考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南華大學(xué)船山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南華大學(xué)船山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thewrapperitself______theshopper,whousuallythrowsitawayimmediately.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isnotaninterestto

B.isofnointerestto

C.isnotinterestedto

D.isuninterestingto

【答案】B

【解析】考查interest的意義和用法，固定搭配beof(no)interesttosb.“（不）會(huì)引起……的興趣”；區(qū)別interested“感興趣”，interesting“有趣的”，interest“興趣，愛(ài)好”。A項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義不符，C項(xiàng)表示“包裝紙對(duì)顧客不感興趣”不符合句子邏輯，D項(xiàng)也不符合邏輯；本句句意是：對(duì)于顧客來(lái)說(shuō)，包裝紙本身不會(huì)引起其興趣，通常，他們立即就將其扔掉了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)義，B項(xiàng)最符合。

2.單選題

Psychologyhasslowlyevolvedintoan（

）scientificdisciplinethatnowfunctionsautonomouslywiththesameprivilegesandresponsibilitiesasothersciences.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.independent

B.unusual

C.outmoded

D.exceeded

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。independent“獨(dú)立的”；unusual“不尋常的；與眾不同的”；outmoded“過(guò)時(shí)的”；exceeded“非常的；過(guò)度的”。句意：心理學(xué)已慢慢演變成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的學(xué)科，如今有著與其他自然科學(xué)同樣特權(quán)和責(zé)任的它獨(dú)立自主地行使職責(zé)。由functionsautonomously可知A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

AsmanyofthearticlesinthisissueofTheMcKinseyQuarterlydemonstrate,companiesinthedevelopedworldareoutsourcing（資源外置）everlargerportionsoftheirbusinesstolow-cost,highlyskilledworkersinthedevelopingworld.Drivingthistrendistheremarkableabilityoftheglobalworkforcetolearnonthejob.

Infact,therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,political,andintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.TheresearchoftheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute(MGI)duringthepastdecadehasconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

MGIhasfoundampleevidenceinthedevelopingworldtosupportthisconclusion.InBrazil,forexample,thetwoleadingprivateretailbanksarelocallyownedandstaffedbutachievenear-globallevelsofbest-practiceproductivity.AHondafactoryinBrazilperformsalmostaswellasthecompany’sJapaneseandUSplants.Inthesamecountry,theFrenchhypermarketchainCarrefourachievesabout90percentoftheproductivitythatitachievesathome.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Ihavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon'tforceit.Afterall,that'showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimeforeducation.Theydidn'thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Wecanconcludefromthesecondparagraphthatinpoorcountries（

）.

2.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theeconomicgrowthisneeded

（

）.

3.Accordingtothetext,educationgotstarted（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.progressineducationisnecessaryforthepoliticaldevelopment

B.theimportanceofeducationhasbeenoverestimated

C.thepooreducationresultsinthelowstandardsofliving

D.thetraditionalviewabouteducationisgroundless

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.beforeeducationcanprogress

B.beforeapoliticalsystemcanoperate

C.inpoorcountriestoescapepoverty

D.toadapttothecompetitiveenvironment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whenthegovernmentforcedpeopletostudy

B.whenourancestorshadenoughtime

C.whenourancestorswerenolongerphysicallyhungry

D.beforeourancestorsfoundbetterwaystogetfood

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong（然而，在貧窮國(guó)家教育應(yīng)該是最優(yōu)先促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的）可知B選項(xiàng)“教育的重要性被高估了”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由最后一段中的Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation...Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.（當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境推動(dòng)我們的祖先實(shí)現(xiàn)這一潛力時(shí)，他們又能提供更多的教育……然而，缺乏正規(guī)教育并不會(huì)限制發(fā)展中國(guó)家勞動(dòng)力在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái)大幅度提高生產(chǎn)力的能力）可知經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)需要適應(yīng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境，因此選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段的內(nèi)容為：教育與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的真正關(guān)系是什么？我開(kāi)始懷疑持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)會(huì)促進(jìn)教育的發(fā)展，即使政府不強(qiáng)制教育。畢竟，教育就是這樣開(kāi)始的。當(dāng)我們的祖先一萬(wàn)年前是獵人和采集者時(shí)，他們沒(méi)有時(shí)間接受教育?？芍逃_(kāi)始在我們的祖先找到更好的食物的方法之前，因此選D。

4.單選題

Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bewildering

B.exasperating

C.dismaying

D.upsetting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。appalling表示“可怕的，令人震驚的”；A項(xiàng)bewildering“使人困惑的”，B項(xiàng)exasperating“使人惱怒的”，C項(xiàng)dismaying“令人震驚的，令人驚恐的”，D項(xiàng)upsetting“令人心煩意亂的”。句意：盡管工作條件惡劣，這些非法移民每天還是得工作很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Newtechnologyismakingthetraditionalfarmingmachineryandmethods（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficient

B.emergent

C.obsolete

D.nostalgic

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。efficient“有效率的”；emergent“緊急的”；obsolete“過(guò)時(shí)的”；nostalgic“懷舊的”。句意：新的科技使傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械和方法漸漸過(guò)時(shí)了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

TheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenIslamandviolenceinAsiamustbedonewithinasinclusiveaperspectiveaspossible.AstheexampleoftheevolutionofJihadillustrates,simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.TheemergenceofJihadcannotbeunderstoodwithoutseeingitinthecontextoftheglobalizationofactivistorganizations.Similarly,suchdevelopmentsmustbeviewedwithintheframeworkofglobalreligiousresurgence.ThisisnotaphenomenonthatisrestrictedtoMuslimorganizationsinAsia.TheissueoftherelationshipbetweenreligionandviolenceinvolvesexaminationofHindu,Jewish,Christian,andothertraditions,aswellasIslam.Theroleofviolenceinreligionisanimportantpart,ofthechallengesfacingAsianIslamatthecrossroadsofhistoryinthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.

Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.ThesemanydimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleneedtobebetterunderstood.Thewholestructureofsocietyisbeingtransformedinthemodernera.IssuesinvolvingthedefinitionofthenatureofthesocialorderareanimportantpartofthecrossroadssituationofMuslimcommunitiesandsocietiesinAsiaatthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.Concernaboutthechangingnatureofthesocialorderis,inmanyways,acontinuationoflong-standingIslamicperspectives.TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.Theconcentrationontheissueofthe"IslamicState"is,inimportantways,a"modem"concern,reflectingthegeneraltendencyofmodernitytobestate-centeredratherthancommunity-centered.However,theoften-repeatedstatementthat"Islamisnotsolely'areligion,'itisatotalwayoflife"reflectsaconcernforthewholeofsociety,includingthepoliticalorder,butgoesbeyondthestate.

TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.Inthebroadestterms,thisinvolvesdefiningtheroleofIslamincivilsociety,thenatureofthepublicsphereforhumanactivity,andthecomplexissuesofinteractionsbetweenreligionandpolitics,moralityandsocialorder,thatariseindefining"secular"relationshipsincontemporaryglobalizationandtheglobalreligiousresurgence.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingbestexpressesaninclusiveperspective?

2.Thehighlighted"It"inLine5refersto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph2,manyimportantdimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.Theword“ummah”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.WhydoestheauthorthinktheviewsofbothmainstreamandextremistMuslimsregardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureoftheircommunityareveryimportant?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Fromaninclusiveperspective,youranalysisisnotconfinedtotheanalysisofaparticularstate.

B.Aninclusiveperspectiveisanall-roundperspective.

C.Fromaninclusiveperspective,thedevelopmentofIslamwillbeunderstoodinaglobalcontextandbelinkedwiththedevelopmentsofotherreligionsaswell.

D.Fromaninclusiveperspective,manydimensionsofIslamwillbebetterunderstood.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theanalysisoftherelationship

B.remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstates

C.amisleadingexceptionalism

D.theexampleoftheevolutionofJihad

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.therelationshipbetweenMuslimcommunitiesandsocieties

B.theissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariainthe21stcentury

C.mainstreamMuslimactivity

D.thegrowinginfluenceofviolenceofextremists

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theMuslimcommunity

B.thestate

C.theMuslimpeople

D.thelife

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toavoidsocialinstabilityandviolence.

B.TorespondtothediversitypresentinallofthesocietiesofAsia.

C.Todefinesecularrelationshipincontemporaryglobalreligiousresurgence.

D.TodeterminethefuturenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsia.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.”，可知僅僅在單獨(dú)國(guó)家的框架內(nèi)觀察事態(tài)發(fā)展已不再可行。繼續(xù)局限于各州的地理邊界，容易導(dǎo)致例外主義?？赏茢喑鰪陌菪缘慕嵌瓤矗了固m教的發(fā)展將在全球范圍內(nèi)得到理解，并與其他宗教的發(fā)展相聯(lián)系。這一現(xiàn)象可以表達(dá)包容的觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.”，可知它也忽視了全球化的影響和全球化對(duì)歷史發(fā)展的直接影響。從句子中的also可判斷，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該為同一對(duì)象，可知it指代上文提到的仍然局限于單獨(dú)的國(guó)家的地理邊界。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.”，可知伊斯蘭政治角色包括21世紀(jì)伊斯蘭教法對(duì)社會(huì)的意義、主流穆斯林活動(dòng)的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)、心靈斗爭(zhēng)演變的例子。所以穆斯林和社會(huì)之間的關(guān)系不屬于伊斯蘭的政治角色。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.”，可知伊斯蘭教關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何組織人類(lèi)的中心不是“國(guó)家”，而是社會(huì)團(tuán)體。因?yàn)閱卧~or可判斷出ummah應(yīng)該為前面提到的事物。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.”，作者認(rèn)為主流穆斯林思想和極端主義思想對(duì)于伊斯蘭和他們的社會(huì)里面都是很重要，因?yàn)榻缍ㄕ麄€(gè)社會(huì)秩序的發(fā)展性質(zhì)的辯論是決定21世紀(jì)亞洲穆斯林社會(huì)性質(zhì)的一個(gè)主要部分。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要分為三個(gè)部分，第一個(gè)部分講述的是民間文化社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)，第二部分講述的是大眾文化社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)，第三部分是講述在工業(yè)時(shí)代的如今，大眾流行文化正在取代民間文化。選項(xiàng)A：二十年的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)；選項(xiàng)B:工業(yè)技術(shù)的影響；選項(xiàng)D：加拿大和美國(guó)的勞動(dòng)專(zhuān)業(yè)化，以上選項(xiàng)均與原文不符。選項(xiàng)C:“民俗化”社會(huì)與“大眾化”社會(huì)的特征“為正確選項(xiàng)。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“傳統(tǒng)是至高無(wú)上的，很少有改變，而且變化很慢。很少有專(zhuān)門(mén)的勞動(dòng)分工?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)B“社會(huì)變革發(fā)生得很慢”與原文相符，為正確選項(xiàng)，而選項(xiàng)A、C、D均與原文表述的意思相反。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是關(guān)于美國(guó)和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美國(guó)和加拿大等工業(yè)化國(guó)家，一成不變的民間文化已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在。”可以推斷出兩個(gè)國(guó)家的文化均已大眾流行化，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“它們有大眾流行文化”與原文意思相符，因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作為Mennonite信仰的一種，提供了維持秩序的主要機(jī)制。”由此可知D選項(xiàng)“宗教”為正確選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)A、B、C均與題意不符。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A：容忍各種宗教活動(dòng)。這與文章所表述的阿米什人很少與他們宗派以外的人通婚不符，因此錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B：個(gè)人主義和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很重要這與文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符，所以為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D：每個(gè)人發(fā)展一項(xiàng)專(zhuān)門(mén)技能，明顯與文中第一段描述不符。選項(xiàng)C：現(xiàn)代以前的技術(shù)更受喜歡，與原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地區(qū)，輕便馬車(chē)仍然是當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌üぞ撸磐絺儾辉试S擁有汽車(chē)。”相符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

The（）stuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diagram

B.label

C.signal

D.mark

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)diagram“圖表；圖解”；B選項(xiàng)label“標(biāo)簽；商標(biāo)”；C選項(xiàng)signal“信號(hào)；暗號(hào)；導(dǎo)火線”；D選項(xiàng)mark“標(biāo)志；馬克；符號(hào)”。句意：信封上粘貼的標(biāo)簽說(shuō)是“航空郵件”。信封上粘貼的應(yīng)該是標(biāo)簽，故選B。

9.單選題

Althoughhehaddonemanygreatthings,heneverfeltitnecessaryto_______hisachievements.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lavish

B.extravert

C.impose

D.vaunt

【答案】D

【解析】lavish浪費(fèi),慷慨給予;extravert使思想外傾;impose征稅,強(qiáng)加;vaunt自夸，吹噓。句意：雖然他做了許多偉大的事情，但他從不覺(jué)得有必要夸耀自己的成就。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

TherighttopursuehappinessispromisedtoAmericansbytheUSConstitution,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayhappinessran.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.JonathanSwiftconceivedofhappinessas“thestateofbeingwell-deceived,”orofbeing“afoolamongidiots,”forSwiftsawsocietyasalandoffalsegoals.

Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffalsegoals.Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.

AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericanbusinessarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyone'sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.

Lookatanyofthemagazinesthatcatertowomen.Thereadvertisingbeginsasartandslogansinthefrontpagesandendsaspillsandtherapyinthebackpages.Theartatthefrontillustratesthedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.This,theperfumedbreathshemustbreatheout.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.Thisisthecreamthatrestoresskin,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfataroundthethighs,andthesearethepillsofperpetualyouth.

Obviouslynoreasonablepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchartorbysuchpillsanddevices.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythisdreamandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatisittheyaretryingtobuy?

Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasachievingsuperiorityoverothers,livinginamansionmadeofmarble,havingawardrobewithhundredsofoutfits,willdotosetthegreedyextreme.

Fromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassagewemayinferthat（）.

In“advertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem”(Line2,Para.3),“them”refersto（）.

Intheauthor’sview,buyingthingsisregardedas（）.

Itisimpliedbytheauthorthatthemagazinesare（）.

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theUSConstitutiongivespeopletherighttopursuehappiness

B.Americanpeopleareatalossashowtogainhappiness

C.JonathanSwiftdidnotbelieveinhappinessitself

D.Americanpeopletendtobuytheirhappiness

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.people’sdesires

B.advertisements

C.varioussensesofhappiness

D.theforcesofAmericanbusiness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.apatrioticduty

B.supportingthenationaleconomy

C.somethingaddictingustogreed

D.beingtakeninbyadvertising

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.sheerartandslogans

B.fulloflureanddeception

C.veryusefulforprofessionalwomen

D.useless,likecream,tabletsandpills

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepursuitofhappiness

B.Therighttopursuehappiness

C.ThefalsegoalsofAmericanpeople

D.Themisguidingforceofadvertising

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文前兩段的內(nèi)容可知，美國(guó)憲法賦予美國(guó)人民追求幸福的權(quán)利，但似乎誰(shuí)也說(shuō)不清幸福跑到哪里去了。JonathanSwift提出了虛假目標(biāo)的說(shuō)法，但這種說(shuō)法不是美國(guó)式思維。然而，我們（美國(guó)人）似乎執(zhí)迷于花錢(qián)買(mǎi)幸福的理念。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到第三段句意“廣告的存在不是為了滿足欲望，而是為了創(chuàng)造欲望?！庇纱丝芍@里的“them”指代的是前半部分提到的“desire”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.這樣一來(lái)，我們的整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)就是建立在使我們沉迷于貪婪的基礎(chǔ)上的。甚至有人告訴我們，通過(guò)購(gòu)買(mǎi)東西來(lái)支持國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)是我們的愛(ài)國(guó)義務(wù)。”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為購(gòu)物是使我們沉迷于貪婪的東西，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，作者提及，現(xiàn)在的雜志為了迎合女性的口味，開(kāi)頭的幾頁(yè)廣告都是藝術(shù)和口號(hào)，到了結(jié)尾的幾頁(yè)就都變成了藥丸和療法。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為雜志充滿了誘惑和欺騙，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容可知，前兩段作者提及美國(guó)人追尋不到幸福的方向，而且傾向于花錢(qián)買(mǎi)幸福；接著作者講到了人們是如何花錢(qián)來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)幸福的案例；最后作者指出幸福很難定義，關(guān)鍵在于個(gè)人如何看待。由此可知，本文主要是圍繞著追尋幸福這一話題展開(kāi)，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

11.單選題

African-Americanfilmmakersshouldbeinanenviableposition,forsincetheearly1990stherehasbeenasteadywaveoflowbudgetblackfilmswhichhaveturnedasolidprofitduetoaverystrongresponseintheAfrican-Americancommunityandalargercrossoveraudiencethananticipated.Anyrationalbusinessmanagerwouldnowidentifythissectorasaprimecandidateforexpansion,butifthefilmshavedonesowellwithlimitedproductionandmarketingcosts,whyhavetheynotreceivedfullscalesupport?

Manyanalystsfeelthebusinessisengulfedinamiasmaofself-servingandself-fulfillingmythsbasedontheunspokenassumptionthatAfrican-Americanfilmscanneverbevehiclesofprestige,glamour,orcelebrity.Therelationshipplayershaveconvincedthemselvesthatblackfilmscandoonlyalimiteddomesticbusinessunderanycircumstanceandhavevirtuallynoforeignboxofficepotential.Asexecutiveswhonowcontrolthefilmindustrygrewupinthosedecadeswhentherewerefewblackimagesonthescreenandthosethatdidexistwereproducedbyfilm-makerswithlimitedknowledgeoftheblackcommunity,itislittlewonderthattheyavoidideologicalissues,andseektocontinuemakingfilmsthattheyarecomfortablewithbyavoidingthenegativeimageryoffilmstheywouldprefertoeschewentirely.

AlsotoblameforthisdeleteriousphenomenonarelegionsofdesperateandMachiavellianAfrican-Americanfilmproducers,directors,andwriterswhowouldtransformTheBirthofaNationintoablackmusicalaslongasitwouldprovidethemwithgainfulstudioemployment.Thesefilmmakersnotonlyperpetuatenegativestereotypesintheirfilms,buttheyalsoseasonthemwithasprinklingofAfrican-Americanauthenticity.Thissituationwouldbeonerousenough,giventheeconomicexploitationofthecommunityinvolved;unfortunatelythesefilmsalsovalidatethepathologiestheydepict.TheconstantprojectionoftheblackcommunityasakindofurbanWildKingdom,theglamorizationoftragicsituations,andthecelebrationofinnercitydrugdealersandgangstershasaprogrammingeffectonblackyouth.ThepowerofmusicinfilmisaparticularlyseductiveandpropagandisticforcewhichintherecentcropofAfrican-Americanfilmshasrarelybeenusedinapositivesocialmanner.

Whatflowsfromthiscombinationoffactorsisapolicyofmarketexploitationratherthanmarketdevelopment,evidencedbythefactthatanynumberoffilmsmayopento1,500screensinoneweek,onlytototallydisappearinlessthanamonth.Thisrestrictedbodyoffilmproductserodesthegenre’slong-termviability,particularlywiththemoreficklenon-African-Americanaudiencesandforeignaudiences.Furthermore,whenAfrican-Americanactorsbegintoemergeasstars,theirprojectsareusuallydesignedtobe“more”thanablackfilm,suchthatanysuccessthatfollowsisthereforeperceivednotasareflectionoftheviabilityofAfrican-Americanfilmmakingbutasthebroaderpursuitofcelebrity.

36.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpurposeofthepassage?

37.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingischaracteristicofAfrican-Americanfilmsbeingproducedatpresent,EXCEPT（）.

38.Accordingtothepassage,filmindustryexecutiveshavebeenreluctanttosupportAfrican-Americancinemaforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

39.ItmaybeinferredthattheauthorofthepassageconsidersTheBirthofaNationtobe（）.

40.Accordingtotheauthor,African-AmericansfilmmakershavefailedtotakewhichofthefollowingstepsinproperlypromotingAfrican-Americancinema?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TocontrasttheconditionofAfrican-Americancinemawiththatofmainstreamcinema

B.ToprovideaneconomicexplanationfortheunpopularityofAfrican-Americancinema

C.TocriticizetheassumptionsmainstreamaudiencesallegedlymaketowardAfrican-Americancinema

D.TocataloguetheattitudesandpracticesresponsiblefortheunpopularityofAfrican-Americancinema

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.long-termviabilityasagenreinwhichaudienceskeepaconsistentinterest

B.successinattractingaudiencesoutsidetheAfrican-Americancommunity

C.atendencytoglamorizetheproblemsexistinginAfrican-Americanurbancommunities

D.alimitedlevelofauthenticityintermsoftheirpresentationofAfrican-Americanculture

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ExecutivesbelievethatAfrican-Americanaudiencesareoftenrepelledbythepresentationofideologicalissuesinfilm.

B.ExecutivesconcludethatAfrican-Americancinemaisnotlikelytoattractaudiencesoverseas.

C.ExecutivesareoftheopinionthatAf