考研考博-英語-山東外國語職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東外國語職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?

問題1選項

A.senseless

B.unimportant

C.indifferent

D.uninteresting

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項senseless“愚蠢的；無知覺的；無意識的”；B選項unimportant“不重要的；瑣碎的”；C選項indifferent“不關(guān)心的，冷淡的”；D選項uninteresting“無趣味的；乏味的”。句意：美國知識分子在他的社會中被排斥，被認為是……，這是真的嗎？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息theAmericanintellectualisrejected“美國知識分子被排斥”，也即是說美國知識分子在他們的社會中很難享有一席之地，因為他們不受重視。因此B選項符合題意。

2.不定項選擇題

PsychologistsagreethatI.Q.contributeonlyabout20percentofthefactorsthatdeterminesuccess.Afull80percentcomesfromotherfactors,includingwhatIcallemotionalintelligence.Followingaretwoofthemajorqualitiesthatmakeupemotionalintelligence,andhowtheycanbedeveloped:

1.Self-awareness.Theabilitytorecognizeafeelingasithappensisthekeystoneofemotionalintelligence.Peoplewithgreatercertaintyabouttheiremotionsarebetterpilotsoftheirlives.

Developingself-awarenessrequirestuningintowhatneurologistAntonioDamasiocalls“gutfeelings.”Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem.Forexample,whenpeoplewhofearsnakesareshownapictureofasnake,sensorsontheirskinwilldetectsweat,asignofanxiety,eventhoughthepeoplesaytheydonotfeelfear.Thesweatshowsupevenapictureispresentedsorapidlythatthesubjecthasnoconsciousawarenessofseeingit.

Throughdeliberateeffortwecanbecomemoreawareofourgutfeelings.Takesomeonewhoisannoyedbyarudeencounterforhoursafteritoccurred.Hemaybeawareofhisirritabilityandsurprisedwhensomeonecallsattentiontoit.Butifheevaluateshisfeelings,hecanchangethem.

Emotionalself-awarenessisthebuildingblockofthenextfundamentalofemotionintelligence:beingabletoshakeoffbadmood.

2.MoodManagement.Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.Thekeyisbalance.

Weoftenhavelittlecontroloverwhenwearesweptbyemotion.Butwecanhavesomesayinhowlongthatemotionwilllast.PsychologistDianneTiceaskedmorethan400menandwomenabouttheirstrategiesforescapingfoulmoods.Herresearch,alongwiththatofotherpsychologists,providesvaluableinformationonhowtochangeabadmood.

Ofallthemoodsthatpeoplewanttoescape,rageseemstobethehardesttodealwith.Whensomeoneinanothercarcutsyouoffonthehighway,yourreflexivethoughtmaybe:Thatjerk!Hecouldhavehitme!Ican’tlethimgetawaywiththat!Themoreyoustew,theangrieryouget.Suchisthestuffofhypertensionandrecklessdriving.

Whatshouldyoudotorelieverage?Onemythisthatventilatingwillmakeyoufeelbetter.Infact,researchershavefoundthat’soneoftheworststrategies.Amoreeffectivetechniqueis“refraining”,whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.Inthecaseofthedriverwhocutsyouoff,youmighttellyourself:Maybehehadsomeemergency.Thisisoneofthemostpotentways,Ticefound,toputangertorest.

Goingoffalonetocoolclownisalsoaneffectivewaytorefuseanger,especiallyifyoucan’tthinkclearly.Ticefoundthatalargeproportionofmencooldownbygoingforadrive—afindingthatinspiredhertodrivemoredefensively.Asaferalternativeisexercise,suchastakingalongwalk.Whateveryoudo,don’twastethetimepursuingyourtrainofangerthoughts.Youraimshouldbetodistractyourself.

Thetechniquesofreframinganddistractioncanalleviatedepressionandanxietyaswellasanger.Addtothemsuchrelaxationtechniquesasdeepbreathingandmeditationandyouhaveanarsenalofweaponsagainstbadmoods.

1.Whataregutfeelings?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofknowingone’sgutfeelingsisthat（）.

3.Theword“spice”inParagraph6isclosedinmeaningto（）.

4.Theessenceof“refraining”inParagraph9is（）.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyarefeelingoneisbornwith.

B.Theyarefeelingsonemaybeunawareof.

C.Theyarefeelingsoffearandanxiety.

