考研考博-英語-南京曉莊學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京曉莊學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thepopularbookwas（

）byapanelofexperts,workinginconjunctionwiththepublisher.

問題1選項

A.composed

B.comprised

C.conceived

D.compiled

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。Compose“構成；寫作”；comprise“包含，由……組成”；conceive“懷孕；構思”；compile“編譯，編制”。句意：這本頗受歡迎的書是由專家小組編制而成，與出版社互相協(xié)調而成的。選項D符合題意。

2.不定項選擇題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,which-includestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromdearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEoftheHawaiiannatives?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

3.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

4.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

5.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

問題1選項

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

C.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

D.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

問題2選項

A.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

B.HeisHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor.

C.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

D.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

問題3選項

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.TheKaLahuigroup.

C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

問題4選項

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheUS

問題5選項

A.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

B.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

C.theKaLahui

D.peopleofFilipinoorigin

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由B選項關鍵詞“worsethan”可以定位到文章第二段第一句TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.（這些島嶼在1898年被美國吞并，自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都過得更糟糕。），說明夏威夷的土著居民和其他民族比起來生活更糟糕。因此B選項“他們的生活比夏威夷其他民族的生活更糟糕”正確。由A選項關鍵詞“homeless”可以定位到第二段第二句Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless（他們占該州無家可歸者的60%以上），說明超過60％的夏威夷土著人無家可歸，但其中并不包括失業(yè)的人數(shù)，所以A選項“他們中有60%的人無家可歸或失業(yè)”錯誤。由C選項關鍵詞“sovereignty”可以定位到第二段最后一句TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.（他們是美國唯一沒有某種程度自治權的主要原住民群體。），指的是主要原住民群體，所以C選項“他們是唯一沒有主權的土著群體”錯誤。由D選項關鍵詞“l(fā)ifespan”可以定位到第二段第二句andtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians（壽命比夏威夷人的平均壽命短5年），指的是比夏威夷人的壽命短，而不是一般的美國人，所以D選項“他們的壽命比一般美國人短5年”錯誤。

第2題:客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞“JohnWaihee”可以定位到文章第三段，前半部分說到asovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee（夏威夷第一任土著州長約翰?韋希建立的一個主權咨詢委員會），說明JohnWaihee是夏威夷第一任土著州長，由他成立了主權咨詢委員會，所以B選項“他是夏威夷的第一位土著州長”和C選項“他成立了一個主權咨詢委員會”表述正確。后半部分說到hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.（建議由夏威夷土著人自己決定是否重新建立一個擁有主權的夏威夷國家，從而極大地推動了土著人的事業(yè)。），說明JohnWaihee建議由夏威夷土著人自己決定是否建立主權國家，所以D選項“他建議土著人自己決定”表述正確。A選項“他正在領導當?shù)氐莫毩⑦\動”在文中沒有提及，因此本題選A。

第3題:客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞“l(fā)essradical”可以定位到文章第四段第三句ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.（這一立場得到了夏威夷事務辦公室的支持。OHA成立于1978年，是一個代表原住民利益的國家機構，現(xiàn)在已經成為原住民主權運動的溫和代言人。），說明夏威夷事務辦公室在主權問題上的態(tài)度是溫和、不激進的，題干中的lessradical和原文中的moderate對應。因此C選項“夏威夷事務辦公室”正確。A選項“美國印第安土著人”，B選項“卡拉會群體”，D選項“夏威夷土著人”，文中都表明了他們希望享有更大的自治權，所以A,B,D錯誤。

