考研考博-英語-南京工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.寫作題

High-speedelectroniccommunicationsmedia,suchaselectronicmail,telephoneandtelevision,tendtopreventmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication.

Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.

Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeandexperienceandsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.

【答案】Nowadaysnoonewoulddoubtthatelectroniccommunicationmediareachamuchbiggeraudienceataspeedthatpalesevenforerunnersafewdecadesago.However,whethersuchhighspeedmeansastelevisionande-mailhavehandicappedmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunicationhasbeencalledintodoubt.Infact,oneneedsnottogofartofindthatthesedoubtsaregroundless.

Farfrombeinganimpediment,highspeedelectronicmediastepupthecommunicationofmeaningfulandinsightfulideas.Inprevioustimes,mostofcommunicationwascarriedoutbymaildeliveredbypostmenhurryingincartspulledbyhorses.Thiswasundoubtedlyslowandfullofmistakesinaddressinganddelivery.Thingsbecameworseifweatherwasinclement.In19thcentury,greatwriters,suchasTolstoy,BalzacandMoiposson,spentmonthswaitingforimportantresponsesfromtheirpublishersandpeerfriends.However,whatisneedintheeraofe-mailisaclicktosendaninsightfulreview,abrilliantideaoranenlighteningpapertotheotherhemisphere.

Besides,itinvolvedprohibitivecostsofmoneyandtimetogetthoughtfulworks,whetheraplay,anovelormusicalcomposition,toalargeaudiencethatthegreatnessoftheworksoughttoreach.Bestsellersbyscintillatingnames,forexample,Dickens,Dumas,Hugo,hardlyapproachedthethresholdofamillion.TodayTVsandInternetcanplacenovels,dramaorthoughtsatthefocusofnationalattentionwithinminutes.Neverhasitbeenmoreconvenienttoconductthoughtfulandmeaningfulcommunicationwithhighspeedelectronicmediaastoday.

Notonlydohighspeedelectronicmediacontributemuchtoquicklycommunicatingthoughtfulandmeaningfulideasorworks,theyalsoenhancetheirproduction.TVsandInternetopenupnewfieldsofperceptionandbroadenourhorizon,bringingmyriadsofnewknowledgebeforeourinquiringminds.Withtherichnessandcompletenessofinformationavailable,wearemorereadytocomeupwithmeaningfulandholisticideassinceinsularityhampersperceptionandyieldsbigotry.What'smore,thevividnessofTVsandhighlyinteractivenatureofe-mailhelpdrawcloserthemindsofpeopleofdifferentskincolorsandnationalities,fosteringcuriosityandasenseofunity.Thisinturnpromotesthereadinesstoahigherstageofmeaningfulandin-depthcommunication.IntheHollywoodclassicYou'veGotMail,TomHanksandMegRyandemonstrateswhatanamazingaltitudecommunicationthroughemailcanreach.Meaningfulnessandinsightalwaysresultfromthesamethings—perceptionandloveoftruth,candorandtrust,andreadinesstoshareideasandskillinself-expression.Theeaseandrichnessofhighspeedelectronicmediaaddnewstrengthtothesethingsinbringingforthinsightsincommunication.

Admittedly,therearelotsoftrashadsandunwholesomecontentsinTVshowsande-mails,whichconstituterealthreatstomeaningfulcommunication.ButweshouldnotbalkatpromotingtheusageofemailorwatchingTVprograms.Weshouldseethetremendousjointeffortsbyemailserviceproviders,TVprogramproducersandlegislationtogetridoftrashinformationthatstandsinthewayofcustomerrightsandmeaningfulcommunication.ThehopeforacleanandclearspacebothinTVandcyberspaceisgrowingbigger.

Highspeedelectronicmediaareblessingformeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication,thoughtherearespotsthatmaymartheirperfection.Weshouldembracethemandhelpthemgrowwholesomely.

2.單選題

Thiscountry'sdevelopmentofsciencewasgreatlyunderminedforlargenumbersofscientific（）wereejectedfromtheirmotherlandsincethedictatorcameintopower.

