考研考博-英語-哈爾濱體育學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱體育學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

中國央行數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年影子銀行融資占世界第二大經(jīng)濟體融資總量的近三分之一，凸顯中國影了銀行業(yè)的崛起。中國人民銀行表示，去年來自信托公司和影子銀行部門其他實體的融資金額創(chuàng)下歷史紀錄，占到全年總?cè)谫Y規(guī)模17.3萬億元人民幣(臺2.9萬億美元)的30%，髙于2012年23%的比重。

中國的影子銀行部門對地方政府債務的迅速增長起到了助推作用。地方政府近年紛紛建立表外工具借款，為開發(fā)項目提供資金支持。據(jù)中國國家審計署近期的一份報告似計，截至去年6月底，地方政府債務已接近3萬億美元，比2010年年底上一次審計時增長了70%。

【答案】TheriseofChina’sshadowbankingsectorhasbeenthrownintosharpreliefbydatafromthecentralbankshowingthatitaccountsfornearlyone-thirdofaggregatefinancingintheworld’ssecond-biggesteconomy.Fundingfromtrustcompaniesandotherentitiesintheshadowsectorrosetoitshighestlevelonrecordandaccountedfor30percentoftheRMB17.3tn($2.9tn)intotalcreditissuedlastyear,thePeople’sBankofChinasaid,upfroma23percentshareofaggregatefinancingin2012.

China’sshadowbankingsectorhashelpedfuelanalarmingrun-upinthedebtowedbylocalgovernments,whichhaveestablishedoff-balance-sheetvehiclestoborrowmoneyfordevelopmentprojects.ArecentreportbyChina’sNationalAuditOfficeestimatedthatlocalgovernmentdebtshadreachedalmost$3tnbyJunelastyear,rising70percentfromthepreviousauditattheendof2010.

2.單選題

John’soutstandingperformanceinthecompetitionprovedthathewasa______winner.

問題1選項

A.worthwhile

B.worthy

C.worth

D.worthless

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.worthwhile重要的，值得的B.worthy值得的，值得尊敬、注意的

C.worth值……的D.worthless無價值的，不值錢的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由outstandingperformance（出色表現(xiàn)）和prove（證明）可知，a______winner中的空格應該表示“值得的”。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項表示值得花時間、金錢、努力等，不符合句意；

C項只用作表語，不用于名詞前作定語；

D選項不符合句意。

【句意】約翰在比賽中的出色表現(xiàn)證明他是當之無愧的勝利者。

3.單選題

Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.Amarketthathasbeenheavilyexploitedinthepastbyforeignerswillturnapredictablyskepticaleyetowardanyoverseascompanyseekingnewsalesterritory.Itmayevenrefuseproductsthatcouldgreatlybenefitthesociety.Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.Ontheotherend,aculturethathasbeenmarkedbyindependenceforsometimewillhavefewfearsofforeignoperationsandmayfindthesubtleapproachfartoolacklusterandslow.

Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.Oftentimes,thisincludesracialprejudicesthataredifficulttoshake,earlierpoliticaldisagreementsthathaveneverbeenfullysettled,ofoldunhealedwarwounds.

Let’slookattheraceissuefirst.CompanieswithCaucasianmarketingpersonnelreturningtopost-apartheidSouthAfricaaregenerallyplaguedwithafeelingthattheyowesomethingtothenewblackmajoritygovernment.It’sacompletelyself-generateddebtasthegovernmentis,inreality,overjoyedthatinvestmenthasreturnedafterthelongembargo.However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.

Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.Followinginthewakeofthebloodytwo-decadewarthatendedin1975,theUnitedStatesandVietnamfinallyreopenedtradein1994.TheVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,whiletheAmericanthoughttheywouldbewelcomedasthesaviorsofVietnam’sflounderingeconomy.MostofAmerica’smarketerssenttoVietnamweresmallchildrenduringthewar,andtheconflicthadlittlebearingontheirlives.Vietnam’sdecisionmakersontheotherhandwereprimarilyveteransoftheconflictandsawitasthekeyelementoftherelationship.Neithersidepaidattentiontotheother’sviewofhistorynortheresultshavebeendecidedlydisappointingforalmosteveryone.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthat（）.