第4題:客觀細節(jié)題。由A選項關鍵詞“greaterautonomy”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate（有些人只是想在州內享有更大的自治權），所以A選項“在州內享有更大的自治權”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除A。由C選項關鍵詞“crownland”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.（他們還希望政府接受他們對66萬公頃夏威夷王室土地的所有權。），所以C選項“對夏威夷王室土地的所有權要求”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除C。由D選項關鍵詞“fullindependence”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.（更有野心的是卡拉會群體，該群體于1987年宣布自己是一個新國家，并希望完全、正式地從美國獨立出來。），所以D此處“完全獨立于美國”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除D。由B選項關鍵詞“crownland”可以定位到文章最后一段第二、三、四句Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.（他們還希望政府接受他們對66萬公頃夏威夷王室土地的所有權。正是在這個問題上，土著群體面臨著來自國家當局的最大反對。1993年，州政府向OHA支付了1.36億美元的王室土地欠租，許多官員表示，接受這筆款項后，OHA就放棄了對土地的合法所有權。），說明夏威夷土著人要求的是對王室土地的所有權，而不是更多的欠租。因此B選項“更多的王室土地欠租”不符合夏威夷土著人的要求，本題選B。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞“nativeminority”可以定位到文章第二段第一句sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.（自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都過得更糟糕。），說明“Hawaii’snativeminority”指的是夏威夷本地的一個少數(shù)民族。因此B選項“夏威夷的族群”正確。A選項“有50%夏威夷血統(tǒng)的人”，C選項“卡拉會群體”，D選項“菲律賓裔人”均不能完整概括夏威夷土著民族的含義，所以A，C，D錯誤。

3.單選題

Fromtheearlydaysofbroadband,advocatesforconsumersandweb-basedcompaniesworriedthatthecableandphonecompaniessellingbroadbandconnectionshadthepowerandincentivetofavoraffiliatedwebsitesovertheirrivals'.That'swhytherehasbeensuchastrongdemandforrulesthatwouldpreventbroadbandprovidersfrompickingwinnersandlosersonline,preservingthefreedomandinnovationthathavebeenthelifebloodoftheInternet.

Yetthatdemandhasbeenalmostimpossibletofill—inpartbecauseofpushbackfrombroadbandproviders,anti-regulatoryconservativesandthecourts.AfederalappealscourtweighedinagainTuesday,butinsteadofprovidingabadlyneededresolution,itonlyprolongedthefight.

AtissuebeforetheU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaCircuitwasthelatesttakeoftheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)onnetneutrality,adoptedonaparty-linevotein2017.TheRepublican-pennedordernotonlyeliminatedthestrictnetneutralityrulestheFCChadadoptedwhenithadaDemocraticmajorityin2015,butrejectedthecommission'sauthoritytorequirebroadbandproviderstodomuchofanything.Theorderalsodeclaredthatstateandlocalgovernmentscouldn'tregulatebroadbandproviderseither.

Thecommissionarguedthatotheragencieswouldprotectagainstanti-competitivebehavior,suchasabroadband-providingconglomeratelikeAT&Tfavoringitsownvideo-streamingserviceattheexpenseofNetflixandAppleTV.YettheFCCalsoendedtheinvestigationsofbroadbandprovidersthatimposeddatacapsontheirrivals'streamingservicesbutnottheirown.

OnTuesday,theappealscourtunanimouslyupheldthe2017orderderegulatingbroadbandproviders,citingaSupremeCourtrulingfrom2005thatupheldasimilarlyderegulatorymove.ButJudgePatriciaMillettrightlyarguedinaconcurringopinionthat“theresultisunhingedfromtherealitiesofmodernbroadbandservice,”andsaidCongressortheSupremeCourtcouldinterveneto“avoidtrappingInternetregulationintechnologicalanachronism.”

Inthemeantime,thecourtthrewouttheFCC'sattempttoblockallstaterulesonnetneutrality,whilepreservingthecommission'spowertopreemptindividualstatelawsthatundermineitsorder.ThatmeansmorebattlesliketheonenowgoingonbetweentheJusticeDepartmentandCalifornia,whichenactedatoughnetneutralitylawinthewakeoftheFCC'sabdication.

Theendlesslegalbattlesandback-and-forthattheFCCcryoutforCongresstoact.Itneedstogivethecommissionexplicitauthorityonceandforalltobarbroadbandprovidersfrommeddlinginthetrafficontheirnetworkandtocreateclearrulesprotectingopennessandinnovationonline.

1.Therehaslongbeenconcernthatbroadbandprovideswould（

）.

2.Facedwiththedemandfornetneutralityrules,theFCC（

）.

3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAT&TfromParagraph3?

4.JudgePatriciaMillettarguesthattheappealscourt'sdecision

（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorargueinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.bringweb-basedfirmsundercontrol

B.slowdownthetrafficontheirnetwork

C.showpartialityintreatingclients

D.intensifycompetitionwiththeirrivals

問題2選項

A.stickstoanout-of-dateorder

B.takesananti-regulatorystance

C.hasissuedaspecialresolution

D.hasallowedthestatestointervene

問題3選項

A.Itprotectsagainstunfaircompetition.