D.Theyarefeelingsfeltbysensiblepeople.

問題2選項

A.onecandevelopthem

B.onecancallother’sattentiontothem

C.onemaygetridofthem

D.onemaycontrolthem

問題3選項

A.addinterestto

B.lengthen

C.makedull

D.bringintoexistence

問題4選項

A.toforgettheunpleasantsituation

B.toadoptapositiveattitude

C.toprotectoneselfproperly

D.toavoidroadaccidents

問題5選項

A.WhatisEmotionalIntelligence?

B.HowtoDevelopEmotionalIntelligence.

C.StrategiesforGettingRidofFoulMoods.

D.HowtoControlone’sGutFeelings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“gutfeelings”定位到第三段第二句話“Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem”（直覺可能在一個人沒有意識到的情況下發(fā)生）可知，直覺是人們可能沒有意識到的感覺。A選項“它們是天生的”沒有原文依據(jù)；C選項“它們是恐懼和焦慮的感覺”錯誤，直覺包括很多種感覺；D選項“它們是理智的人所感受到的感情”錯誤，人都會有直覺，沒有理性和感性之分。因此B選項正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第四段倒數(shù)一、二句話“Hemaybeawareofhisirritabilityandsurprisedwhensomeonecallsattentiontoit.Butifheevaluateshisfeelings,hecanchangethem”（他可能意識到了自己的易怒，當(dāng)有人提醒他時，他會感到驚訝。但如果他評估自己的感受，他就能改變。）可知既然可以改變，那就是可以控制的。A選項“可以開發(fā)它們”、B選項“一個人可以引起別人的注意”、C選項“人們可以擺脫它們”均說法錯誤，文中沒有相關(guān)表述。因此D選項正確。

第3題:語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“spice”定位到第六段“MoodManagement.Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.Thekeyisbalance”（情緒管理。好心情和壞心情可以豐富生活，塑造性格。關(guān)鍵是平衡）可知spice是豐富的意思，即給生活增加樂趣。A選項“增加樂趣”；B選項“延長”、C選項“乏味”、D選項“產(chǎn)生”三項與該處語義不符。因此A選項正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“refraining”定位到第九段“Amoreeffectivetechniqueis‘refraining’,whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.Inthecaseofthedriverwhocutsyouoff,youmighttellyourself:Maybehehadsomeemergency”（一種更有效的方法是“克制”，這意味著有意識地以一種更積極的態(tài)度重新解釋當(dāng)前的情況。對于插隊的司機，你可以告訴自己：也許他遇到了緊急情況）可知遇到問題時要克制自己，當(dāng)遇到插隊的司機時的想法告訴我們要用積極的態(tài)度去思考這些問題。A選項“忘記不愉快的處境”；C選項“妥善保護自己”、D選項“避免交通意外”三項不是本質(zhì)，而是具體可以怎么去讓自己的處境變得舒緩一點的方法，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。由題干定位到第一段最后一句話“Followingaretwoofthemajorqualitiesthatmakeupemotionalintelligence,andhowtheycanbedeveloped…”（以下是構(gòu)成情商的兩個主要品質(zhì)，以及如何開發(fā)它們……）可知本文主要圍繞如何開發(fā)情商所展開。A選項“什么是情商”概括不全面，文章不是主要講了情商的定義，有簡單的提及；C選項“擺脫壞心情的策略”、D選項“如何控制自己的直覺”兩項都是如何開發(fā)情商的不同的兩個方法，不能概括整個文章的主旨大意，所以排除。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30millionparticipantsofallages.

問題1選項

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娛樂”；symposium“討論會；座談會”；penalty“懲罰，處罰”。句意：在過去的十五年來，跑步已經(jīng)成為了一種流行的消遣方式，不同年齡段共三千萬人的參與。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.PriortoEinsteinianphysics,therewasnotrulyadequateformulationoftherelationshipoftimetootherforcesintheuniverse,eventhoughsomeempiricalequationsincludedtimequantities.However,eventheEinsteinianformulationisnotperhapstotallyadequatetothejoboffittingtimeintotheproperrelationshipwiththeotherdimensions,astheyarecalled,ofspace.Theprimaryproblemarisesinrelationtothingswhichmightbegoingfasterthanthespeedoflight,orhaveotherstrangeproperties.