2.Itisadvisableforamarketerto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.TheCaucasianexampleindicatesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.culturaldifferencesforcecompaniestoadjustschedule

B.marketingsuccessandfailurearemuchlikehistory

C.developingcountriesarehostiletodevelopedcountries

D.thehistoryofacountryorcultureinfluencesthemarket

問題2選項

A.understandthehistoryofacountryorculture

B.exploitthemarketwithgreateffort

C.keepaskepticaleyeonoverseascompanies

D.slowdownforeignoperations

問題3選項

A.Marketeersshouldberesponsiblefortheburdensofthepast.

B.Marketeersshouldseparatethemselvesfromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.

C.Marketeersshoulddisagreeonracialprejudices.

D.Marketeersshouldtakecareofthewoundedinthewar.

問題4選項

A.SouthAfricansareplaguedwithaguiltyfeeling

B.SouthAfricansareoverlovedwiththeoverseasinvestment

C.SouthAfricansowedebtstoCaucasiancompany

D.SouthAfricancompaniestakeadvantageoftheircounterpart’sguiltyfeelings

問題5選項

A.ThefailureofthereopenedtradebetweenAmericanandVietnamshouldbetakenasalesson.

B.TheVietnamesetakeitforgrantedthattheAmericanbusinesscommunitywillinvestmoneyinVietnamtomakeupforpastwrongs.

C.TherelationshipbetweenVietnamandtheUSisagoodexampleofforgettingthepast.

D.Misinterpretinghistoryandcultureleadstobusinessfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開頭“Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.每個國家和文化，無論是像印度一樣古老還是像捷克共和國一樣年輕，都有一段對市場和營銷人員都有巨大影響的歷史。并且文中列舉了兩個例子來論證一個國家的文化或歷史會影響市場。故D項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.了解歷史可以使營銷人員以一種更微妙的方式接近文化，這肯定會導致對日程表的調(diào)整?！笨芍倘肆私庖粋€國家的文化或歷史很重要。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.營銷人員可能會把他們自己的業(yè)務帶入到這個過程中，他們應該注意把自己與他們的個人和文化歷史分開，至少在情感上是這樣?！笨芍狟項“市場營銷人員應該把自己與個人和文化歷史分開?！闭_。

4.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.然而，這種喜悅并不能阻止南非公司在談判時利用對手的內(nèi)疚感?！笨芍狣項“南非的公司利用了他們對手的負罪感”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.在政治方面，越南和美國之間的關系就是一個典型的例子，兩國商人在做生意的時候會誤解對方的歷史和文化。”以及“TheVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,越南人認為美國商界會向他們大量投資，以彌補過去的錯誤，”可知ABD三項均正確，C項“越南和美國的關系是一個忘記過去的好例子?！迸c原文不符，越南和美國的關系是由于雙方商人對于對方的歷史和文化的誤解。故答案C。

4.單選題

Sinceyouaresoweak,youshouldtakeevery____precautionagainstcatchingcold.

問題1選項

A.critical

B.comparable

C.distinct

D.conceivable

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.critical關鍵的B.comparable可比較的

C.distinct明顯的；確切的D.conceivable可想象的；可信的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析與語義銜接

【解題思路】原句語義為“既然你這么虛弱，你應該采取一切____的預防措施以防感冒。”由此可知，病人非常虛弱，應該采取一切可能的措施預防感冒，D選項conceivable“可想象的；可信的”最符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

A選項critical“關鍵的”，“采取每一個關鍵的預防措施”沒有“采取每一個可能的預防措施”符合原句語境；

B選項comparable“可比較的”，不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項distinct“明顯的；確切的”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】既然你這么虛弱，你應該采取一切可能的預防措施以防感冒。

5.單選題

These______attacksdisturbedusandweconsultedaphysician.