問題1選項

A.galaxy

B.elite

C.personnel

D.swarm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:galaxy“銀河”；B:elite“精英”；C:personnel“全體人員”；D:swarm“一大群”。句意：這個國家的科學(xué)發(fā)展受到嚴(yán)重破壞，因為自從獨裁者掌握政權(quán)，大量的科學(xué)精英就離開了故鄉(xiāng)。由句意可知B為正確答案。

3.單選題

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?Whyisthecurrentpoliticsofwealthandpovertyseeminglyaboutwealthalone?Eightyearsago,whenBillClintonfirstranforpresident,theDowJonesaveragewasunder3,500,yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond,andnoonetalkedaboutthe“permanentboom”orthe“neweconomy”.Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof“notleavingasinglepersonbehind”.Itispossiblethatsimilar“compassionate”rhetoricmightyetplayaroleinthegeneralelection.

Butitisstrikinghowmuchlesstalkthereisaboutthepoorthantherewaseightyearsago,whenthecountrywaseconomicallyuncertain,orinpreviouseras,whenthecountyfeltflush.Evenlastsummer,whenClintonspentseveraldaysonaremarkabletourthroughimpoverishedareasfromIndianreservationsinSouthDakotatoghettoneighborhoodsinEastSt.Louis,theadministrationdecidedtorefertotheeffortnotasapovertytourbutasa“newmarketinitiative”.

Whatishappeningispartlyalogical,policy-drivenreaction.Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.Themostattractivesolutiontoit—agrowingeconomy—isbeingapplied.Thepeoplewhohavebeentotallyleftoutofthisboomoftenhavemedical,mentalorotherproblemsforwhichnoonehasanimmediatesolution.“Theeconomyhassuckedinanyonewhohasanypreparation,anyabilitytocopewithmodernlife,”saysFranklinD.Raines,theformerdirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudgetwhoisnowheadofFannieMac.Whenheandotherpeoplewhospecializeintheissuetalkaboutsolutions,theytalkanalyticallyandonalongtermbasis:education,developmentofworksill,shiftsinthelabormarket,andadjustmentsinwelfarereform.

ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.ItistheunusualsocialandimaginativeseparationbetweenprosperousAmericaandthosestillleftout.It’ssimpleinvisibilitybecauseofincreasinggeographic,occupational,andsocialbarriersthatblockonegroupfromtheother’sview.

26.Whatdoestheword“straitened”inthefirstparagraphmean?

27.Whatisoneimportantreasonwhywedonottalkmuchaboutpovertyaccordingtotheauthor?

28.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

29.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Straightforward

B.Wealthy

C.Distant

D.Difficult

問題2選項

A.Nooneknowswhattodoaboutit.

B.Noonehasbeenleftoutofthecurrentboom.

C.Povertyreallyislowerthaninthepast.

D.Thepresidentisnotconcernedaboutthepoor.

問題3選項

A.Therelationshipbetweentherichandthepoorhaschanged.

B.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontopoverty.

C.Thegoodeconomywillsoonend.

D.Allpeoplebenefitfromgoodeconomicconditions.

問題4選項

A.Toentertain.

B.Topersuade.

C.Totellastory.

D.Todescribe.

問題5選項

A.Weweremoreawareofthepoorinthepastthanwearetoday.

B.Thepoorarebenefitingfromtoday’sgoodeconomy.

C.Thecountryisenjoyingeconomicgrowth.

D.Thereweremanymorepoorpeoplethantherearetoday.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】26.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】語義推測題。由題干定位到文章第一段中的“yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond每年的聯(lián)邦預(yù)算赤字預(yù)計將永遠(yuǎn)達(dá)到數(shù)千億美元，甚至更高”和“Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof‘notleavingasinglepersonbehind’.然而，在這段更緊張的時間里，克林頓強調(diào)了‘不讓一個人掉隊’的重要性?！笨赏浦猻traitened有“貧困的，困難的”的意思，所以D項difficult“困難的”正確。A項“簡單的；坦率的”；B項“富有的”；C項“遙遠(yuǎn)的；冷漠的”；D項“困難的”，因此D選項正確。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干定位到文章第三段中的第二句“Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.貧困率確實比過去幾十年都要低，尤其是對少數(shù)群體而言?！笨芍狢項“貧困率確實比過去低。”正確。A項“沒有人知道該怎么做?！保籅項“沒有人被排除在當(dāng)前的繁榮之外。”；C項“貧困率確實比過去低?！?；D項“總統(tǒng)不關(guān)心窮人。”，因此C選項正確。

28.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中的第一句“ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.但我認(rèn)為，還有另一種力量，使這個時代成為一個窮人幾乎不見蹤影的富裕時代?！笨赏浦狝項“富人和窮人之間的關(guān)系發(fā)生了變化?！闭_，除A項之外的其他選項文中并未提及。A項“富人和窮人之間的關(guān)系發(fā)生了變化?！?；B項“我們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注貧困問題?！?；C項“良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)將很快結(jié)束?！保籇項“所有人都從良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件中受益?！?，因此A選項正確。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者意圖題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章是作者在闡述為什么現(xiàn)在人們不去討論“貧困”，和為什么這個時代成為一個窮人幾乎不見蹤影的富裕時代。A項“娛樂”，B項“說服”，文章并未體現(xiàn)。C項“講故事”，不符合。D項“描述”，符合題意。因此D選項正確。

30.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文知，A項“我們過去比現(xiàn)在更關(guān)注窮人?！盉項“窮人正受益于今天良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)?！蔽刺峒?。C項“這個國家正在享受經(jīng)濟(jì)增長?！保珼項“當(dāng)時的窮人比現(xiàn)在多很多。”從文中的第一段“Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?”以前，當(dāng)我們有了財富，我們就會開始討論貧窮。為什么現(xiàn)在不討論了呢？由此可知，A選項符合。因此A選項正確。

4.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetoaddaword,crossoutaword,orchangeaword.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)

e.g.1.Themeetingbegun2hoursago.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:begun—began

e.g.2.Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainswentup.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(Scarcely)had(they)

e.g.3.NeverwillInotdoitagain.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:not×

36Manyartiststodayareinthatiscalledappliedart.37Theyusetheirabilityinadvertise,interiordecoration,orsomesimilarjob.38Butpeopleinbusinesswhichhiretheartistsforthatkindofworksaythatsimpleartisticabilityisnotenough.Therearelotsofyoungpeoplewhohavethat.39Butnotenoughofusknowanythingaboutphysics,ormechanicalthings,ormath.40Tobeadruggistyouhavetostudyaboutchemistry.Youcan’tlearnchemistrywithoutknowingsomethingaboutalgebra.Howaboutanurse?41Oneoftherequiredsubjectsinacourseofnursingisknowntomateriamedica.42Inmateriamedicayou’lllearntofiguredosesandpreparemedicines.Algebraisimportantindoingthefiguring.Toomanystudentnursesflunkoutofthecoursebecausetheirmathisweak.It’sthesamewithmanytrades.43Ifyouwanttobeadraftsman,amachinist,amolder,andapatternmaker,you’llneedalgebraandgeometryandeventrigonometry.44Asifyouwanttogointobusinessforyourself,you’llneedmath.45Businesstoday,whetherit’srunningalittlegasstationorabigfactory,takegoodmanagement.Goodmanagementtakesmathematics.

【答案】36.that—what

37.advertise—advertising

38.which—who

39.us—them

40.about×

41.to—as

42.figure—figureout

43.and—or

44.as—even

45.take—takes

【解析】36.分析句子成分，主語是artists，系動詞are，缺少表語，所以這里的in以及后面的從句組成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作表語，從句是賓語從句，而介詞后面的賓語從句一般用wh-類詞引導(dǎo)，而從句中缺少主語，所以應(yīng)該把that改為what。

37.介詞后面一般接名詞或者動名詞，這里的advertise是動詞原形，所以應(yīng)該改為advertising。

38.根據(jù)從句中間的關(guān)鍵詞hire可知，從句的主語是人，但是從句缺主語，所以是先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語，這個從句是用來修飾people而不是business，而which是用來修飾物的，所以應(yīng)該把which改為who。

39.文章前面一直用第三人稱的語氣來寫作，us在文中出現(xiàn)得很突兀讓人不知所云，而根據(jù)前文可以推測，這里的不知道物理或者機械類知識的是前文所說的年輕人，所以應(yīng)該把us換成them。

40.study學(xué)習(xí)某件事時一般是及物動詞不需要借助介詞來加賓語，所以應(yīng)該把about去掉。

41.beknownto“為……所了解/知道”，其后接表示人的詞語，而介詞to后面接的是藥物學(xué)，這里要表達(dá)的意思是在一系列的護(hù)理學(xué)科中其中一個需要學(xué)的科目是藥物學(xué)，這里的詞組應(yīng)該是beknownas“被稱為”，所以需要把介詞to改為as。

42.figure單獨使用時是“計算”，但是作為護(hù)理學(xué)的一類課程很少會要配藥，這里應(yīng)該是清楚地知道藥品的劑量，所以應(yīng)該在figure后面加介詞out組成固定短語figureout弄清楚。

43.根據(jù)前面的if可知這里是假設(shè)，但是一個人只有很小的可能又是繪圖員又是機械師又是模具工又是制模師，這里的四個職業(yè)應(yīng)該是選擇關(guān)系，所以這句所有的and都要改為or。

44.asif“好像，貌似”，根據(jù)上下文語境，講述的是學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)很重要，即使你要自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，你會需要數(shù)學(xué)，所以應(yīng)該把as改為even，evenif“即使”。

45.謂語take的主語business是個抽象名詞，所以謂語動詞需要用第三人稱單數(shù)，take應(yīng)該改為takes。

5.單選題

Ourtroubleliesinasimpleconfusion,onetowhicheconomistshavebeenpronesincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Growthandecologyoperatebydifferentrules.Economiststendtoassumethateveryproblemofscarcitycanbesolvedbysubstitution,byreplacingtunawithtilapia，withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplicationsofeither.Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.Theychange—pinegiveswaytooak,coyotesarriveinNewEngland—andtheyreproducethemselves,buttheydonotincreaseinextentorabundanceyearafteryear.Mosteconomiststhinkofscarcityasalaborproblem,imaginingthatonlyenergyandtechnologyplacelimitsonproduction.Toharvestmorewood,buildabetterchainsaw；topumpmoreoil，drillmorewells；togetmorefood,inventpest-resistantplants.

Thatlogicthrivedonnewfrontiersandmoreintensiveproduction,anditheldofftheprophetsofscarcity—fromThomasRobertMalthustoPaulEhrlich—whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s,whenfertilizerandhybridizedseedsarrivedinIndiaandMexico.Butthepicturelooksentirelydifferentwhenwechangethescale.Industrialsocietyisroughly250yearsold:makethelasttenthousandyearsequaltotwenty-fourhours,andwehavebeenproducingconsumergoodsandCO2foronlythelastthirty-sixminutes.Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.Ifwearenotcareful,huntingandgatheringwilllooklikeafarmoresuccessfulstrategyofsurvivalthaneconomicgrowth.Thelatterhaschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletimethatitmakesmoresensetobecautiousthantriumphant.

Althoughfoodscarcity,whenitoccurs,isalocalizedproblem,otherkindsofscarcityarealreadyhere.Groundwaterisalarminglylowinregionsallovertheworld,butthemostimmediatethreattogrowthissurelypetroleum.

1.Economistsareproneto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofecosystems?

3.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepredictionsmadebyThomasRobertMalthusandPaulEhrlich?

4.Whathappenedinthe1960sand1970s?

5.Thepurposeofmentioningthesearchengineistoshow

（

）.

6.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.emphasizethedifferencesbetweeneconomicgrowthandscarcity

B.seeeconomyfromanecologicalperspective

C.ignoretheenvironmentalimpactofeconomicgrowth

D.usedifferentapproachestoeconomicsandecology

問題2選項

A.Theymaydeteriorate.

B.Theymaybenefitfromtheeconomy.

C.Theyareassociatedwithproductivity.

D.Theyarecloselyrelatedtotechnology.

問題3選項

A.Theyprovedtobeuseful.

B.Theyhavenotcometrue.

C.Theyprovedtobeaccurate.

D.Theyhavenotdrawnenoughattention.

問題4選項

A.LandexpansionoccurredinMexico.

B.FertilizerbegantobeusedinEngland.

C.HybridizedplantsweregrownintheUS.

D.FoodproductionincreasedinIndia.

問題5選項

A.thehighspeedofmodemmachines

B.technologicalprogress

C.popularinterestintheInternet

D.theeconomicimpactofinformationtechnology

問題6選項

A.economicgrowthhasreducedbiodiversityworldwide

B.peopleandnatureshouldcoexistinharmony

C.peopleshouldbeproudoftheirpositioninnature

D.economicgrowthhaschangedtheecosystemrapidly

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“…withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplications...(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家并沒有考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對環(huán)境及生態(tài)的長期影響。)”,即可進(jìn)行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.(但是，盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)可能會擴(kuò)張，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)卻不會。)”即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.(他們關(guān)于饑荒和短缺的預(yù)言并沒有實現(xiàn)。)”即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s(始于17世紀(jì)英格蘭的農(nóng)業(yè)革命極大地提高了一英畝土地上的糧食產(chǎn)量，20世紀(jì)60年代和70年代也發(fā)生了同樣的事情，),”即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段倒數(shù)第三句。根據(jù)“Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.(在過去100萬年的人類進(jìn)化過程中，同樣的事情也會發(fā)生，從蒸汽機到搜索引擎，所有的一切都能在過去的21秒內(nèi)完成。)”即可進(jìn)行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干將信息點定位至原文第二段最后一句。根據(jù)“haschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletime(在這么短的時間里，地球和人類社會發(fā)生了巨大的變化)”即可得出本題答案。

6.單選題

Laboratorytestsgaveconclusive（）thatthemeatpresentsnorisktohumanhealth.

問題1選項

A.possibility

B.news

C.proof

D.fact

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項possibility“可能性，可能的事”；B選項news“新聞，信息”；C選項proof“證明，證據(jù)”；D選項fact“事實，實際”，句意：實驗室測試提供了確鑿的證據(jù)，證明這種肉類對人體健康沒有危險。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

7.單選題

Silver______easilyandturnsblackifnotpolishedregularly.

問題1選項

A.snookers

B.stews

C.tarnishes

D.douse

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.snookers阻撓B.stews燉；焦慮

C.tarnishes失去光澤，變暗淡D.douse澆滅，熄；沉浸

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由后半句的句意“銀器如果不定期擦拭就會變黑”可知，銀器很容易失去光澤，C項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項都不符合句意。

【句意】銀器很容易失去光澤，如果不定期擦拭就會變黑。

8.問答題

Butsacrificingambitionsoastoguardagainstitspotentialexcesses,isto(A)goatthingswrongly.Todiscourageambitionistodiscouragedreamsofgrandeurandgreatness.Allmenandwomenareborn,live,sufferanddie;(B)whatdistinguishesusonefromanotherisourdreams,(C)maytheybedreamaboutworldlyorunworldlythings,andwhatwedoto(D)makethemcomeabout.

【答案】C；改成whethertheybedreamsabout。

9.翻譯題

Thebigadvantagesofthespreadofprosperityincludeawiderdistributionofinnovationandbiggeropportunitiesforprofitableexchange.TheriseoftheUSbroughtsuchbenefitstotheUK.Alsovaluable(thoughnotcertain)isgreaterpoliticalstabilityinpreviouslyimpoverishedcountries.Thebigdisadvantageisgreatercompetitionforscarceresources.Powerisascarceresource:ifcountryAhasmore,countryBhasless.Resourcesarealsolimited.

【答案】

繁榮傳播開來的幾大好處包括：創(chuàng)新的傳播范圍會擴(kuò)大，以及進(jìn)行有利可圖的交流的機會增多。美國的崛起就曾為英國帶來此類益處。此外，同樣有價值的（雖然并不確定）是以往的窮國在政治上會更加穩(wěn)定。最大的劣勢是對稀缺資源的激烈競爭。能源是一種缺席資源：如果A國的資源增多，那B國的能源就會減少。資源也是有限的。

10.單選題

Onenevercanseethethinginitself,becausetheminddoesnot（

）phenomena.

問題1選項

A.transcend

B.superior

C.pass

D.advantage

【答案】A

【解析】transcend勝過，超越；superior上級的，優(yōu)秀的；pass經(jīng)過，傳遞；advantage有利于，使處于優(yōu)勢。句意：一個人永遠(yuǎn)無法看到事物本身，因為思想無法超越現(xiàn)象。選項A符合語境。

11.單選題

Theattorneywantedto（

）theprocess,asherclientwasbecomingimpatient.

問題1選項

A.expedite

B.evaluate

C.reverse

D.justify

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。expedite“加快進(jìn)展，迅速完成”；evaluate“評價，估價”;reverse“顛倒，掉換”；justify“為…辯護(hù)，對…做出解釋”；根據(jù)句意‘律師想（

）進(jìn)度，因為她的客戶變得不耐煩了?！_定A選項“加快進(jìn)展，迅速完成”符合題意。

12.單選題

Plantsraisedingreenhousesaretendedmethodicallyinanattempttocreatethebestpossibleconditionsfortheirgrowth.

問題1選項

A.systematically

B.naturally

C.personally

D.lovingly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。methodically表示“有方法地，有系統(tǒng)地”；A項systematically“系統(tǒng)地”，B項naturally“自然地”，C項personally“個人地”，D項lovingly“親切地，鐘愛地”。句意：在溫室里培育的植物受到系統(tǒng)地照料，盡可能為它們的生長創(chuàng)造最好的可能條件。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

13.單選題

Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnapping.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.

11.Childrenunderfivehaveabundantenergypartlybecausethey（）.

12.Accordingtothespeaker,thesleeppatternofababyisdeterminedby（）.

13.Thetalksuggeststhat,ifyoufeelsleepythroughtheday,youshould（）.

問題1選項

A.sleepinthreedistinctparts

B.havemanyfiveminutenap

C.sleepinonelongblock

D.takeoneortwonapsdaily

問題2選項

A.itsgenes

B.itshabit

C.itsmentalstate

D.itsphysicalcondition

問題3選項

A.takesomerefreshment

B.gotobedearly

C.havealongrest

D.giveittosleep

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】第1題:

第2題:

第3題:

14.單選題

Asordinarypeople,scientistsarebynomeansmorehonestor（

）thanotherpeople,butasscientist,theyattachspecialvaluetohonestwhiletheyareintheirworkingsphere.

問題1選項

A.ethical

B.ethnic

C.aesthetic

D.esthetic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ethical“道德的，倫理的”；ethnic“民族的，種族的”；aesthetic“審美的，美學(xué)的”；esthetic“審美的”。句意：科學(xué)家作為普通人，沒有辦法比其他人更誠實或者品德高尚；但是作為科學(xué)家，他們在工作領(lǐng)域中更加重視誠實。選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

Asaresult,theyhadto（）answeringtheirletterbythreedays.

問題1選項

A.decide

B.refrain

C.surpass

D.delay

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。選項中只有delay后面可以接動名詞。句意：他們不得不推遲三天回信。所以本題選D。

16.單選題

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.

1.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat______.

2.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat______.

3.Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative(line1,inparagraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat______.

4.Dr.Myersandotherresearcherholdthat______.

5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’______.

問題1選項

A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

問題2選項

A.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

B.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago

C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

D.thenumberoflargepredatordroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

問題3選項

A.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

B.thencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

C.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

D.thedatecollectedsofarareoutofdate

問題4選項

A.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongertime

B.fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomass

C.theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreitsoriginallevel

D.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituation

問題5選項

A.managementefficiency

B.biomasslevel

C.catch-sizelimits

D.technologicalapplication

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“大型史前動物的滅絕暗示什么？”。第一段最后一句Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans（現(xiàn)在類似的事情可能正在海洋中發(fā)生），由此推斷，文中提到史前動物的滅絕是暗示海洋生物也會面臨同樣的問題。A項“大型動物很容易受到環(huán)境的影響”，B項“小物種幸存下來而大物種消失了”和D項“生長緩慢的魚比生長迅速的魚更長壽”都不是大型動物滅絕暗示的現(xiàn)象，所以該題C項正確。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“我們從Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’s的論文中可以推測出什么？”。根據(jù)本題關(guān)鍵詞“Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaper”定位到本文第二段最后一句AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen（根據(jù)他們在《自然》雜志上發(fā)表的最新論文，在新漁場開始捕撈的15年內(nèi)，大型捕食動物（殺死并吃掉其他動物的動物）的生物量平均減少了80%。在一些長期捕魚的地區(qū)，從那時起，它又減少了一半），由此推斷，文中提到大型捕食動物平均減少80%，所以可以推測出在一些老的漁場，已經(jīng)減少了90%。B項“這里的漁場數(shù)量只有15年前的一半”說法錯誤，文中沒有漁場數(shù)量15年之間的對比；C項“新漁場的漁獲量只有原來的20%”說法錯誤，是指平均下降80%，沒有說就只有20%，該說法過于絕對；D項“新漁場的大型捕食者的數(shù)量比舊漁場下降得更快”說法錯誤，根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，應(yīng)該是舊漁場下降得更快。所以該題A項正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“通過說這些數(shù)字是保守的（第三段第一行），Worm博士的意思是？”。根據(jù)本題直接定位到本文第三段第四句Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes（這意味著更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕撈，所以現(xiàn)在和過去之間的真正差異可能比捕撈規(guī)模變化所記錄的更糟糕），由此可知因為科技的進(jìn)步給捕魚帶來的巨大的方便，但是這些數(shù)字是保守估計是因為海洋生物遭受了更大的破壞。A項“捕魚技術(shù)進(jìn)步很快”是給捕魚帶來了方便，但不符合本題題意；B項“捕魚量實際上比記錄的要小”該說法沒有原文依據(jù)，原文只提到海洋生物遭受了更大的破壞；D項“到目前為止收集到的日期已經(jīng)過時了”與本題無關(guān)。所以該題C項正確。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“邁爾斯博士和其他研究人員認(rèn)為？”。根據(jù)本題關(guān)鍵詞“Dr.Myers”定位到本文最后一段第一句Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount（邁爾斯和沃姆博士認(rèn)為，他們的工作給出了一個正確的基線，未來的管理工作必須加以考慮），由此可知應(yīng)該要調(diào)整捕魚的基線來改變當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)。A項“人們應(yīng)該尋找一個長期不起作用的基準(zhǔn)”說法錯誤，是要尋找一個有效的基線；B項“漁業(yè)應(yīng)將產(chǎn)量保持在生物量的50%以下”，該說法錯誤，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句可知應(yīng)當(dāng)是保持在50%，而不是50%之下；C項“海洋生物量應(yīng)該恢復(fù)到原來的水平”說法不全面，是要恢復(fù)到原始水平的50%。所以該題D項正確。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者似乎主要關(guān)注大多數(shù)漁業(yè)的什么？”。A項“管理效率”；B項“生物量水平”；C項“捕獲的大小限制”；D項“技術(shù)應(yīng)用”。整篇文章都是圍繞海洋生物的量展開的，而且文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了“biomass”，所以可知，作者大多關(guān)注海洋生物總量的變化。所以該題B項正確。

17.單選題

Tohisinquiryifshewerehurt,shemadesomeincoherentreply（）shedidnotknow.

問題1選項

A.tothepointthat

B.totheeffectthat

C.totheextentthat

D.tothesensethat

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項tothepointthat“到….程度”；B選項totheeffectthat“大意是，意思是”；C選項totheextentthat“達(dá)到…的程度以致；就…來說”；D選項tothesensethat沒有這種表達(dá)。句意：對于他問她是否受傷了，她給出了一些語無倫次地回答，大意是她不知道。選項B符合句意。

18.單選題

Hewascockyandbrashandself-mocking.

問題1選項

A.insuperable

B.gawky

C.preachy

D.conceited

【答