考研考博-英語-包頭鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-包頭鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeluded,life,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights’Entertainments.Ifwererespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwise,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythingshaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence—thatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusoryfoundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinkthattheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that“therewasaking’sson,who,beingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,and,growinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichbelived.Oneofhisfather’sministershavingdiscoveredhim,revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahme.”Wethinkthatthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop.Oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopiecesinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions;whetherwetravelfastorslow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

39.Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsisoneof______.

40.Theauthorbelievesthatachild______.

41.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto______.

42.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.admiration

B.indifference

C.suspicion

D.repulsion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shouldpracticewhattheHindoospreach.

B.frequentlyfacesvitalproblemsbetterthangrownupsdo.

C.hardlyeverknowshistrueorigin.

D.isincapableofappreciatingthearts.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.looktothefutureforenlightenment.

B.appraisethepresentforitstruevalue.

C.honorthewisdomofthepastages.

D.spendmoretimeinleisureactivities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.historyandeconomics.

B.societyandpopulation.

C.biologyandphysics.

D.theologyandphilosophy.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】39.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度是……”。文章第三句提到Ifwererespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.（如果我們只尊重必然的東西，尊重有權(quán)威為必然的東西，那么音樂和詩歌會(huì)重新在街上唱誦）以及最后一句說到Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.（雖然詩人或藝術(shù)家從來沒有如此美好和崇高的設(shè)想，但至少他的一些后代會(huì)達(dá)到這一步的），從這兩個(gè)句子我們可以知道作者把藝術(shù)看作是崇高和美好，而不是被蒙蔽的東西，所以A項(xiàng)“欽佩，贊賞”符合。B項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”、C項(xiàng)“懷疑”和D項(xiàng)“反感，厭惡”都不準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者相信一個(gè)孩子……”。第七句提到Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily…（孩子們游戲生活，卻比那些難以很好生活的成人們更能清楚的分辨出顯示生活的真正規(guī)律和聯(lián)系……），由此可知，對(duì)于生活中的困難和問題，作者相信孩子們能夠比成年人更好地去面對(duì)，故B項(xiàng)“常常比成年人更好地面對(duì)各種問題”符合題意。C項(xiàng)“幾乎不知道他的真實(shí)出身”，這是講的王子的事情，不是一般的孩子。A項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該實(shí)踐印度布道所宣揚(yáng)的東西”和D項(xiàng)“難以欣賞藝術(shù)”在文中沒有描述。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

41.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)心的是敦促讀者……”。文章提到Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.（永恒中，確實(shí)有真實(shí)和崇高的東西存在。但是所有這一切時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，機(jī)遇都是在此時(shí)此地。上帝本身在現(xiàn)時(shí)達(dá)到了頂峰。在今后流逝的歲月中，它絕不會(huì)更加神圣崇高。我們只有長期不斷地灌輸和浸潤在周圍現(xiàn)實(shí)之中，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的東西。），由此可知，真實(shí)和崇高的東西都是存在于現(xiàn)在的，在今后的歲月中，絕對(duì)不會(huì)變得更加神圣和崇高，所以可推知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人們應(yīng)該珍惜現(xiàn)在，所以B項(xiàng)“珍視目前的真正價(jià)值”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“展望未來，尋求啟迪”與原文不符。C項(xiàng)“尊重過去的智慧”和D項(xiàng)“花更多的時(shí)間在休閑活動(dòng)上”沒提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要是關(guān)于……的問題”。通讀全文可知，文章整篇都在就真理和現(xiàn)實(shí)來展開論述，傳遞的內(nèi)容是哲學(xué)推理論說，所以D項(xiàng)“神學(xué)和哲學(xué)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“歷史和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”、B項(xiàng)“社會(huì)和人口”和C項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)和物理學(xué)”都在文中找不到相關(guān)的信息。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Baltimorewasfoundedin1729.ForagenerationitseemednodifferentfromadozenothersettlementsspringingupattheheadoftheChesapeakeBay;itsclaimtodistinctionconsistedofablacksmith’sshop,flourmill,andtobaccowarehouse.YetBaltimorewasfatedforamoredynamicfuturethanitsslowbeginningseemedtoportend.SpurredbyanagriculturalrevolutionintheMarylandandPennsylvaniacountrysidesaswellasdramaticdisruptionintheAtlanticeconomy,Baltimoreatmidcenturybegantoboom.By1790ithadrisentobecomethenewrepublic’s,fourthlargestcitywithaspirationstoovertakethethreestillahead:NewYork,Philadelphia,andBoston.