B.Itengagesinanti-competitivepractices.

C.ItisundertheFCC'sinvestigation.

D.Itisinpursuitofqualityservice.

問題4選項

A.focusesontrivialities

B.conveysanambiguousmessage

C.isatoddswithitsearlierrulings

D.isoutoftouchwithreality

問題5選項

A.Congressneedstotakeactiontoensurenetneutrality.

B.TheFCCshouldbeputunderstrictsupervision.

C.Rulesneedtobesettodiversifyonlineservices.

D.Broadbandproviders'rightsshouldbeprotected.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

4.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptionsinthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisagraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.

Myfavoritequotationisthesentenceabove,writtenbyDisraeli.Ithashelpedmethroughmanyapainfulexperience.Oftenweallowourselvestobeupsetsmallthingsweshoulddespiseandforget.Perhapssomemanwehelpedhasprovedungrateful...somewomanwebelievedtobeafriendhasspokenillofus...somerewardwethoughtwedeservedhasbeendeniedus.Wefeelsuchearthdisappointmentsostronglythatwecannolongerworkorsleep.But,isn’tthatabsurd?Hereweareonthisearth,withonlyafewmoredecadestolive,andwelosemanyirreplaceablehoursbroodingovergrievancesthat,inayear’stime,willbeforgottenbyusandbyeverybody.No,letusdevoteourlifetoworthwhileactionsandfeelings,togreatthoughts,realaffectionsandenduringundertakings.Forlifeistooshorttobelittle.

【答案】從心理上講，人到老年有兩種危險需要防范。一種是對過去的過度吸收。不能活在回憶中，活在對過去美好時光的悔恨中，活在對死去的朋友的悲傷中。人的思想必須指向未來，指向未來需要完成的事情。這并不總是容易的。一個人的過去是一份不斷加重的負擔，人們容易認為自己過去的情感比現(xiàn)在強烈，過去的頭腦比現(xiàn)在敏銳。如果這是真的，就應該忘記它；如果它能被忘掉，那么它將不是事實。

我最喜歡的引語就是上面這句由迪斯雷利寫的話。它幫助我度過了許多痛苦的經歷。我們通常讓自己為一些我們本應不屑一顧，拋諸腦后的小事苦惱。可能是我們幫助過的某人忘恩負義……那些我們以為是朋友的某女士在背后詆毀我們……沒能得到我們自認為應得的獎賞。我們對這些事情感到極度失望，以至于難以工作和睡覺。但是，這不是很荒唐嗎？我們在這個地球上，只有幾十年生命，可是卻浪費了許多一去不復返的時間去沉思那些在一年之內自己與別人都會忘懷的冤屈。不！讓我們把生命奉獻給有價值的行為和感情，奉獻給偉大的思想、真正的情感和不朽的事業(yè)。因為生命太短，不能被瑣事耽誤。

5.單選題

GreatBritainandFrancewillholda（）regardingsomeEuropeaneconomicproblems.

問題1選項

A.conference

B.reference

C.conversion

D.cooperation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項conference“會議，討論，協(xié)商”；B選項reference“參考，涉及”；C選項conversion“轉換”；D選項cooperation“合作”。句意：英國和法國將就一些歐洲經濟問題舉行會議。選項A符合語境。

6.單選題

Whathesaidjustnowhadlittletodowiththequestiondiscussion（）.

問題1選項

A.on

B.in

C.under

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他剛才說的話和正在討論的問題關系不大。

考查固定搭配。Underdiscussion在討論中。

7.單選題

TheremaybenobetterexampleofwhatismeantbypreventivemedicinethanthestrategyofVaccination.Ahealthypersonisgivenatinytasteofavirus—fluorpolio,say—that’stooweaktocauseillnessbutjustenoughtointroducethebodytothepathogen.Iftheviruslatershowsupforreal,theimmunesystemisprimedandwaitingforit.