ExaminationoftheLorentz-Fitzgeraldformulasyieldstheinterestingspeculationthatifsomethingdidactuallyexceedthespeedoflightitwouldhaveitsmassexpressedasanimaginarynumberandwouldseemtobegoingbackwardsintime.Thebarriertoexceedingthespeedoflightisanapparentneedtohaveaninfinitequantityofmassmovedatexactlythespeedoflight.Ifthissituationcouldbeleapedoverinalargequantumjump-whichseemshighlyunlikelyformassesthatarelargeinnormalcircumstances-thentheothersidemaybeachievable.

Theideaofgoingbackwardsintimeisderivedfromtheexistenceofatimevectorthatisnegative,althoughjustwhatthismightmeantooursensesintheunlikelycircumstanceofourexperiencingthisstatecannotbeconjectured.Therehavebeen,infact,someobservationsofparticlechamberswhichhaveleadsomescientiststospeculatethataparticlecalledthetachyonmayexistwiththetans-lightpropertieswehavejustdiscussed.

Thedifficultiesofimaginingandcopingwiththesepotentialimplicationsofourmathematicalmodelspointsouttheimportanceofstudyingalternativemethodsofnotationforadvancedphysics.ProfessorZuckerkandl,inhisbookSoundandSymbol,hypothesizesthatitmightbebettertoexpresstherelationshipsfoundinquantummechanicsthroughtheuseofanotationderivedfrommusicalnotations.Tooversimplifygreatly,hearguesthatmusichasalwaysgivenparametersordimensions.Therefore,itmightbeamoreusefullanguageinwhichtoexpresstherelationshipsinphysicswheretimeagainhasaspecialroletoplay,andcannotbetreatedasjustanotherdimension.

Thepointofthis,oranyotheralternativetothecurrentmethodsofdescribingbasicphysicalprocesses,isthattimedoesnotappear-eitherbycommonexperienceorsophisticatedscientificunderstanding-tobethesamesortofdimensionorparameterasphysicaldimensions,andisdeservingofcompletelyspecialtreatment,inasystemofnotationdesignedtoaccomplishthatgoal.

Oneapproachwouldbetoconsidertimetobeafieldeffectgovernedbytheapplicationofenergytomass-thatistosay,bytheinteractionofdifferentformsofenergy,ifyouwishtokeepinmindtheequivalenceofmassandenergy.Themovementofanynormalsortofmassisboundtoproduceafieldeffectthatwecallpositivetime.Animaginarymasswouldproduceanegativetimefieldeffect.ThisisnotatvariancewithEinstein’stheories,sincethe“faster”agivenmassmovesthemoreenergywasappliedtoitandthegreaterwouldbethefieldeffect.ThetimeeffectspredictedbyEinsteinandconfirmedbyexperienceare,itseem,consonantwiththisconcept.

1.Thepassagesupportstheinferencethat（）.

2.Thecentralideaofthepassagecanbebestdescribedasbeingwhichofthefollowing?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,itistoosoonto（）.

4.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorseesZuckerkandlasbelievingthatmathematicsisa(n)（）.

5.Inthefirstsentence,theauthorrefersto“philosopher”aswellasto“scientist”because（）.

問題1選項

A.Einstein’stheoryofrelativelyiswrong

B.timetravelisclearlypossible

C.tachyonsdonothavethesamesortofmassasanyotherparticles

D.itisimpossibletotravelatpreciselythespeedoflight

問題2選項

A.Newobservationsrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoriesandnewmethodsofdescribingthenewtheories.

B.Einsteinianphysicscanbemuchimprovedoninitstreatmentoftachyons.

C.Zuckerkandl’stheoriesoftachyonformationarepreferabletoEinstein’s.

D.Anomaliesintheoreticalphysicsnotationpermitintriguinghypothesesandindicatetheneedforrefinednotationofthetimedimension.

問題3選項

A.callBeethovenaphysicist.

B.planfortimetravel.

C.adoptproposalssuchasZuckerkandl’s

D.attempttoimprovecurrentnotation.

問題4選項

A.difficultfieldofstudy.

B.language.

C.necessaryevil.

D.greathindrancetofullunderstanding.

問題5選項

A.thisispartofalargerwork.

B.thenatureoftimeisabasicquestioninphilosophyaswellasphysics.

C.physicistsgetDoctorofPhilosophydegrees.