AlthoughtheBaltimoreoftheJeffersonianarelooked“utterlyunlikethecolonialvillagefromwhichithademerged,thetwosharedmorethanmightbeapparentatfirstglance.”Baltimore’seconomyhadexpandedtremendously,tobesure,butthesameforcesthatsparkedexpansionaround1750continuedtosustainitfiftyyearslater.Despitetheestablishmentofnewgovernmentsatthestatelevelin1776,nationallevelin1788,andmunicipallevelin1797,thesamefesteringissuescontinuedtoconvulseitspolitics.IfBaltimorehadbecomericherandbigger,itsoccupationalstructure,wealthdistributionandresidentialpatternswouldhavewithstoodthepressuresofgrowthandlookedaboutthesamein1790asin1812.Inotherwords,thefrenziedandseeminglychaoticpaceofurbanization,Baltimoreenjoyedastrong,elementofstabilityforin1812,nolessthan1729,Baltimorewasapre-industrialtown.

1.InwhatyearwasBaltimoreestablished?

2.Whichofthefollowingwasnotoneofthenation’sthreelargestcitiesin1790?

3.Inline13,theword“sparked”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Whatlevelofgovernmentwasestablishedin1788?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheBaltimoreof1812canbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.1729.

B.1750.

C.1776.

D.1788.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Philadelphia.

B.Boston.

C.NewYork.

D.Baltimore.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Burned

B.Flickered.

C.Ledto.

D.Discharged.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Municipal.

B.Country.

C.State.

D.National.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itdidnottakethewaythecitydidin1790.

B.Itdidnothavemanyfactories.

C.Itwasnotanenjoyableplaceinwhichtolive.

D.Itcouldnotgrowanylarger.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一句話指出Baltimore成立于1729。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句提到fourthlargestcitywithaspirationstoovertakethethreestillahead:NewYork,Philadelphia,andBoston，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

spark所在的句子是Baltimore’seconomyhadexpandedtremendously,tobesure,butthesameforcesthatsparkedexpansionaround1750continuedtosustainitfiftyyearslater.根據(jù)前后問，3.可推斷spark在句中有“導(dǎo)致”的意思，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章第二段nationallevelin1788提到是在1788年建立了國家政府，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章指出在狂熱的城市化進(jìn)程中，Baltimore在十分安定的狀態(tài)下度過。1812年的Baltimore和1729年一樣，是個(gè)“前工業(yè)化的城鎮(zhèn)”（Inotherwords,thefrenziedandseeminglychaoticpaceofurbanization,Baltimoreenjoyedastrong,elementofstabilityforin1812,nolessthan1729,Baltimorewasapre-industrialtown.）。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

ScientistsgenerallyagreethattheEarth’sclimatewillwarmupoverthenext50to100years______ithaswarmedinthe20,000yearssincetheIceAge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aslongas

B.asmuchas

C.aswellas

D.ashigheras

【答案】B

【解析】考查比較級(jí)用法。A項(xiàng)aslongas表示“只要，和……一樣長”，B項(xiàng)asmuchas表示“差不多，和……一樣多”，C項(xiàng)aswellas表示“也，和……一樣”，D項(xiàng)ashigheras表示“和……一樣高”。根據(jù)句子前后意思可知，空格處缺少一個(gè)表示比較的詞語，被比較的對(duì)象是Earth’sclimatewillwarmup（地球氣候?qū)⑸仙?，所以B選項(xiàng)最符合。句意：科學(xué)家們普遍認(rèn)為，在未來的50年到100年里，地球的氣候?qū)?huì)變暖，與冰河時(shí)代以來的2萬年里變暖的程度一樣。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Imaginationand（

）ofamanagerwillhelpmakethebusinessasuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.simplicity

