外研版（2019）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時練習(xí)33：選擇性必修3 Unit 3　War and peace(含解析)

課時質(zhì)量評價(三十三)選擇性必修第三冊Unit3WarandpeaceA組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語法填空AThestorytellsofawomanwhoduringthewarwenttolivewithherhusbandincampontheMojaveDesert.She1.________(simple)hatedtheplace.Theheatwasalmost2.________(bearable),125degreesintheshade.Thewind3.________(blow)continually,andtherewassandeverywhere.Atthebeginning,shejusttolerateditandexpectedtoleaveasearlyaspossible.Finally,indesperationshewrotetoherparentsinOhiothatshecouldn'tstand4.________(live)thereforanotherminuteandwascominghome.Quicklycamethereplybyairmailfromherfather—justthetwofamiliarlines:“Twomenlookedoutfromprisonbars...onemansawthemud,while5.________othermansawstars.”Thedaughterdidsomerealthinking,notonlywiththeintelligencebutalsowithherheart.Shedecided6.________(stick)toherpost.Making7.________(friend)withthenatives,shelearnedtolovethecountry,andeventuallywroteabook8.________wasbasedonherexperiencesinthecountry.Thedesertdidn'tchange,9.________herattitudechanged.Becauseshelistenedwithherheart10.________thewordsherfathersent,awholenewworldopeneduptoher.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在戰(zhàn)爭期間一個女人和她的丈夫一起住在莫哈韋沙漠的營地里的故事。1.simply考查副詞。設(shè)空處修飾動詞hated，應(yīng)用副詞形式，所以填simply。2.unbearable考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文句子中的“hatedtheplace”和后面的“125degrees”可知，這里的溫度令人難以忍受。設(shè)空處作be動詞后的表語，用形容詞，所以填unbearable。3.blew考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文的語境可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用一般過去時，表示動作發(fā)生在過去，所以填blew。4.living考查固定搭配。can't/couldn'tstanddoingsth.“不能忍受做某事”，是固定搭配，所以填living。5.the考查冠詞。由于上文提到了“twomen”，所以此處指“兩者中的另一個”，應(yīng)用theother表示，故填the。6.tostick考查固定搭配。decidetodosth.“決定做某事”，是固定搭配，所以填tostick。7.friends考查固定搭配。makefriends“交朋友”，是固定搭配，所以填friends。8.that/which考查定語從句。此處用關(guān)系代詞that或which指代先行詞abook，并在定語從句中作主語，所以填that/which。9.but考查連詞。沙漠沒有改變，但是她的態(tài)度改變了，此處用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折。10.to考查固定搭配。listento“聽從”，是固定搭配，所以填to。BJingdezhenporcelain(瓷器)isChineseporcelainproducedinornearJingdezheninsouthernChina.Jingdezhenhasproducedporcelain1.________(century)ago.Andthetown2.________wasnamedJingdezhenbyEmperorZhenzongoftheNorthernSongDynastybecameamajorkiln(窯)sitearound1004.Duringtheperiod,the3.________(produce)ofporcelaininthisareafirstbecame4.________(know).Bythe14thcenturyithadbecomethelargestcentreofproducingChineseporcelain,whichremainedinthefollowingtimes.IntheMingDynasty,officialkilnsinJingdezhen5.________(control)bytheemperor,makingqualityporcelaininlargequantitiesfortheemperortogiveabroadasgifts.Asaresult,thetownwas6.________(close)linkedtotheworld.Althoughbeingaremotetowninahillyarea,Jingdezhenisnearthequalityporcelainstoneandforestswhichcanprovideplentyofwoodforthekilns.Italsohas7.________riverflowingfromnorthtosouth,8.________(benefit)thetransportofthefragileobjects.Jingdezhenhasproducedagreatvarietyof9.________(value)porcelain.Asaresult,thetownisfamous10.________the“PorcelainCapital”.Onetypeofitswell-knownhighqualityporcelainistheblueandwhiteporcelainfromthe1330s.