問題1選項

A.recurrent

B.sinister

C.affected

D.morbid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項recurrent“復發(fā)的，周期性的”，B項sinister“陰險的，兇兆的”，C項affected“受到影響的，做作的”，D項morbid“病態(tài)的，由病引起的，恐怖的”。根據(jù)關鍵信息weconsultedaphysician“我們咨詢了醫(yī)生”可知attack表示“疾病發(fā)作”；所以空格處填入recurrent符合句意。句意：這些反復發(fā)作的癥狀困擾著我們，我們?nèi)タ戳酸t(yī)生。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

6.單選題

I'veheardthatyouaregoingto（

）theboss'sjobwhensheretires.

問題1選項

A.putupwith

B.putinfor

C.putoutto

D.putinon

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項putupwith“忍受，容忍”；B選項putinfor“申請”；C選項putoutto“拿出去”；D選項putinon沒有此搭配。句意：我聽說你打算在老板退休后申請（接替）她的職位。選項B符合句意。

7.單選題

Aneducationalenvironmenttoseparateyoufromthedailyrigorsoflife.

問題1選項

A.isdesigned

B.designed

C.istobedesigned

D.designs

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞的用法。句子主語是aneducationalenvironment“一種教育環(huán)境”，是design動作執(zhí)行的對象，因此要用被動語態(tài)表示“教育環(huán)境被設計成”；固定用法bedesignedtodo“打算、目的是”；A選項被動語態(tài)；B選項主動語態(tài)；C選項被動語態(tài)，表“將要被設定成”；D選項主動語態(tài)；句意：教育環(huán)境能將你從日常生活的艱辛中抽離出來。根據(jù)句意A選項最符合題意。

8.翻譯題

I.(本題3段，每段10分)

Afterweseeanobjectseveraltimes,webegintorecognizeit.Theobjectisinfrontofusandweknowaboutit,butwedonotseeit—hence,wecannotsayanythingsignificantaboutit.Artremovesobjectsfromtheautomatismofperceptioninseveralways.HereIwanttoillustrateawayusedrepeatedlybyLeoTolstoy,thatwriterwho,forMerezhkovskyatleast,seemstopresentthingsasifhehimselfsawthem,andsawthemintheirentirety,anddidnotalterthem.

—VictorShklovsky,ArtasTechniqueMaywereallyattempttocomparetheimaginativewriterwiththe“dreamerinbroaddaylight,”andhiscreationswithdaydreams?…Onefeatureaboveallcannotfailtostrikeusaboutthecreationsofthesestory-writers:eachofthemhasaherowhoisthecenterofinterest,forwhomthewritertriestowinoursympathybyeverypossiblemeansandwhomheseemstoplaceundertheprotectionofaspecialprovidence.…ThefeelingofsecuritywithwhichIfollowtheherothroughhisperilousadventuresisthesameasthefeelingwithwhichaheroinreallifethrowshimselfintothewatertosaveadrowningmanorexposeshimselftotheenemy’sfireinordertostormabattery.Itisthetrueheroicfeeling,whichoneofourbestwritershasexpressedinaninimitablephrase:“Nothingcanhappentome!”Itseemstome,however,thatthroughthisrevealingcharacteristicofinvulnerabilitywecanimmediatelyrecognizeHisMajestytheEgo,theheroalikeofeverydaydreamandofeverystory.

—SigmundFreud,CreativeWritersandDaydreamingIcallthecombinationofaconceptandasound-imageasign,butincurrentusagethetermgenerallydesignatesonlyasound-image,aword,forexample(arbor,etc.)Onetendstoforgetthatarboriscalledasignonlybecauseitcarriestheconcept“tree,”withtheresultthattheideaofthesensorypartimpliestheideaofthewhole.

Ambiguitywoulddisappearifthethreenotionsinvolvedhereweredesignatedbythreenames,eachsuggestingandopposingtheothers.Iproposetoretainthewordsigntodesignatethewholeandtoreplaceconceptandsound-imagerespectivelybysignifiedandsignifier;thelasttwotermshavetheadvantageofindicatingtheoppositionthatseparatesthemfromeachotherandfromthewholeofwhichtheyareparts.

