2020年考研英語(一)真題及答案

2020年考英語（）真題參考答SectionIUsethetheblankandmarkA,B,CorDtheANSWERSHEET(10points)liveinworldsystems,digitalmaps,andareavailablesmartphones._1_ofusintowithoutaphones_2_onbatteries,andbatteriesfasterthanwegetlostphoneorafindtrickstohelpnavigate_5_tocivilization,oneofwhichistheland.youfindyourselfwell_6_anotincompletely_7_area,youhavetwoquestions:Which_8_isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andisliveinonsuppliesofyouheadfind,youshould_10_seesignspeopleIfyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutidentifyingarocktreebearings.andforofhumaninableto_14_gapsinthelinetootherpathspeoplecarve_15_thewoods.Headtowardfindwaymightcanfor_17_lightfiresandwalkglowoflightinantendtofrequent,lookforthe_19_wethetiretracks.andotherfeaturestocivilization.1[B]Most[C]Few[D]All[A]put[C]run[B]If[C]Though[D]until[A]Formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally[A]back[B]next[D]away[A]onto[C]across[D]alone[A]unattractive[C]unchanged[A]site[B]point[A]So[B]YetlO.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[D]eventually[A]surprised[C]frightened[D]confused[A]problem[B]option[C]view[A]Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]On[D]Forexample[A]bridge[D]separate[A]form[B]through[C]beyond[D]Under[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks[A]artificial[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally[D]Generally[A]memories[C]notes[D]belongings[A]restrict[C]leadSectionIIReadingthefourchoosingB.CorD.MarkyouronANSWERSHEET(40points)2Text1FinancialinBritainhavearatherunusualbigbanks.Startingcoulddelayed1oiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforpurposeofthis"clawback"ruleistoholdbankersforrisktakingandininstitution,Yethopeforlongdecision-makingnotbutallastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.“Shorttermismthedesireforquickprofits,hasinpubliclytradedcompanies.saystheofEngland'stopeconomist.AndrewaofMarshallindescribingthisfinanciallike"Childrentheofpuddingto”ratherputtingasidetobeeatenTheforainbothandBritain.henoteshasdroppedsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientdemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canafirmseffortstoinvestinbuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"quarterlycapitalism”.Indigitalhaveallowedmoretradingofequitiesuseofinformation,andshortersattentioninfinancialseemsbeapredominanceofshort-termtheoflong-investing,”saidCommissionerUSExchangeinaspeechweek.IntheSarbanes-OxleyAclofpublictoperformanceforbyahelpingreduce"short-termism."InitssurveyofpayTheWallfindsthat"asubstantialcoulddoneencourage"long-termism,suchasintaxcodequickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InwhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwosometimescanmorevotingrightsinWithinrightfortothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatonbehalfallstakeholders,Britainnewrulei

saremindertosocietyhasaninterestinperformancenotjustforbutforthe3toParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingnewtheA.enhanceBachievelargerbuildfinancialregulationguaranteetheofisindicatetheconditionsforgeneratingquickprofitsimpatienceindecision-makingthestructureofpubliclytraded"short-termism"inItarguedoftransientinvestmentonpubliccanbeA.inditedC.minimalDTheUSFranceandillustratethetopreventing"short-termism.theorlongtheapproacheslong-termism.theofshort-termthinking.offollowingbetheforthetextFailureofPatienceaCorporateVirtueDecisivenessofTopExecutivesFrustrationofBankers4Text2Gradeinflation-theinaverageGPAs(grade-pointaverages)overthefewdecades-isconsideredproductofainhigherwhichtreatedliketopleased.Butpolicydeepcatalogsforgiveness"-isGradeinwhichaloworthehighestgradeistheincalculatingaTheoflittle-knownpracticeyears,ascollegescontinuedotheirutmostintuition)andtheirgradationrates.Whenpracticefirdecadeswasusuallylimitedtochancetotakeainfirstyeariftheystruggledintransitioncourses.Butnowforselectivecampuses,allowundergraduates,andstudents,togradesforgiven.officialstendemphasizegoalgradeitselfmoreabouttoretakecriticaltodegreeprogramgradationincurringabigpenalty."Untimely."saidStateUniversity'sstudentssuccessbecausetheyretakecourseanddobetterinmastercontentallowsontime.Thatinwhichsatisfiesownneedsaswell.Forpublicinstitutionsfindsaretosuccessonmetricssuchasgraduationandstudentretentionsogradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,meanthatwillmakestudentswho,attheofdaypayingthebill-feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigforcolleges.gradejustanotherthatexpectationsforstudentsparentsdegreejob,itisinthegradatesaspossible-oratleastappeartobe.Onthis,students'andcolleges’incentivestobealigned.526.Whatisregardedasthegradeinflation?Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.CofGPAS.D.Theinfluenceofconsumer27.Whattheoriginalpurposeoffreshmenadaptlearning.maintaingraduationrates.prepareforfuture.increaseuniversities’incomefromtuition.toParagraphcollegesmoresupport.studentenrollments.theirquality.meetlocalgovernments’needs.29.Whatdoesthephrase“toaligned”(Line5.Para.6)mostprobablymean?eachothereachbeidenticalwitheachbecontradictorytoeachother.30.TheexaminesthepracticeofAassessingbehindit.listingitseffects6Text3ThisyearmarksexactlysincethepublicationofMaryShelley.Evenbeforeoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthorproducedremarkableworkofspeculativefictionquestionsbycome.growthofartificialintelligence(An)raisesquestions:"Whatisintelligence,identity,orconsciousness?whathumans?Whatisartificialintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitateevadefascinatedbytherobotswouldlook,move,andlikethoseonpopularsci-fiTvseriessuchand"Humans".Justtoocomplexalonereproduced,saysDavidUniversityneuroscientist,"Wearejustinsituationwheretherearegoodtheorieswhatconsciousnessactuallyisandcouldthere.”doesn'tmeancrucialethicalinvolvingAlaren'tuseofautonomousquestions.Humansometimedecisions.Theirreactionscomplexofinstantdrivingexperiences,andwhatandtheminmoment.AIisnotsophisticatedasoftoeverydrivingisaprogrammingdecisionsarebasedonmassesofdata."yougetintoaofethicalquestions,"notesKiatofthathelpingthegovernmentdevelopacodeforethicalofAl.AlongwithSingapore,otherandtoestablishtheirisupaethicsAlstrategyOnJune7GooglepledgedAr"thatwouldcause"overallweaponsorAlforthatAIwhoseorrights.Whilethevague,itstartingdoesthethatdecisionsmadebyAlsystemsshouldexplainable,transparent.andfair.putitanotherway.Howcanwemakesurethinkingofintelligenthumanityhighestvalues?OnlythenwilltheybeusefulservantsandnotFrankensteinmonster.731.MaryShelley’snovelFrankensteinmentionedbecauseAlalloverworldremainedpopularforas200involvesconcernsraisedbyAltodaycontroversies32.InDavidopinion,ourcurrentknowledgeofconsciousnessA.helpsartificialbetorobotmakingpopularsci-fiTVislimitedforusit33.Theissuesbyautonomousvehiclesbefound.isbeyondcapacitycausespubliccuriosityTheauthorsattitudetowardGoogle’spledgesoneofA.AffirmationB.skepticismD.respectWhichfollowingbebesttitleforthetext?Al’sFuture:IntheHandsofTechgiantsNoveltheAgeofATheConscienceButInevitableAIBeKillersoutofControl8Text4tateswillbeabletoforcemorepeoplepaysaleswhentheymakeaCourtThursdaywillwithwalletsbutisbigfinancialforstates.heCourtsopinionoverruledapairofdecisionsstatesofdollarsindecisionsmadeitdifficultforstatessalestaxoncertainonlineThecasesoverturnedthatifbusinessacustomersastatewherethebusinessdidn’thaveaphysicalpresencesuchaswarehousethebusinessdid'ttocollectsalesforstate.Customersresponsibleforpayingthetothestatethemselvesiftheywerenchargedit,butdidnrealizetheyowedpaid.Anthonywrotedecisionswereflawed.EachyearthepresencefurtherremovedfromresultsinsignificantrevenuetoStates."heinopinionjoinedotherwrotethatlimitedstatesabilityseeklong-termandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”herulingavictoryforbigwithapresenceinmanyusuallycollectsalesonpurchasesNow,rivalswillchargingtheybeensalesnationwidehavephysicalstoresinshippeditsofalsosalesineverythatchargesit,thoughwhothedon'thavenow,manysellershavephysicalpresenceinonlyasingleorfewstatesbeentoa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