D.thestudyofthemethodsofanyfieldisaphilosophicalquestion.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thebarriertoexceedingthespeedoflightisanapparentneedtohaveaninfinitequantityofmassmovedatexactlythespeedoflight.Ifthissituationcouldbeleapedoverinalargequantumjump-whichseemshighlyunlikely…”，可知超過光速的障礙顯然是需要有一個無限大的質(zhì)量以光速運動。如果這種情況可以通過一個巨大的量子躍遷來跨越——這似乎極不可能的。可判斷出以光速運動是不可能的。選項D符合題意。

2.主旨題。文章第一段提到總是難以讓時間符合科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家的宇宙觀，即使愛因斯坦的公式也不能完全解釋其中的關(guān)系。如果存在超過光速的物質(zhì)，它可能會落后于時間。下文繼續(xù)提到了新的理論提出如何解決其中的問題，并且與愛因斯坦的理論并不矛盾?？膳袛喑霰疚牡闹行乃枷胧切碌挠^察需要發(fā)展新的理論和描述新理論的新方法。選項A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Theideaofgoingbackwardsintimeisderivedfromtheexistenceofatimevectorthatisnegative,althoughjustwhatthismightmeantooursensesintheunlikelycircumstanceofourexperiencingthisstatecannotbeconjectured.”，可知時間倒流的概念來自于一個負的時間矢量的存在，盡管我們無法推測這對我們的感官意味著什么，當(dāng)我們經(jīng)歷這種狀態(tài)的不太可能的情況的時候，可知人們現(xiàn)階段難以實現(xiàn)時間旅行?？赏茢喑鲇媱潟r間旅行還為時過早。選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Therefore,itmightbeamoreusefullanguageinwhichtoexpresstherelationshipsinphysicswheretimeagainhasaspecialroletoplay,andcannotbetreatedasjustanotherdimension.”，可知他認為數(shù)學(xué)可能是一種更有用的語言，用來表達物理中的關(guān)系，在物理中，時間再次扮演著特殊的角色，而不能僅僅被視為另一個維度?？赏茢喑鯶uckerkandl認為數(shù)學(xué)是一種語言。選項B符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.”，可知對哲學(xué)家或科學(xué)家來說，要把時間融入宇宙觀中一直是困難的?？赏茢喑鰰r間的本質(zhì)是哲學(xué)和物理學(xué)中的一個基本問題。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Webbrowsers!Interactivesoftware!There'salotofnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelationsthesedays,andit'scomingfromavarietyofsources,clients,fearfulthattheyaremissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”,demandsomekindofwhiz-bang（尖端）demonstrationoftechnologyfromagencies.Industrypublicationscontinuouslytoutthelatestandgreatestelectronicinnovations.Collegekidsenterthemarketplaceaimedwithcomputerliteracycompletelyalientomanyveteranpractitioners.Andinsomecases,membersofthemediademandthatinformationbepackagedtoaccommodatetheirparticulartechnologicalpreferences.

Istechnologynowthetailwaggingdog?Theanswer,unequivocally,isno.Technologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen,atoolusedbyprofessionalstohelpthemdotheirjobs.Allofthismillenniumtalkhasproducedanunnecessarylevelofanxietyaboutthenecessityoftechnologicalinnovation一theideathatyouarelight-yearsbehindunlessyouarelight-yearsahead.Relax!Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.Solidresearch,strongwritingskills,creativity,andanappreciationforthevaluesofthemediaarethebackboneoftheprofession,regardlessofhowinformationispackaged.

Evenifthespeedofinformationtransmissionisincreasing,hightechisn'tforeveryone.Allclientsdon'tneedindividualwebpagesandsummariesofchatroomactivity.Whenconsideringapplicationsofnewtechnologies,considertheaudiencesforyourclient.Aretheycomfortablewithtechnology?Dotheyhaveaccesstothedistributionsystemsyouareconsidering?Dotheyhavetheskillsandknowledgetousethesesystems?Dotheynavigatetheweb,useCD-ROMorevenownaVCR?

Considertheimageofthecompanyitself.Thedeliverysystemispartofthemessageandcontributestotheoverallimage,sothepractitionershouldconsiderhowthatsystemaffectstheclient,theproduct,andtheaudiences.