—FerdinanddeSaussure,CourseinGeneralLinguistics

【答案】當我們多次看到一個物體后，我們就開始辨別出它。物體就在我們面前，我們知道它，但我們看不到它。因此，我們不能說任何關于這個物體的有意義的事情。藝術通過幾種方式將物體從無意識行為的感知中移除。在這里，我想說明列夫?托爾斯泰反復使用的一種方法，至少在梅雷日科夫斯基看來，這位作家呈現(xiàn)事物的方式，就好像他自己看到了它們本身，看到了它們的全部，但沒有改變它們。

——維克多?什克洛夫斯基，《藝術即技巧》9.不定項選擇題

MostBritishnewspapersarenotnecessarilycarefulaboutlanguage,buttheyarecarefulaboutbadwordsanyway.Thephrase“familynewspaper”isaninevitablepartofourlives.Newspapersarenotinthebusinessofgivingunjustifiedoffence.Itisalimitationofnewspaperwriting,andeverybodyinthebusiness,whetherwritingorreading,understandsandaccepts.Therearemanyothernecessarylimitations,andmostoftheseconcerntimeandspace.

NewspapershavedominatedsportswritinginBritainforyears.Buttenyearsago,anewplayerenteredthegame.Thiswasthephenomenonofmen’smagazines.GQwasthepioneeranditleadsthewaystill,leavingtherestpantingdistantlyinitswake.

Sports,ofcourse,ablindinglyobvioussubjectforamen’smagazine—butitcouldnotbetackledinablindinglyobviousway.Certainly,oneofthefirstthingsGQwasabletoofferwasanewwayofwritingaboutsport,butthiswasnotsomuchacunningplanasanecessity.Themagazinewasdoomed,asitwere,toofferawholenewrangeoffreedomstoitssportswriters.Freedomofvocabularywassimplythemostobviousoneand,inevitably,itappealedtotheschoolboywithinus.Butspaceandtimeweretheothers,andthesepossibilitiesmeantthatthecraftofsportswritinghadtobereinvented.

Unlikenewspapers,amagazinecanofferadecentlengthoftimetoresearchandtowrite.Theseare,youwouldthink,luxuries—especiallytothoseofuswhoareoftenrequiredtoreadan800-wordmatchreportoverthetelephonetheinstantthefinalwhistlehasgone.Nooneexpectsamasterpieceundersuchcircumstances.Butalongmagazinedeadlinegivesyouthedisconcertingandagoraphobicfreedomtoresearch,towrite,tothink.

GQisnotrestrictedbythesameconventionsofreaderexpectationasanewspaper.Youneednotworryaboutoffendingpeopleoralienatingthem;thewholeethosofthemagazineisthatreadersaretheretobechallenged.Therewillbereaderswhowouldfindsomeofitspiecesoffensiveorevenimpossibleinanewspaper,oreveninadifferentmagazine.ButthesamereaderswillreadthepieceinGQandfinditenthralling.

Thatisbecausethemagazineisalwaysslightlyuncomfortabletobewith.Itisnotlikeacozymemberofthefamily,norevenlikeafriend.Itisthestrong,self-opinionatedpersonthatyoucanneverquitemakeupyourmindwhetheryoulikeornot.Youadmirehim,butyouareslightlyuneasywithhim.Thepeoplearoundhimmightnotaltogetherapproveofeverythinghesays;somemightnotcareforhimatall.Buttheyfeelcompelledtolisten.Theself-confidenceistoocompelling.Andjustwhenyouthinkbeisbeginningtobecomeratherabore,hesurprisesyouwithhisgenuineintelligence.Hemakesabroadjoke,andthensuddenlyheisdemandingyoufollowhimintheturningofanintellectualsomersault.

1.Whatdoesthewritersayaboutnewspapersinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whatdoesthewriterimplyinthesecondparagraph?

3.WhyweresportswritersforGQgivennewfreedoms?

4.Whycan’twritersforGQusethesamemethodsaswritersfornewspapers?

5.ThewriterlikensGQmagazinetoapersonwho（）

問題1選項

A.Theytendnottoincludearticlesreaderswillfindverychallenging.

B.Articlesinthemdonotreflectthewaymanypeoplereallyspeak.

C.Theyaremoreconcernedwithprofitthanwithqualityofwriting.

