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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東政法學院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thetownisfamousforitsmagnificenttowerbythesideoftheriver.

問題1選項

A.ancient

B.splendid

C.contemporary

D.delicate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項ancient“古代的,古老的”;B選項splendid“輝煌的,極好的”;C選項contemporary“當代的,同齡的”;D選項delicate“精美的,雅致的”。句意:這個城鎮(zhèn)以河邊的宏偉塔而聞名。根據(jù)句意,可以看出與“宏偉的”最接近應該是B選項,因此B選項符合題意。

2.單選題

InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha_______character.

問題1選項

A.gracious

B.suspicious

C.unique

D.particular

【答案】B

【解析】gracious有禮貌的,寬厚的;suspicious多疑的,可疑的;unique獨一無二的,唯一的;particular特別的,獨有的。句意:我從不相信他,因為我一直認為他是個多疑的人。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe(

)ofhumanrace?

問題1選項

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項offspring“后代,子孫”;B選項successor“繼承者”;C選項breeder“飼養(yǎng)員,繁殖者”;D選項predecessor“前身,祖先”。句意:你同意猴子是人類祖先的說法嗎?選項D符合句意。

4.單選題

Youcanimprovethequalityofyoureverydaylifebybuilding(

),whichwillhelpyouadapttostressandbouncebackfromlife'smostdifficulttimes.

問題1選項

A.consistence

B.competence

C.resistance

D.resilience

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。consistence意為“濃度,堅固性”;competence意為“能力”;resistance意為“抵抗”;resilience意為“彈力,快速恢復,適應力”。

句意:你可以提高你日常生活的質(zhì)量通過培養(yǎng)適應力,這將幫助你適應壓力并從生活中最艱難的時刻恢復過來。

5.單選題

Theseexcursionswillgiveyouanevendeeper()intoourlanguageandculture.

問題1選項

A.inquiry

B.investigation

C.input

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。inquiry詢問,調(diào)查;investigation調(diào)查,研究;input輸入,投入;insight深入了解,深刻見解。句意:這次短途旅行會使你對我們的語言和文化有更加深入的

。因此D選項符合句意。

6.單選題

Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?

Exxon’sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld’smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:ifmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat’sitsstrategy?

ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany’sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.

Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對流層的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.

WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.

1.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange?

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“bogus”(inParagraph4)?

3.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow().

4.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon().

5.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon().

問題1選項

A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.t

B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.t

C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobaleconomy.t

D.Protectingthescientificdiscoveriesfrombeingmisused.t

問題2選項

A.Reasonable.t

B.Fake.t

C.Limitless.t

D.Inconsistent.t

問題3選項

A.howcloselytheseorganizationsworkwithscientistst

B.howtheseorganizationsselectscientificfindingsfortheirownpurposet

C.howimportantcorrectdataareforscientiststomakesounddiscoveriest

D.howoneman’smistakemaysetbacktheprogressofsciencet

問題4選項

A.haveliveduptotheirpromisest

B.havealmostcausedworldwidechaost

C.havefailedtoachievetheiroriginalgoalt

D.havemisunderstoodtherequestofthesponsort

問題5選項

A.Exxon’sinvolvementinscientificscandalst

B.Exxon’scontributionstotheissueofclimatechanget

C.Exxon’sroleindelayingsolutionstoglobalwarmingt

D.Exxon’seffortstopromotemorescientificdiscoveries

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“以下哪項是這些組織在確定其對氣候變化的立場時沒有做過的?”。文章的第三段提到Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.(這些組織在氣候變化問題上的立場是一致的:科學是矛盾的,科學家是分裂的,環(huán)保主義者是騙子或瘋子,如果政府采取行動阻止全球變暖,他們將在沒有充分理由的情況下危害全球經(jīng)濟),由此可知A項“破壞環(huán)保主義者的聲譽”、B項“強調(diào)科學家之間缺乏共識”和C項“強調(diào)對全球經(jīng)濟的不必要傷害”都屬于這些組織在確定其對氣候變化的立場時的說辭,只有D項“保護科學發(fā)現(xiàn)不被濫用”沒有提及。因此,該題選擇D項正確。

