考研考博-英語-中國民航大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國民航大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Bobtakesprideindoingajobandgettingitdone______muchtimeisrequired.

問題1選項

A.nomatterhow

B.thematterso

C.inamatterof

D.forthematterof

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項nomatterhow“無論怎樣；無論如何；不管如何；不管怎樣”；C選項inamatterof“左右；大約只不過在……之內(nèi)”；B選項和D選項無實際意義。句意：無論工作需要多少時間，鮑勃都能把它完成，并以此為傲。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Becausewewillneveragreeaboutthis,anyfurtherdiscussionis（）.

問題1選項

A.discernible

B.heedless

C.futile

D.reflective

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項為“可辨別的，可識別的”；B選項為“不注意的，不留心的”；C選項為“無效的，無用的”；D選項為“反射的；反映的；深思熟慮的”。根據(jù)“neveragreeaboutthis”可知，因為我們在這件事上總不能意見一致，所以可知進一步討論是沒有用。因此正確答案為C選項。

3.問答題

Humanbeingsaresocial(A)animalswhousuallyprefernotliving(B)in(C)physicalorpsychologicalisolation(D).

【答案】試題答案：B;tolive

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodosth.意為“更喜歡做某事”。

4.單選題

Theteachersandparentsagreethatitisahintofwhatmightbeexpectedfrom（）generations.

問題1選項

A.superb

B.subsequent

C.supreme

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項superb“極好的，華麗的”；B選項subsequent“隨后的”；C選項supreme“最高的，至高的”；D選項subordinate“從屬的，隸屬的”。句意：老師和家長都認為這是對（）代的期望。這里表達的句意是對subsequentgenerations“后代的期望”，因此B選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Theexposuretoforeignculturesgraduallyledtothe____ofpeople’swayoflifeinthiscountry.

問題1選項

A.distribution

B.disintegration

C.disorder

D.destruction

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.distribution分配；分布B.disintegration分裂；解體

C.disorder騷亂；動亂D.destruction摧毀；毀滅

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：對外國文化的接觸逐漸導致了這個國家人民生活方式的……。根據(jù)邏輯，接觸外國文化會逐漸導致本國人們生活習慣的變化，從而慢慢解體。因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

A選項distribution“分配；分布”，不符合語境；

C選項disorder“騷亂；動亂”，指大群人的暴力行為，不符合語境；

D選項destruction“摧毀；毀滅”，指毀壞某物的行為或被毀滅的過程，而題目中強調(diào)的是結果，該選項不符合語境。

【句意】外來文化的接觸逐漸導致了這個國家人們生活方式的解體。

6.單選題

I’lllendyoumycassetterecorder（

）I’vedonewithit.

問題1選項

A.everytime

B.themoment

C.until

D.lest

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我一用完盒式錄音機就借給你。

考查短語辨析。everytime每次，每當，不能充當連詞;themoment立刻，馬上，一……就；until直到……時，不能與瞬時性動詞連用，題干中的lend為瞬時性動詞,故排除C；lest唯恐，以免，擔心,不符合句意。故選B。

7.單選題

Aftertheconcert,theclean-upcrewfoundtheground（）withpapers,bottlesandcans.

問題1選項

A.scrubbed

B.used

C.littered

D.dispersed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項scrubbed“擦洗；廢止；揉搓”；B選項used“用”；C選項littered“亂丟；給……墊褥草；把……弄得亂七八糟；亂扔廢棄物”；D選項dispersed“分散；傳播”。句意：音樂會結束后，清掃人員發(fā)現(xiàn)地上布滿包裝紙和瓶瓶罐罐。本句表示“包裝紙和瓶瓶罐罐被亂扔在地上”，因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.

Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue"hesays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使緩解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovicedriverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

2.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat

（

）.

5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem（

）.

問題1選項

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

問題2選項

A.theirfrequentdrivingatnight

B.theirimproperwayofdriving

C.theirlackofdrivingexperience

D.theirdrivingwithpassengers

問題3選項

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.

問題4選項

A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule

B.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers

C.theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

問題5選項

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷四個選項中哪種情況最危險。根據(jù)原文前兩段可知，青少年駕車載著超過3名乘客出行發(fā)生致命事故的概率是那些獨自開車青少年的3倍，而青少年司機的死亡率在晚上10點，特別是午夜之后急劇上升。因此，B選項正確。A選項“成年人在晚上10點鐘后搭載青少年”與C選項“成年人在晚上很晚時搭載3名以上青少年乘客”均不正確。D選項“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的車”在原文沒有提及，可排除。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問RobertFoss認為青少年死亡率高的原因。根據(jù)題干定位至原文第三段第一句可知，青少年司機的死亡率高與其真正愚蠢的行為關系不大，而是因為他們?nèi)狈︸{駛經(jīng)驗，故本題正確答案為C。A選項“頻繁在晚上駕駛”：B選項“他們不恰當?shù)鸟{駛方式”；D選項“他們載乘客駕駛”均與原文不符，故排除。

3.細節(jié)事實題。A選項“青少年應該花更多的時間學習駕駛”在原文并未提及，可排除；B選項“駕駛對青少年來說太復雜了所以學不會”，屬于無中生有，可排除；C選項“青少年申請參加駕駛課程應當有一些限制”由第三段內(nèi)容不能得出，可排除。根據(jù)原文第三段最后一句可知，根本問題是，負責發(fā)放駕照的成年人沒有意識到駕駛是一項多么復雜和需要熟練度的任務。也就是說駕照發(fā)行機構應該對此事負有一定的責任。因此，只有D項與原文內(nèi)容相符，故本題正確答案為D選項。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段thewaytomitigatetheproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems可知，緩解青少年駕駛事故的方法是建立所謂的駕照分級許可制度，因此D選項“改善駕照許可制度”正確。A選項為“規(guī)定青少年要在成人陪同下駕駛”；B選項為“應該不準他們載客”：C選項為“應該禁止他們晚上10點后開車”。A、B、C三項均不符合題意，因此本題正確答案為D項。

5.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段第二句Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesoilofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers可知，美國現(xiàn)在大約有一半的州已經(jīng)有了分級許可制度，但只有10個州對乘客有限制。說明這種制度已經(jīng)建立了，只是還不夠完善。A選項“在討論中”、B選項“即將建立”和C選項“已經(jīng)被實施”都不符合，因此本題正確答案為C項。

9.問答題

Manygovernmentsaregrowingincreasinglydeterminedtostampoutthathasbeenreferred

A

B

C

toasthe“corruptioneruption”.

D

【答案】試題答案：C;what

【解析】考查關系代詞。that不能充當賓語從句中的主語，分析句子可知從句中缺少主語，因此將that改為what。

10.單選題

Thedictatorreliedonabuseofitsopponents（

）onsoundingreasoning.

問題1選項

A.morethan

B.ratherthan

C.otherthan

D.betterthan

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。morethan不僅僅；ratherthan而不是；otherthan除了...不同于...；betterthan超過，好于...。句意：這個獨裁者依靠的是辱罵反對者，而不是有力的說服。所以選項B正確。

11.單選題

I’msorryIhavetocancellunchonTuesday.MysecretaryinformsmethatI'llbeinmeetingsalldaylongtoputthefinaltouchesonourbudgetfornextyear.Howdoesyourschedulelooknextweek?

問題1選項

A.sorryIhavetocancel

B.informs

C.alldaylong

D.putthefinaltouchesonourbudgetfor

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】E

12.單選題

Brusselswarnedthatactionisneededtoavoidtherisksof（）effectsontheFrencheconomy,inviewofthecountry’scurrenteconomicdifficultiesanditsexcessivedeficit.