D.Theyfailtorealizewhatkindofwritingwouldappealtoreaders.

問題2選項

A.GQmagazinecontainsarticlesthatarewellworthreading.

B.Someofthemorerecentmen’smagazinesareunlikelytosurvive.

C.Thestandardofsportswritinginnewspapershasimprovedinrecenttimes.

D.Heisinapositiontogiveanobjectiveviewofsportswritinginmagazines.

問題3選項

A.TherestrictionsofnewspaperwritingdonotapplytowritingforGQ.

B.Themagazine’sinitialplansforitssportsarticlesprovedunrealistic.

C.Notionsaboutwhatmadegoodsportsjournalismwerechanging.

D.Thewritersthatitwantedtoemploydemandedgreaterfreedom.

問題4選項

A.ArticlesinGQarenotallowedtoconsistmainlyofinterviews.

B.Theywanttobeconsideredbetterthanwritersfornewspapers.

C.Writersfornewspapersdonothavesomuchspacetofill.

D.Theyhavebeentoldtoavoidtheconventionsofnewspaperwriting.

問題5選項

A.saysthingsyouwishyouhadsaidyourself.

B.frequentlychangeshispointofview.

C.forcesyoutopayattentiontohim.

D.wantstobeconsideredentertaining.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段，第一段大意是對英國報紙的描述，從“Itisalimitationofnewspaperwriting,andeverybodyinthebusiness,whetherwritingorreading,understandsandaccepts”可以看出，英國的報紙是沒有那么自由的，它非常官方主流，有很多限制，因此各種限制導致它沒有辦法去寫一些很有火藥味的報道，因此答案A正確，其他選項皆沒有暗示和論據(jù)。

第2題:段落推斷題。定位到原文第二段，A選項錯誤，GQ的文章只是很吸引人，是否值得一讀作者并沒有給出說法；B錯誤，其他雜志只是難以和GQ比肩，但是并不一定會倒閉；C項錯誤，體育新聞的寫作標準并不是一定被提高了，它只是被改變了，由GQ這本雜志來改變的；D項是正確的，在第二段作者表達的就是非?？陀^的觀點，無論是對于雜志還是報紙上的體育新聞，他都是可以客觀評論的。

第3題:細節(jié)推斷題。問的是為何GQ的作家們有新的自由，我們可以定位到第三段，以及第四段，都是在說雜志上的體育新聞沒有報紙那么嚴格，它們并沒有那么多限制和條條框框，因此答案為A。

第4題:細節(jié)題。文章的第四段第一句，“Unlikenewspapers,amagazinecanofferadecentlengthoftimetoresearchandtowrite.”以及后面的“Butalongmagazinedeadlinegivesyouthedisconcertingandagoraphobicfreedomtoresearch,towrite,tothink.”可以看出雜志的發(fā)揮空間比報紙大很多，時間也更充足，發(fā)揮空間更加大，因此答案為C。

第5題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段，“Thepeoplearoundhimmightnotaltogetherapproveofeverythinghesays;somemightnotcareforhimatall.Buttheyfeelcompelledtolisten.Theself-confidenceistoocompelling.（他周圍的人可能并不完全贊同他說的每一句話；有些人可能根本不喜歡他。但他們覺得必須去傾聽。自信太令人信服了。）”因此答案為C，其他三項都沒有理論支撐。

10.單選題

Icouldn’tworkoutwhyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring.

問題1選項

A.drawup

B.bringabout

C.putforward

D.figureout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。workout“算出；實現(xiàn)；制定出；消耗完；理解；鍛煉”；A選項drawup“起草；使靠近”；B選項bringabout“引起；帶來”；C選項putforward“提出；拿出”；D選項figureout“解決；想出；理解；斷定”。句意：我搞不懂為什么會有人發(fā)明這么無聊的東西。根據(jù)句中“whyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring為何有人發(fā)明如此無聊的一些東西”可知workout在這里的意思應為“理解”，因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow（

）andextravagantarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.