Yes,awebpagecanbeacost-efficientcommunicationtoolwhenyouconsidertheminimalmediacost.Butonceit'supandrunning,you'vegottokeepitfresh,andthatmeansacontinualallocationoftimeandspecializedresources.Inthehyper-speedmodelofcommunications,nothingisolderthaninformationthatisbothoutdatedandon-line.Andtoinformationconsumers,yourwebpagewillceasetobeasourceifitisn'tkeptcurrent.Inthelastpresidentialelection,morethanonecandidatehadproblemswiththeirpersonalwebpagesbecausewebmasterswerenotkeptuptodateonchangesincampaignstrategyandmessages.Thegapbetweenwhatthecandidatewassayingandwhatthewebpagewasshowingbecameastoryinitself.Ifyou'regoingtohaveapresenceontheInternet,youhavetobudgetforregularmaintenance.Otherwise,youareputtingasignupthatsays“toocheaptoberelevant”.

1.Therecententhusiasmfornewtechnologyispartlybroughtonby（）.

2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftherecentnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelations?

3.The“tailwaggingdog”(Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theroleofnewtechnologyinpublicrelations（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatawebpage（）.

問題1選項

A.electronicinnovations

B.thedevelopmentofnewinteractivesoftware

C.consumers'fearofbeingleftbehindthetide

D.thepopularizationoftheWeb

問題2選項

A.Itindicatesasuddenrealizationofanoncomingradicalchangeinpublicrelations.

B.Itremindsusofthefactthattechnologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen.

C.Itissuperficialanddoesnotmeanthatweareusheringinanewage.

D.Itisasuresignthatwearemissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”.

問題3選項

A.theoverwhelminglypredominantthing

B.thedogthattucksitstailbetweenitslegs

C.thethingtobetamedurgently

D.theproblemtobetackledatonce

問題4選項

A.can'tbetooemphasizedintoday'sworld

B.isunnecessarilyexaggerated

C.isnotfullyrecognizedyet

D.ismoreimportanttothecompanythantotheclient

問題5選項

A.canusuallyprovidetheviewerswiththelatestinformation

B.isnotagoodideaunlessitsinformationisupdatedconstantly

C.maytakemoremoneytobesetupandkeptrunningthanimagined

D.canfindextensiveapplicationsinpresidentialelections

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Industrypublicationscontinuouslytoutthelatestandgreatestelectronicinnovations.”行業(yè)出版商不斷吹捧最新的和最偉大的電子創(chuàng)新。所以，人們對新技術(shù)的熱情，有一部分是來源于電子創(chuàng)新。選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第二句“Theanswer,unequivocally,isno.Technologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen,atoolusedbyprofessionalstohelpthemdotheirjobs.”技術(shù)一直是專業(yè)人士用來幫助他們工作的工具。選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，技術(shù)一直是專業(yè)人士用來幫助他們工作的工具。建立良好公共關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)與過去一樣，依舊是：預(yù)測和滿足客戶和媒體的需求,并提供有用的信息和建議。也就是說新技術(shù)并不是公共關(guān)系中起關(guān)鍵作用的主流事物。所以“tailwaggingdog”指具有壓倒性優(yōu)勢的事物，選項A正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第五句“Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.”建立良好公共關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)與過去一樣，依舊是：預(yù)測和滿足客戶和媒體的需求,并提供有用的信息和建議。所以說沒必要夸大新技術(shù)在公共關(guān)系中的作用。選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，網(wǎng)頁一旦啟用，就需要一直的保持新鮮感，也就是說，信息需要不斷的更新。選項B符合原文。

6.單選題

Ifapersonisinastatebetweensleepingandbeingawake,oftenasaresultofheatordrinkingalcohol,hefeels_______.

問題1選項

A.tiresome

B.fatigued

C.drowsy

D.restless

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.tiresome討厭的，令人厭煩的B.fatigued身心交瘁，精疲力竭

C.drowsy困倦的，昏昏欲睡的D.restless坐立不安的，不耐煩的

【答案】C

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞betweensleepingandbeingawake，可知這里指一個人半夢半醒時的感覺，drowsy符合語境，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合語境。

【句意】如果一個人處于半夢半醒的狀態(tài)，通常是由于發(fā)熱或飲酒，他會感到昏昏欲睡。

7.單選題

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandrears,bythelate1970s.neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostatregulatingmoodswhilethebrainisoff-line"Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofZingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents-until,itappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream,visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeisoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”.CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings,sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams

（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavehaddreams?

問題1選項

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

問題2選項

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

問題3選項

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind.

