考研考博-英語-南京科技職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京科技職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inthispoorcountry,survivalisstilltheleadingindustry;allelseis（）.

問題1選項

A.luxury

B.accommodation

C.entertainment

D.refreshment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項luxury“奢侈品，享受”；B選項accommodation“住處，膳宿，調(diào)節(jié)”；C選項entertainment“娛樂，消遣，款待”；D選項refreshment“點心，起提神作用的東西，精力恢復”。句意：在這個貧窮的國家里，生存是最大的事，其他的一切都是奢侈的事情。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

2.單選題

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey（）toviolenceinordertoescape.

問題1選項

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一般來說，動物只有在落入圈套時，為了逃命才會采取暴力行為。

考查動詞辨析。proceed繼續(xù)前進，開始；appeal懇求，呼吁；resort訴諸，憑借某些手段，通常與介詞to搭配；incline傾向于。因此無論從搭配還是從語義上來說，C項正確。

3.單選題

Ifyou（

）throughabookormagazine,youlookthroughitinacasualway.

問題1選項

A.brew

B.brood

C.bruise

D.browse

【答案】D

【解析】句意:隨意地翻看書籍雜志，其實就是瀏覽。

考查動詞辨析。Brew釀制(啤酒),沏(茶),煮(咖啡);brood焦慮,憂思(使人厭煩、擔憂或不安的事);bruise(使)出現(xiàn)傷痕,撞傷;browse(在商店里)隨便看看,瀏覽,翻閱。因此D符合句意。

4.單選題

Thecitytriedtostopcrimebyhiringmorepolice,butthat（）didnotwork.

問題1選項

A.approach

B.application

C.management

D.version

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)句子前后邏輯關(guān)系可知，空格處是指前文提及的“雇傭更多警察”一事。A選項為“方法；接近”；B選項為“運用；申請”；C選項為“管理”；D選項為“版本；譯文”。根據(jù)句意可知，這座城市想通過雇傭更多警察以停止犯罪，但是這方法并不管用。因此，正確答案為A項。

5.翻譯題

Passage1

當然,水的質(zhì)量及其他許多環(huán)境問題和人類健康問題密切相關(guān)。雖然許多過去的疾病危害已經(jīng)得到控制甚至消滅,但一些舊疾病至今仍能置人于死地,而且,人類面臨越來越多的新型疾病的攻擊威脅。某些新的致命病毒的殺傷力更強大,蔓延的速度更快。人類迫切需要新的醫(yī)療技術(shù)和方法。

Passage2

近年來隨著傳感器和無線移動設備的飛速發(fā)展,隨時隨地獲得個人位置成為可能。一方面,促進了基于位置服務的飛速發(fā)展,另一方面,個人位置隱私泄露的問題引超人們的廣泛關(guān)注。由于移動環(huán)境中位置信息的特殊性,造成無法直接利用現(xiàn)有的關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫隱私保護技術(shù)。

Passage3

再次,管理具有二重性,管理科學只是管理自然屬性的一種表現(xiàn)、它并不能解決管理社會屬性的全部問題。其自然屬性是可以并有望科學化的,但是其社會屬性只能通過正確處理人際關(guān)系來解決。從這個角度上講,管理應當屬于人文科學和社會科學,或者說管理科學具有很強的人文性質(zhì)。

ChooseONLYONEpassagefromthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

Naturally,waterqualityandmanyotherenvironmentalconcernsarecloselyrelatedtoquestionsofhumanhealth.Whilemanyofthehealthscourgesofthepasthavebeencontrolledandeveneliminated,otheroldonesstillhaveremaineddeadly.Andpeopleareattackedbyincreasingnewkindsofdisease,someofwhichkillpeoplefatallyandspreadfaster.Humanareeagertorequirenewmedicaltechnologiesandmethods.

Passage2

Duetotherapiddevelopmentofsensorsandwirelessmobiledeviceinrecentyears,ithasbecomepossibletoacquireinformationofindividualpositionsanytimeandanywhere.Ontheonehand,itpromptstherapiddevelopmentbasedonpositionservice.Ontheotherhand,theissueofleakageofpersonalpositionprivacyarouseswideconcern.Becauseoftheparticularityofpositioninformationinmobilecontext,itisimpossibletomakeuseofthepresentprivacyprotectiontechnologyofrelationaldatabase.

Passage3

Moreover,managementhasadualcharacter.Asonlyanexhibitionofthenaturalpropertiesofmanagement,managementsciencecannotsolvealltheproblemswiththesocialpropertiesofmanagement.Theissuesconcerningitsnaturalpropertiescanbehopefullymadescientific,whiletheissuesconcerningitssocialpropertiescanonlybesolvethroughthecorrecthandlingofinterpersonalrelationships.Fromthisperspective,managementshouldbeclassifiedasahumanscienceandsocialscience,orwecansaythatmanagementsciencehasastronghumanitynature.

6.問答題

Notallofthepeoplelikethismovie.(popular)

【答案】Thismovieisnotpopularinallofthepeople.

7.單選題

Manyrenownedscientistsquestionedthevalidityoftheassumption.

問題1選項

A.credit

B.weakness

C.correctness

D.uncertainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項credit“信用，信譽”；B選項weakness“弱點；軟弱；嗜好”；C選項correctness“正確性”；D選項uncertainty“猶豫；不確定的事物；不確定度”。句意：許多著名的科學家對這一假設的正確性提出了質(zhì)疑。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞questionedthe…oftheassumption（對假設提出質(zhì)疑），結(jié)合句意，得知C選項正確。

8.單選題

Thegroupoftechniciansareengagedinastudywhich（

）allaspectsofurbanplanning.

問題1選項

A.inserts

B.grips

C.performs

D.embraces

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這組技術(shù)人員正忙于一項涉及到城市規(guī)劃所有方面的研究。

動詞辨析。Insert插入，嵌入;grip抓住，緊握;perform執(zhí)行,完成;embrace擁抱,包含。故D符合句意。

9.單選題

strophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,“two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.

AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.

Therapidadvancesmadeinx-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstarratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,x-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.

Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.

Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz'workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpredictionsoftheinstabilityofaccretiondiskswerebasedonwhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAbramowicz’workcanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?

5.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Thepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingabouttheprogressofknowledgeinastrophysics?

7.Thepassagesuggeststhat,comparedtothestudyofordinarystars,thestudyofaccretiondisksis（

）.

8.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.

9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz’workisthatit（

）.

問題1選項

A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicists

B.providinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewwork

C.definingtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobserved

D.exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondisk

E.describingthephenomenonofaccretiondisksandreviewingseveralconflictingtheoriesoftheirorigins

問題2選項

A.AcalculationoftheprobableeffectsofstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

B.AcalculationoftheprobablerelationshipbetweengeneralrelativityandstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

C.Acalculationoftheenergyreleasedbyfrictionwithinacompactstar

D.Observationofthex-raysradiatedbycompactstars

E.Observationoftheclumpingofaccretiondiskmatterintoringsaroundcompactstars

問題3選項

A.uncertainapproval

B.unqualifiedrespect

C.mildinterest

D.carefuldismissal

E.hostileskepticism

問題4選項

A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.

B.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.

C.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.

D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.

E.Itexplainsthebehaviorofaccretiondisksaswellasthatofordinarystars.

問題5選項

A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.

B.Improvedtechniquesinx-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.

C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.

D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.

E.Thegravitationalpotentialofcompactstarsdoesnotvaryfromstartostar.

問題6選項

A.Adherencetooutdatedtheorieshas,inthepast,limitedtheactivitiesofastrophysicistsandrestrictedprogress.

B.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredonlyasaresultofsignificantbreakthroughsinbasicphysicsandchemistry.

C.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredasaresultofaprocessofdefiningandsolvingrestrictedproblems.

D.Giventherecentacquisitionofknowledgeaboutthenuclearprocessesofstars,furtherprogressislikelytobelimitedtotherefinementofwhatisalreadyknown.

E.Conclusionsinastrophysicshave,inthepast,beenseriouslyflawed,thuslimitingprogress,althoughtherehaverecentlybeensignsofchange.

問題7選項

A.derivative

B.moresophisticated

C.lessclearlyfocused

D.atanearlierstageofdevelopment

E.moredependentontechnologicaladvances

問題8選項

A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystar

B.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstar

C.acollisionbetweentwostars

D.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstar

E.theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar

問題9選項

A.providesameansofmeasuringthegravitationalpotentialofneutronstars

B.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomy

C.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisks

D.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstars

E.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:E

第9題:E

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文，原文多次出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞“accretiondisks”“newinsights”,從而即可了解作者的寫作主旨，得出本題答案。

2.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“instability”將信息點定位到原文第四段第二、三句?！癟hereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.”從而得出本題答案。

3.

觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Abramowicz’work”，可將信息點定位到原文最后一段最后一句?！癆bramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.（阿布拉莫維奇的工作是一個很有價值的例子，說明在得出關(guān)于吸積盤的結(jié)論之前必須小心謹慎。）”作者對其研究是絕對的尊重。從而得出本題答案。

4.

細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thenuclearprocessesofordinarystars”,將信息點定位到原文最后一段第一句?！癋urtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.”從而得出本題答案。

5.

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Abramowicz’work”，將信息點定位為原文第四段第三句“Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.（在最近的工作中，Abramowicz已經(jīng)表明，由廣義相對論引起的附加引力效應可能會改變預期的牛頓引力關(guān)系，使圓盤保持穩(wěn)定，這表明這些預測的不穩(wěn)定性可能不會發(fā)生。）”，從而得出本題答案。

6.

事實細節(jié)題。信息點定位為原文最后一段第一句。根據(jù)“involvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscase（就像在本例中所做的那樣，涉及到對受限問題的定義和提出解決方案）”即可得出本題答案。

7.

事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干將信息點定位到原文第一段第四句。根據(jù)“Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.（吸積盤的建模仍處于初級階段，類似于普通恒星使用基本尺度定律建模的日子，而不需要了解恒星的核反應過程。）”即可得出本題答案。

8.

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息將本題信息點定位到原文第二段第二句?！癐nthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.（在這些系統(tǒng)中，來自普通恒星外層的物質(zhì)受到附近環(huán)繞白矮星的引力影響而被吸引，普通恒星失去的物質(zhì)不能直接撞擊微小白矮星的表面，而是進入圍繞恒星的軌道。）”從而得出本題答案。

9.

細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息可將本題信息點定位為原文最后一段。根據(jù)段落信息合理推斷后即可得出本題答案。

10.單選題

Think,inthesecondplace,（

）menofmoralprincipleowestosocietyinregardtotheevilswhichcorruptanddegradeit.

問題1選項

A.ofthedutywhich

B.thedutyofwhich

C.thedutyinwhich

D.ofthedutyofwhichthe

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。Think作及物動詞用，后面接名詞時，一般要加賓補，B和C選項不符合。因此可知此句是thinkof短語中間加入插入語的結(jié)構(gòu)。后面men因為是泛指，不需要定冠詞the。因此A選項正確。

11.單選題

Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitloreofthem.Thishascreated’’aparadox"inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”achievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.

Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.

Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact---wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.

Manyfirst-generationstudentsstruggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe’rulesofthegame,'and"takeadvantageofcollegeresources,"theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslackinsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove.

1.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas（

）.

2.Theauthorofthepaperbelievesthatfirst-generationstudents

（

）.

3.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.reducedtheirdropoutrates

B.narrowedtheachievementgap

C.misseditsoriginalpurpose

D.depressedcollegestudents

問題2選項

A.areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap

B.canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents

C.maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects

D.areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege

問題3選項

A.universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class

B.studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources

C.socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences

D.collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘招募更多第一代大學生己經(jīng)如何？’根據(jù)文章第一段“Thishascreated’’aparadox"inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose"achievementgapbasedonsocialclass...這就產(chǎn)生了一個“悖論”，即招收第一代學生，但卻眼睜睜地看著他們中的許多人失敗，這意味著高等教育“繼續(xù)繁衍和擴大，而不是縮小”基于社會階層的成就差距，所以這是一種自相矛盾的事……”。確定C選項‘能達到其最初的目的’正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘本文作者認為第一代學生如何？’根據(jù)第四段第一句“...first-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.第一代大學生缺少的不是潛力，而是在處理大多數(shù)大學生面對的問題時的實際的常識?！贝_定D選項“在大學里沒有處理問題的經(jīng)驗”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘最后一段中可以推斷什么？’根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslackinsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove.因為美國的學院和大學很少承認社會階層是如何影響學生的教育經(jīng)歷的，所以許多第一代學生缺乏對他們?yōu)槭裁磿暝亩床炝?，也不知道像他們這樣的學生如何才能進步?！笨梢酝浦狣選項“學校應該為目前的問題承擔部分責任”正確。

12.單選題

Therealityisthatonlybypreventingman-madedebrisfromgettingintotheoceaninthefirstplace（）ameasureablereduction（）accomplished.

問題1選項

A.X…X

B.will…be

C.that…willbe

D.will…X

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題目，is后是由that引導的表語從句，從句是由only引導的一個倒裝句，所以用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，將助動詞will提前。句意：事實就是，只有首先阻止人造垃圾排入海洋，將會實現(xiàn)一種可量化的減少。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

HetoldArablawmakerswhotookpartintheprotestthat“thedaywillcomewhenwewillbanishyoufromthenationalhome”.

問題1選項

A.conquer

B.transfer

C.depart

D.exile

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.conquer占領(lǐng)，攻克B.transfer轉(zhuǎn)職，轉(zhuǎn)學，改變（環(huán)境）

C.depart離開，離去D.exile流放，放逐

【答案】D

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】banish的意思為“放逐，流放，把（某人）驅(qū)逐出境”，這里指把參加抗議活動的阿拉伯議員驅(qū)逐出境，exile與之詞義相近，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】他告訴參加抗議活動的阿拉伯議員：“我們把你們趕出國家的那一天終將到來?！?/p>

14.單選題

Somepeopleeither（

）avoidquestionsofrightandwrongorremainneutralaboutthem.

問題1選項

A.violently

B.enthusiastically

C.sincerely

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。violently“激烈地，猛烈地”；enthusiastically“熱心地，滿腔熱情地”；sincerely“真誠地”；deliberately“故意地”。句意：有些人不是故意避開是非的問題就是保持中立。either…or…要么……要么……，表示并列關(guān)系，故答案D

15.單選題

Heroinaddictiontodayisfoundchieflyamongyoungmenofminoritygroupsinghetto(貧民區(qū))areas.Ofthemorethan60,000knownaddicts,morethanhalfliveinNewYorkState.MostofthemliveinNewYorkCity.Recentfiguresshowthatmorethanhalfoftheaddictsareunder30yearsofage.

Narcotic(麻醉的)addictionintheUnitedStatesisnotlimitedtoheroinusers.Somemiddle-agedandolderpeoplewhotakenarcoticdrugsregularlytorelievepaincanalsobecomeaddicted.Sodosomepeoplewhocangetdrugseasily,suchasdoctors,nurses,andpharmacists.Studiesshowthatthistypeofaddicthaspersonalityandemotionalproblemsverysimilartothoseofotherregularnarcoticusers.

Manyaddictsadmitthatgettingacontinuedsupplyisthemainobjectoftheirlives.Anaddict’sconcentrationongettingdrugsoftenpreventscontinuinganeducationorworkingatajob.Hishealthisoftenpoor.Hemaybesickonedayfromtheeffectsofwithdrawalandsickthenextfromanoverdose.Statisticsshowthatanaddict’slifespanmaybeshortenedby15to20years.Theaddictisusuallyintroublewithhisfamilyandalmostalwaysintroublewiththelaw.

Somestudiessuggestthatmanyoftheknownnarcoticaddictshadsometroublewiththelawbeforetheybecameaddicted.Onceaddicted,theymaybecomeevenmoreinvolvedwithcrimebecauseitcostssomuchtosupporttheheroinhabit.

Mostauthoritiesagreethattheaddict’sinvolvementwithcrimeisnotadirecteffectofthedrugitself.Turningtocrimeisusuallytheonlywaytogetthatmuchmoney.Theaddicts’crimesarenearlyalwaystheftsorothercrimesagainstproperty.

FederalpenaltiesforillegalnarcoticsusagewereestablishedundertheHarrisonActof1914.TheActprovidesthatillegalpossessionofnarcoticsispunishablebyfinesand/orimprisonment.Sentencescanrangefrom2to10yearsforthefirstoffence,5to20yearsforthesecond,and10to20yearsforfurtheroffenses.

Illegalsaleofnarcoticscanmeanafineof$20,000andasentencefrom20to40yearsforlateroffenses.Apersonwhosellsnarcoticstosomeoneunder18isrefusedparoleandprobation,evenforthefirstoffense.Ifthedrugisheroin,hecanbesentencedtolifeimprisonmentortodeath.

42.Whatisthetopicofthispassage?

43.Accordingtotheauthor,howcantheaddictsgetmoneyfordrugs?

44.Accordingtotheauthor,whocangetnarcoticeasily?

45.Apersonwhosellsherointoakidcanbe（）.

問題1選項

A.Howtocureadrugaddict.

B.Heroinandnarcotic.

C.Theharmofdrugsandtheantidrugmeasurestakenbythegovernment.

D.TheAmericanlaws.

問題2選項

A.Borrowfromtheirfamilies.

B.Byhardworking.

C.Inanillegalway.

D.Theauthordoesn’tmentionit.

問題3選項

A.Government

B.Medicalworkers

C.Theminorities

D.TheJews

問題4選項

A.fined$20,000

B.sentencedto5to20yearsinprison

C.sentencedtodeath

D.sentencedto20to40yearsinprison

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】42.主旨大意題。本文主要闡述了毒品的危害和政府應對毒品問題采取的措施。因此C選項“毒品的危害和政府采取的禁毒措施”正確，符合題意。A選項“如何治愈癮君子”在文中并未談及，可排除，B選項“海洛因和麻醉劑”只是小部分內(nèi)容，不能作為文章的主旨，D選項“美國法”只說了對非法使用麻醉品的聯(lián)邦懲罰，不能作為文章主旨。故選C。

43.客觀細節(jié)題。定位在文章的第五段Turningtocrimeisusuallytheonlywaytogetthatmuchmoney.Theaddicts’crimesarenearlyalwaystheftsorothercrimesagainstproperty（犯罪往往是唯一獲得那么多錢的途徑。癮君子犯罪總是偷竊或者其他應對貧窮的犯罪。）由此可知癮君子購買毒品的錢多是通過非法途徑獲得的，因此C選項“以非法的方式”正確，符合題意。A選項“向家人借錢”，B選項“通過努力工作”，D選項“作者并未提及”均與題意不符，故選C。

44.客觀細節(jié)題。定位在第二段Sodosomepeoplewhocangetdrugseasily,suchasdoctors,nurses,andpharmacists.（一些能夠輕易獲得麻醉藥物的人，如醫(yī)生、護士和藥劑師，也容易因此而上癮。）由此可知醫(yī)務人員可以輕易的獲得麻醉藥物，因此B選項“醫(yī)務人員”正確，符合題意。A選項“政府”，C選項“少數(shù)民族”，D選項“猶太人”均與題意不符，故選B。

45.推理判斷題。定位到文章的最后一段Apersonwhosellsnarcoticstosomeoneunder18isrefusedparoleandprobation,evenforthefirstoffense.Ifthedrugisheroin,hecanbesentencedtolifeimprisonmentortodeath.（向18歲以下的人出售毒品會被拒絕假釋和緩刑，即使是初犯。如果毒品是海洛因，他可能被判無期徒刑或死刑。）由此可以推論只要是販賣海洛因不論對象是誰，最終判罪都只能是無期徒刑或者是死刑。因此C選項“判處死刑”正確，符合題意。A選項“罰款20000美元”，B選項“被判5到20年監(jiān)禁”，D選項“被判20到40年監(jiān)禁”均與題意不符，故選C。

16.單選題

Agood

teachermustknowhowto（）hisstudentsto

workhardatthesubjectheteaches.

問題1選項

A.Mortify

B.Motivate

C.Multiply

D.muster

【答案】B

【解析】mortify指使...受辱；motivate指激發(fā)積極性；multiply指相乘；muster指召集。句意：一位好的老師必須知道如何激勵自己的學生,讓他們努力學習自己教授的課程。選項B符合句意。

17.單選題

Everymoderngovernment,liberalorotherwise,hasaspecificpositioninthefieldofideas;itsstabilityisvulnerabletocriticsinproportiontotheirabilityandpersuasiveness.

問題1選項

A.futile

B.susceptible

C.feasible

D.flexible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。橫線單詞vulnerable意為“易受攻擊的，易受……的攻擊；易受傷害的；有弱點的”；A選項“futile”意為“無用的；無效的；沒有出息的”；B選項“susceptible”意為“易受影響的；易感動的；容許……的”；C選項“feasible”意為“可行的；可能的；可實行的”；D選項“flexible”意為“靈活的；柔韌的；易彎曲的”。句意：每一個現(xiàn)代政府，無論是自由的還是不自由的，在思想領(lǐng)域都有一個特定的位置；它的穩(wěn)定性易受批評家的影響，與他們的能力和說服力成比例。由題干可知，itsstability（政府的穩(wěn)定性）與critics（批評家）之間應該是被影響的關(guān)系，也就是批評家的能力和說服力越強，政府的穩(wěn)定性越容易受影響受傷害。由此可知，vulnerable在此處最可能是“易受傷害的”的意思。因此B選項符合題意。

18.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

ThereareseveralthingsworthnotingaboutcognitiveneurosciencethatarealsoreflectedintheArticlesinthisspecialissueofScience.Firstistheideathatdistributedbrainnetworksunderliecomplexbehaviors.Intheearlydaysofthefield,mostneuroscientistsfocusedonindividualbrainregionsandtheirresponses.Thesensorydomainwasparticularlycaptivating;onecould,forexample,appropriatelytalkabouthyper-complexcellsinthevisualsystemthatrespondedtocomersortheexistenceofcorticalcolumnsastheorganizingbasisforneuro-sensoryinput.Itisbecomingclear,however,thattheprocessingofinformationthatleadstocomplexbehaviorssuchaslearningandmemoryinvolvesmultiplebrainregionsthatmustoperateinaninteractiveparallel.

【答案】關(guān)于神經(jīng)科學某些方面的事情是值得注意的,而這幾個值得關(guān)注方面在這一期的《科學》雜志特刊上均有所體現(xiàn)。首先,其中一個觀點說的是遍布的大腦網(wǎng)絡是構(gòu)成人復雜行為的基礎(chǔ)。在有關(guān)這個領(lǐng)域的早期研究中,大多數(shù)的神經(jīng)科學家專注于研究單獨的大腦區(qū)域及其反應行為。感官領(lǐng)域尤為引人新奇,例如,你可以適當?shù)卣務撘曈X系統(tǒng)中的復雜細胞,這些細胞對大腦溝回和皮層柱的反應構(gòu)成了神經(jīng)感覺輸人的基礎(chǔ)。無論怎樣,有一點是可以肯定的,例如學習和記憶等復雜行為的信息處理過程一定是涉及到多個大腦的區(qū)域并且以交互式平行的方式進行運作。

19.單選題

People（）fromworkweretobehelpeduntiltheyfoundnewjobs.

問題1選項

A.laidoff

B.laidon

C.laidaside

D.laidback

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項layoff“解雇，休息”；B選項layon“安裝，提供”；C選項layaside“擱置，儲蓄，留存”；D選項layback“躺下休息”。根據(jù)句意“被解雇（下崗）的人們將得到幫助，直到他們找到新的工作?！边x項A符合句意。

20.單選題

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice實行；takeintoaccount考慮；throwlighton照亮，闡明，使……顯得清楚；lookdownupon看不起。句意：在計算個人每日所需熱量時，應考慮到體型、體力活動和年齡的變化。選項B符合句意。

21.單選題

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniormanagersfromfeatheringtheirownnestsattheexpenseoftheirshareholders.Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbossespaytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshar