivitiesofaddingsomeinterpretivevalueandjudgmentstotheinformationthatisgenerated.”,可知數(shù)據(jù)收集和評(píng)分、編碼或?qū)x定的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)的過程通常會(huì)伴隨著更復(fù)雜的活動(dòng),即為生成的信息添加一些解釋價(jià)值和判斷??膳袛喑鲂枰ㄟ^解釋和判斷對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)收集和評(píng)分、編碼或?qū)x定的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedfromtheoutsidebygovernmentagencies,states,upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators,andaccreditingbodies…”,可知在美國,總結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)通常是由外部刺激而成的,包括政府機(jī)構(gòu)、州、高級(jí)學(xué)院/大學(xué)管理人員和認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)。所以文中沒有提及教職員及學(xué)生。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“Thislatterprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurement/assessmentinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.”,可知選項(xiàng)A正確,可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.”,可知選項(xiàng)B正確,可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段,“Formativeevaluationsimplyfeedbackloops;resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,refinementsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.”,可知C選項(xiàng)中reflections不符合文意。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.”,可知選項(xiàng)D正確,可排除。綜上,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。上文舉了制度層面和單個(gè)學(xué)生等的具體實(shí)例來說明和闡述了總結(jié)性評(píng)估涉及的領(lǐng)域,所以最后一句中的they就是代指上文提到的summativeevaluations。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
5.主旨題??v觀全文,第一段提到了“評(píng)估”的概念和定義,第二段主要講到了評(píng)估的類型和影響因素,第四段著重介紹了格式化評(píng)估的方式和特點(diǎn),最后一段繼續(xù)講到了評(píng)估涉及的方面和領(lǐng)域。所以整篇文章都在圍繞“評(píng)估”這個(gè)中心詞展開。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
4.單選題
Thegroupoftechniciansareengagedinastudywhich(
)allaspectsofurbanplanning.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inserts
B.grips
C.performs
D.embraces
【答案】D
【解析】句意:這組技術(shù)人員正忙于一項(xiàng)涉及到城市規(guī)劃所有方面的研究。
動(dòng)詞辨析。Insert插入,嵌入;grip抓住,緊握;perform執(zhí)行,完成;embrace擁抱,包含。故D符合句意。
5.單選題
Thatthematerialintheadsmaynotbepertinenttotherealissuesthecandidatewillbeaddressingonceinofficeorwhattheymightdoontherealissuestheymightfaceis().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.atallpoints
B.besidethepoint
C.uptoapoint
D.tothepoint
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配。atallpoints“在各方面”;besidethepoint“不中肯,離題”;uptoapoint“在一定程度上”;tothepoint“中肯”。句意:廣告中的內(nèi)容可能與候選人在正式會(huì)議上要討論的真正問題無關(guān),或者與在他們可能面臨的真正問題所處理的事情也不相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
6.單選題
IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime______thelastbus.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tohavecaught
B.tocatch
C.catching
D.havingcaught
【答案】B
【解析】考查目的狀語。在整個(gè)句子中,過去時(shí)態(tài)體現(xiàn)在謂語動(dòng)詞上,根據(jù)語境,沒有時(shí)間趕上最后一班公交車,表明橫線部分為目的狀語,不需要體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài),所以A選項(xiàng)tohavecaught和D選項(xiàng)havingcaught不符合題意,同時(shí)sb.havetime后面的目的狀語用todo,所以B選項(xiàng)tocatch符合題意。C選項(xiàng)catching表示伴隨狀態(tài),不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Heisquitesurethatit’s(
)impossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.absolutely
B.exclusively
C.fully
D.roughly
【答案】A
【解析】副詞辨析題。absolutely絕對(duì)地,完全地;exclusively唯一地,專有地;fully充分地,徹底地;roughly粗糙地,概略地。
句意:他很確定他絕對(duì)不可能在兩天內(nèi)完成這個(gè)任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
8.單選題
WhenIwentintothediningroomthenextmorning,the(
)ofthedinnerwerestillonthetable.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.remains
B.relies
C.remnants
D.surplus
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。remain“遺跡,剩余物”;rely“依靠”;remnant“剩余”;surplus“剩余;順差”。句意:當(dāng)我第二天早上去餐廳時(shí),昨天晚餐剩下的東西還在桌上。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
9.填空題
Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth:Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillions(1)areoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresources(2)fromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.
Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythan(3)expendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowin(4)value,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.
Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefar
morethantheyneed(5)irony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,most
adultsofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompete(6)salesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaigns(7)towardchildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothink(8)anymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainly(9)theagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployamidesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibit(10).
A.splendid
B.elegant
C.snobbish
D.prudent
A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily
B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits
C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily
D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily
A.marryingformoney
B.robbingone'swife
C.makingfortunes
D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers
A.brag
B.possess
C.arrange
D.pluck
A.detached
B.positive
C.cynical
D.liberal
【答案】1.more
2.away
3.is
4.nutritional
5.another
6.for
7.directed
8.of
9.not
10.overeating
【解析】1.考查前后邏輯??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒?dāng)成千上萬的人由于經(jīng)濟(jì)不平衡、政治腐敗和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而餓肚子時(shí),還有成千上萬的人超重。前后進(jìn)行對(duì)比,說明超重的人更多,所以more符合題意。
2.考查固定搭配。divertaway“轉(zhuǎn)移”??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵悍逝质且粋€(gè)世界性的普遍現(xiàn)象,它對(duì)大人孩子都有影響,它迫使除了最貧窮的國家外的所有國家把稀有資源從食品安全上轉(zhuǎn)移到了照顧患有可預(yù)防的心臟病和糖尿病的人們。
3.考查動(dòng)詞的用法。空格處所在句子的句意是:超重源于攝入的食物能量超過了被消耗的能量。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,為了避免重復(fù),than后面省略了energythat,完整的句子應(yīng)該是energythatisexpended。
4.考查前后邏輯??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儼丫哂邢M(fèi)水平的人變?yōu)榀偪褓徺I食物的消費(fèi)者,這些食物通常能量很高,營養(yǎng)價(jià)值很低。nutritional符合題意。
5.考查前后邏輯??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵捍送?,食物被過量生產(chǎn),尤其是發(fā)達(dá)國家擁有的食物遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過他們所需要的食物--這又是一件具有諷刺意義的事。前面已經(jīng)提到過一件諷刺的事thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity,因此another符合題意。
6.考查動(dòng)詞短語。空格處所在句子的句意為:過量的食物使各大公司為銷售而進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。competefor“為……而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。
7.考查后置定語??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵焊鞔蠊緸榱烁?jìng)爭(zhēng),采用的手段有:廣告,健康宣言,推出新產(chǎn)品,加量包裝,還有直接針對(duì)孩子的活動(dòng)??崭裉幩诘膯卧~顯然是用來修飾campaigns這個(gè)單詞的,應(yīng)該填一個(gè)過去分詞來作后置定語,directtoward表示針對(duì)……。
8.考查固定搭配。thinkof“想出”。
9.考查前后邏輯??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵恨r(nóng)業(yè)、食品、雜貨店、飯店、減肥業(yè)或制藥業(yè)都不會(huì)獲益。所以此處是一個(gè)否定的意思,not符合題意。
10.考查動(dòng)詞的用法??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝藗兂缘枚鄷r(shí),所有行業(yè)都會(huì)發(fā)展繁榮,所有行業(yè)都花錢請(qǐng)游說者去勸政府不要采取任何措施禁止過度飲食(overeat)。Inhibitdoingsth.“禁止做某事”。
10.問答題
Ambition,(A)asopposedtomerefantasizingaboutdesires,impliesworkanddisciplinetoachievegoals,personalandsocialofakind(B)societycansurvivewithout.Ambition(C)isintimatelyconnectedwithfamily,formenandwomennotonlyworkpartyfortheirfamilies,but(D)harborsomeoftheirmostardentambitionsfortheirchildren.
