材料表征：第五講 Application of XRD-examples

ExampleI--AlterationofaggregatesKingston,CanadaXRD物相分析及其應(yīng)用物相分析原理應(yīng)用案例無機(jī)礦物材料高分子材料金屬材料XRDofthesurfaceofSprattlimestone

NaOHKOHLiOHRef.XRDofthesurfaceofPittsburglimestone

ExampleIIHydrotalcites;LayeredDoubleHydroxides(LDH)OH-OH-CO32-

H2O

M(II),M(III) StructureLDHBasedonthestructureofBrucite(Mg(OH)2)SubstitutionofMg(II)bytrivalentcationsofsimilarsizeFormationofpositivemetalliclayers(brucitelayers)ExcessofpositivechargesareneutralizedbyinterlayeranionsWaterofcrystallizationisfoundbetweenthelayersGeneralFormulaofaLDH[M2+(1-x)M3+x(OH)2][An-]x/n?zH2OM2+=Mg2+,Zn2+,Ni2+,etc.M3+=Al3+,Ga3+,Co3+,etc.0.17<x<0.335:1>M2+:M3+>2:1An-=CO32-,Cl-,NO3-,phenylphosphonate,benzoate,POManions(i.e.H2W12O406-)UsesandPossibleApplicationsofLDHAdsorbents,

catalysts,catalystprecursors1,2

anionicexchangers3

electrochemistry4

MaterialforthepositiveelectrodeinNi-Cd,NiMHbatteriesMicroporousandmesoporousmaterials5Separationmembraneshavinghightemperaturestability1)Cavani,F.;Trifiro,F.;Vaccari,A.Catal.Today

1991,11,173-301.2)KruissinkE.C.;VanReijenL.L.J.Chem.Soc.FaradayTrans.

1981,77,649-663.3)Meyn,M.;Beneke,K.;Lagaly,G.Inorg.Chem.

1990,29,5201-5207.4)Caravaggio,A.G.;Detellier,C.;Wronski,Z.S.J.Mater.Chem.

2001,11,912-921. 5)Nijs,H.;DeBock,M.;Vansant,E.F.Micropor.Mesopor.Mater.,1999,30(2-3),243-253.LDHmaterials,andintercalationa)SynthesisoftheLDHsCo-precipitationtypicallyZn:Al:ratio:2:1,3:1,4:1b)LDHintercalationcompounds(PPAforexample)LDHisaddedtoa0.1Msolutionofphenylphosphonicacid(PPA)solutionHeatedfor48hrsat70°C Mixtureisfiltered,rinsedanddriedfor18hrsat70°CWang,J.D.;Tian,Y.;Wang,R.C.;Clearfield,A.Chem.Mater.

1992,4,1276-1282.PowderXRDFromtheXRDpatternwecandeterminetheinterlayerspacingofthematerial(00lline)AnincreaseintheinterlayerspacingindicatesasuccessfulreactionInterlayerSpacingoftheMaterialsdspacingsimilartopurezirconiumphenylphosphonates(ca14.7?)IncreaseindspacingconfirmssuccessfulreactionAlberti,G.;Costantino,U.J.Inorg.Nucl.Chem.

1978,40,1113-1117.ExampleIII

Organo-ClayanditscompositesIntercalatedunitmustdisruptthenetworkofH-bondsthen,replacementreactionsinterlamellarcovalentgraftingoforganicgroups1.X射線的定義、性質(zhì)。連續(xù)X射線和特征X射線的產(chǎn)生、特點(diǎn)。2.X射線與物質(zhì)的相互作用。信號(hào)種類及應(yīng)用。3.X射線衍射原理。布拉格方程的物理意義。4.試推導(dǎo)Bra