That’sclosetohowacancervaccineworks,butnotprecisely.Mostexpertsseecancervaccinesasahybridoftreatmentandprevention.Whileit’struethattheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationhasapprovedvaccinesagainstcervicalandlivercancer,botharedesignedtofightthevirusesmostresponsibleforcausingthedisease,asopposedtotargetingcanceritself—humanpapillomavirus(HPV;人乳頭瘤病毒)inthecaseofcervicalcancerandhepatitisBinthecaseoflivertumors.

Usingvaccinestopreventnonviralcancersinsomeonewhoisdisease-freeisawholedifferentmater.Foronething,it’smuchmoredifficulttodetermineaperson’schanceofdevelopingaparticulartypeofcancerthanitistodeterminethelikelihoodofbeingexposedto,say,theinfluenzavirusorchickenpox.Whatpassesfor“exposure”inthecaseofnonviralcancersisacombinationofgenesandenvironmentandarangeofotherXfactorsthatcanvaryfrompersontoperson.Howdoyouvaccinateagainstyourfamilylegacyofbreastcanceroryourconstantexposuretosecondhandcigarettesmoke?

Butthatdoesn’tmeantheimmunesystemcan’tbeexploitedinadifferentway.Cancervaccineswouldideallybeusedinpatientswhosediseasehasalreadybeendiagnosedandtreatedwithsurgery,chemotherapyorradiation.Theywouldthenbeimmunizedasawaytopreventthecancerfromcomingbackandspreading.Suchmetastasesareactuallytheleadingcauseofdeathfromcancer.“Thecharmofworkingwiththeimmunesystemisthatwecanusethebody’sowndefensemechanismstopossiblygettothatlastcancercelloratleastcreateasurveillancesystemthatkeepsthatcancerundercontrol,”saysanoncologist.

1.Thefirstparagraphismeanttodescribe（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofvaccinesagainstcancer?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyisitdifficulttousevaccinestopreventnon-viralcancers?

4.Fromthecontext,whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“passesfor‘exposure’”?

5.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theevolutionofvaccination

B.themechanismofvaccination

C.thesignificanceofvaccination

D.thepopularizationofvaccination

問題2選項

A.Theyareboththerapeuticandpreventive.

B.Vaccinesagainstcervicalcanceralsoworkonlivercancer.

C.Vaccinescanreplaceothertherapeuticmodalitiesforcancer.

D.Theystrictlyfollowthemechanismoftraditionalvaccination.

問題3選項

A.Becausetoomanyfactorsmakeithardtodeterminethemaincauses.

B.Becausegeneticmakeupplaysadominantroleincancerdevelopment.

C.Becausethedevelopmentofsuchvaccinesrequiresenormousinvestment.

D.Becauseliteratureislimitedontheefficacyofvaccinesfornon-viralcancers.

問題4選項

A.The“exposure”inantiviralvaccinationandanticancervaccinationisdifferent.

B.The“exposure”incancervaccinationdoesnotproduceanylong-termeffect.

C.“Exposure”isauselessconceptwhencancerisgenetically-determined.

D.Constant“exposure”tosomethingmaymaketheexposureineffective.

問題5選項

A.vaccinationisabletopreventtheoccurrenceofcancer

B.cancervaccinesmayreplacetheconventionaltherapies

C.cancervaccinesmaycontrolthecancerrecurrencesandmetastases

D.vaccinationagainstcancerispossibleintheorybutalmostimpossibleinreality

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Thefirstparagraphismeanttodescribe（）.第一段是為了描述____。

A.theevolutionofvaccinationA.疫苗的發(fā)展

B.themechanismofvaccinationB.疫苗接種機制

C.thesignificanceofvaccinationC.接種疫苗的意義

D.thepopularizationofvaccinationD.疫苗接種的普及

【答案】B

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據出處提示詞firstparagraph與題干信息可定位至原文第一段第一句“預防醫(yī)學中，沒有比疫苗注射策略更好的例子了”，推斷第一段主要是向我們介紹疫苗注射后是如何起作用的，所以B選項“疫苗接種機制”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“疫苗的發(fā)展”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

C選項“接種疫苗的意義”文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

D選項“疫苗接種的普及”屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingistrueofvaccinesagainstcancer?關于癌癥疫苗，下列哪項是正確的？