B.developintohappydreams.

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep.

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight.

問題4選項

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontroll

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

問題5選項

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.（一位權(quán)威人士說，這些強大的精神事件不僅可以被利用，而且實際上可以在有意識的控制下，幫助我們睡眠和感覺更好）"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.可知選A。

第2題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortexisrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"可知邊緣系統(tǒng)（“情感大腦”）特別活躍，夢里的感覺會影響一天的情緒，因此選C，作者是為了說明夢與情緒的關(guān)系。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.（大多數(shù)人在晚上入睡的較早階段做更多不好的夢，在快醒來之前，會逐漸做一些更開心的夢，這意味著他們在克服白天產(chǎn)生的負面情緒）因此選D。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.（而該過程不一定是無意識的。Cartwright認為人們練習(xí)有意識地控制反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的惡夢）可知D選項“做夢可能并不完全屬于無意識”符合題意。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”可知只要夢不使我們無法入睡或從夢中驚醒，就幾乎沒有理由關(guān)注我們做的夢，因此對有時做夢的人來說，像以往正常的生活就行，故選A。

8.單選題

TheFordFoundationisoneoftheworld'swealthiestphilanthropicorganizations.

問題1選項

A.profligate

B.governmental

C.humanitarian

D.multinational

【答案】C

【解析】福特基金會是世界上最富有的慈善組織之一。philanthropic意為“博愛的，仁慈的”。profligate放蕩的；governmental政府的，政治的；humanitarian人道主義的，博愛的；multinational多國的。選項C與之意思相近。

9.單選題

After-salesserviceandguaranteebecomeanintegralandessentialpartofa“goodbrand”onbothlocalandregionallevels,andtheprovisionofsuchalsoproducedsolidgroundforcustomerloyalty.

Customerstodayarealotmoredemandingthanbefore.Beingabletofindafter-salesservicecreatesafeelingofconvenienceandasenseofresponsibilityfromthemanufacturer.Thisisveryimportanttobuildcustomerloyaltyandexplainswhymore24-hourshotlinecentersareavailablenowadays.Productguaranteeisalsooneofthemajorfactorswhenapotentialcustomerdecidestomakeapurchase.Whetherthisbeintheformofawrittenguaranteeoraguaranteebasedonreputation,theimportancetotheconsumerisself-evident.

Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment,anunavoidableinvestment,usuallybackupsafetyguaranteesformarketersnowadays.Producttestingandrefinementareconductedforbothnewandexistingproducts.Withthehelpofcomputerizedmachinery,qualitycontrolhasachievedthehighestlevelthaneverbeforetoenableconsistencyinproduction.Fortheconsumerthismeansaqualityofguaranteeforthatbrandwhetheritbeavailableathomeorabroad.

11.After-salesserviceandguaranteecanproduce____.

12.More24-hourhotlinecentersappearbecause____.

13.Productguarantee____.

14.Producttestingandrefinementareconductedfor____.

15.WhichisNOTmentionedconcerningproductguarantee?

問題1選項

A.solidgroundforcustomerloyalty

B.asenseofresponsibility

C.afeelingofconvenience

D.asenseofsatisfaction

問題2選項

A.moreandmorecustomersdemandafter-salesservices

B.therearemoreandmorecomplaintsfromcustomers

C.morecompaniescometorealizetheimportanceofafter-salesservice

D.theyhavebecomeanewtypeofinvestment

問題3選項

A.mustbeinwrittenform

B.canbebasedonthecompany’sreputation

C.isnotoftenprovidedbythecompanies

D.oftenfailstomeetinreality

問題4選項

A.newproductsonly

B.qualityproducts

C.dangerousproducts

D.bothnewandexistingproducts

問題5選項

A.Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment.

B.Producttestingandrefinement.

C.Qualitycontrol.

D.Productdistribution.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】11.【選項釋義】

After-salesserviceandguaranteecanproduce____.售后服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品保證可以產(chǎn)生____。

A.solidgroundforcustomerloyaltyA.客戶忠誠度的堅實基礎(chǔ)

B.asenseofresponsibilityB.責(zé)任感

C.afeelingofconvenienceC.一種便利的感覺

D.asenseofsatisfactionD.滿足感

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞After-salesserviceandguarantee和produce定位到原文第一段。該段提到“售后服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品保證（After-salesserviceandguarantee）成為一個