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了景德鎮(zhèn)的歷史和景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器的生產(chǎn)、地理位置及產(chǎn)品等信息。1.centuries考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句意“景德鎮(zhèn)在數(shù)個世紀(jì)以前就開始生產(chǎn)瓷器了”可知，此處應(yīng)該填復(fù)數(shù)centuries。故填centuries。2.which/that考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的主干是“thetownbecameamajorkiln(窯)sitearound1004”。thetown指物，作先行詞，在定語從句中作主語，后接which或that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句，故填which/duction考查名詞。根據(jù)本空前的the可知用名詞。故填production。4.known考查過去分詞。此處是“變得被知道，變得知名起來”的意思，故填known。5.werecontrolled考查被動語態(tài)。control“控制”，而官窯不可能自己控制自己，只能由另外的人，比如此處的皇帝控制。與主語officialkilns一致，故填werecontrolled。6.closely考查副詞。close“緊密的，靠近的”，修飾動詞時要用其副詞形式作狀語，故填closely。7.a考查不定冠詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，本段講述的是景德鎮(zhèn)的地理位置優(yōu)越，它還有一條河流從北邊流向南邊。此處表示泛指，且river以輔音音素開頭，故填a。8.benefiting考查現(xiàn)在分詞。主語和動詞benefit之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，故填benefiting。9.valuable考查形容詞。此處用形容詞作定語修飾名詞porcelain，故填valuable。10.as考查介詞。befamousas...表示“作為……出名”，為固定搭配。故填as。Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1.東南部雨量充足，而東北部則很少下雨。(while)There'splentyofraininthesoutheast,whilethere'slittleraininthenortheast.2.有如此多的人來幫助他，他一定會成功的。(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))Somanypeopletohelphim,heissuretosucceed.3.在他這個榜樣的帶動下，成百上千的人都加入到了我們的工作。(過去分詞短語作狀語)Inspiredbyhisexample,hundredsofpeoplevolunteeredtojoinus.4.難怪孩子們很興奮，這是他們第一次出國。(主語從句)It'snowonderthatthechildrenareexcited—thisisthefirsttimethey'vebeenabroad.5.莎拉趕到了機(jī)場，正好及時趕上了今天早上的飛機(jī)。(makeit)Sarahmadeittotheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.B組·能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解Asweallknow,thewarisanancientcustomwhichhasexistedforatleastsixthousandyears.Itwasalwaysevilandusuallyfoolish,butinthepastthehumanracemanagedtolivewithit.Modernskillhaschangedthis.Eithermanwillstopwar,orwarwillstopman.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweaponsthatcausethegreatestdanger,butbacteriological(細(xì)菌學(xué)的)orchemicalweaponsmay,beforelong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Isitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar?Ifwesucceededinstoppingwar,therewouldbenodangerforus.Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalquestionsinanewway,notbycontestsofforce,inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskillfulinmassacre(大屠殺),butbyarbitration(仲裁)inaccordancewithagreedprinciplesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeoldmentalhabits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.Therearethosewhosaythattheadoptionofthisorthatideology(意識形態(tài))wouldpreventwar.Ibelievethistobeacompleteerror.Allideologiesarebaseduponbeliefswithoutproofwhichare,atleast,doubtful,andatworst,totallyfalse.Thosepeoplewhobelievethemarewillingtogotowarinsupportofthem.Themovementofworldopinionduringthepasttwoyearshaschangedverylargelysuchaswecanwelcome.Ithasbecomeacommonbeliefthatnuclearwarmustbeavoided.Ofcourse,verydifficultproblemsremainintheinternationalworld,butthespiritinwhichtheyarebeingapproachedisabetteronethanitwassomeyearsago.Ithasbeguntobethought,evenbythepowerfulmenwhodecidewhetherweshallliveordie,thatagreementsshouldbereachedevenifbothsidesdonotfindtheseagreementswhollysatisfactory.IthasbeguntobeunderstoodthattheimportantconflictnowadaysisnotbetweenEastandWest,butbetweenManandtheHi-techbomb.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Wemayfacegreaterthreatfromweapons.B.Nuclearweaponsareworstofall.C.Man'sideaofvictoryhaschanged.D.Dangerousweaponsareforbiddennowadays.2.Theauthorofthepassagebelievethat________．A.itisimpossibletolivewithoutwarB.differencesbetweenEastandWestwillleadtowarC.warwillbestoppedbymodernskillD.warmustbestoppedifmanwantstosurvive3.Whichistheonlywaytostopwaraccordingtotheauthor?A.Tostopnuclearweapons.B.Tosettleinternationalissuesthroughagreements.C.Todestroybacteriologicalandchemicalweapons.D.Toletthestrongersidetakeovertheworld.4.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.nuclearwarwilldefinitelynottakeplaceB.realagreementshavebeenreachednowC.worldopinionisstilldividedonnuclearwarD.manisbeginningtorealisethatnuclearwaristhegreatestenemy【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。人類面臨核生化武器的威脅，開始意識到核戰(zhàn)爭是人類最大的敵人。因此，人類解決爭端的思維模式已經(jīng)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，不是靠武力，而是靠協(xié)商解決。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Forthepresent,itisnuclearweaponsthatcausethegreatestdanger,butbacteriological(細(xì)菌學(xué)的)orchemicalweaponsmay”可知，未來生化武器可能給人類帶來更大的威脅，故A項正確。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ifwesucceededinstoppingwar,therewouldbenodangerforus.”可知，人類面臨核生化武器的威脅，只有避免戰(zhàn)爭才能消除武器對人類的威脅，也就是人類要想生存必須避免戰(zhàn)爭，故D項正確。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalquestionsinanewway,notbycontestsofforce,inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskillfulinmassacre(大屠殺),butbyarbitration(仲裁)inaccordancewithagreedprinciplesoflaw.”可知，要想避免戰(zhàn)爭，人類要摒棄通過武力解決問題的方法，而要按照法律原則進(jìn)行仲裁，也就是通過協(xié)議來解決國際問題，故B項正確。4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“IthasbeguntobeunderstoodthattheimportantconflictnowadaysisnotbetweenEastandWest,butbetweenManandtheHi-techbomb.”可知，人類開始認(rèn)識到最大的沖突不是來自東西方，而是來自人類與高科技武器，也就是人類意識到核戰(zhàn)爭才是人類最大的敵人，故D項正確。Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·山東師大附中4月模擬)WhenIenteredBerkeley,Ihopedtoearnascholarship.HavingbeenastraightAstudent,IbelievedIcould1toughsubjectsandreallylearnsomething.OnesuchcoursewasWorldLiteraturegivenbyProfessorJayne.Iwasextremelyinterestedintheideashe2inclass.WhenItookthefirstexamofthissubject,Iwas3tofinda77,Cplus,onmytestpaper.IwenttoProfessorJayne,wholistenedtomyargumentsbutremained4.Idecidedtotryharder,andIreadthebooksmorecarefully,butgotanother77again.I5withProfessorJayne.Again,helistenedpatientlybutwouldn'tchangehis6．Onemoretestbeforethefinalexam,onemorechancetoimprovemygrade.SoIredoubledmyeffortand,forthefirsttime7themeaningoftheword“thorough”.Butmyeffortswerenogoodandeverything8asbefore.Thelasthurdle(難關(guān))wasthefinalexam.Nomatterwhat9Igot,itwouldn'tcancelthreeCpluses.Imightaswellkissthe10goodbye.Istoppedworkinghard.IfeltIknewthecoursematerialaswellasIeverwould.Thenightbeforethefinalexam,Ieven11myselftoamovie.ThenextdayIdecidedforonceI'dhave12withatest.Aweeklater,IwassurprisedtofindIgotanA.IhurriedintoProfessorJayne'soffice.He13tobeexpectingme.“IfIgaveyoutheAsyou14，youwouldn'tcontinuetoworkhard.”Istaredathim15thathisanalysisandstrategy(策略)werecorrect.Iwasspeechlesswhenmycoursegradearrived:Aplus.ThenextyearIreceivedmyscholarship.IalwaysrememberedprofessorJayne'slesson:youalonemustsetyourownstandardofexcellence.1.A.take B.discuss C.cover D.get2.A.sought B.presented C.exchanged D.obtained3.A.shocked B.worried C.scared D.anxious4.A.unchanged B.unpleasant C.unfriendly D.unmoved5.A.quarrelled B.reasoned C.bargained D.chatted6.A.attitude B.mind C.plan D.view7.A.memorised B.considered C.accepted D.learned8.A.stayed B.went C.worked D.changed9.A.grade B.answer C.lesson D.comment10.A.scholarship B.course C.degree D.subject11.A.helped B.favoured C.treated D.relaxed12.A.fun B.luck C.problems D.tricks13.A.happened B.proved C.pretended D.seemed14.A.valued B.imagined C.expected D.welcomed15.A.remembering B.guessing C.supposing D.realising【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過敘述自己在Jayne教授所教的科目下，努力爭取A＋并最終獲得獎學(xué)金的故事告訴我們：我們需要自己設(shè)定優(yōu)秀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1.A根據(jù)下文中的“subjects”可推斷，此處表示可以選修較難的科目。2.B根據(jù)下文中的“inclass”和上文中的“theideas”可推斷，此處指的是老師在課堂上所提出的觀點(diǎn)，是作者非常感興趣的，因此作者選修了這門課程。3.A第一段講作者對自己信心滿滿，第二段提到第一次考試后，作者意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己竟然只得了77分，所以非常吃驚。4.D根據(jù)上文中的“but”和下文內(nèi)容可知，教授不為所動，沒有改變給我的分?jǐn)?shù)。5.B作者再次得了77分，于是再次去找教授理論。reasonwithsb.“與某人講道理”。6.B句意：他又一次耐心地聽著，但不愿改變自己的主意。7.D作者第一次學(xué)到什么叫“徹底”了。8.B根據(jù)上文“myeffortswerenogood”可知，作者的努力沒有用，跟以前一樣，沒有改變。9.A根據(jù)下文“threeCpluses”可知此處指的是成績。10.A根據(jù)第一段中的“toearnascholarship”和最后一段中的“Ireceivedmyscholarship”可知，這里是指作者以為自己拿不到獎學(xué)金了。11.C句意：在期末考試的前一天晚上，我甚至請自己去看了電影。treatsb.tosth.意為“用……招待；以……款待”。12.A根據(jù)上文考前請自己看電影可知，作者決定把考試當(dāng)作一種樂趣。13.D根據(jù)語境可知，一周后，作者驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己居然得了A，就跑去找教授，發(fā)現(xiàn)教授好像正在等他來。14.C根據(jù)下文“youwouldn'tcontinuetoworkhard”并結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，教授的想法是如果自己一開始就給了作者所期望的成績A，作者就不會這么努力付出了。15.D下文“hisanalysisandstrategy(策略)werecorrect”是作者意識到的東西。此處表示作者盯著教授，這時才真正明白了教授的用心。Ⅲ.概要寫作(2020·浙江省“五校聯(lián)考”)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Thesedaysoursocietydevelopsrapidlyandpeopletendtorush.Itappearsthatpeoplehavegotusedtobeinginahurry.However,it'sbetterforpeopletotaketheirtimeandlivetheirlifeataslowerpacethantohurrytogetthingsdone.Themainreasonthatconvincesustobeagainstdoingworkinahurryisthepossibilityofdoingwronginarush.Whenpeopledotheirjobsortakeactioninahurry,theycan'tmakeasounddecisionandprobablyregretlater.Asthesayinggoes,“Hastemakeswaste.”Weshouldthinkcarefullybeforemakingadecisionanddoourworklessquickly.Weshouldnotmakemistakesbydoingworkhurriedly.Slowingdownthepaceoflifehelpspeopleenjoytheirlifebetter.Forexample,takingatraintosomeplacecertainlywilltakemoretimethantakingaplane.However,itallowspeopletofullyenjoythebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.Onthecontrary,beinginahurrywillmakeuslosechancesofenjoyingourlives.Finally,slowerlifepaceprovidesbetterhealthconditionforus.Asisknowntoall,takingactioninahurrybotherspeopleandraisestheirstress.Peoplethinkiftheyarenotinahurry,theywillbecomealoserandthatannoysthem.Butbeinginahurrycanhurtpeoplebothphysicallyandmentally(精神上地).Accordingtoso