A.Theyareboththerapeuticandpreventive.A.它們既具有治療作用又具有預防作用。

B.Vaccinesagainstcervicalcanceralsoworkonlivercancer.B.宮頸癌疫苗對肝癌也有效。

C.Vaccinescanreplaceothertherapeuticmodalitiesforcancer.C.疫苗可以替代癌癥的其他治療方式。

D.Theystrictlyfollowthemechanismoftraditionalvaccination.D.它們嚴格遵循傳統(tǒng)的疫苗接種機制。

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據題干信息可定位至原文第二段第二句“大多數(shù)專家認為癌癥疫苗是治療和預防的結合”，由此句可知A選項“它們既具有治療作用又具有預防作用”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“宮頸癌疫苗對肝癌也有效?！保闹刑岬健斑@兩種疫苗都是為了對抗引起疾病的主要病毒，而不是針對癌癥”，所以該選項屬于過度推斷；

C選項“疫苗可以替代癌癥的其他治療方式?！?，與原文意思不符，屬于反向干擾；

D選項“它們嚴格遵循傳統(tǒng)的疫苗接種機制。”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whyisitdifficulttousevaccinestopreventnon-viralcancers?根據文章，為什么使用疫苗來預防非病毒性癌癥如此困難？

A.Becausetoomanyfactorsmakeithardtodeterminethemaincauses.A.因為太多的因素使得很難確定主要的原因。

B.Becausegeneticmakeupplaysadominantroleincancerdevelopment.B.因為基因組成在癌癥發(fā)展中起著主導作用。

C.Becausethedevelopmentofsuchvaccinesrequiresenormousinvestment.C.因為開發(fā)這種疫苗需要巨大的投資。

D.Becauseliteratureislimitedontheefficacyofvaccinesfornon-viralcancers.D.因為文獻對非病毒性癌癥的疫苗療效有限。

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據題干信息可定位至原文第三段最后兩句“在非病毒性癌癥中，所謂的‘接觸’是基因、環(huán)境和一系列因人而異的其他未知因素的結合。試問你如何接種疫苗來預防你的家族遺傳性乳腺癌或抵制長期接觸的二手煙？”推斷非病毒性癌癥致病的因素是一系列綜合因素，無法通過接種疫苗來免疫。所以A選項“因為太多的因素使得很難確定主要的原因?！狈项}意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“因為基因組成在癌癥發(fā)展中起著主導作用?！?，原文中只說家族遺傳的很難用疫苗來預防，并未說其組成占主導地位，這里偷換概念；

C選項“因為開發(fā)這種疫苗需要巨大的投資?！?，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

D選項“因為文獻對非病毒性癌癥的疫苗療效有限?！保闹袥]有提及屬于無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

Fromthecontext,whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“passesfor‘exposure’”?從上下文來看，作者說“通行證是‘接觸’”是什么意思？

A.The“exposure”inantiviralvaccinationandanticancervaccinationisdifferent.A.在抗病毒疫苗接種和抗癌疫苗接種中的“接觸”是不同的。

B.The“exposure”incancervaccinationdoesnotproduceanylong-termeffect.B.癌癥疫苗的“接觸”不會產生任何長期的影響。

C.“Exposure”isauselessconceptwhencancerisgenetically-determined.C.當癌癥是由基因決定的時候，“接觸”是一個無用的概念。

D.Constant“exposure”tosomethingmaymaketheexposureineffective.D.持續(xù)地“接觸”某些東西可能會使接觸變得無效。

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞“passesfor‘exposure’（通過‘接觸’所傳遞的事物）”可將信息點定位至原文第三段倒數(shù)第二句“在非病毒性癌癥中，所謂的‘接觸’是基因、環(huán)境和一系列因人而異的其他未知因素的組合”，再結合本段第一句“使用疫苗來預防無病人的非病毒性癌癥是完全不同的事情。”由這兩句可知A選項“在抗病毒疫苗接種和抗癌疫苗接種中的‘接觸’是不同的。”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“癌癥疫苗的‘接觸’不會產生任何長期的影響?！?，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

C選項“當癌癥是由基因決定的時候，‘接觸’是一個無用的概念?！?，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“持續(xù)地‘接觸’某些東西可能會使接觸變得無效?！?，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat（）.從最后一段我們可以得出結論____。

