考研考博-英語-北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowaberrant.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidintheseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenlipintothelanguageofhisfamily.Whenoneseriouslystudiesaxialordersthathavehadtheopportunitytodevelopindependently,thatbecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation.Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichlieisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownanabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.

1.Theauthorthinksthereasonwhycustomhasbeenignoredintheacademicworldisthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJohnDewey?

3.Theworld“custom”inthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtothepassageaperson’slife,fromhisbirthtohisdeath（）.

5.Theauthor’spurposetowritingthispassageis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.customrevealsonlythesuperficialnatureofhumanbehavior

B.thestudyofsocialorderscanreplacethestudyofcustom

C.peoplearestillnotawareoftheimportantrolethatcustomplaysinformingourworldoutlook

D.customhaslittletodowithourwaysofthinking

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Anindividualcanexerciseverylittleinfluenceontheculturaltraditionintowhichheisborn.

B.Customisthedirectresultofthephilosophicalprobingofagroupofpeople.

C.Anindividualisstronglyinfluencedbytheculturaltraditionevenbeforeheisborn.

D.Customrepresentsthecollectivewisdomwhichbenefitstheindividual.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theconceptofthetrueandthefalseofasociety

B.theindependentlydevelopedsocialorders

C.theadjustmentoftheindividualtothenewsocialenvironment

D.thepatternsandstandardsofbehaviorofacommunity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isconstantlyshapingtheculturaltraditionsofhispeople

B.ispredominatedbytraditionalcustom

C.iscontinuallyinfluencedbythehabitsofothercommunities

D.ischieflyinfluencedbythepeoplearoundhim

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.tourgeindividualstofollowtraditionalcustoms

B.tostressthestronginfluenceofcustomsonanindividual

C.toexaminetheinteractionofmanandsocialcustoms

D.toshowman’sadjustmenttotraditionalcustoms

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance…Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.”，可知風(fēng)俗還沒有被普遍認(rèn)為是一件很重要的事情，但是風(fēng)俗的重點(diǎn)在于它在經(jīng)驗(yàn)和信仰中所起的主導(dǎo)作用，以及它所表現(xiàn)出來的形式上的多樣性。第一段對(duì)文章的話題和中心思想做了總體闡述，可判斷出作者認(rèn)為，傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗在學(xué)術(shù)界被忽視的原因在于人們還沒有意識(shí)到風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣對(duì)于我們而言所起的重要作用。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“thepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenlipintothelanguageofhisfamily.”，可知風(fēng)俗在形成個(gè)人行為方面所起的作用與個(gè)人對(duì)傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗的影響相反，就好像他的母語詞匯量占他自己嬰兒時(shí)期被家長所接受的語言詞匯量之比。可判斷出一個(gè)人對(duì)他所出生的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗幾乎沒有什么影響，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes”，可知即使在他的哲學(xué)探索中，他也無法超越這些刻板印象?？膳袛喑鲲L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣不是對(duì)一群人進(jìn)行哲學(xué)探索的直接結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichlieisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.”，可知從他出生的那一刻起，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣就塑造了他的經(jīng)歷和行為?？膳袛嗖皇窃诔錾熬彤a(chǎn)生影響的，選項(xiàng)C可排除。文章沒有提到風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣對(duì)于個(gè)人和集體的影響和利弊，選項(xiàng)D可排除。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.”，可知個(gè)人的生活史首先是對(duì)其社會(huì)中傳統(tǒng)的模式和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的調(diào)整?？膳袛喑鑫闹械腸ustom是指人類行為的模式和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichlieisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownanabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.”，可知從他出生的那一刻起，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣就塑造了他的經(jīng)歷和行為。到他會(huì)說話的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)慢慢開始熟悉文化了；到他長大的時(shí)候，能夠參加文化活動(dòng)，文化帶來的習(xí)慣的信仰就是他的習(xí)慣和信仰?？膳袛喑鰪囊粋€(gè)人的出生到死亡，都受到了文化和傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的支配的影響。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.作者意圖題?？v觀全文，文章開篇就提到了人們還沒發(fā)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗對(duì)我們的行為和價(jià)值觀產(chǎn)生的影響，進(jìn)而忽視了它的重要性。下文用大量的篇幅闡釋了傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗對(duì)我們的影響，乃至于一個(gè)人從出生到死亡都會(huì)受到文化的影響和支配?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔懳恼碌囊鈭D在于強(qiáng)調(diào)風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣對(duì)個(gè)人的巨大影響，以引起人們對(duì)風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的重視。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

14.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheisabsent-minded.

B.Sheisinhighspirits.

C.Sheisindifferent.

D.Sheiscompassionate.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Here’sanextrablanket.Letmetuckyouin.

M:You’resosweet.Whatisyourname?

W:MynameisAlice.I’llbeonshiftduringthedayforthenextfewdays.

Q:Whatcanbesaidofthewoman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)話中女士要給男士加一條毛毯，男士說：You’resosweet，可知女士非常熱心。

3.單選題

Many（）cametothePresident’sreception.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.person

B.characters

C.people

D.notables

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。person“人”；character“性格，品質(zhì)”；people“人，人類”；notable“名人，顯要人物”。句意：許多顯要人物前來參加總統(tǒng)的招待會(huì)。

4.翻譯題

中華民族歷來尊重人的尊嚴(yán)和價(jià)值。還在遙遠(yuǎn)的古代，我們的先人就已提出“民為貴”的思想，認(rèn)為“天生萬物，唯人為貴”。一切社會(huì)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，都取決于人的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，取決于人的尊嚴(yán)的維護(hù)和價(jià)值的發(fā)揮。今天中國所煥發(fā)出來的巨大活力，是中國人民擁有廣泛自由、民主的生動(dòng)寫照。

今天，中國人民堅(jiān)持走自己的路，進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)政治文化建設(shè)，把祖國建設(shè)成為一個(gè)初步繁榮昌盛的社會(huì)主義國家。同時(shí)，積極吸收和借鑒世界一切先進(jìn)的文明成果，這些成果對(duì)于中國的發(fā)展也起了重要的促進(jìn)作用。當(dāng)然，這種對(duì)外國文明的吸收和借鑒決不能是簡(jiǎn)單的模仿。中國既不能照抄西方資本主義國家的發(fā)展模式，也不能硬搬其他國家建設(shè)社會(huì)主義的模式，而必須走適合自己國情的發(fā)展道路。這就是建設(shè)有中國特色的社會(huì)主義的道路。中國人民將堅(jiān)定不移地沿著這條強(qiáng)國之路走下去。

【答案】TheChineseNationhasalwaysrespectedhumandignityandvalue.Evenintheancienttimes,ourancestorscameupwiththeideathat“peoplearethemostimportant.”Andtheybelievedthat“humansarethemostvaluableamongallthethingsthatHeavenfosters.”Developmentandprogressofasocietyhingeonthedevelopmentandprogressofhumans,anddependonhowwellhumandignityismaintainedandhowwellhumanvalueisrealized.TheimmensevitalitydisplayedbyChinatoday,isavividreflectionoftheextensivefreedomanddemocracyenjoyedbyChinesepeople.

Today,Chinesepeoplearestickingtotheirownroadtopursuethedevelopmentofeconomy,politicsandculture,turningourmotherlandintoasocialistcountrywithinitialprosperity.Meanwhile,wehaveearnestlyabsorbedanddrawnuponfruitsofadvancedworldcivilization,whichinturnhavegreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofChina.However,itmustbepointedoutthatsuchabsorptionandlearningprocessisbynomeansoneofsimpleimitation.ChinacannotcopythedevelopmentmodelofWesterncapitalistcountries,norcanitmechanicallyfollowothercountries’modelsofbuildingsocialism.Onthecontrary,wemustfollowadevelopmentroadthatissuitedtoournationalconditions.Thatis,theroadtobuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.TheChinesepeoplewillmoveforwardunswervinglyalongthisroad.

5.單選題

Feministsociolinguists,overthecourseofthelastfewdecades,haveconductedstudiesthattheybelievesupporttheconclusionthatwomenareroutinelydiscriminatedagainstinEnglish-speakingsociety.Theypointtothewordsusedtodescribewomen,aswellasthewordsusedtodescribesocietyasawhole,asindicationsthattheEnglishlanguage,andthereforetheEnglish-speakingculture,isslantedtowardstheadvantageofmales.

ThewordsusedtodescribewomenareusedasinstrumentbyfeministsociolinguiststodenoteaninherentsexismintheEnglishlanguage.Wordpairssuchasmasterandmistressandsirandmadam,theyclaim,epitomizesuchsexism.Allofthewordsinquestiononceheldpositiveconnotationsbut,whilethemasculineformshaveretainedtheirrespectableassociations,thefeminineformshaveundergonepejorationandnowimplysexualpromiscuity(混雜)andothernegativecharacteristics.FeministresearchersassumethatsuchpejorationindicatethatthestatusofwomeninEnglish-speakingsocietyisrelativelylow.

Theseresearchersalsofindfaultwiththeuseofmasculinewordstodescribeunisexentities.Forexample,theyfeelthatthereisnothinginherentlymainlyaboutmankind,thebestmanforthejob,orthecommonman.Similarly,theuseofsuchconstructionsasthe“theaveragestudentsisworriedabouthisgrades”indicatetotheseresearchersaninherentsexisminEnglishthatisreflectiveoftheculturesinwhichtheyareproduced.

CarolynJacobson,authorofNon-sexistLanguagehasproposedasolutiontothisconundrum(難題).Sheadvocatestheeliminationofallsexedwordsinfavorofgender-neutralterms.Nolongershouldwerefertoactorsandactressesorwaitersandwaitresses,assuchdichotomies(男女有別)allowforthepossibilityofnegativeconnotationsbeingassociatedwiththefemininedesignation.Likewise,shebelievesthatphrasessuchasmankindshouldgivewaytohumankindandthattheuseofthemasculinepronounasthedefaultshouldbeabandonedinfavorofneutralconstructions.Thus,whensexismiseliminatedfromtheEnglishlanguage,theculturewillbemoreamenabletothedeliveranceofwomenaswell.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,gender-neutralconstructionsshouldbeadvocatedbecause（）.

3.Theauthorreferstomankind,thebestmanforthejob,andthecommonmaninorderto（）.

4.Theword“pejoration”mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Infavorofgender-neutralterms,whichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeunisexentities?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compareandcontrastideologyinvariouscultures

B.proveacommonlyheldbelieftobewrong

C.describeaproblemandapossiblesolution

D.analyzethehistoricaloriginsofamodernsituation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theeliminationofsexismintheEnglishlanguagewillprecedetheeliminationofsexismintheculture

B.theyaremoregrammaticallysoundthansexedstructures

C.unisextermsarelessawkwardincasualspeech

D.sex-specifictermsalwayscarrynegativeconnotations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.demonstratethesuperiorityofmalesinEnglish-speakingsociety

B.provideanexampleofspeechthatisslantedtowardstheadvantageofmales

C.listthecharacteristicsofthefeministsociolinguistmovement

D.discountthenotionthattheEnglishlanguagediscriminatesagainstwomen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.negativeconnotation

B.positiveconnotation

C.sexualcharacteristic

D.respectablecharacteristic

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.mankind

B.chairperson

C.superman

D.dragonlady

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說到英語中存在對(duì)女性固有的性別歧視，接著提出了一個(gè)解決這一問題的辦法，即消除所有性別詞匯，而使用中性詞匯。所以這篇文章的主要目的是描述了語言中存在的一個(gè)問題并提出了它的解決方法。因此C選項(xiàng)“描述一個(gè)問題和可能的解決方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“比較和對(duì)比各種文化中的意識(shí)形態(tài)”，B選項(xiàng)“證明一個(gè)共同的信念是錯(cuò)誤的”，D選項(xiàng)“分析近代形勢(shì)的歷史淵源”均和文章主題無關(guān)，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“neutralconstructions”可以定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第一、二句Likewise,shebelievesthatphrasessuchasmankindshouldgivewaytohumankindandthattheuseofthemasculinepronounasthedefaultshouldbeabandonedinfavorofneutralconstructions.Thus,whensexismiseliminatedfromtheEnglishlanguage,theculturewillbemoreamenabletothedeliveranceofwomenaswell.（同樣地，她認(rèn)為像mankind這樣的短語應(yīng)該讓位于humankind，并且應(yīng)該放棄默認(rèn)使用男性代詞的做法，而使用中性結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，當(dāng)性別歧視從英語語言中消失時(shí)，文化也會(huì)更容易接受女性的解放。），說明提倡使用中性結(jié)構(gòu)是因?yàn)橐⒄Z語言中的性別歧視，這樣才會(huì)消除文化中的性別歧視。因此A選項(xiàng)“消除英語中的性別歧視將先于消除文化中的性別歧視”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它們?cè)谡Z法上比有性別的結(jié)構(gòu)更合理”，C選項(xiàng)“中性用語在隨意說話時(shí)不那么尷尬”，D選項(xiàng)“特定性別的術(shù)語總是帶有負(fù)面的含義”均在文中沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“mankind,thebestmanforthejob,andthecommonman”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Theseresearchersalsofindfaultwiththeuseofmasculinewordstodescribeunisexentities.Forexample,theyfeelthatthereisnothinginherentlymainlyaboutmankind,thebestmanforthejob,orthecommonman.（這些研究者還批評(píng)了使用男性化的詞語來描述中性實(shí)體的現(xiàn)象。例如，他們認(rèn)為，人類、工作最優(yōu)秀的人或普通人在本質(zhì)上并不存在什么主要問題。），說明在英語中會(huì)使用男性化的詞語來描述中性的概念，體現(xiàn)了英語語言會(huì)傾向于體現(xiàn)男性的優(yōu)勢(shì)。因此B選項(xiàng)“舉例說明語言偏向于男性的優(yōu)勢(shì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“表明英語社會(huì)中男性的優(yōu)越性”，C選項(xiàng)“列舉女權(quán)主義社會(huì)語言學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)”，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)英語歧視婦女的說法不置可否”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.語義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“pejoration”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句FeministresearchersassumethatsuchpejorationindicatethatthestatusofwomeninEnglish-speakingsocietyisrelativelylow.（女性主義研究者認(rèn)為，這種侮辱表明了女性在英語社會(huì)中的地位相對(duì)較低。），說明“pejoration”在文中是消極、貶義的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)“消極的內(nèi)涵”正確。B選項(xiàng)“積極的內(nèi)涵”，C選項(xiàng)“性特征”，D選項(xiàng)“可敬的特點(diǎn)”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由原文可知，gender-neutralterms（中性詞語）指的是不帶有性別的詞匯。A選項(xiàng)mankind和C選項(xiàng)superman含有man（男人），D選項(xiàng)dragonlady含有l(wèi)ady（女人），所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)chairperson用的是中性詞匯person，可以男女通用。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

______thewall,wedecidedthatweshouldneedthreetinsofpaint.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Makingup

B.Doingup

C.Puttingup

D.Sizingup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配的用法。A項(xiàng)makeup“構(gòu)成、化妝”；B項(xiàng)doup“扎、捆”；C項(xiàng)putup“舉起、建造”；D項(xiàng)sizeup“判斷、估量”；句意：我們估量了一下這面墻，決定需要三罐油漆。因此該題D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Jackisgood,kind,hard-workingandintelligent.（

）,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asaresult

B.Bytheway

C.Inaword

D.Onthecontrary

【答案】C

【解析】asaresult作為結(jié)果；bytheway順便說；inaword總之，簡(jiǎn)言之；onthecontrary正相反。句意：杰克善良、勤奮、聰明?？傊?，我對(duì)他評(píng)價(jià)再高也不過分。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

1.Flattery,RichardStengelwritesbywayofdefininghisterms,“isstrategicpraise,praisewithapurpose.Itmaybeinflatedorexaggeratedoritmaybeaccurateandtruthful,butitispraisethatseekssomeresult,whetheritbeincreasedlikingoranofficewithawindowFlatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.ItisabribewewanttopocketFlatteryatitscoreislanguagethatadvancesself-interestwhileconcealingitatthesametime.”

2.Allofwhichisperfectlytrue,butitneedstobequalified(asintimeStengeldoes)inoneimportantway:Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis.Ifitistrue,asprobablyitis,thatmostofusaresusceptibletoflatteryandwillingtoemployitinourowninterests,itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.Inmylineofwork,forexample,whenIseeinapublisher’scataloguethatawriterwithwhomIamacquaintedhasanewbookforthcoming,Icanpredictalmosttothedaytheletterorcallfromsaidauthorinwhich,inonefashionoranother,myownperspicacityandstylisticelegancewillbepraisedfulsomely,accompanied,perhaps,byaninvitationtolunch.Similarly,aletterore-mailfromsomeonewhollyunknowntomewillbeginwithpraiseformylatestbookrevieworcolumn,followed,apace,withthenewsthatthewriteroftheletter―orarelative,orafriend,oracolleague―isabouttocomeforthwith...abook.

3.Itisthewayoftheworld.Thoughinmycaseflatteryinfrequentlyproducesthedesiredresults——quitetothecontrary,ifthetruthbeknown——Icannotclaimthatthesilkenwordswhisperedinmyeargounheeded.StengelquotesLordChesterfield:“Thisprincipleofvanityandprideissostronginhumannature,thatisdescendseventothelowestobjects;andoneoftenseespeopleanglingforpraise.”Thoughwewouldpreferpraisethatisofferedwithoutulteriormotives,thatisheartfeltandgenerous,wereadilysettleformereflattery;wemaynotdeliverthequidproquosotransparentlysoughtbeneaththeoleaginouswords—wemayevenholdtheflattererincontempt—yetwearenotimpervioustothestrokingheorsheadministers;indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.

4.“Todescribesomeoneasasocialclimberoraself-promoterisgenerallynotconsideredacompliment.Thosetwolabelsseemlikeparticularlymodernputdowns(andinthecultureofcelebritytheyhavebecomefull-timeoccupations).ButIwouldmakethecasethattheyaresimplyneutraltermsforfundamentalhumanbehavior,Infact,I’dcontendthatbasedontheprinciplesofevolutionarybiology,social-climbingandself-promotion.Theyareinourgenes.”

5.Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays,“isaformofcooperation,andcooperationisthesuccessfulevolutionaryprincipleofreciprocalaltruism.”AsSamRayburnusedtosay,duringhislongandproductivetenureasspeakeroftheHouseofRepresentatives,“Ifyouwanttogetalong,goalong.”Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera,”yetitisthegreasethatoilsthewheelsofpoliticsandoftenenablesthegovernmentanditssatellitestoaccomplishworthwhilethings.ThespectaclethatmembersoftheSenatepresentwhentheyfawnovereachotheras“honorable”and“distinguished”ishardlyaprettyone,yetitisnotwithoutpurpose.

6.InAmericanlife,flatteringinfluentialindividualsisanessentialpartofthemachineryofsocietyandbusiness.InaperceptivechaptercalledHowDaleCarnegieWonFriendsandInfluencedPeople,Stengelshowshow“thesimplestdevicesofpayingattention,offeringappreciationandthegivingofsmallflatteries”havebecomesoengrainedthatitishardtoimaginefunctioningwithoutthem.Therulesofflattery—oritshandmaiden,ingratiation—areclear:“avoidcomplimentingthetarget...inawaythatmakesitclearyouwantareward;makesurethecomplimentisplausible;praiseanattributeaboutwhichthetargetisuncertain;anddon’tleavetheimpressionthatyouareapromiscuouspraise.”Doallofthatandyoutoocansucceedinbusiness—oranythingelse—withoutreallytrying?

7.Allofwhichshould,makeclear—especiallytoyou,gentleandquick-wittedreader—thatStengelhaswrittennotmerelyapopularhistoryofflatterybutalsoaguidetoitsemployment.Hedoesthelatterwithtongueslightlyincheek—attimestothepointthathisprosebecomesexcessivelychattyandbreezy—yetthetruthisthathiscounsel,andthatofthemanyotherswhomhequotes,probablycanbeusedtogoodpurpose.Ifyoumustflatter-andtherearetimeswhenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

1.whenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

2.AccordingtoRichardStengel,allofthefollowingaretrueofflatteryEXCEPT（

）.

3.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermakesthepointthat

（

）.

4.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphisthat

（

）.

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecourtsofRenaissanceEurope(Para.5)?Thewriter'sattitudetowardRichardStengel'sviewsregardingflatterycanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itcanstretchthetruth

B.ithasapurpose

C.itisanunsuccessfulbribe

D.itcanbeexpressedsubtly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.flatterersoftenachievetheirobjectives

B.flatteryisoftenblatant

C.thewriterisoftenflattered

D.weareoftentemptedbyflattery

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.flatteryseldomproducesthedesiredresults

B.humansarevainandproud

C.it'sonlyhumantoenjoyflattery

D.wefindflatteryobjectionable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereverysimilartoourmodernera.

B.Theybannedflattery.

C.Theyencouragedflattery.

D.Theywerenotpopularwiththegeneralrepublic.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.neutral

B.favorable

C.doubtful

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Flatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.（阿諛奉承也是一種賄賂，一種我們可以接受的情感饋贈(zèng)，常常會(huì)用回報(bào)給贈(zèng)予者他想要的東西）可知阿諛奉承是一種成功的賄賂，因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis...itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.（阿諛奉承幾乎總是可以確切地認(rèn)出它是什么……同樣的事實(shí)是，奉承不那么微妙，常常是明目張膽的）可知選B。A選項(xiàng)為第一段的內(nèi)容；C選項(xiàng)只是作者用自己的經(jīng)歷舉例說明，阿諛奉承很顯而易見；D選項(xiàng)在第二段中沒有出現(xiàn)，因此選B。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Itisthewayoftheworld...indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.（阿諛奉承是人之常情……事實(shí)上，即使我們假裝嘲笑它，我們也可以盡情享受它）可知C選項(xiàng)“喜歡聽阿諛奉承的話是人類的天性”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera”（阿諛奉承在這座城市里到處都有，正如Stengel正確的指出“在某些方面更接近文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的歐洲，而不是我們的現(xiàn)代時(shí)代”）可推測(cè)阿諛奉承在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的歐洲宮廷也十分流行，因此選C。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章第二段中的Allofwhichisperfectlytrue（所有這些都是完全正確的）和第五段中的Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays（阿諛奉承，他說得很對(duì)）與whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout（正如Stengel正確的指出）可知作者對(duì)RichardStengel的觀點(diǎn)都是用的正面肯定的詞，故可知作者是贊成RichardStengel的觀點(diǎn)的，因此選B。

9.單選題

Intheprofessionswherewomen（）numerically,itwouldbereasonabletoexpectthemtoholdseniorpositions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tolerate

B.integrate

C.predominate

D.accumulate

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。tolerate忍受，容忍；integrate使...完整；predominate支配，主導(dǎo)，在...中占優(yōu)勢(shì)；accumulate累積，積聚。句意：在婦女?dāng)?shù)量上占優(yōu)勢(shì)的職位中，期望她們擔(dān)任高級(jí)職位也是合情合理的。所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.單選題

Someoldpeopledon’tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan’ttoleratesomuchnoise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resist

B.sustain

C.endure

D.undergo

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)resist“抵抗，抗拒”；B選項(xiàng)sustain“維持，支持，承擔(dān)”；C選項(xiàng)endure“忍耐，忍受”；D選項(xiàng)undergo“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受”。句意：有些老人不喜歡流行歌曲，因?yàn)樗麄兪懿涣诉@么多的噪音。tolerate“忍受，容忍”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thechairmanoftheboard________onmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compelled

B.posed

C.pressed

D.tempted

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“迫使，強(qiáng)迫”；B選項(xiàng)“形成，擺姿勢(shì)”；C選項(xiàng)“壓迫”；D選項(xiàng)“引誘，吸引”。句意：董事會(huì)主席（）我干一件不愉快的工作，就是解雇公司負(fù)擔(dān)不起的優(yōu)秀員工。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞unpleasantjob，這里選擇“強(qiáng)迫”更加符合語境，可以排除B，D；compel一般和to搭配，而且后面接的賓語一般指人，指物的話需要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。presssthonsb“勉強(qiáng)某人接受”，這句話中press后面接的賓語過長，放在句子中間會(huì)造成頭重腳輕，所以把賓語后置了。

12.單選題

ThepanelofdistinguishedscientistsgatheredinCambridgetodiscusstheevidencesinsupportofDr.Thistlethwaite’srevolutionaryhypothesis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thepanelofdistinguishedscientists

B.inCambridge

C.discusstheevidencesin

D.supportof

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。evidences改為evidence。evidence:表示證據(jù)，只能用單數(shù)。

13.單選題

EnglishliteratureandLinguisticsare（

）coursesforEnglishmajors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.compulsory

C.conditional

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)constrained“拘泥的，被強(qiáng)迫的”；B選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的，必修的”；C選項(xiàng)conditional“條件語氣的”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“符合習(xí)俗的，傳統(tǒng)的”。主語是“EnglishliteratureandLinguistics英國文學(xué)和語言學(xué)”，空格后面“courses課程”是句子的表語。由此判斷空格部分意思為“compulsorycourses必修課程”，句意為：英國文學(xué)和語言學(xué)是英語專業(yè)的必修課程。選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

14.單選題

Shesaidgoodnightasecondtimeandrandownstairsagainto______allherpreparationsforthemorrow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnon

B.accountfor

C.wrestlewith

D.letdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)turnon“打開，發(fā)動(dòng)，取決于”，B項(xiàng)accountfor“對(duì)……負(fù)有責(zé)任，對(duì)……做出解釋”，C項(xiàng)wrestlewith“全力對(duì)付，努力克服”，D項(xiàng)letdown“使失望，放下，辜負(fù)”。由句子句意“她第二次道了晚安，然后又跑下樓去______為明天所做的一切準(zhǔn)備”可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有wrestlewith符合語境。句意：她又道了一聲晚安，然后又跑下樓去為明天做準(zhǔn)備。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Weare（）facedwiththenecessarytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowstandardofliving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)readily“容易地，樂意地”，B項(xiàng)smoothly“平穩(wěn)地，平滑地”，C項(xiàng)inevitably“不可避免地”，D項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞withthenecessaryto（有必要）可知，空格部分填入inevitably最合適。句意：我們不可避免地必須要認(rèn)識(shí)到人越多生活水平越低。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Aftertheheavyrain,abuilderwascalledtorepairtheroof,whichwas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leaking

B.trickling

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:大雨過后，叫來一位建筑工人修理在漏水的房頂。

考查形容詞辨析。leaking滲漏的，泄漏的(leak的現(xiàn)在分詞)；tricklingtrickle(滴，細(xì)細(xì)地流，慢慢地移動(dòng))的現(xiàn)在分詞；prominent突出的，顯著的，杰出的，卓越的；noticeable顯而易見的，顯著的，值得注意的。因此A符合句意。

17.單選題

Square-jawed,withapastycomplexionandanathleticbutnotoverlybulked-upbuild,helookslikeamanmeanttohaveawhistlearoundhisneck.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sallow

B.vivid

C.pale

D.blushing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sallow“氣色不好的；灰黃色的”；B選項(xiàng)vivid“生動(dòng)的；鮮明的；鮮艷的”；C選項(xiàng)pale“蒼白的；無力的；暗淡的”；D選項(xiàng)blushing“鮮紅的；臉紅的”。句意：他長著方下巴，臉色蒼白，體格健壯但不太結(jié)實(shí)，看起來就像脖子上掛著個(gè)口哨的人。pasty“蒼白的；面糊似的”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Diamondshavelittle______valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.permanent

C.surplus

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的”；B選項(xiàng)permanent“永恒的，不變的”；C選項(xiàng)surplus“過剩的”；D選項(xiàng)intrinsic“固有的，內(nèi)在的，本質(zhì)的”。根據(jù)theirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity可知D選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：鉆石幾乎沒有內(nèi)在價(jià)值，其價(jià)格幾乎完全取決于其稀缺性。

19.單選題

Theworkerschoseto（

）theirdissatisfactioninaseriesofstrikes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliver

B.offer

C.manifest

D.indicate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。deliver“交付；發(fā)表”；offer“提供；出價(jià)”；manifest“證明，表明”；indicate”預(yù)示，象征”。句意：工人們選擇用罷工來表明他們的不滿。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.單選題

Hadspringeverbeengentle,soendearingbefore?Hadeverylittlescene,everyshopwindow,everyfacehepassedeverbeensowonderfullyinteresting?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attractive

B.favorable

C.inspiring

D.peaceful

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.attractive吸引人的，令人愉快的B.favorable給人好印象的（有好感）

C.inspiring鼓舞人心的，激勵(lì)的，啟發(fā)靈感的D.peaceful安靜的，平靜的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】endearing的意思為“惹人喜愛的，討人喜歡的”，這里問春天是否曾經(jīng)惹人喜愛，讓人不自覺地被他吸引，attractive與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】春天曾經(jīng)如此惹人喜愛嗎？他走過的每一處、每一個(gè)商店櫥窗、每一張面孔，都曾經(jīng)是那么奇妙而有趣嗎？

21.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoft