考研考博-英語-東北財經大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東北財經大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

SegregationmadeitdifficultforblackAmericanstobecome（

）intothelargermiddleclasscultureanditsvalues.

問題1選項

A.anticipated

B.indulged

C.transmitted

D.assimilated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組的固定搭配。assimilatedinto“融入……”。句意：種族隔離使得美國黑人難以融入到主流的中產階級文化和價值觀中。

2.單選題

Inselectingamaterial,theengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

問題1選項

A.where

B.towhich

C.inwhich

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。句意為：該工程師在選擇材料時關注它的性能，其決定自身在負載和受限制的情況下將如何表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)關鍵詞“theloadsandcondition”可知關系代詞“where”不符合，再由subject一般構成“besubjectto受制于”的固定搭配知B項“towhich”正確。

3.單選題

Weenjoyedtheholiday（）theexpense.

問題1選項

A.except

B.exceptfor

C.besides

D.inadditionto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A、B、C、D四個選項都有“除……之外”的意思，但C項與D項表示的意思包括“除去的部分”；而A項與B項表示的意思不包括“除去的部分”；所以可以根據(jù)題干意思可以排除C、D兩個選項。另外由于theholiday與theexpense的主語不是同一個，而except后面接的詞應與前面共用主語，所以本題應該選擇B項。句意：除費用外，我們都很享受這個假期。

4.單選題

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30million

participantsofallages.

問題1選項

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娛樂”；symposium“座談會’；penalty“懲罰”。句意：在過去的三十年里，跑步對于3000萬名各個年齡層的參與者來說成為了一種非常受歡迎的消遣方式。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Buttheoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarhasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrtienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Alien,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybycoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Para.5)?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.Akindofoverlookinequality.

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice.

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

問題2選項

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

問題3選項

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

問題4選項

A.Theyaregettingimpatient.

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

問題5選項

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabtismstillhasalongwaytogo.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.（對于那些尚未意識到這一劣勢的人來說，這是指對那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母開頭的人的歧視）可知A選項“一種被忽視的不公平”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段提出字母排序是一種隱藏的歧視；第二三段舉例說明字母排序的歧視，因此D選項“某種形式的歧視太微妙以至于無法識別”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第四段介紹了從入學開始，老師們就按姓氏首字母排序安排學生的座位，很少關注那些由于姓氏首字母靠后而經常被安排在教室的后面，也很少向他們提問，因此C選項“老師們應該關注所有的學生”符合題意。

4.詞義題。由文章最后一段中的Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.（羞辱還在繼續(xù)。在大學畢業(yè)典禮上，ABC們自豪地獲得了他們的獎項；等輪到Zysman們的時候，大多數(shù)人實際上已經ZZZ了）可在推測等輪到Zysman們領獎時，其他人由于等的時間太長，差不多都會睡著了。ZZZ表示“（擬聲）打鼾聲”，dozingoff表示“打瞌睡”，因此選B。

5.推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了字母排序所帶來的歧視，這種歧視是隱蔽的，是無意中導致的，因此D選項“按字母順序排列可能會導致無意的偏見”符合題意。

6.填空題

Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.Itcouldbeafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpaneledden.Whatdoes（

）isthattheychoosetobetogether.Foritisthesupport,thestrength,thebondsandtraditionsofthefamilythatgiveuswhatweallneedmostinlife.Allthesecanbefoundinagoodhome.Homeisthestagewherethedramaoflifeisplayed,theclassroomwherechildrenlearnright

（

）wrong,andtheplacewhereold-fashionedidealslikecourageandhonesty,respect

（

）

oneselfandothersarepassed

（

）

fromonegenerationtothe

（

）

.

Weareconcerned

（

）

theerosionofthesevaluesthatshouldbetaughtathome.Weseethegrowingproblemsofsociety—brokenhomes,crime,drugs,andjuveniledelinquency—andareshockedbythetraumatheyinflict

（

）

families,especiallychildren.Ourover-burdenedschoolscannolonger

（

）

theseproblemsconfrontingoursociety.Thereisonlyoneplacewherewecanregainthevaluesandintegritythatwill

（

）

theseills.Wemustturn

（

）

thehome—ourpieceoftheworld—theplacewhereitallbegins.

【答案】考查上下文語義。由前面的“Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.”一個家庭選擇哪一個房間并不重要，可知填matter，此句意為：重要的是他們選擇在一起。

試題答案：matter

考查介詞搭配。from意為“（表示來源）來自……”，learnrightfromwrong意為“明白是非”。

試題答案：from

考查介詞搭配。respectfor意為“尊敬，尊重”。

試題答案：for

考查固定搭配。passdown意為“傳下來，傳承”。

試題答案：down

考查上下文語義。fromonegenerationtothenext意為“從一代到下一代”。

試題答案：next

考查介詞搭配。beconcernedaboutsth.意為“關心某事”。

試題答案：about

考查介詞搭配。inflicton意為“使……受痛苦”

試題答案：on

考查上下文語義。solveproblems意為“解決問題”。

試題答案：solve

考查上下文語義。curetheseills意為“治療這些疾病”。此句意為：只有在一個地方，我們才能重獲價值和誠信，才能治愈這些弊病。

試題答案：cure

考查介詞搭配。turnto意為“轉向”

試題答案：to

7.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthanequipment.

C.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

問題2選項

A.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutivesinthefirms.

D.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirms.

問題3選項

A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment

B.topexecutives

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills

D.technologicalandmanagerialstaff

問題4選項

A.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

B.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

C.theintroductionofnewtechnologies

D.theimprovementofworkers’basicskills

問題5選項

A.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.

D.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：下面哪一項適用于美國公司的人力資源管理？根據(jù)原文第一段第三句Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.（技能的獲得被認為是個人的責任。）由此可知，C選項“公司認為員工獲得技能是他們自己的事”符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：在美國公司中人力資源管理主管的地位怎樣？根據(jù)原文第二段第三、四句Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).（人力資源管理主管這一職位通常是一項專門的工作，處于公司等級制度的邊緣。持有該職位的主管在重大戰(zhàn)略決策上不需要征詢他的意見，他也沒有機會晉升為首席執(zhí)行官。）由此可知，美國公司人力資源管理的主管在管理層中是非常沒有地位的，在重大決策中是沒有發(fā)言權的，所以A選項“他在公司里做重要決定時沒有發(fā)言權”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：大多數(shù)美國公司投入培訓的資金主要用于什么？根據(jù)文章第三段第二句Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.（他們投資的資金也更多地集中在專業(yè)人員和管理人員身上。）由此可知，D選項“技術和管理人員”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：保持一個公司競爭優(yōu)勢的決定性因素是什么？文章首段第一句話指出Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.（如果持續(xù)的競爭優(yōu)勢取決于勞動者的技能，那么美國公司就有麻煩了。）而第三段又提到thebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.（基本技能使得吸收掌握新技術成為可能。）由此可知，D選項“提高工人的基本技能”符合原文，所以正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要談論如果競爭的優(yōu)勢取決于工人的技術，那么美國的公司就遇到麻煩了。美國公司不正確的人才管理戰(zhàn)略，使它們的競爭能力受到了挑戰(zhàn)。所以A選項“美國公司的人力資源管理策略影響了它的競爭力”正確。

8.單選題

Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom.Thesmoke（

）myeyes.

問題1選項

A.disturbs

B.bothers

C.upsets

D.irritates

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項disturb“打擾，妨礙”；B選項bother“麻煩，打擾”；C選項upset“使心煩，擾亂”；D選項irritate“刺激，激怒”。句意：請不要在會議室吸煙，煙熏得我眼睛難受。也就是說眼睛受到了刺激，所以選項D正確。

9.單選題

Cannedfoodsare______withhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.

問題1選項

A.usual

B.welcome

C.desirable

D.popular

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項usual“尋常的，通常的”，B項welcome“歡迎的”，C項desirable“令人滿意的”，D項popular“流行的，通俗的”。根據(jù)句子可知，bepopularwith固定搭配，表示“為……所喜歡，受……歡迎”，故D項符合。句意：罐頭食品很受家庭主婦的歡迎，因為它需要很少的時間來烹飪。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

10.單選題

（

）onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinite.

問題1選項

A.Ifwalking

B.Walking

C.Whilewalking

D.Whenoneiswalking

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。此句中的主句的主語為mountains，所以邏輯主語和主句主語應不同。故排除A、B、C三項。D項正確。句意：當一個人在晴朗的天氣散步時，遠離城市喧囂，山脈會給他一種無限感。

11.單選題

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperated______insteadofmechanically.

問題1選項

A.artificially

B.automatically

C.manually

D.synthetically

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.artificially人造地，人為地B.automatically自動地，機械地

C.manually手動地D.synthetically綜合地，合成地

【考查點】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)insteadof（而不是）可知，空格處和mechanically（機械地）是相對立的，所以要表示“人工的，手動的”，C項符合。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合句意。

【句意】這艘船的發(fā)電機壞了，水泵不得不用人工而不是機械操作。

12.單選題

Anumberofdevelopmentscombinedtodestroythemonetarysystem,leadingtoacrisisinwhichthecollapseofonecountry'seconomyandcurrency-inamodernversionofthecommercialdominotheory-leadstofiscal（）thatspreadsuncomfortablyaroundtheworld,wreakinghavoconglobalcapitalism.

問題1選項

A.contamination

B.contagion

C.inflammation

D.inflation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。contamination“污染”；contagion“傳染”；inflammation“發(fā)炎”；inflation“膨脹”。句意：根據(jù)現(xiàn)代版本的多米諾骨牌效應，一個國家的經濟和財政的變化將會影響全球，并對全球資本主義造成嚴重破壞。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas（）totheissueathand.

問題1選項

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.irrelevant

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項irrational“不合理的”；B選項unreasonable“不合理的；非理智的”；C選項irrelevant“不相干的；不切題的”；D選項invalid“無效的；有病的；殘廢的”。句意：這位法官判定這一證據(jù)是不予采納的，理由是它與手頭的案件是不相干的。C選項正確。

14.單選題

Weshould（

）ourhumanandmaterialresourcesifwearetosucceedinthejointventure.

問題1選項

A.pour

B.plunge

C.pool

D.pick

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果我們想要辦成合資企業(yè)的話，就應該集中我們的人力和物力資源。

考查動詞辨析。pour使(液體)連續(xù)流出，傾倒，倒出傾瀉；plunge使陷入，使投入，使插入；pool共用，聚攏（資金、知識、設備等）；pick拾取，精選，采摘。因此C符合句意。

15.單選題

NewresearchbyHillaryPennellandElizabethBehm-MorawitzattheUniversityofMissourisuggeststhat,atleastforwomen,theinfluenceofsuperheroesisnotalwayspositive.Althoughwomenplayavarietyofrolesinthesuperherogenre,includinghelplessmaidenandpowerfulheroine,thefemalecharactersalltendtobehypersexualized,fromtheirperfect,seducingfigurestotheirsexy,revealingcostumes.Exposuretothis,theyshow,canimpactbeliefsaboutgenderroles,bodyesteem,andself-objectification.

Consider,forexample,superheromovieslikeSpider-manorSuperman.Theseaction-packedfilmstypicallyfeatureastrong,capable,intelligentmanfightingavillainousforce.Thegoalofcourseistosavehumanity,butmoreoftenthannotthereisalsoanimmediateneedtorescueafairladyindistress.Thefemalevictimistypicallydelicate,naive,anddefenseless,butatthesametimesexyandbeautiful.Whatshelacksinstrengthandcunningshemakesupforinkindnessandcurves.Itisnotsurprising(orinsignificant)thatsheisoftentheobjectofthehero’saffections.

PennellandBehm-Morawitzarguedthatexposuretothesestereotypicfemalevictims,whoseprimaryappealissexual,maylowerwomen’sbodyesteem,heightenthevaluetheyplaceonbodyimage,andresultinlessequalgenderrolebeliefsandexpectations.However,femalecharactershavecomealongwayinthesuperherogenre,andit’spossiblethattheantidotetothehelplessfairmaidenisthecompetent,commandingsuperheroine.

TheX-Menfilms,forexample,featureanumberofempoweringfemalecharacterslikeStorm,JeanGray,andDazzler,eachofwhomwieldsauniquespecialabilityanddisplaysimpressivecognitiveandphysicalcompetence.Perhapsexposuretothisnewgenerationoffemaleheroineswillresultinmoreequalgenderbeliefs,higherbodyesteem,andgreaterprioritizationofphysicalcompetenceoverappearance.

Still,today’ssuperheroines,liketheirfemalevictimcounterparts,areoftenunrealistic,sexualizedrepresentationsoffemalefigures,withlargechests,curvybacksidesandunattainablehourglassdimensions.Theirskin-tightoutfitsunderlinetheirsexualitywithplungingnecklinesandbareskin,andmanyoftheirnames(e.g.,Risque,Mystique,RubySummers)connote,shallwesay,aslightlylessrespectableprofessionthansuperheroine.

PennellandBehm-Morawitzthusspeculatedthatwhiletoday’spowerfulsuperheroinesmightelevateequalbeliefsaboutgenderroles,theirsexualizednaturemightsimultaneouslyhavedestructiveeffectsonbodyimageandself-objectification.

1.What’stheimpliedmeaningofthefirstparagraph?

2.Femalevictimsinsuperheromoviestendtobe（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofstereotypicfemalevictimscanbeimprovedby

（

）.

4.ThefilmaudienceinParagraph4willmostprobablysupporttheideathat

（

）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?

6.WhatisHilaryPennellandElizabethBehm-Morawitzattitudetowardstoday’ssuperheroines?

問題1選項

A.Womenareeitherhelplessorpowerfulinsuperheromovies.

B.Superheromoviesdefinitelyinspirewomentobecomestronger.

C.Femalecharactersareextremelysexyandappealinginsuperheromovies.

D.Superheromoviesmakewomenobjectifythemselvesandquestiontheirbodyshapes.

問題2選項

A.formidableandquick-witted

B.sophisticatedandintimidating

C.pretentiousandloathsome

D.amiableandseductively-shaped

問題3選項

A.showingmorecompetentandheroicfemalecharacters

B.distinguishingthemfromthesuperheroines

C.turningthemintocapableandpowerfulsuperheroines

D.strengtheningtheirimageasinnocentandalluringmaidens

問題4選項

A.menandwomenareequal

B.specialabilitiesareunrealisticforfemales

C.womenshouldalwaysbeonadiettostayingoodshape

D.theimportanceofastrongbodyshouldbedownplayedcomparedwiththatofappearance

問題5選項

A.Femalerolesaredressedinrevealingandinvitingcostumes.

B.Leadingfemalerolesarestillstereotypedbyalluringbodies.

C.Manyofthesuperheroines’namesarerelatedwithundignifiedjobs.

D.Sexymaidensremainthetypicalimageoffemalevictimsinmovies.

問題6選項

A.Affectionate.

B.Respectful.

C.Objective.

D.Opposed.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“Exposuretothis,theyshow,canimpactbeliefsaboutgenderroles,bodyesteem,andself-objectification.(超級英雄電影會讓婦女質疑自己的性別角色、對身體的自尊，將自己降格為物件。)”即可得出本題答案。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“Thefemalevictimistypicallydelicate,naive,anddefenseless,butatthesametimesexyandbeautiful.Whatshelacksinstrengthandcunningshemakesupforinkindnessandcurves.(超級電影中的女性受害者常常被刻畫成柔弱、單純、無助，然而又楚楚動人的形象。她們不強壯、不狡猾，于是用善良和身體的曲線來彌補。)”,即可得出本題答案。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第三段。根據(jù)“it’spossiblethattheantidotetothehelplessfairmaidenisthecompetent,commandingsuperheroine.(柔弱的女性角色可以通過刻畫能干的、善于發(fā)號施令的女性超級英雄來改善。)”即可得出本題答案。

4.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第四段。根據(jù)“…moreequalgenderbeliefs,higherbodyesteem,andgreaterprioritizationofphysicalcompetenceoverappearance.(新一代的女性英雄形象會帶來更為平等的性別觀念，增強對身體的自尊，更關注身體能力而不是長相。)”即可得出本題答案。

5.段落大意題。根據(jù)“areoftenunrealistic,sexualizedrepresentationsoffemalefigures(都是虛構的，都是情色化的女性人物。)”,即可得出本題答案。

6.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞，可將信息點定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“mightelevateequalbeliefsaboutgenderroles(可能會提升對性別角色的平等信念)”“theirsexualizednaturemightsimultaneouslyhavedestructiveeffectsonbodyimageandself-objectification(他們的性化本質可能同時對身體形象和自我客觀化產生破壞性的影響)”，可知他們的態(tài)度是比較客觀的。從而得出本題答案。

16.單選題

Whatamazesmeishercompletedisregardforanyone.

問題1選項

A.ignorance

B.bias

C.focus

D.emphasis

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項ignorance“無知，愚昧，不知，不懂，忽視”；B選項bias“偏見，偏愛，斜紋”；C選項focus“焦點，中心，清晰；焦距”；D選項emphasis“重點，強調，加強語氣”。句意：使我吃驚的是她對任何人都漠不關心。Disregard“忽視，無視，不尊重”，A選項與該詞詞義最相近，因此A選項正確。

17.單選題

Salasisoneof13,000KingCountyemployeeswhowillbeaskedtoconfidentially_______whetherthey'reoverweight,smokeorengageinotherhealth-relatedvices.

問題1選項

A.dement

B.divulge

C.retaliate

D.disservice

【答案】B

【解析】dement使發(fā)狂;divulge泄露,暴露;retaliate報復;disservice傷害,虐待。句意：薩拉斯是國王郡1.3萬名雇員之一,他們將被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸煙或是否有其他與健康有關的惡習。選項B符合句意。

18.單選題

Duringthemid-1840s,from1845-1848,thepotatocropinIrelandfailed,creatingafaminethatravagedthepopulation.Thisevent,theGreatFamine,wasoneofthemostsignificanteventsinthe8000-yearhistoryofthisislandnation,andtheeffectsofitcontinuetohaunttheIrish,boththosewhostillliveinIrelandandthosewholiveintheUnitedStates.ThemostimmediateeffectofthefaminewasthedramaticdeclineintheIrishpopulation—eitherthroughdeathfromstarvationanddiseaseorthroughemigrationtoothercountries.

InIreland,thepotatohadhistoricallybeenthemainstayofthedietofalargeproportionoftheruralpopulation.Highlynutritional,thepotatowaseasytoplantandeasytoharvest.Ifafamilyofsixhadoneacreofland,itcouldgrowapotatocropthatwouldfeedthemforalmostayear.However,dependenceononecrophaditsdownsideaswell.Potatoescouldnotbestoredforlong,andfarmerswhohadgrownsoaccustomedtodealingwiththisonecropneglectedtoplantothercropsasahedgeagainstpossiblefailures.

RapidpopulationincreasesintheyearsprecedingtheGreatFaminehadcreatedacountrywhoseexpandingpopulationwasoftenpoverty-stricken.Expandingpopulation,coupledwithlandowners’lackofresponsibilitytowardtenant-farmers,ledtoasystemwheretenant-farmersfrequentlysubdividedtheirlandsothattheycouldgainabitofrentthemselves.Consequently,theruralareasweredottedwithsmallplotsofland,mostofwhichwereusedforpotatofarming.Priortothefamine,urbanareasinIrelandwerealsoexperiencingeconomicdistressbecauseofadeclineinIrishindustrythatresultedinunemploymentandpovertyincitiessuchasDublin.

In1845,theyearthefaminebegan,agoodpotatocropwasexpected,soitcameasagreatsurprisewhennearlyhalfofthecropofthecountryfailedbecauseofablightthathadcomefromNorthAmerica.Thisparticularblightwasunusualinasmuchaswhenthepotatowasdugfromtheground,itappearedtobehealthy;itwasonlyafteradayortwothatthepotatobegantorot.

Despitethefactthatonlyhalfthecropfailedin1845,starvationanddiseaseplaguedtheentirecountrybecausemanystarvingpeople,someofwhomwereinfectedwithcontagiousdiseases,roamedthecountrysidelookingforfoodandspreadingdisease.Then,in1846,thecropfailedcompletely.In1847,therewasanotherpartialfailure,butbecausepeoplehadeatentheirseedpotatoesin1846,thecropwasmuchsmallerin1847.Thenagainin1848,thecropfailedcompletely.

Asifthecropfailureswerenotenough,otherfactorsaffectedtheseriousnessofthesituation.Variouscontagiousdiseasessuchastyphus,dysentery,andseveraldifferenttypesoffeverspreadrapidly.Landlordsevictedtenant-farmers,andthegovernmentdidverylittletoproviderelief.Nordidithelpthatthewinterof1846-1847wasoneofthecoldestonrecord.

Whenthefaminewasoverin1849,acholeraepidemicstruckIreland,sothatby1850thecountryfounditspopulationreducedfrom8.5millionto6.5million.Onemillionpeoplehaddiedfromdiseaseandstarvation,andonemillionhadleftIrelandforBritain,Europe,orNorthAmerica.

TheresultsoftheGreatFaminewereprofound.FarminginIrelandchangedfromaone-cropeconomytoanagriculturaleconomythatincludedlivestockandothercrops,suchasgrains.TheseedsofanimositytowardGreatBritain,whichhadnothelpedtheIrishintheirtimeofneed,weresown.Andapatternofemigrationwasestablishedthatlastsuntiltoday.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

2.Thepassageimpliesthat______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,rurallifeintheyearsbeforetheGreatFaminecanbestbedescribedas______.

4DiseaseplaguedtheIrishduringthefaminebecause______.

5.AllofthefollowingwereresultsofthefamineEXCEPTthattheIrish______.

問題1選項

A.itwasfilledwithnutrients

B.itwaseasytoplant

C.itwaseasytoharvest

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoes

問題2選項

A.dependenceononecropwassensible

B.thepotatowasnottheonlycropinIreland

C.theIrishwereahappypeople

D.dependenceononecropwasdangerous

問題3選項

A.declininginpopulation

B.harsh

C.decreasingintenant-farmers

D.expandinginfarmsize

問題4選項

A.thepotatowasdiseased

B.immigrantsbroughtdisease

C.starvingIrishcarrieddiseasefromplacetoplace

D.livingconditionswerenotsanitary

問題5選項

A.emigratedtonewlands

B.begantoraisedlivestock

C.becameangeredattheBritish

D.becameindependentfromGreatBritain

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章，除了______，土豆成為愛爾蘭人的主食有以下所有原因。

A.itwasfilledwithnutrientsA.它富含營養(yǎng)

B.itwaseasytoplantB.它很容易種植

C.itwaseasytoharvestC.它很容易獲得收成

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoesD.土壤適合種土豆

【答案】D

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段前兩句“在愛爾蘭，土豆一直是大部分農村人口的主要食物。馬鈴薯營養(yǎng)豐富，易于種植和收獲?！笨芍?，土豆成為愛爾蘭人的主食的原因包括營養(yǎng)豐富，易于種植以及容易獲得收成，