A.vaccinationisabletopreventtheoccurrenceofcancerA.接種疫苗可以預防癌癥的發(fā)生

B.cancervaccinesmayreplacetheconventionaltherapiesB.癌癥疫苗可能會取代傳統(tǒng)療法

C.cancervaccinesmaycontrolthecancerrecurrencesandmetastasesC.癌癥疫苗可以控制癌癥的復發(fā)和轉移

D.vaccinationagainstcancerispossibleintheorybutalmostimpossibleinrealityD.接種癌癥疫苗在理論上是可能的，但在現(xiàn)實中幾乎是不可能的

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據提示詞lastParagraph與題干信息可定位至原文最后一段第二、三句“理想情況下，癌癥疫苗將用于那些已經通過手術、化療或放療進行診斷和治療的患者。讓他們形成免疫能力，以防止癌癥復發(fā)和擴散。”由這兩句可知C選項“癌癥疫苗可以控制癌癥的復發(fā)和轉移”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“接種疫苗可以預防癌癥的發(fā)生”，文中并沒有說接種疫苗后就不會發(fā)生癌癥，屬于過度推斷；

B選項“癌癥疫苗可能會取代傳統(tǒng)療法”，文中只是說運用了疫苗這個方法，并沒有說取代，屬于過度推斷；

D選項“接種癌癥疫苗在理論上是可能的，但在現(xiàn)實中幾乎是不可能的”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

8.翻譯題

Whileithasgraduallybeenintegratedintotheglobalsupplychain,China’smanufacturingsectorhashadtoconfrontenormouschallenges.Intermsofcapacityforscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,Chinaranks28thoutof49majorcountriesaroundtheglobe.WiththatrankingChinaisnotonlybehindthedevelopedworld,butalsobehindBrazil,Indiaandsomeotherdevelopingcountries.Inrecentyears,withgrowingamountsofdirectforeigninvestmentandtheadventofglobalization,multinationalshavequickenedthepaceoftechnologytransfers,affordingthecountryanopportunitytolearnthelatesttechnologies.

【答案】雖然中國已經逐漸進入全球供應鏈，但其制造業(yè)不得不面對巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。就科技創(chuàng)新能力而言，中國在全球49個主要國家中排名第28位。按照這樣的排名，中國不僅落后于發(fā)達國家，而且落后于巴西、印度和其他一些發(fā)展中國家。近年來，隨著外商直接投資的增加和全球化的到來，跨國公司加快了技術轉讓步伐，為中國提供了學習最新技術的機會。

9.單選題

Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand（）toexpressedthoughts.

問題1選項

A.dilemmas

B.countenances

C.concessions

D.junctions

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。dilemmas“困境”；countenances“面容；表情”；concessions“讓步；特權”；junctions“連接”，根據句子結構可知此處要填的名詞與eyes是并列的，四個選項中只有countenances能夠與eyes并列并表達出符合邏輯的句子意思。句意：人們可以通過觀察別人眼睛和……快速的反映或表情來更好的了解對方。因此選項B為正確答案。

10.單選題

He（

）outragebycallingtheTVprogrammes“talkingwallpaper”.

問題1選項

A.provoked

B.evoked

C.revoked

D.invoked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。provoke“激起，挑釁”；evoke“引起，喚起，博得”；revoke“撤回，取消，廢除”；invoke“調用，換氣”。句意：他稱那個電視節(jié)目為“會說話的壁紙”激起了憤怒。選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Weareto（）10,000,000computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.

問題1選項

A.turnin

B.turnout

C.turnup

D.turnto

【答案】B

【解析】turnin"交上,歸還";turnout"證明是,結果是,生產";turnup"出現(xiàn),發(fā)生";turnto"變成,求助于"。句意:我們計劃明年生產一萬臺電腦以滿足市場的需求。turnout在這里是生產的意思,所以選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

Afteraperiodofintroversionandstunnedself-disbelief,continentalEuropeangovernmentswillrecovertheirenthusiasmforpan-Europeaninstitution-buildingin2007.WhethertheEuropeanpublicwillwelcomeareturntowhatvotersintwocountrieshadrejectedsoshortatimebeforeisanothermatter.

ThereareseveralreasonsforEurope’srecoveringself-confidence.ForyearsEuropeaneconomieshadbeenlaggingdismallybehindAmerica(tosaynothingofAsia),butin2006thelargecontinentaleconomieshadoneoftheirbestyearsforadecade,brieflyoutstrippingAmericaintermsofgrowth.Sincepoliticsoftenreactstoeconomicchangewithalag,2006’simprovementineconomicgrowthwillhaveitsimpactin2007,thoughtherecoverymaybeebbingbythen.

Thecomingyearalsomarksaparticularpointinapoliticalcyclesoregularthatitalmostseemstoamounttoanaturallaw.Everyfourorfiveyears,Europeancountriestakealargestridetowardsfurtherintegrationbysigninganewtreaty:theMaastrichttreatyin1992,theTreatyofAmsterdamin1997,theTreatyofNicein2001.Andin2005theyweresupposedtoratifyaEuropeanconstitution,layingthegroundforyetmoreintegration—untilthecalmrhythmwasrudelyshatteredbyFrenchandDutchvoters.Butthepoliticalimpetustosignsomethingeveryfourorfiveyearshasonlybeeninterrupted,notimmobilized,bythissetback.

In2007theEuropeanUnionmarksthe50thanniversaryofanothertreaty—theTreatyofRome,itsfoundingcharter.Governmentleadershavealreadyagreedtocelebrateitceremoniously,restatingtheircommitmentto“evercloserunion”andthebasicidealsofEuropeanunity.Byitself,andinnormalcircumstances,theEU’s50th-birthdaygreetingtoitselfwouldbefairlymeaningless,aroutineexpressionofEuropeangoodfellowship.ButitdoesnottakeaMachiavellitospotthatoncegovernmentshavesignedthedeclaration(anditseemsunlikelyanyonewouldbesouncollegiateastovetoit)theywillalreadybehalfwaytowardscommittingthemselvestoanewtreaty.Allthatwillbenecessarywillbetoincorporatethe50th-anniversarydeclarationintoanewtreatycontaininganumberofinstitutionalandotherreformsextractedfromthefailedattemptatconstitution-buildingand—heypresto—anewquasi-constitutionwillbeready.

AccordingtotheGermangovernment—whichholdstheEU’sagenda-settingpresidencyduringthefirsthalfof2007—therewillbeanewdraftofaslimmed-downconstitutionreadybythemiddleoftheyear,perhapstoputtovoters,perhapsnot.Therewouldthenbeacoupleofyearsinwhichitwillbediscussed,approvedbyparliamentsand,perhaps,puttovotersifthatisdeemedunavoidable.Then,accordingtobureaucraticplannersinBrusselsandBerlin,blithelyignoringthepossibilityofpublicrejection,thewholethingwillbesigned,sealedandanewconstitutiondeliveredin2009-10.Europewillbenicelybackonschedule.Itsfour-to-five-yearcycleofintegrationwillhavemissedonlyonebeat.

TheresurrectionoftheEuropeanconstitutionwillbemademorelikelyin2007becauseofwhatishappeninginnationalcapitals.TheEuropeanUnionisnotreallyanautonomousorganization.Ifitfunctions,itisbecausetheleadersofthebigcontinentalcountrieswantitto,reckoningthatanactiveEuropeanpolicywillhelpthemgetdonewhattheywanttodointheirowncountries.

Thatdidnothappenin2005-2006.Defensive,cynicalandself-destructive,theleadersofthethreelargesteuro-zonecountries—France,ItalyandGermany—werestumblingtowardstheirunlamentedends.TheysawnoreasontopursueanysortofEuropeanpolicyandtheEU,asaresult,barelyfunctioned.Butbythemiddleof2007allthreewillhavegone,andthisfactalonewilltransformtheEuropeanpoliticallandscape.

Theupshotisthatthepoliticsofthethreelargecontinentalcountries,bureaucraticmomentumandtheeconomicsofrecoverywillallbealignedtogiveapushtowardsintegrationin2007.Thatdoesnotmeanthemomentumwillbeirresistibleorevenpopular.TheBritishgovernment,forone,willalmostcertainlynotwanttogowiththeflow,beginningyetanotherchapterinthelonghistoryofconfrontationbetweenBritainandtherestofEurope.Moreimportant,thevoterswillwantasay.Theyrejectedtheconstitutionin2005.Itwouldbefoolishtoassumethe