【答案】B;改成societycannotsurvivewithout。
11.單選題
Oncethevice-chancellorofauniversityis(
),hebeginshistermofoffice.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.launched
B.commenced
C.inaugurated
D.initiated
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。launch意為“發(fā)射”;commence意為“開始,著手”;inaugurate意為“為(某人)舉行就職典禮,啟動(dòng),開創(chuàng)”;initiate意為“開始,發(fā)起”。
句意:大學(xué)副校長就職典禮一旦舉行,他就開始了任期。
12.單選題
Electriceelsusechargesto______preyandalsostunthembeforetheyeatthem.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.examine
B.detect
C.determine
D.search
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)examine“檢查”;B選項(xiàng)detect“探測(cè)”;C選項(xiàng)determine“決定”;D選項(xiàng)search“搜索”。句意:電鰻利用電荷探測(cè)獵物,并在吃掉獵物之前把它們打暈。本句表示探測(cè)獵物。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
13.翻譯題
Shoppingwasstressfulformen.Insomecases,whenwelookedatheartrateandbloodpressure,wesawsomethingyou’dexpecttoseeinfighterpilotsgoingintocombatorpolicemengoingintodangeroussituations.
Guy-modeshoppingisnotcompatiblewithfemaleshopping.Femaleshoppinginvolveslong-terminteractionwithcrowdsofpeoplewhodon’treallyknowwhattheywant,orwheretheywanttogo.Nomancanstandmuchofthis.Wemenareallaboutcompletion—gettingin,gettingthejobdone,andgettingout.
Here’showI’veshopped:1.DecideonthethingIwant.2.Callaroundtofindanearlydesertedstorethathasthething.3.Gotothestore.4.Walkdirectlytothething.5.Buyit.6.Getitwrapped.7.Peelout.
Lastyear,IboughtwifeBrendaacoffeepotforChristmas.Thewholeprocess,doortodoor,tookabout15minutes.Still,Iwasshakingwhenitwasover.
Aguymakesaplan,carriesitoutandexits.Wedon’twander,wedon’tbrowse,andwedon’tdoawholelotofcomparing.Ifwesaywe’regoingwindowshopping,youcanexpectustocomehomewithawindow.Mostofthemenadmittedthattheywouldchoosethefirstgifttheysaw,ratherthanspendtimeincrowdedstores.
Let’sseehowDavidbuyscars:Hecallsdowntothecarlotandtellshissalesmantostartdrivingcarsbyhisofficewindow.IfDaviddoesn’tlikeacar,hejustwavesthesalesmanon.Ifacarcatcheshiseye,Davidholdsuphishand.Thesalesmanpullsover.Davidwalksoutandexaminesthecarupclose.Ifhestilllikesthecarafterfiveminutes,hewritesacheck.
【答案】購物對(duì)男人來說是有壓力的。在一些情況下,當(dāng)我們觀察心率和血壓時(shí),我們看到了一些你會(huì)在戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)飛行員進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)斗或警察進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)的情況下看到的一種狀態(tài)。
男性模式的購物與女性不同。女性購物需要與一群不知道自己想要什么、想去哪里的人進(jìn)行長期互動(dòng)。而這些男人無法忍受。我們男人都是為了達(dá)到目標(biāo)——達(dá)到目標(biāo),然后離開。
這是我購物的方式:1.確定我想買的東西;2.打電話到附近找一家?guī)缀鯖]人的商店,并且這個(gè)商店有這個(gè)東西;3.去這個(gè)商店;4.直接找到此商品;5.購買;6.包裝好;7.離開。
去年,我給妻子買了個(gè)咖啡壺作為圣誕禮物。一個(gè)一個(gè)商店地逛,整個(gè)過程花了15分鐘。結(jié)束時(shí)我仍然在發(fā)抖。
男人購物會(huì)制定計(jì)劃,實(shí)施計(jì)劃然后結(jié)束離開。我們不會(huì)閑逛、不會(huì)多瀏覽,也不會(huì)做大量的比較。如果我們說我們要去逛街看櫥窗,你可以指望我們帶著一扇窗回家。大多數(shù)男性承認(rèn),他們會(huì)選擇他們看到的第一件禮物,而不是花時(shí)間在擁擠的商店里。
我們來看一下David是如何買汽車的:他打電話到汽車展銷中心,告訴他的銷售員開始在他辦公室的窗戶旁駕駛汽車。如果大衛(wèi)不喜歡汽車,他就向銷售員揮手示意。如果一輛汽車引起了他的注意,大衛(wèi)就會(huì)舉起手來。銷售員把車停在路邊。大衛(wèi)走過去,近距離檢查汽車。如果五分鐘后他還喜歡這輛車,他就會(huì)開支票買下來。
14.翻譯題
舞獅是中國最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首,在中國傳統(tǒng)中,獅子被視為是能帶來好運(yùn)的吉祥物(mascot)。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身,能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù)人類。據(jù)記載,獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代,獅舞就己經(jīng)被引入了皇室,因此,舞獅成為元宵節(jié)和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗,人們以此來祈禱好運(yùn)、平安和幸福。
【答案】LiondanceisoneofthemostpopularfolkdancesinChina.Thelionisthekingofanimals.InChinesetradition,thelionisregardedasamascot,whichcanbringgoodluck.Theancientsawthelionastheembodimentofcourageandstrength,whichcoulddriveawayevilandprotecthumanbeings.Itisrecordedthattheliondancehasahistoryofmorethan2,000years.Inthetangdynasty,theliondancewasintroducedintotheroyalfamily.Therefore,performingtheliondanceattheLanternFestivalandotherfestiveoccasionsbecameacustomwherepeoplecouldprayforgoodluck,safetyandhappiness.
15.單選題
Itisrather(
)thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.misleading
B.boring
C.embarrassing
D.demanding
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)misleading“誤導(dǎo)性的”;B選項(xiàng)boring“無聊的,無趣的”;C選項(xiàng)embarrassing“使人尷尬的,令人為難的”;D選項(xiàng)demanding“要求高的,要求極嚴(yán)的”。句中的it為形式主語,that引導(dǎo)主語從句,由“westilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday(我們?nèi)匀徊恢澜裉焓澜缟嫌卸嗌俜N物種)”可知C選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意:我們現(xiàn)在還不知道世界上有多少物種,這是相當(dāng)令人尷尬的。
16.單選題
Themousethatusedtopilferfromourpantrywascaughtbyagiantcatatlast.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.felicitate
B.filch
C.fray
D.flout
【答案】B
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.felicitate慶賀,慶祝B.filch竊取,偷竊
C.fray磨損,緊張D.flout藐視,無視,嘲笑
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞mouse(老鼠)和pantry(食品儲(chǔ)藏室)可推測(cè),劃線單詞pilfer的意思是“偷”。因此,B選項(xiàng)含義與劃線部分詞義最為接近,故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。
【句意】那只經(jīng)常偷食的老鼠終于被一只大貓逮住了。
17.單選題
Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”
Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastfort,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.
Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggestthatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.
Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximateAD1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsame8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld'spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.
1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelongthinpowderfuseanalogy?
2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause(
).
3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?
4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto
(
).
5.Theword“demographic”inthefirstparagraphmeans(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.
B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.
C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.
D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40.
B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces.
C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions
D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000
B.About50,000babiesarebomeverysixhoursatpresent.
C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.
D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture
B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650
C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears
D.presentusaclearandcompletepictureofthedemographicgrowth
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.statisticsofhuman
B.surroundingsstudy
C.accumulationofhuman
D.developmentofhuman
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thelongthinpowderfuseanalogy定位至第一段:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增長比作“一根細(xì)長的火藥引信,它以平穩(wěn)的速度緩慢燃燒,直到爆炸”,這種類比是完全正確的)。故選A。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞societieswereoftenindangerofextinction定位至第二段:Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates(通常,社會(huì)明顯面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn),因?yàn)樗劳雎矢哂诔錾?。故選B。
3.判斷推理題。最后一段:Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhas
increasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld(從1650年到現(xiàn)在,人口總量從5億增加到了40億。并且預(yù)計(jì)到2000年,全世界人口總量將達(dá)到62億)。因此A項(xiàng)符合原文。
4.作者意圖題。作者首先指出了人口增長的現(xiàn)狀,然后詳細(xì)回顧了歷史上人口統(tǒng)計(jì)特征及原因。故選D。
5.詞義題。“demographic”所在句:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthtoalong,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增長比作“一根細(xì)長的火藥引信,它以平穩(wěn)的速度緩慢燃燒,直到爆炸”,這種類比是完全正確的)。而且,文章是以人口增長為討論話題。因此,此題選A。
18.單選題
Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby"drugs”thataren'treallydrugsatall(
)sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.orrather
B.orratherthan
C.butrather
D.butratherthan
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。no...butrather...“不是…而是…”固定搭配。句意:有時(shí)候能幫助緩解病人劇痛的不是真正意義上的藥物,而是不含任何化學(xué)成分的糖衣片。答案C
19.單選題
Theoldmanwaskindand______enoughtohelpthechildrencrossthestreet.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.timid
B.lively
C.gracious
D.graceful
【答案】C
【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)timid“羞怯的”;B選項(xiàng)lively“活潑的;充滿趣味的,熱烈的”;C選項(xiàng)gracious“和藹可親的;有禮貌的”;D選項(xiàng)graceful“優(yōu)雅的”。句意:這位老人非常友好和______,還幫助孩子們過馬路。根據(jù)語境,這里C選項(xiàng)gracious“和藹可親的;有禮貌的”形容老人比較合理,意思指老人熱心幫助孩子們,非常和藹可親。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
20.單選題
Thesignificanceofmagazinesamongcontemporarymediaissometimes()underestimated.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.profoundly
B.radically
C.graphically
D.grossly
【答案】D
【解析】考查副詞辨析。profoundly深刻地;radically根本上,徹底地;graphically以書畫形式;grossly很,非常。空格處填一個(gè)副詞修飾underestimated,能修飾“低估”只有D項(xiàng)。grosslyunderestimated極大地被低估。graphicallyunderestimated徹底被低估,過于絕對(duì)。句意:雜志在當(dāng)代媒體中的意義有時(shí)被極大地低估了。
21.單選題
Although,somestudentsgraduatefromhighschool,theyarevirtuallyilliterate_____writingabusinessletter.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.intheeventof
B.inthelightof
C.incaseof
D.intermsof
【答案】D
【解析】短語搭配題。A選項(xiàng)intheeventof萬一……發(fā)生;B選項(xiàng)inthelightof根據(jù),按照;C選項(xiàng)incaseof萬一,如果發(fā)生,假設(shè);D選項(xiàng)intermsof關(guān)于,在……方面,就……而言。根據(jù)句意可知,盡管一些學(xué)生已經(jīng)高中畢業(yè),但他們?cè)谏虅?wù)信函的寫作方面幾乎是一竅不通。因此,本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。
22.單選題
InWarTimes,manyweaknationswere(
)bythepowerfulones.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.monopolized
B.absorbed
C.combined
D.engaged
【答案】A
【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)monopolize“完全控制”;B選項(xiàng)absorb“吸收;吸引;掌握”;C選項(xiàng)combine“聯(lián)合,結(jié)合”;D選項(xiàng)engage“參與;吸引(興趣)”。填入過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài),由weaknations和thepowerfulones的關(guān)系可知monopolize“完全控制”的分詞monopolized符合題意,句意為:在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期,許多弱小的國家都被強(qiáng)大的國家控制。故答案選A。
23.單選題
DuringtheWorldWarII,theshabbylittlebarsuccessfullyharboredmanyJewswhowouldotherwisehavebeenslaughteredbyHitler.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.shivered
B.shoveled
C.sheltered
D.shuttled
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。harbor“庇護(hù);懷有”;A選項(xiàng)shiver“顫抖;打碎”;B選項(xiàng)shovel“鏟除;用鏟挖”;C選項(xiàng)shelter“保護(hù);使掩蔽;庇護(hù)”;D選項(xiàng)shuttle“使穿梭般來回移動(dòng);短程穿梭般運(yùn)送”。句意:第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,這家破舊的小酒吧成功地收留了許多猶太人,否則他們可能會(huì)被希特勒屠殺。文中提到“slaughteredbyHitler被希特勒屠殺”,可推知harbored在這里有“庇護(hù)”的意思,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
24.單選題
IftheAmericanswiththeirpeacetalksdogetthepartiestogether,theirfirstbusinesswillbetoarrangea(
)sothatfoodcanmove.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.truth
B.trace
C.truce
D.trap
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。truth意為“真理”;trace意為“痕跡,蹤跡”;truce意為“休戰(zhàn)”;trap意為“陷阱,詭計(jì)”。
句意:如果美國人的和平會(huì)談使政黨團(tuán)結(jié),他們的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)是安排休戰(zhàn),這樣食品才能運(yùn)輸。
25.翻譯題
發(fā)展中國家的人們?nèi)魹橐泼駟栴}操心,往往是想到硅谷或發(fā)達(dá)國家的醫(yī)院和大學(xué)去創(chuàng)造自己最輝煌的未來。英國、加拿大和澳大利亞等國給大學(xué)畢業(yè)生提供的優(yōu)惠移民政策,就是為了吸引這部分人群。諸多研究表明,發(fā)展中國家受過良好教育的人才往往可能有移民傾向。2004年,曾針對(duì)印度家庭進(jìn)行過一次大型調(diào)查,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),近40%有移民傾向的人受過中學(xué)以上教育,而25歲以上的印度人只有約3.3%受過中學(xué)以上教育。"人才流失"問題長期以來一直讓發(fā)展中國家的決策者很苦惱,他們擔(dān)心這種情況會(huì)危及其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,奪去他們緊缺的技術(shù)人才,而這些人才本該在他們自己的大學(xué)任教,在他們自己的醫(yī)院工作,為他們自己的工廠研發(fā)新產(chǎn)品。
【答案】Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.The"braindrain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.
26.單選題
Shewaskeento________acause,andhasbecomeanadvocateagainstchildobesity.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.pickup
B.giveup
C.raiseup
D.takeup
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.pickup撿起,拾起B(yǎng).giveup放棄,讓出
C.raiseup舉起,抬起D.takeup從事,開始工作
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。
【解題思路】空格處和下文的“acause(事業(yè))”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯,bekeentodosth.是固定搭配,意為“熱衷于做某事”,表示她熱衷于怎么樣這項(xiàng)事業(yè)。后半句說到“已經(jīng)成為反對(duì)兒童肥胖的倡導(dǎo)者(becomeanadvocate)”,由此可知,這項(xiàng)事業(yè)指的是反對(duì)兒童肥胖,她應(yīng)該是從事著反對(duì)兒童肥胖的工作并熱衷于此。takeup指從事某項(xiàng)工作,因此D選項(xiàng)takeup“從事,開始工作”最符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)pickup“撿起,拾起”指將某物從平面上舉起,不能和“cause(事業(yè))”進(jìn)行搭配;
B選項(xiàng)give
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