問題1選項

A.fabulous

B.gracious

C.handsome

D.prominent

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。fabulous“難以置信的；極好的”；gracious“親切的；高尚的”；handsome“（男子）英俊的”；prominent“突出的，顯著的”。句意：我經(jīng)常吃中餐，但是我無法想象真正的中式宴會會有多么好，多么奢侈。選項A符合題意。

12.單選題

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandlamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologists,collectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteenth-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabright,memorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.

Typically,eachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass—inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.Asagenre,ragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

1.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingisacharacteristicofragtimecompositionsthatfollowtheclassicragtimeformulaEXCEPT（

）.

2.Theauthorrejectstheargumentthatragtimeisamechanicalmusicbecausethatargument

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheessentialnatureofragtimehasbeenobscuredbycommentariesbasedon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostnearlyanalogousinsourceandartisticcharactertoaragtimecompositionasdescribedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.syncopation

B.abasslinedistinctfromthemelodicline

C.risingrhythmic-melodicintensity

D.fulldevelopmentofmusicalthemes

問題2選項

A.improperlyidentifiescommercialragtimemusicwiththesubtlerclassicragtimestyle.

B.doesnotaccuratelydescribethesoundofragtimepianolamusic.

C.confusesthemeansofrecordingandtheessentialcharacterofthemusic.

D.exaggeratestheinfluenceoftheperformancestyleofprofessionalragtimeplayersonthereputationofthegenre.

問題3選項

A.thewayragtimemusicwasfirstrecorded

B.themusicalsourcesusedbyScottJoplinandJamesScott

C.thedancefashionsthatwerecontemporaryragtime

D.earlyreviewers’accountsofcharacteristicstructure

問題4選項

A.Symphonicmusicderivedfromcomplexjazzmotifs.

B.Anexperimentalnovelbasedonwell-knowncartooncharacters.

C.Adramaticproductioninwhichactorsinventscenesandimproviselines.

D.Aballetwhosedisciplinedchoreographyisbasedonfolk-dancesteps.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干問的是根據(jù)這篇文章，除了哪一項外，下面的每一個都是拉格泰姆作品的一個特征？題干問的是根據(jù)這篇文章，除了哪一項外，下面的每一個都是拉格泰姆作品的一個特征？定位到第四段中Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass~inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.拉格泰姆作曲家不關心音樂主題的發(fā)展，而是完整地、完整地設定一個主題，并把它與各種相關的主題聯(lián)系起來。拉格泰姆樂曲的張力來自于兩種基本元素之間的對立:鋼琴師左手彈連續(xù)低音(爵士音樂家稱之為“boom-chickbass”)和右手彈有旋律的切分低音?？芍狣項“音樂主題的全面發(fā)展”不是拉格泰姆作曲的特點，故D項正確。A項“切分音”和B項“與旋律線不同的低音線”，C項“旋律強度不斷上升”這段均有提及。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.有時有人指責拉格泰姆是機械的。例如，威爾弗雷德?米勒斯評論道，“拉格泰姆被轉(zhuǎn)移到自動鋼琴上，即使不是機器演奏，也應該像機器演奏一樣具有細致的精確度?！比欢?，我們沒有理由僅僅因為商業(yè)制造者對拉格泰姆音樂使用了機械錄音的方法（這是當時記錄鋼琴演奏的唯一方法）就認為拉格泰姆本身就是機械的。拉格泰姆音樂不是機械的精度，也不局限于精度的表現(xiàn)風格。它源于拉格泰姆遵循的一種定義明確的形式，并在該形式中遵循簡單的規(guī)則?？芍狢項“混淆了錄音的手段和音樂的本質(zhì)特征”正確。D項“夸大了專業(yè)的拉格泰姆音樂演奏者表演風格對這種音樂流派的影響”，A項“錯誤地將商業(yè)拉格泰姆音樂與更微妙的古典拉格泰姆風格區(qū)分開來”；B項“沒有準確地描述拉格泰姆鋼琴音樂的聲音”；文中均未提及，故答案C

3.判斷推理題。題干問：從文中可推斷出拉格泰姆音樂的本質(zhì)被基于什么基礎上的評論所遮蔽？定位到第二段中“However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.然而，沒有理由僅僅因為商業(yè)制造商對拉格泰姆使用了一種機械錄音方法，就認為拉格泰姆本身就是機械的，這是當時唯一一種錄制鋼琴的方法。”可知由于拉格泰姆用了一種機械錄音法，故A項正確。

4.判斷推理題。題干問：下列哪一項在來源和藝術特征上與文中描述的拉格泰姆樂曲最為相似?A項“從復雜的爵士主題中衍生出來的交響樂?！保籅項“一部以著名卡通人物為原型的實驗性小說”；C項“演員們創(chuàng)造場景并即興創(chuàng)作臺詞的一種戲劇作品”；D項“以民間舞蹈為基礎的有紀律的舞蹈編排的芭蕾舞”。定位到第三段中“Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner拉格泰姆結(jié)構的目的是要以階梯狀的方式從一個主題上升到另一個主題······與最后一段中“Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.從這個意義上說，拉格泰姆音樂更像是十九世紀的民間音樂，而不是爵士樂。由此對應可推知有“folk-dancesteps民間舞蹈步伐”的D項正確。

13.單選題

Astheartistwas（）topollen,heseldomwentintothecountrytosketchthenaturalbeautyinspring.

問題1選項

A.destructive

B.allergic

C.fragile

D.unchallenged

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞搭配題。destructive破壞的，毀滅性的；allergic過敏的，beallergictosth.指對某物過敏；fragile脆的，易碎的；unchallenged不回避的。句意：由于藝術家對花粉過敏，所以他春天很少去鄉(xiāng)下寫生。選項B符合句意。

14.單選題

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

問題1選項

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。Unbiased公正的,無偏見的;manipulated熟練控制的；distorted扭歪的，受到曲解的；conveyed傳達的，傳輸?shù)?。句中“qualifiedsourcesofinformation”應該指合格的信息,故A項unbiased“公正不偏不倚的”符合邏輯。

15.翻譯題

Whichwouldyouchoose:anonlinecoursedeliveredbyoneoftheworld’smostknowledgeableinstructors,supportedbyawardwinningdocumentaryfilmmakersandateamofgraduateteachingassistants,orthesamecoursetaughtinpersonbyanaverageinstructor?Differentstudentswouldofcoursechoosedifferently.Butthereisamplereasontobelievethatexperiencewiththefirstoptionwouldeventuallyleadasubstantialproportionofstudentstopreferit,eveniftheywerechargedthesameamountforeitherapproach.Butbecauseofeconomiesofscale,theremoteoptionwouldenjoyasubstantialcostadvantage.AsPhilipCookwroteinhis1995book,“TheWinner-Take-AllSociety,”thesearepreciselytheconditionsthatgiverisetowinner-take-allmarkets.Astechnologyhasexpandedthereachofthemostableperformers,theyhavebeencapturingeverlargersharesofworldwidemarketsacrossahostofdomains.

【答案】你會選擇哪一種課程：是由世界上最有知識的導師之一講授，由獲獎紀錄片制片人和研究生助教團隊支持的在線課程，還是由一名普通教師親自教授的課程？不同的學生當然會做出不同的選擇。但我們有充足的理由相信，第一種選擇的經(jīng)驗最終會讓相當一部分學生更喜歡它，即使這兩種方式收取的費用相同。但由于規(guī)模經(jīng)濟，遠程選項將享有巨大的成本優(yōu)勢。正如菲利普?庫克在他1995年的著作《贏者通吃的社會》中所寫的那樣，正是這些條件催生了贏者通吃的市場。隨著科技擴大了最有能力的執(zhí)行者的范圍，他們在許多領域的全球市場中占據(jù)了越來越大的份額。

16.單選題

Toeveryone'ssurprise,thewomancandidatefromasmallparty（

）thepollinthefirstroundofvoting.

問題1選項

A.eclipsed

B.outshined

C.topped

D.deprived

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。eclipse“遮住……的光”;outshine“使相形見絀”；top“超過”；deprive“剝奪，使喪失”。句意：讓每個人驚訝的是，來自一個小政黨的女候選人在第一輪投票中領先。選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

An