問題1選項

A.vulgar

B.spiral

C.divine

D.adverse

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項vulgar表示“粗俗的，通俗的”；B選項spiral表示“盤旋的，螺旋的”；C選項divine表示“神圣的，非凡的”；D選項adverse表示“不利的，相反的，敵對的”。由后文中的“thecountry’scurrenteconomicdifficultiesanditsexcessivedeficit”可知，目前法國的經(jīng)濟狀況已經(jīng)不佳，所以法案的提出需要避免對法國經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生不利影響。因此，本題正確答案為D選項。

13.單選題

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheirpart,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngandold,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

問題1選項

A.interpreting

B.interpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.beinginterpreted

【答案】B

【解析】非謂語動詞的考查。分析句子意思‘它表明了經(jīng)濟的和社會的，最重要的是，政治的變革是如何發(fā)揮它們的作用的，因此，如果正確來講，成百萬的人們，不管年輕年老，都能從郵票中找到快樂、知識甚至是利益，這一直都是最忠實反映時代的一面鏡子’可知，此處為非謂語動詞，且主語和動詞interpret之間為被動關系，因此應用被動語態(tài)，且應用一般時態(tài)，而不是表將來的不定式或正在進行的beinginterpreted，B選項正確。

14.單選題

Totheextentthatdemocracyhasspread,itisbecauseitisaneffectivemethodofholdingrulersaccountabletotheirpeople,andnotsimplybecauseofitsculturalprestige.

問題1選項

A.evolution

B.impact

C.fame

D.conversion

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.evolution演變，發(fā)展B.impact撞擊

C.fame名聲，聲譽D.conversion轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換

【答案】C

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】prestige的意思為“威信，聲望”，民主傳播不僅僅是因為其文化聲望，fame與之詞義相近，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】就民主傳播的程度而言，這是因為它是一種讓統(tǒng)治者對其人民負責的有效方法，而不僅僅是因為它的文化聲望。

15.單選題

TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourthasnotalwaysresolvedlegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericansinamannerthathaspleasedtheIndiannations.ManyoftheCourt’sdecisionshavebeenproductsofpoliticalcompromisethatlookedmoretothetemperofthetimesthantoenduringprinciplesoflaw.ButaccommodationispartofthejudicialsystemintheUnitedStatesandjudicialdecisionsmustbeassessedwiththisfactinmind.

Despitethe“accommodating”natureofthejudicialsystem,itisworthnotingthatthepoweroftheSupremeCourthasbeenexercisedinamannerthathasusuallybeenbeneficialtoNativeAmericans,atleastonminorissues,andhasnotbeenwhollydetrimentalonthelarger,moreimportantissues.Certainlytherehavebeendecisionsthatcastdoubtonthevalidityofthisassertion.SomecriticspointtothepatronizingtoneofmanyCourtopinionsandtheapparentrejectionofNativeAmericanvaluesasimportantpointstoconsiderwhenreviewingacase.However,thevalidityoftheassertioncanbeillustratedbyreferencetotwoimportantcontributionsthathaveresultedfromtheexerciseofjudicialpower.

First,theCourthascreatedrulesofjudicialconstructionthatingeneral,favortherightsofNativeAmericanlitigants.TheCourt’sattitudehasbeenconditionedbyrecognitionofthedistinctdisadvantagesNativeAmericansfacedwhendealingwithsettlersinthepast.TreatieswereinevitablywritteninEnglishforthebenefitoftheirauthors,whereastriballeaderswereaccustomedtomakingtreatieswithoutanywrittenaccount,onthestrengthofmutualpromisessealedbyreligiouscommitmentandindividualintegrity.Thewrittentreatieswereoftenbroken,andNativeAmericanswereconfrontedwithfraudandpoliticalandmilitaryaggression.TheCourtrecognizesthatpastunfairnesstoNativeAmericanscannotbesanctionedbytheforceoflaw.Therefore,ambiguitiesintreatiesaretobeinterpretedinfavoroftheNativeAmericanclaimants,treatiesaretobeinterpretedastheNativeAmericanswouldhaveunderstoodthem,and,underthereservedrightsdoctrine,treatiesreservetoNativeAmericansallrightsthathavenotbeenspecificallygrantedawayinothertreaties.

Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.Federaljudgesarenotinclinedtoviewfavorablyeffortstoextendstatespowersandjurisdictionsbecauseofthedirectthreatthatsuchexpansionposestotheexerciseoffederalpowers.Intheabsenceofafederalstatutedirectlyandclearlyallocatingafunctiontothestates,federaljudgesareinclinedtoreserveforthefederalgovernment—andthetribalgovernmentsunderitscharge—allthosepowersandrightstheycanbesaidtohavepossessedhistorically.

61.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonwhytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt“hasnotalwaysresolvedlegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericansinamannerthathaspleasedtheIndiannations”(lines1-2)isthat______.

62.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt’sresolutionoflegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericanscanbestbedescribedasoneof______.

63.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofthestates’powersandjurisdictionswithrespecttoNativeAmericanaffairswouldbe______.

64.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto______.

65.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievestheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt’streatmentofNativeAmericanstohavebeen______.

問題1選項

A.NativeAmericanshavebeenpreventedfrompresentingtheirconcernspersuasively

B.theCourthasfailedtorecognizethattheIndiannations’concernsaredifferentfromthoseofothergroupsorfromthoseofthefederalgovernment

C.theCourthasmadepoliticalcompromisesindecidingsomecases

D.theCourthasbeenreluctanttocurtailthepowersofthefederalgovernment

問題2選項

A.wholeheartedendorsement

B.restrainedappreciation

C.detachedobjectivity

D.cautiousopposition

問題3選項

A.possibleonlywiththeconsentoftheIndiannations

B.favorablyviewedbytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt

C.inthebestinterestsofbothstateandfederalgovernments

D.detrimentaltotheinterestsofNativeAmericans

問題4選項

A.contrastopposingviews

B.reevaluatetraditionalbeliefs

C.reconciledivergentopinions

D.provideevidencetosupportacontention

問題5選項

A.reasonablysupportiveinmostsituations

B.irreproachableonlegalgrounds

C.guidedbyenduringprinciplesoflaw

D.misguidedbutgenerallyharmless

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】61.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，美國最高法院‘并不總是以一種讓印第安人滿意的方式解決印第安人關心的法律問題’的一個原因是……”。第一段第二句提到ManyoftheCourt’sdecisionshavebeenproductsofpoliticalcompromisethatlookedmoretothetemperofthetimesthantoenduringprinciplesoflaw（最高法院的許多判決都是政治妥協(xié)的產(chǎn)物，這些妥協(xié)看起來更像是時代的緩和，而不是持久的法律原則），由此可知法院在案件的判決中做出了政治妥協(xié)，因此，C項“法院在判決一些案件時做出了政治妥協(xié)”符合題意；A項“美國原住民被阻止以有說服力的方式表達他們的擔憂”，根據(jù)第二段第五行SomecriticspointtothepatronizingtoneofmanyCourtopinionsandtheapparentrejectionofNativeAmericanvaluesasimportantpointstoconsiderwhenreviewingacase.（一些批評人士指出，許多法院意見的庇護語氣和對印第安人價值觀的明顯拒絕，是復審案件時需要考慮的重要因素）可知，法院是拒絕美國原住民的價值觀，而不是阻止他們以有說服力的方式表達自己的擔憂，因此該項不正確；B項“法院沒有認識到印第安民族的關注點不同于其他群體或聯(lián)邦政府的關注點”，文中沒有提到印第安人的關注點是什么；D項“法院一直不愿意削減聯(lián)邦政府的權力”原文也沒有提到；故該題選C。