第2題:語義推測題。題干意思是“下列哪項在意思上最接近第四段的‘bogus’?”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.(這并不是說這些團體支持的所有科學都是bogus)可知,這句話是上文的承接句,上文最后一句話指出Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.(這些商業(yè)組織不喜歡的研究結果被貼上了“垃圾科學”的標簽,他們歡迎的發(fā)現(xiàn)被貼上了“可靠科學”的標簽),后文又提到Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.(總的來說,他們使用的是選擇,而不是發(fā)明),由此可推測并不是這些組織支持的所有的科學都是假的,故B項“虛假的”符合題意。A項“合理的”、C項“無限制的”和D項“不一致的”都不與bogus的含義相近。因此,該題選擇B項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“提到克里斯蒂是為了表示……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段,第二句和第三句指出Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對流層的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.(總的來說,他們使用的是選擇,而不是發(fā)明;他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個相互矛盾的研究,比如對流層冷卻的發(fā)現(xiàn),并堅持不懈地挖掘它),由此推斷,后文引用克里斯蒂的例子是為了說明這些組織出于自己的目的選擇科學研究課題,故B項“這些組織如何為他們自己的目的選擇科學發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。A項“這些組織與科學家的合作有多密切”,內(nèi)容不符合原文;C項“正確的數(shù)據(jù)對于科學家做出可靠的發(fā)現(xiàn)是多么重要”和D項“一個人的錯誤可能會阻礙科學的進步”文章沒有提及。因此,該題選擇B項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“由??松澲慕M織……”。文章最后一句話提到Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.(在本應舉行緊急國際談判的七八年關鍵時期,通過主導媒體有關氣候變化的辯論,通過不斷播撒對科學的懷疑,就像它應該是最有說服力的一樣,他們已經(jīng)證明了贊助商在他們身上花費的金錢是合理的),由此可推斷,??松澲慕M織最終還是兌現(xiàn)了他們的承諾,和公司在應對氣候變化問題上處于一致的立場,故A項“履行了他們諾言”符合題意。B項“幾乎引起了世界范圍的混亂”和D項“誤解了主辦者的要求”沒有提到;C項“沒有達到他們原來的目標”,內(nèi)容與原文不符。因此,該題選擇A項正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要關于……”。本文主要講在應對全球變暖等環(huán)境問題上,大公司??松龅囊磺写胧﹣砭S護自身經(jīng)濟利益。文章第一段提到Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?(多年來,一個由公民團體和科學機構組成的網(wǎng)絡一直聲稱全球變暖的科學是不確定的,但是誰資助的呢?)和文章最后一段提到WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates…(雖然他們這一招在美國是最有效的……),由此可以推斷,埃克森美孚公司在解決全球變暖的問題上發(fā)揮了作用,故C項“??松谕涎尤蜃兣鉀Q方案方面的作用”符合題意。A項“??松砣肟茖W丑聞”和D項“??松苿痈嗫茖W發(fā)現(xiàn)的努力”文中沒有提到;B項“??松瓕夂蜃兓瘑栴}的貢獻”,文章第二段指出Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.(為了保護自己的利潤,??松梨谛枰⒉岩?,是否需要對氣候變化采取嚴格的行動),由此可知,??松梨跒榱吮Wo自己的利益,而散播謠言阻止氣候變化措施的實行,B項錯誤。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

7.單選題

Sinceyouareastudent,youmust()bytheschooldiscipline.

問題1選項

A.conform

B.stand

C.abide

D.sustain

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。conform“符合,遵守”,一般和介詞to或with搭配;stand“站立”,后接介詞by意為“袖手旁觀”;abide“容忍,遵守”,后接介詞by意為“遵守,信守,承擔……的后果”;sustain“維持,支撐”,是及物動詞。句中所表達的意思是學生要遵守學校的紀律,所以選項C正確。

8.單選題

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butonepopularformcontinuestothrive:thatisalphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatthecarsofataxifirmcalledAAAAhaveabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomerslookthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentsandvice-presidentshavesurnamesstartingwithBandCseparatelyand26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffet,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.SoshortsightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisseldomaskedtheimprovingquestionsbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendeesalltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

11.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

12.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

13.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat_____.

14.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ’’?

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

B.Akindofoverlookedinequality.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

問題2選項

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareimportanttosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

D.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

問題3選項

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

D.teachersshouldpayequalattentiontoalltheirstudents

問題4選項

A.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

B.Theyaregettingimpatient.

C.Theyfeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

問題5選項

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo.

C.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalunfairness.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】11.推理判斷題,定位到文章一二句也是文章的中心句Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butonepopularformcontinuestothrive:thatisalphabetism.“在過去的一個世紀里,各種不公平和歧視都受到譴責或被定為非法。但有一種流行的形式仍在蓬勃發(fā)展,那就是字母排序”這是文章的主旨句,說的是雖然這個社會反對歧視但是有種歧視卻被人忽略了,那就是字母順序歧視。第二段主要是舉例說明這種歧視,所以答案選B“一種被忽視的不平等”;

A選項“一種明顯的偏見”,文章沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

C選項“一種個人偏見”,文章沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

D選項“一種品牌歧視”,文章沒有提到,屬于無中生有。

12.主旨大意題,分析文章前三段的行文結構,文章是總分結構,第一段提出生活中有種歧視被我們忽視了,那就是“字母順序歧視”這一觀點,第二三段都是在舉例,說明這種現(xiàn)象不是憑空捏造而是真實存在著的,所以答案選C選項“某種形式的歧視太微妙而無法識別”;

A選項“在東方和西方,名字對成功都很重要”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

B選項“ZoeZysman的失敗要歸咎于字母表”定位到第二段第二句LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.(不太為人所知的是,亞當?阿伯特(AdamAbbot)在生活中比佐伊?茲斯曼(ZoeZysman)有優(yōu)勢)從這里可以看出名字的字母順序只是讓排在名字字母前面的人比排在后面的人有優(yōu)勢而已,不能把叫ZoeZysman的人的失敗全部歸結于字母,這里屬于理解過度;

D選項“顧客經(jīng)常很注意公司的名字”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

13.推理判斷題,第一步,尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第四段第一句Canthismerelybecoincidence?“這僅僅是巧合嗎?”,從這個反問句就可以看出作者認為名字字母靠后的學生難以獲得成就并非巧合,第二步,尋找上下文線索,第四段描述的是一個作者的推想,就是那些字母排在后面的人小時候因為老師為了省事所以按照名字字母順序被排在了后面,結果因為老師的忽略沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)某些名字字母排后面的學生有近視,坐后面就導致每次問問題也輪不到他,所以他錯過了很多成長的機會,然而還覺得幸好沒有叫到我,從這里就可以知道作者其實是通過擺事實的手法來建議教師不應該這么簡單粗暴地通過名字字母來排座位,應該一視同仁,所以D選項“教師應該對所有的學生給予同等的關注”正確;

A選項“問題經(jīng)常被問給更聰明的學生”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

B選項“字母順序不好的學生經(jīng)常逃課”文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

C選項“學生應根據(jù)自己的視力選擇座位”,文章講述這件事情是希望老師最好不要因為方便自己記憶而按照字母順序排座位,而是希望按照學生的實際情況來排座位,也就是希望老師多多關注學生,而不是讓學生自己排座位,所以C選項錯誤,屬于張冠李戴。

14.判斷推理題,定位到第五段第二句話Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.“在大學畢業(yè)典禮上,ABC是名字首字母的學生自豪地第一個獲獎;當輪到Zysmans同學的時候,()。”文章前面連接的信息是名字以ABC字母開頭的人很早就拿到首先就很驕傲的拿到了自己的畢業(yè)證,但是名字是Zysmans的人可能因為等待的時間太久了已經(jīng)睡著了,所以答案選A選項“他們鼾聲大作”;

B選項“他們開始不耐煩了”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

C選項“他們感到羞辱”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項“他們忙于字謎”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

15.判斷推理題,由文章第四段可知老師會按照字母順序排位置,沒有人會覺得不合理,但是在不知不覺中對那些字母順序在后面的人造成了一種危害,所以答案選D。

A選項定位到第二段第二句LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.(不太為人所知的是,亞當?阿伯特(AdamAbbot)在生活中比佐伊?茲斯曼(ZoeZysman)有優(yōu)勢)從這里可知名字字母排前面的人只是相對排后面的人有優(yōu)勢,并沒有說到名字字母排后面的人受到了不好的對待,A選項屬于無中生有;

文章沒有提到該怎么糾正這種鮮為人知的歧視,所以也無從知道糾正這件事是不是任重道遠,屬于無中生有,所以B選項不選;

C選項定位到文章第三段,文章第三段只是說西方重要人士的字母排在前面以此來佐證字母歧視是存在的,但是沒有說這些人因為名字字母順序排在前面得到了多少優(yōu)勢,所以C選項屬于過度解讀。

9.單選題

Massproductionis()onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.

問題1選項

A.vulnerable

B.invaluable

C.feasible

D.compatible

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。vulnerable易受攻擊的;invaluable無價的;feasible可行的;compatible兼容的。句意:大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)只有在技術高度發(fā)達的經(jīng)濟中才可行。選項C符合句意。

10.單選題

Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketwhich

A

B

C

dealersinbills,notesandotherformsofshort-termcreditcanbuyandsell.

D

問題1選項

A.ofitsown

B.somekind

C.which

D.short-termcredit

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞搭配。原句應為dealerscanbuyandsellin,需要將介詞in提前,由“in+which”引導定語從句。

試題答案:C;inwhich

11.單選題

The(

)isnearlydead,soIcannotstartthecaragain.

問題1選項

A.bean

B.beam

C.brake

D.battery

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。bean“豆;毫無價值的東西”;beam“橫梁,光線,電波”;bake“烤,烘烤食品”;battery“電池,蓄電池”。句意:電池沒電了,所以我不能啟動車。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Whilehewasbuildinghisarmyby()newlocalforces,heconsistentlyfollowedthepracticeoftakingoverthesecorpsintactwiththeircommandersandindoctrinatingtheseleaderstoensuretheirallegiancetohimselfandhisownarmy.

問題1選項

A.incorporating

B.havingbeenincorporated

C.incorporated

D.beingincorporated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。incorporate“合并,吸收”。incorporate這個動作是直接由句子的主語“he”來執(zhí)行的,所以介詞by后面直接跟動詞的進行時。句意:當他通過……新的地方部隊來建立他的軍隊時,他一直遵循這樣的做法,即完整地接管這些部隊和他們的指揮官,并灌輸這些領導人以確保他們效忠于他自己和他自己的軍隊。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI().

問題1選項

A.hadto

B.would

C.must

D.shouldhave

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。D選項這種結構shouldhavedone,這里用了省略,表示過去應該做,但卻沒有做的事情。句意為:我上周沒有把申請表發(fā)出去,但我應該發(fā)出去的。D選項正確。

14.單選題

TheManchushadeffectedacoalitionwiththeChinesegentryclasswhichsecuredthepositionsofbothparties.Thegentryweresetapartfromthecommonersandgiven()careerprivilegesinthegovernmentbureaucracy.

問題1選項

A.inclusive

B.special

C.exclusive

D.especial

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項inclusive“包含的”;B選項special“專用的,專門的”;C選項exclusive“獨有的,專有的”;D選項especial“特別的,尤其的”。根據(jù)前文貴族人與普通平民區(qū)分開來,可推測后文應該是賦予貴族獨有的地位,exclusive含有“排他”之意,故答案選項為C。

15.單選題

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14lhcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery,itwasn’tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplaytheirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey(

).

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

).

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof(

).

問題1選項

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

問題2選項

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

問題3選項

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干“Gypsiesareunitedonlywhen”提供了重要信息,表明吉普賽人平時是并不會聯(lián)合在一起,是個分散的民族。第一段倒數(shù)第三句中說到“onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies只有在面對來自非吉普賽人的敵意時才真正團結起來”,由此可知使吉普賽人團結起來的是外人的敵意。因此D選項“面對外部威脅”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。本題需要從歐洲對吉普賽人的種種迫害行為中作排除法。第二段提到“withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism教會在他們的算命中看到異端邪說,國家在他們的游牧中看到反社會行為”以及“InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria在更近的時期,吉普賽人陷入了納粹種族狂熱中”。因此教會、國家和納粹都對吉普賽人進行了迫害,A選項“埃及人”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。本題需要找出吉普賽人與猶太人的區(qū)別。最后一段最后兩居中說到了兩個種族的比較“WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.除了極少數(shù)的例外,吉普賽人并沒有表現(xiàn)出想要一個國家成為自己國家的強烈愿望——不像猶太人,吉普賽人的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)常被拿來與猶太人作比較。”可知吉普賽人與猶太人的最大區(qū)別在于建立國家的愿望是否強烈,吉普賽人對自己身份的認同性不如猶太人高。C選項正確。

16.填空題

Aschildrenwestart(1)anaturalcuriosityabouteverythingaroundus,andduringthematurationprocessthiscuriositycanbestimulated,bufferedorseverelyattenuatedbyourenvironmentandexperience.Thefuturesuccessofresearchinscienceandengineeringdepends(2)oursocietyrecognizingthecrucialroleplayedbystimulationofmentalprocessesearlyinlife.Patternrecognition,analyticalthinkingandsimilarabilitiesneedtobestimulatedfrombirthonward.Todestroythisnaturalcuriosityortoattenuatethejoyofdiscoveryisthegreatestdisservicewedo(3)thedevelopingperson.

Forthosewhoreachmaturitywiththeirnaturalcuriosityintactandenhancedbyeducation,thejoyofdiscoveryisastrongdriverofsuccess.Butwhyareso(4)ofourcapablestudentspursuingthelevelofeducationrequiredforasuccessfulresearchcareer?Isit(5)wehavedampenedtheircuriosity?Havewefailedtoletthemexperiencethejoyofdiscovery?Isitbecausethemediasometimesportraysscientistsandengineers(6)nerds?Isitbecausetoomanyofuscurrentlyinvolved(7)theresearchenterprisehavebecomedisenchantedwithourcircumstancesandthereforepaintableakfutureforpotentialscientistsandengineers?Perhapsentirelydifferentfactorsare(8)playinthedecisiontonotbecomescientistsandengineers.

Wehavetoofrequentlyportrayedscienceandengineeringasprofessionsthatareall-encompassing.Wehaveportrayedresearchasaprofessionthatrequireslongandgruelinghoursinthelaboratorytoachievesuccess.Wehave(9)topromotetheexcitementandexhilarationofdiscovery.Wehavenotpromotedthefactthatitisnotonlyverycommon(10)veryreasonabletohaveasuccessfulresearchcareerandanexcitingandnormalpersonallife.

【答案】1.with

2.on

3.to

4.few

5.because

6.as

7.in

8.at

9.failed

10.but

【解析】1.start后面需要加介詞with才能接名詞。startwith“從……開始”

2.dependonsth.是固定用法,意思是“取決于”。

3.句意:去摧毀這種天性或者去打擊這種發(fā)現(xiàn)的喜悅是我們對處于正在發(fā)展中的人做出的最大的傷害。填介詞to

4.根據(jù)句意和of結構,空格處可填寫的詞是many或者few,由轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可以得出空格處的意思與前文有轉(zhuǎn)折關系,前文提到既然thejoyofdiscovery是成功強有力的推動力,接下來出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折,所以此處應該填few.

5.前一句有why提出的疑問,這一句是對前一句的回答,所以填原因。

6.portrayas“描繪成……”

7.involvein“涉及,參與”。

8.atplay“在……中起到了作用”

9.空格處所在的句子與后面的句子wehavenotpromotedthatfact…表達的是同鄉(xiāng)的意思,所以空格處應該填與not對應的否定詞。failtodosth.“做某事失敗”。

10.notonly…but(also)“不僅……而且……”

17.單選題

Thisisafarfrom()book—itisarichmixofpleasuresandinformation,andisfullofsurprises.

問題1選項

A.solemn

B.solid

C.solitary

D.sophisticated

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。solemn“莊嚴的,嚴肅的”;solid“固體的,可靠的”;solitary“孤獨的,獨居的”;sophisticated“復雜的,久經(jīng)世故的”。句意:這完全不是一本嚴肅的書——充滿趣味,信息豐富還有各種驚喜。根據(jù)破折號后面的句意可知,選項A符合題意。

18.單選題

Theescapedprisonerjumpedontotheboatandthen(

)itawayfromtheseashorewithapole.

問題1選項

A.pushed

B.shoved

C.urged

D.pressed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。push“推動,增加”;shove“擠,撞,猛推”;urge“催促,敦促”;press“壓,按,逼迫”。pushaway=shove。句意:逃犯先跳上船,然后用桿子將船退離岸邊。只有A項能與away搭配,且符合句意。故A項正確。

19.不定項選擇題

SincetheemergenceofWesterncapitalisminthe18thcentury,freemarketcapitalismhasbeenthereigningmodeintheworld’seconomy.Basedonmassproduction,externalmarkets,andregulationbysupplyanddemand,thissystempromoteseconomicgrowthand,intheory,wealthforallintheformofmaterialgoods.Proponentsofcapitalismbelievethatthesystembringsthegreatesthappinesstothegreatestnumberofpeople.Detractorsclaimthatcapitalismcreatesunnecessarygrowthattheexpenseofsocialinequalityandenvironmentaldegradation.

Withthepatentingofthesteamenginein1769,massproductionbecamemoreefficient,andlargefactorytownsproliferated,firstinEnglandandtheninEuropeandAmerica.Mannedbyanewclassofurbanwageearners,factorieschurnedoutlow-costgoodsforsaleinexternalmarkets.ThehugeprofitsofprivateindustryfueledthenationaleconomiesofEuropeancountries,andlaidthefoundationsofinternationaltrade.Thevirtuesofeconomicgrowthseemedunassailableatthetime;profitsfromsalesenrichedthefactoryinterestontheflowoftradecurrencybroughtprofittocapitalinvestors,andtheincreaseinfactory-producedconsumergoodsappearedasthoughitwouldleadtowell-beingfortherestofsociety.TheScottishsocialphilosopherproto-economistAdamSmith,writingin1776,expressedthis18th-centuryoptimisminhisWealthofNations,sayingthatan“invisiblehand”ofself-interestguidedthelaissez-faireeconomy(onewithnogovernmentinterference),preservingchecksandbalancesinthesystemandofferingthefairestcompensationtotheworker,guaranteeingahappyandprosperoussociety.

Bythemiddleofthe19thcentury,thedesirabilityofuncheckedeconomicgrowthwasbeginningtocomeintoquestion.Whileprovidingforthegrowthofgovernmentandindustry,thecapitalistsystemseemedtohavebroughtfewrealbenefitstotheworkingclasses,andtohavecreatedmoreproblemsthanithadsolved.CitiesinEuropeandnowAmericaboreanewandquiteuglyfeature:theslumsoftheurbanworkerswhoselaborwasessentialtothemachineryofcapitalism,butwhoserewardwasinadequatetoprovideadecentstandardofliving.Theseghettoeswerecentersofovercrowding,poverty,hungeranddesperation.Increasedfoodproductionbroughtacorrespondingriseinpopulation;GreatBritaingrewfromninemillionin1780to21millionin1850;thepopulationofEuropenearlydoubledinthesametimeframe,jumpingfrom140millionin1750to266millionin1850.Thus,workerswhohadleftserf-likeconditionsonfarmstoworkincitiesfoundslaveryinanotherformaswage-earnerscompetingforill-payingjobs.Theappallingworkandlivingconditionsfannedtheflamesofworkers’revolutionswhichbrokeoutacrossEuropein1848.

KarlMarxandHenryDavidThoreau,writinginthe1840’s,bothattackedthefree-marketsystem.[A]ItisironicthatMarx,whoispopularlyregardedasthegreatestenemyofcapitalism,wasactuallythinkingfairlyconventionallyabouteconomicgrowth;MarxagreedwithSmiththateconomicdevelopmentwasdesirableandnecessary,butdisagreedwiththedistributionofwealthundercapitalism.[B]ItwasThoreau,whenheproposedanagrarian-basedeconomicmodelbasedonself-sufficiencyandreducedconsumption,whomostradicallydissentedwiththe“freemarket”.[C]ThoughfewatthetimetookThoreauseriously,hisobservationsprefiguremanyoftheecologicalconcernsofthe

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