B.sophistication

C.innovation

D.condescension

【答案】C

【解析】simplicity樸素，簡易，天真；sophistication復(fù)雜，老于世故；innovation創(chuàng)新，革新；condescension謙卑，屈尊。句意：經(jīng)理的想象力和創(chuàng)新將有助于商業(yè)的成功。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

5.翻譯題

美國人以兩個(gè)特殊的日子向父母表示敬意：這便是每年五月第二個(gè)星期日的母親節(jié)和六月第三個(gè)星期日的父親節(jié)。人們用各種形式來慶賀這兩個(gè)特殊的日子。在母親節(jié)那天，人們佩戴康乃馨（carnation）；很多人還通過參加宗教儀式來向父母致意；在這兩天，許多家庭在家中或到餐館去聚會(huì)。這是充滿歡樂、美好情感和美好回憶的日子。

【答案】PeopleintheUnitedStateshonortheirparentswithtwospecialdays:Mother'sDay,onthesecondSundayinMay,andFather'sDay,onthethirdSundayinJune.Thesedaysaresetasidetoshowloveandrespectforparents.OnMother'sDaypeoplewearcarnations;manypeopleattendreligiousservicestohonorparents.Onthesedaysfamiliesgettogetherathome,aswellasinrestaurants.Thesearedaysoffunandgoodfeelingsandmemories.

6.單選題

Thedecisionoftheuniversitytoclosetheswimmingpoolatweekends

anangryreactionamongstudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nurtured

B.provoked

C.cultivated

D.stimulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。nurtured“培育”；provoked“激起，挑釁”；cultivated“發(fā)展；耕作”；stimulated“促進(jìn)；激發(fā)”。句意：學(xué)校決定在周末封閉游泳池引起學(xué)生激烈的反對(duì)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Windandwatercause（）inrocksandsoil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conversion

B.erosion

C.depression

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conversion“轉(zhuǎn)變”；B選項(xiàng)erosion“腐蝕”；C選項(xiàng)depression“沮喪；洼地；不景氣；憂愁；低氣壓區(qū)”；D選項(xiàng)diversion“令人分心的事物；改道”。句意：風(fēng)和水讓巖石和土壤……。風(fēng)和水對(duì)巖石和土壤有侵蝕作用。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Ananonymousletter_______policetothepossibilityofaterroristattackattheairport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imposed

B.alerted

C.warned

D.informed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.imposed使（別人）接受自己的意見B.alerted向……報(bào)警，使警惕，使戒備（警告某人危險(xiǎn)或緊急情況）

C.warned提醒注意（可能發(fā)生的事），使警惕（以便于避免某事，尤指可能發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)或不愉快的事情）D.informed知會(huì)，通知（尤指以官方的方式告訴某人某事）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】橫線處和police構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系，指的是有人匿名向警察報(bào)警，說可能會(huì)有人襲擊機(jī)場，alerted符合語境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合語境。

【句意】一封匿名信提醒警方注意機(jī)場可能會(huì)發(fā)生恐怖襲擊。

9.翻譯題

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessandwhatitcandoforusnowthanformerly.Summerhomes，Europeanvacations,travel,BMW's—suchitemsdonotseemlessindemandthantheydidadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotadmittheirdreamsaseasilyandopenlyastheyoncecould,lesttheybethoughtofaspushing,acquisitive,andvulgar.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsooutstanding,theproperactionseemstobe,“Succeedatallcostsbutrefrainfromappearingambitious.”Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles,whileitspublicdefendersarefewandineffective.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandcultivatedintheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsurges,butonlythatsinceitisnolongeropenlyhonored,itisthereforelessoftenopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenundergroundormadedevious.

【答案】當(dāng)然，相比于從前，人們對(duì)于成功以及成功給我們帶來的東西興趣似乎不會(huì)減少。人們對(duì)避暑別墅、歐洲旅行、旅游、寶馬這類事物的需求相比一二十年前似乎也沒有減少。情況是人們現(xiàn)在不敢簡單公開地像以前那樣承認(rèn)自己的夢想，怕被認(rèn)為是急功近利、貪得無厭和庸俗的人。對(duì)于這樣的人，或許還有很多不那么優(yōu)秀的人，正確的做法是：不惜一切代價(jià)取得成功，但是要避免變得野心勃勃。人們從各個(gè)角度對(duì)野心有很多批評(píng)，但是公開批評(píng)者很少，并且顯得很無力。因此，在美國，將雄心看作是一種健康的動(dòng)力，一種可敬的從年輕就開始培養(yǎng)了的品質(zhì)，這很少有人支持。這并不意味著雄心已經(jīng)沒有了，也不意味著人們不再感受到雄心帶來的驅(qū)動(dòng)力，相反地，因?yàn)椴辉俟_推崇，那么也不會(huì)公開宣揚(yáng)了。這樣做帶來的結(jié)果是，雄心以一種私下看不見的方式驅(qū)動(dòng)著人們。

10.單選題

Theengineersinthislabspentseveralweeks（）theirplansforthenewbicycle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.counting

B.stripping

C.elaborating

D.casting

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。count“計(jì)算總數(shù)，數(shù)數(shù)”；strip“剝?nèi)ィサ簟?；elaborate“精心制作，詳細(xì)闡述”；cast“投，拋”。句意：工程師們?cè)谶@個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里花了數(shù)周時(shí)間（）新自行車計(jì)劃。能與plans搭配的只有C項(xiàng)“詳細(xì)說明”。

11.填空題

Itispreciselythiskindofconversationwhichisofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bwhich改為that

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

【解題思路】Itis…that…為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，此題強(qiáng)調(diào)這種對(duì)話的重要性，引導(dǎo)詞用that。

【句意】當(dāng)我們想方設(shè)法提高閱讀能力，以匹配更高的學(xué)習(xí)水平和隨之而來的新要求時(shí)，這種對(duì)話尤為重要。

12.單選題

Ⅲ.TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUnitedStates.Pursuanttosection102，copyrightprotectionsubsistsuponsatisfactionofthreeconditions:first,aworkmustbean“originalworkofauthorship”;second,theworkmustbe“fixedinanytangiblemediumofexpression”;andthird,theworkmustcomewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyright.Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorship.Tobeoriginal,aworkmustbeindependentlycreated(asopposedtocopiedfromotherworks)andpossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”.Itisobviousthatlivesportstelecastsareindependentcreations,ratherthanreproductionsofearlierworks.Thecreativityelementisjustaseasilysatisfied.Courtslonghaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors.Inthecontextoffilmingsports,thedecisions“concerningcameraangles,typesofshots,theuseofinstantreplaysandsplitscreens,andshotselectionsimilarlysupplythecreativityrequiredforthecopyrightabilityofthetelecasts”.Sportstelecastsarefixedinatangiblemediumofexpression.Additionally,itisofnoconsequencethattheselivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission.Section101expresslyprovidesthat“aworkconsistingofsounds,images,orboth,thatarebeingtransmitted,is‘fixed’…ifafixationoftheworkisbeingmadesimultaneouslywithitstransmission”.Sincethetelecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated,thetelecastsarefixedintangibleform.

Sportstelecastsarewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyrightasan“audiovisualwork”.TheCopyrightActnotesseveraltypesofsubjectmatterthatiscopyrightable,ofwhich“audiovisualworks”isoneofthecategories.Tobesatisfiedasanaudiovisualwork,theworkinquestionmustconsistofaseriesofrelatedimagesshownbytheuseofmachinesordeviceswithaccompanyingsounds.Fromthisdefinition,thereisnodoubtthatsportstelecastsarewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyright.Sinceitisclearlyestablishedthatsportstelecasts,eventhosetransmittedonalivebasis,arecopyrightedworks,thenextissueisownershipofthecopyright.

ThisissuewasfirstaddressedinPittsburghAthleticCo.v.KQVBroadcastingCo.,albeitadecisionundertheoldcopyrightregime.InasuitforaninjunctionagainstKQVBroadcastingforinterferingwithGeneralMills’exclusivecontracttobroadcastPiratesgamesovertheradio,thecourtruledthatthebaseballteamhadapropertyrighttocontrolthenewsofgamesbybroadcasting.

1.Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorshipbecause___.

2.SportstelecastsarefixedintangibleformNOTbecause___.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectaccordingtotheparagraphs?

4.Themostsuitabletitlefortheseparagraphsis___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theypossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”

B.theyarereproductionsofearlierworks

C.thecreativityelementiseasilysatisfied

D.thedecisionoffilmingsportsconcernsmanyelements

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.telecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated

B.Itisofnoconsequencethatlivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission

C.Courtshaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors

D.Section101oftheCopyrightActexpresslyprovidesso

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUS.

B.Oneofthethreeconditionsforcopyrightprotectionisfixation.

C.Telecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated.

D.Sportstelecasts,iftransmittedonalivebasis,arenotcopyrightedworks.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.CasesInvolvingSportsTelecastsProtection

B.CopyrightabilityofSportsTelecasts

C.ConditionsforCopyrightProtection

D.SportsTelecastsarenotCopyrightable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorship.Tobeoriginal,aworkmustbeindependentlycreated(asopposedtocopiedfromotherworks)andpossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”.Itisobviousthatlivesportstelecastsareindependentcreations,ratherthanreproductionsofearlierworks.（體育電視節(jié)目是原創(chuàng)作品。原創(chuàng)作品必須是獨(dú)立創(chuàng)作的（而不是從其他作品中復(fù)制），并且至少擁有“最低程度的創(chuàng)造力”。很明顯，體育直播節(jié)目是獨(dú)立的創(chuàng)作，而不是對(duì)早期作品的復(fù)制）可知選A選項(xiàng)“他們至少擁有‘最低程度的創(chuàng)造力’”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“他們是早期作品的復(fù)制品”錯(cuò)誤；第一段Thecreativityelementisjustaseasilysatisfied.（創(chuàng)造性元素同樣很容易得到滿足）可知C選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)意元素很容易得到滿足”有在原文提及，但并不是體育電視節(jié)目是原創(chuàng)作品的原因，不符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“拍攝體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的決定涉及到很多因素”不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Additionally,itisofnoconsequencethattheselivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission.Section101expresslyprovidesthat“aworkconsistingofsounds,images,orboth,thatarebeingtransmitted,is‘fixed’…ifafixationoftheworkisbeingmadesimultaneouslywithitstransmission”.Sincethetelecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated,thetelecastsarefixedintangibleform.（此外，這些直播的體育節(jié)目與它的傳輸同步是固定的，這是無關(guān)緊要的。第101節(jié)明確規(guī)定，“被傳送的由聲音、圖像或兩者組成的作品，是‘固定的’……如果對(duì)該作品的固定與它的傳送同時(shí)進(jìn)行”。由于比賽的轉(zhuǎn)播是在傳播的同時(shí)錄下的，所以轉(zhuǎn)播以有形的形式固定下來）可知A選項(xiàng)“奧運(yùn)會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)播是在傳播的同時(shí)錄制的”，B選項(xiàng)“體育實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播與轉(zhuǎn)播同時(shí)固定是沒有關(guān)系的”以及D選項(xiàng)“版權(quán)法第101節(jié)明確規(guī)定”均是體育節(jié)目是固定的有形形式的原因；C選項(xiàng)“法院已經(jīng)承認(rèn)攝影和拍攝涉及創(chuàng)造性的努力”在第一段有提及Courtslonghaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors.（法院早就認(rèn)識(shí)到攝影和拍攝涉及創(chuàng)造性的努力），但并不是體育節(jié)目是固定的有形形式的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段最后一句Sinceitisclearlyestablishedthatsportstelecasts,eventhosetransmittedonalivebasis,arecopyrightedworks,thenextissueisownershipofthecopyright.（既然體育節(jié)目，即使是現(xiàn)場轉(zhuǎn)播的節(jié)目，都是受版權(quán)保護(hù)的，那么下一個(gè)問題就是版權(quán)的歸屬問題）可知D選項(xiàng)“體育節(jié)目，如果是現(xiàn)場轉(zhuǎn)播，則不屬于版權(quán)作品”和原文相悖；第一段第一句TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUnitedStates.（1976年的版權(quán)法是美國適用的聯(lián)邦版權(quán)法）可知A選項(xiàng)“1976年的版權(quán)法是美國適用的聯(lián)邦版權(quán)法”原文有提及；第一段second,theworkmustbe“fixedinanytangiblemediumofexpression”（第二，作品必須“固定在任何有形的表達(dá)媒介中”）可知B選項(xiàng)“版權(quán)保護(hù)的三個(gè)條件之一是固定”原文有提及；第一段最后一句Sincethetelecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated,thetelecastsarefixedintangibleform.（由于比賽的轉(zhuǎn)播是在傳播的同時(shí)錄下的，所以轉(zhuǎn)播以有形的形式固定下來）可知C選項(xiàng)“比賽的轉(zhuǎn)播是在傳播的同時(shí)錄下來的”原文有提及。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。本文圍繞著體育節(jié)目以及版權(quán)能力展開，選B選項(xiàng)“體育節(jié)目版權(quán)能力”；A選項(xiàng)“涉及體育節(jié)目保護(hù)的案件”以及C選項(xiàng)“版權(quán)保護(hù)條件”都是文章片面內(nèi)容，不足以概括整篇文章，排除；根據(jù)原文Sinceitisclearlyestablishedthatsportstelecasts,eventhosetransmittedonalivebasis,arecopyrightedworks,thenextissueisownershipofthecopyright.（既然體育節(jié)目，即使是現(xiàn)場轉(zhuǎn)播的節(jié)目，都是受版權(quán)保護(hù)的，那么下一個(gè)問題就是版權(quán)的歸屬問題）可知D選項(xiàng)“體育節(jié)目不受版權(quán)保護(hù)”明顯錯(cuò)誤，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Inasupermarket,allcommoditiesareopentocustomerswhocanselectwhattheyneed（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheirease

B.attheirease

C.attheireasiness

D.withtheireasiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone'sease是固定短語,意為"沒有拘束的"。句意：在超市里,所有的商品都對(duì)顧客開放,顧客可以自由選擇他們需要的東西。

14.單選題

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.

13.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.

14.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.

15.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?作者支持下列哪一種說法？

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.A.國民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的可靠指標(biāo)。

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.B.人口增長將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅。

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.C.繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長。

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.D.自然資源的減少不利于人類的福祉。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】本題要求選擇作者會(huì)贊同的一項(xiàng)，那么就要選擇符合原文的表述。原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity）”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為自然資源減少不利于繁榮。第4段最后一句提到“從這種角度來看，在這個(gè)背景下，增長對(duì)地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，“這個(gè)角度或背景”指的是第3段的內(nèi)容，其中有一點(diǎn)提到“如果這意味著為了外國投資者和少數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)睾献髡叩睦娑鴦儕Z他們土地上的礦產(chǎn)和樹木資源（strippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasures）”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為，為外國投資者和少數(shù)人利益而大量開采自然資源的發(fā)展是不利于增進(jìn)人民福祉的。綜上所述，作者應(yīng)該會(huì)贊同D選項(xiàng)“自然資源的減少不利于人類的福祉”的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“國民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的可靠指標(biāo)”，可定位到原文第1段第2句，該句提到“國民生產(chǎn)總值據(jù)說（supposedly）是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的一個(gè)指標(biāo)”，根據(jù)其中“supposedly”提示，作者并不肯定這個(gè)指標(biāo)可靠，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于過度推理；

B選項(xiàng)“人口增長將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅”，可定位到原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity），特別是再加上人口增長的話（accompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation）?！庇纱丝芍?，該句提到經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的兩個(gè)威脅：日益減少的自然資源和人口增長，其中前者的影響更大，人口增長并不是主要威脅。該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長”，同樣可定位到原文第1段第3句，由該句可知，“人口增長”是因，“繁榮衰落”是果，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，顛倒了因果。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.第2、3段暗示____。

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

A.經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴于持續(xù)的繁榮

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountriesB.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并沒有加劇第三世界國家的貧困

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountriesC.富裕國家的增長是以犧牲第三世界國家為代價(jià)的

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanismsD.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的各個(gè)階段不能被社會(huì)機(jī)制所取代或改變

【考查點(diǎn)】