62.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對美國最高法院解決印第安人關心的法律問題的態(tài)度可以很好地描述為……”。第二段第一句提到Despitethe“accommodating”natureofthejudicialsystem,itisworthnotingthatthepoweroftheSupremeCourthasbeenexercisedinamannerthathasusuallybeenbeneficialtoNativeAmericans,atleastonminorissues,andhasnotbeenwhollydetrimentalonthelarger,moreimportantissues.（盡管司法系統(tǒng)具有妥協(xié)性，值得注意的是美國本土居民在少部分事務上受惠于最高法院，而在重大問題方面，美國本土居民也并不因此受到損害），由此可知，作者對利弊都有表述，其態(tài)度是公正的，故C項“公平的客觀”符合題意。A項“全心全意的支持”，第一段作者還提到了最高法院并不總是以一種讓印第安人滿意的方式解決印第安人關心的法律問題，所以全心全意的支持這種說法是錯誤的；B項“拘謹?shù)母兄x”，作者沒有表達感謝，因此該項錯誤；D項“謹慎的反對”，作者表述了美國最高法院對印第安人關心的法律問題上有利有弊的解決方案，說作者是客觀的態(tài)度更貼切題意；故該題選C。

63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷出作者相信各州在印第安人事務上的權力和管轄權的擴展將會是……”。文章最后一段提到Federaljudgesarenotinclinedtoviewfavorablyeffortstoextendstatespowersandjurisdictionsbecauseofthedirectthreatthatsuchexpansionposestotheexerciseoffederalpowers.（聯(lián)邦法官不傾向于贊成擴大各州權力和司法管轄權，因為這種擴大會對聯(lián)邦權力的行使構成直接威脅），由此可知國家權力的擴張以及司法觸及美國本土居民事務，聯(lián)邦政府將會面臨危險；該司法系統(tǒng)是國家提供的保護，所以，對于擴展各州在印第安人事務上的權力和管轄權是會得到美國最高法院的支持的，A項“只有得到印第安民族的同意才可能”過于絕對；B項“受到美國最高法院的認可”符合題意；C項“為了州和聯(lián)邦政府的最大利益”，文章已經(jīng)提到了會給聯(lián)邦權力的行使構成直接威脅，所以該項錯誤；D項“對美國原住民的利益有害”，最后一段第一句提到Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.（司法制度的第二個成就是保護部落事務不受陳腐勢力的侵犯），由此可知對美國原住民并不是有害的，因此該項錯誤；故該題選B。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者最主要的目的是……”。最后兩段句首作者用了first和second，可知作者是在舉例論證，因此D項“提供證據(jù)支持論點”正確；A項“對比相反的觀點”，文章最后兩段的中心句是First,theCourthascreatedrulesofjudicialconstructionthatingeneral,favortherightsofNativeAmericanlitigants.（首先，最高法院制定了一般有利于美國原住民訴訟當事人權利的司法構建規(guī)則）和Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.（司法制度的第二個成就是保護部落事務不受陳腐勢力的侵犯），由此可知作者并沒有對比相反的觀點；B項“重新評估傳統(tǒng)信仰”和C項“調(diào)和不同的意見”文中沒有提到；故該題選D。

65.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷作者認為美國最高法院對印第安人的對待是……”。本文主要講到美國最高法院對美國本土居民的法律問題的處理是政治妥協(xié)，而并非遵循著法律原則，但是這種處理也是合情合理的，因為它并沒有造成極大的危害。故A項“在大多數(shù)情況下都給予相當?shù)闹С帧北容^符合句意；B項“在法律上無可指責”，文章都提到了有時候法院對印第安人關心的法律問題沒有遵循法律原則，所以該項錯誤；C項“受持久的法律原則指導”，文中提到也會受到政治妥協(xié)，該項也不正確；D項“被誤導但一般無害”，文中沒有提到誤導；故該題選A。

16.單選題

Isittruethatthecompanyisgoingbankrupt?Ididn’tmeantoeavesdropwhatyousaid.Ijust（

）it.

問題1選項

A.overcame

B.overwhelmed

C.overheard

D.overlooked

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。overcome克服；overwhelm淹沒，壓倒；overheard無意聽到；overlook忽視。

句意：那家公司要破產(chǎn)了，是真的嗎？我無意偷聽你們說話，只是無意中聽到的。選項C符合語境。

17.單選題

Inthe1930s,whenmillionsofcomicbookswere______theyoungwithfightingandkilling,nobodyseemedtonoticethattheviolenceofcarsinthestreetswasmorehysterical.

問題1選項

A.inundating

B.imitating

C.immolating

D.insulating

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項inundating“泛濫；使充滿”；B選項imitating“模仿”；C選項immolating“獻祭；犧牲”；D選項insulating“隔離”。句意：在20世紀30年代，數(shù)以百萬計的漫畫書______年輕人的戰(zhàn)斗和殺戮，似乎沒有人注意到，街道上的汽車暴力比這更歇斯底里。根據(jù)語境，這里是漫畫書里有很多年輕人的暴力因素，所以inundating“泛濫；使充滿”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

18.單選題

Ifyouholdontoawinningattitude,you’llmakeagreatereffortandalsocreatepositivemomentum.

問題1選項

A.influence

B.strength

C.outlook

D.consequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。momentum表示“動量，動力”；A項influence“影響”，B項strength“力量，力氣”，C項outlook“展望，態(tài)度，觀點”，D項consequence“結果”。句意：如果你堅持一種必勝的態(tài)度，你就會做出更大的努力，也會創(chuàng)造積極的勢頭。根據(jù)句意可知B項正確。

19.單選題

Thehighcourtreversedthedecisionofthelowercourtbecausetheruling______thedefendanthisright.

問題1選項

A.refused

B.declined

C.denied

D.ignored

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項refuse“拒絕”，其后接名詞、代詞或不定式；B選項decline“下降，謝絕，婉言拒絕”；C選項deny“否認，拒絕給予”，denysb.sth.表示“拒絕給予某人某物”；D選項ignore“忽視，不顧”。根據(jù)從句中的賓語thedefendanthisright可知選C。句意：高等法院推翻了下級法院的裁決，因為該裁決剝奪了被告的權利。

20.單選題

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.（

）

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.（

）

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.（

）

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.（

）

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

ThepassagehassixsectionsA-F.ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsA-Dfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,I-VII,inboxes14-17onyouranswerSheet.

問題1選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題2選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題3選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題4選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:F

第3題:E

第4題:G

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionA的主要內(nèi)容，可知該段首先介紹了各種類型的欺凌，然后具體分析了英國小學的欺凌現(xiàn)象，可判斷出整個段落的主要內(nèi)容為：對英國學校欺凌現(xiàn)象的調(diào)查。選項Ⅳ符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionB第一句“Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide…”，欺凌是令人不愉快的，而且會讓經(jīng)歷欺凌的孩子感到自卑和沮喪。在極端情況下，它甚至會導致自殺。下文繼續(xù)提到了受到欺凌的小學生在成年后更容易遇到交際困難?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬狡哿鑼⒆觽儙淼挠绊?。選項Ⅵ符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionC第二句“…schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知過去學校會否認學校欺凌這個問題，聲稱學校沒有欺凌事件。下文繼續(xù)提到學校的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變，“…moreschoolsarenowsaying:‘Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.’”，許多學?，F(xiàn)在承認欺凌現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，并且會有明確的應對措施?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬搅藢W校對欺凌事件的態(tài)度變化。選項V符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionD第一句“Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.”，可知本段主要對學校態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變的原因進行了解釋，此句為中心句。可判斷出此段的主要內(nèi)容為導致學校采取新的應對方法的原因，選項Ⅶ符合題意。

21.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。absorption“吸收”；transition“傳送，過渡，傳遞”；consumption“消費，消耗”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：從固體變成液體，水要吸收周圍所有物體的熱量，這種吸收會導致周圍環(huán)境變冷。選項A符合題意。

22.單選題

Hotmetal______asitgrowscooler.

問題1選項

A.contracts

B.reduces

C.condenses

D.compresses

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項contract“收縮、訂約”；B項reduce“減少”；C項condense“濃縮、凝結”；D項compress“壓縮、壓緊、精簡”；句意：熱金屬一變冷就收縮。因此該題A項正確。

23.單選題

Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.

Ifyousaytoyourchildren“I’msorryIgotangrywithyou,but...whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:“Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfellingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.

Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbyw