考研考博-英語-安徽水利水電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽水利水電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Currentdatasuggestthat,although（）statesbetweenfearandaggressionexist,fearandaggressionareasdistinctphysiologicallyastheyarepsychologically.

問題1選項

A.simultaneous

B.exceptional

C.partial

D.transitional

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)表明，盡管恐懼和攻擊之間有（）狀態(tài)存在，但是恐懼和攻擊無論是從心理角度還是生理角度來看都是截然不同的。

simultaneous同時的，聯(lián)立的；exceptional異常的，例外的；partial局部的，偏愛的，不公平的；transitional變遷的，過渡。D選項“過渡”狀態(tài)符合句意。

2.單選題

Hereyoumayselecttheonewhichismosttoyourtaste,andyouareevenallowedto（）thembeforecomingtoadecision.

問題1選項

A.auction

B.sample

C.enforce

D.wrap

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。auction“拍賣，競賣”；sample“品嘗，體驗”；enforce“實施，執(zhí)行，強迫”；wrap“包，纏繞”。句意：在這里你可以選擇最合你口味的，在做決定之前，你甚至可以品嘗他們。由“mosttoyourtaste”可知這里提及的是一種食物，然后可推知在決定購買之前可以品嘗。故B項正確。

3.單選題

Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom.Thesmoke（

）myeyes.

問題1選項

A.disturbs

B.bothers

C.upsets

D.irritates

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項disturb“打擾，妨礙”；B選項bother“麻煩，打擾”；C選項upset“使心煩，擾亂”；D選項irritate“刺激，激怒”。句意：請不要在會議室吸煙，煙熏得我眼睛難受。也就是說眼睛受到了刺激，所以選項D正確。

4.單選題

Inspiteof_____reviewsinthepress,theproductionofherplaywas_____almostcertainoblivionbyenthusiasticaudiencewhoseacumenwasgreaterthanthatofthecritics.

問題1選項

A.lukewarm…condemned

B.scathing...exposedto

C.lackluster...rescuedfrom

D.sensitive...reducedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析和句意理解。A項lukewarm“微溫的，無興趣的”，condemn“指責(zé)，譴責(zé)”；B項scathing“嚴(yán)厲的”,exposeto“暴露于”；C項lackluster“無光澤的，無生氣的”，rescuefrom“從……營救”；D項sensitive“敏感的”，reduceto“減少，縮減到”。reviewinthepress和critics是對應(yīng)的，所以第一空和critics的觀點應(yīng)該一致，和觀眾的意見相反。觀眾的意見是enthusiastic“熱情的”，所以必然要否定oblivion“遺忘”，從第二空來看，只有C可能表示否定oblivion。句意：盡管媒體的評論很，但她演奏的作品被熱情的觀眾從注定被遺忘的結(jié)局里，聽眾比評論家更敏銳。所以C項符合。

5.單選題

Mygrandpagavemeawatch,whichismadeofgold,（）Ikeeptothisday.

問題1選項

A.andthus

B.and

C.so

D.andwhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。題目中有兩個非限制性定語從句，第一個由which引導(dǎo)，先行詞在定語從句中做主語，第二個也需用關(guān)系代詞which，先行詞在定語從句中做賓語，所以也不能省略，選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion.Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractablearmwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzerthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.

1.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe（）.

2.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?

3.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?

4.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois（）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?

問題1選項

A.itspowersource

B.itsdrivingsystem

C.itsmonitoringsystem

D.itsseatingcapacity

問題2選項

A.Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.

B.Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.

C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.

D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.

問題3選項

A.Arail

B.Anengine.

C.Aretractablearm

D.Acomputercontroller.

問題4選項

A.keepintherightlane

B.waittoarriveathisdestination

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone

問題5選項

A.Enthusiastic

B.Pessimistic.

C.Optimistic.

D.Cautious.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine(它（即接下來30年的汽車）應(yīng)該變得更小、更安全、更經(jīng)濟、且不再由汽油發(fā)動機提供動力),因此A項“它的動力來源”正確。

2.判斷推理題。題干問的是:作者主要關(guān)心的是什么？第三段指出:Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(在不考慮能源的情況下,它（即未來的汽車）將仍然是城市交通擁擠的主要問題),因此C項“怎樣解決交通堵塞問題”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractablearmwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem...(當(dāng)汽車進入高速公路系統(tǒng)時,伸縮臂將從汽車上伸出,并與軌道相連,這類似于為地鐵列車供電。一旦連接到軌道上,汽車將由系統(tǒng)供電)。因此A項“軌道”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzerthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit(駕駛員將使用電話將行車指令輸入到這個系統(tǒng)中。計算機將計算最好的線路,并且一路上為汽車到達(dá)高速路的正確出口保留空間。駕駛員然后將自由放松地等待會提醒他即將到來的出口的汽笛聲)。因此D項“通過電話告知系統(tǒng)將前往的目的地”正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。第二段正面描寫了未來汽車的趨勢:無可置疑的是汽車在接下來的30年將會發(fā)生巨大的變化,它應(yīng)該變得更小、更安全、更經(jīng)濟、不再由汽油發(fā)動機提供來源且更環(huán)保。第三段針對未來汽車發(fā)展的問題提出了解決辦法,因此作者的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是樂觀的,故選C。

7.單選題

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful（

）inthemarket.

問題1選項

A.batteries

B.bargains

C.baskets

D.barrels

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有些人喜歡在星期天購物,因為他們希望在市場上買到物美價廉的東西。bargains做名詞表示特價商品。所以選項B正確。

8.單選題

Finallyheloweredhisevesinashowofrespectandsaid,"Thatroomisreservedforhonoredguestsfromrichcountries."IwassoshockingthatIdidn'tknowhowtoreply.

問題1選項

A.loweredhisevesin

B.ashowofrespect

C.honoredguests

D.wassoshocking

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞誤用。shocking改為shocked。句意:最后，他目光低垂以表尊敬，并且說:"那個房間時專門招待富裕國家的尊客。"我感到非常震驚,以至于不知道如何回答。shocking令人震驚的。shocked感到震驚的。

9.單選題

Theprotestswerepartoftheir（

）againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopmentinthearea.

問題1選項

A.commission

B.campaign

C.commitment

D.convention

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項commission“委員會，傭金，回扣”；B選項campaign“活動，運動（為社會、商業(yè)或政治目的而進行的一系列有計劃的活動），戰(zhàn)役”；C選項commitment“承諾，許諾”；D選項convention“慣例，大會，協(xié)定”。由againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopment（反對提議建設(shè)開發(fā)）可知B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：這些抗議是他們反對該地區(qū)擬議建設(shè)開發(fā)活動的一部分。

10.單選題

AlltheproductsmadeinChinaaresoldanddistributedin（）withtheU.S.ExportAdministrationRegulationsandalsolocalcountryrules.

問題1選項

A.compliance

B.prosperity

C.merchandise

D.intersection

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。incompliancewith為固定搭配，意為“依從，按照”。

11.單選題

CharlesDickens,likemillionsofchildrenallovertheworldthroughouttheages,wasenchantedbyfairytales.Heacknowledgedthedeepformativeimpactthatthewondrousfiguresandeventsoffairytaleshelpschildrenbetterthananythingelseintheirmostdifficult,yetmostimportantandsatisfyingtask;achievingamorematureconsciousnesstotamethechaoticpressureoftheirunconsciousness.

Fairytales,unlikeanyotherformofliterature,directchildrentodiscovertheiridentityandcalling.Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.Theypromisethatifonedarestoengageinthisfearsomeandtaxingsearch,benevolentpowerswillcometoone’said,andthatonewillsucceed.Butfairytalesalsowarnthatthosewhoaretootimidornarrow-mindedtoriskthem-selvesmustsettleforhumdrumexistence.

Inthepast,thosewholovedfairytaleswereoftensubjectedtothescornofpedants.Buttodaymanyofourchildrenaredeprivedofthechancetoknowfairystoriesatall.Mostchildrennowmeetfairytales,iftheyencounterthematall,onlyinprettifiedversionsthatsubduetheirmeaningandrobthemofalldeepersignificance.Onecanseesuchversionsinfilmsandontelevision,wherefairytalesaretamedintoempty-mindedentertainment.

Throughouthistory,theintellectuallifeofchildrenlargelydependedonmythicalandreligiousstories,andonfairytales.Thistraditionalliteraturefedchildren’simaginationandstimulatedtheirfantasies.Atthesametime,thesestorieswereamajoragentofthechild’ssocialization.Childrencouldlearnsocialidealsfromthematerialofmyths,whilefairytalesprovidepatternsofbehaviormodeledontheseideals.Theseweretheimagesoftheunconqueredheroes,whoselifehistoryshowedthatitisnotbeneaththedignityofthestrongesttocleanthefilthieststable.

1.TheauthorcitedDickensinorderto______.

2.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat______.

3.TheauthoridentifiedallofthefollowingasbenefitschildrenderivefromfairytalesEXCEPT______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,today’schildrenseldomexperiencefairytalesintheoriginalbecausetheseliteraryformsare______.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.callattentiontoapersonwhobeganbywritingfairytales

B.supporttheauthor’sscornforthosewhoadaptfairytalesforfilmsandtelevision

C.provetheformativeinfluenceoffairytalesonwriters

D.provideanexampleofonewhounderstandstheimportanceoffairytalestochildren

問題2選項

A.mostfairytalesaresuccessstories

B.childrenlearntheirmorallessonfromfairytales

C.mostfairytalesaretoodifficultforchildrentocomprehend

D.childrenoftenidentifythemselveswiththecharactersinfairytales

問題3選項

A.expressingcomplexissuesinlanguagechildrencanunderstand

B.servingasintroductionstocomplexquestionsbyrewardinglifestyles

C.teachingchildrenthewisdomoffacingriskstoachievemorefulfillinglives

D.improvingachild’simaginationthroughmodelsofvividimagery

問題4選項

A.nolongeravailable

B.notunderstandabletochildren

C.shortenedtoentertaining

D.norelevanttotheconcernsofcontemporarychildren

問題5選項

A.Manyoftoday’schildrenlacktheimportantsocializinginfluenceofmythsandfairytales.

B.Fairytalesprovidemodelsforhumanfeelingsandarethereforeessentialtothegrowthofchildren.

C.Thebestwaytotameachild’sunconsciousbeingistoallowhimtoexperiencefairytales.

D.Thediminishingimportanceoftheroleoffairytalesinchilddevelopmentexplainstoday’sproblems.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.作者意圖題。文章開頭提到“CharlesDickens,likemillionsofchildrenallovertheworldthroughouttheages,wasenchantedbyfairytales.Heacknowledgedthedeepformativeimpactthatthewondrousfiguresandeventsoffairytaleshelpschildrenbetterthananythingelseintheirmostdifficult,yetmostimportantandsatisfyingtask...（查爾斯?狄更斯，就像那個時代世界上數(shù)百萬的孩子一樣，為童話故事所陶醉。他承認(rèn)童話故事中奇妙的人物和事件對孩子們的成長有著深刻的影響，在他們最困難、最重要、最令人滿意的任務(wù)中，這些人物和事件比其他任何東西都更有幫助……）”，由此可知查爾斯?狄更斯是作者引用的一個用來說明童話故事對孩子們的重要性的一個例子，所以D選項“提供一個理解童話故事對孩子重要性的例子”符合題意。A選項“引起對一個開始寫童話故事的人的注意”；B選項“支持作者對那些把童話故事改編成電影和電視的人的蔑視”；C選項“論證童話對作家的形成影響”都不如D選項更符合題意，因此D選項正確。

2.判斷推理題。第二段提到“Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.Theypromisethatifonedarestoengageinthisfearsomeandtaxingsearch,benevolentpowerswillcometoone’said,andthatonewillsucceed.（這些故事暗示，一個人即使身處逆境，也能過上美好而有意義的生活。他們承諾，如果一個人敢于進行可怕而費力的探索，仁慈的力量將會來幫助他，他就會成功。）”，由此可知童話故事大部分都是成功的故事，所以A選項“大多數(shù)童話故事都是成功的故事”符合題意。B選項“孩子們從童話中吸取道德教訓(xùn)”；C選項“大多數(shù)童話故事對孩子們來說太難理解了”以及D選項“孩子們常常認(rèn)同童話里的人物”該段落都沒有體現(xiàn)，因此A選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.（這些故事暗示，一個人即使身處逆境，也能過上美好而有意義的生活。）”可知B選項“通過獎勵生活方式來介紹復(fù)雜的問題”正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句“achievingamorematureconsciousnesstotamethechaoticpressureoftheirunconsciousness.（獲得更成熟的意識來馴服他們無意識的混亂壓力。）”可知C選項“教孩子們面對風(fēng)險的智慧，以實現(xiàn)更充實的生活”正確；根據(jù)最后一段“Thistraditionalliteraturefedchildren’simaginationandstimulatedtheirfantasies.（這種傳統(tǒng)文學(xué)豐富了孩子們的想象力，激發(fā)了他們的幻想。）”可知D選項“通過生動形象的模型來提高孩子的想象力”正確，只有A選項“用孩子們能理解的語言表達(dá)復(fù)雜的問題”文章沒有提及，因此該題應(yīng)選A選項。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Mostchildrennowmeetfairytales,iftheyencounterthematall,onlyinprettifiedversionsthatsubduetheirmeaningandrobthemofalldeepersignificance.Onecanseesuchversionsinfilmsandontelevision,wherefairytalesaretamedintoempty-mindedentertainment.（大多數(shù)孩子現(xiàn)在看到的童話，如果他們能看到的話，也只是經(jīng)過美化的版本，削弱了它們的意義，剝奪了它們所有更深層次的意義。人們可以在電影和電視上看到這樣的版本，童話故事被馴服為空洞的娛樂消遣）”，由此可知現(xiàn)在的兒童很少體驗到原始的童話故事是因為它們被削減美化成了娛樂消遣，所以C選項“削減為娛樂”符合題意。A選項“不再提供”；B選項“兒童不能理解”；D選項“與當(dāng)代兒童的關(guān)注無關(guān)”。因此C選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要闡述童話故事對兒童成長的重要性。第一段以例子說明童話故事對兒童的深刻影響；第二段描寫童話故事對兒童精神世界的影響；第三段主要分析了當(dāng)今社會兒童很少體驗到原始童話故事的問題；第四段主要說明了童話故事對兒童智力以及情感方面的影響。綜上且結(jié)合全文，B選項“童話故事為人類情感提供了模型，因此對兒童的成長至關(guān)重要”最能表達(dá)文章的主旨。A選項“當(dāng)今許多兒童缺乏神話和童話故事的重要社會影響”；C選項“馴服孩子潛意識的最好方法是讓他體驗童話故事”；D選項“童話在兒童發(fā)展中作用的重要性的下降解釋了今天的問題”都不如B選項貼合文章大意，因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

“Undernocircumstances（）theSenate'sraisingthedebtceilingwithjust50votes.”Thesenatorsaid,insistingmeaningfulspendingreformsbeforeraisingthedebtceiling.

問題1選項

A.willIagreeto

B.Iwillagreeto

C.agreetoIwill

D.Iwillagreeto

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，題目中包含倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，Undernocircumstances置于句首，句子出現(xiàn)部分倒裝，這時will應(yīng)提前到主語之前。因此本題正確答案為A選項。

13.單選題

They____themselves____thepoliticianbecausetheyhopedhewouldbecomepresidentoneday.Atlasthedid.

問題1選項

A.connected…with

B.combined…with

C.linked…with

D.attached…to

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.connected…with與某人有聯(lián)系B.combined…with使結(jié)合；兼有

C.linked…with把……連接起來；有聯(lián)系D.attached…to（~yourselftosb）和某人在一起，依附于某人

【答案】D

【考查點】語義銜接與短語辨析

【解題思路】空格部分語義為“____他們自己____政治家”，后文提到“因為希望他有一天能成為總統(tǒng)。最后他做到了?！庇纱送茢?，他們應(yīng)該是跟隨有可能成為總統(tǒng)的政治家，D選項attached…to“（~yourselftosb）和某人在一起，依附于某人”符合要求；另外，原文的形式____themselves____thepolitician也與D選項的常用形式相符合。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

【干擾項排除】

A選項connected…with“與某人有聯(lián)系”，語義和形式?jīng)]有D選項恰當(dāng)；

B選項combined…with“使結(jié)合；兼有”，不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項linked…with“把……連接起來；有聯(lián)系”，語義和形式?jīng)]有D選項恰當(dāng)。

【句意】他們依附于那位政治家，因為他們希望他有一天能成為總統(tǒng)。最后他做到了。

14.單選題

Chicago'ssegregationofminoritiesisasoldasthecityitself.TheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsoftoday'sSouthandWestsidesarelocatedinexactlythesamepartsofthecityastheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsof1910.Andfrom1930totoday,theseAfricanAmericaneighborhoodshavebeenrepresentedinCongressandinthestatehousebyAfrican-Americanpoliticians,whohavedoneverylittle(otherthanpassFederalbenefitprograms)toliftAfrican-Americansoutofpoverty.Inthe2000Census,forexample,ofthetenpoorestcensustractsintheentireUnitedStates,ninewerelocatedintheSouthandWestSideAfrican-AmericanareasruledbyAfrican-AmericancongressmenBobbyRushandJesseJacksonJr.TheconceptofWesternImperialColonialismisverypopularintheliteratureofracialexploitation.ThecontinentofAfricawasdividedupinto“colonies”bythemajorEuropeanImperialpowersinaveryshortperiodoftime:justsevenyears,from1885to1892.Previously,Britainhadseizedvastterritoriesbelongingtootherculturesforhundredsofyears.Butin20thcenturyAmericaanewtypeofcolonywasinvented:AmericanurbancoloniesinthelargemetropolitanareasfromtheMidwestandNortheasttoLosAngeles.TheseweremadepossiblebytheGreatMigrationofAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth,whichbeganduringWWI.Astheymovednorth,African-Americanswereimmediatelyconfinedtoghettoesdefinedbyracialboundaries.Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit'simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.AssoonastheAfrican-AmericanpopulationofChicagobegantoexpand,theGreatDepressionhitandputmanypersonsoutofwork.FDR'sresponsetothiswastocreatetheNewDealprogramsofwelfare,foodassistance,andsubsidizedhousing.Whilethisgreatlyhelpedunemployedpersonsofallraces,forAfrican-Americansitbegantheghettoizationoftheirpeopleintowhatcanonlybecalledurbancoloniesinthelargecitiesofthenorth.Thepatternseeninthe

20largestcitiesoftheUnitedStatesfrom1920to2010isremarkablyconsistent.In192019ofthetwentylargestcitieswerealllocatedintheNorth.Allofthesenineteencitieswerefrom92.5%to99%white.TheoneexceptionwasBaltimore,MDandthatwas85%white.Ithadaslightlylargerblackpopulationonlybecauseitwasaportofentryfortheslavetrade.Similarly,allofthesecitiessawgreatincreasesintheirblackpopulationsstartingin1920.By1990thesecitieswerefrom26to76%black.ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup,andthebigcitieswereportsofentryforEuropeanimmigrants.Soaswhitesleft,politicianswantedtomaintaintheirpopulationnumbers.

Bythe2010CensusthecitieswiththehighestblackpopulationswereDetroit,MI,whichwas83%black,andNewark,NJwhichwas52%.(Sources:CensuspaperNo.76andCensus2010Quickfacts).AndsinceinallthemajorindustrialcitiesoftheNorth,thedestinationsofjob-seekingAfrican-AmericanmigrantswerecontrolledbyDemocrats,itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty.Tragicallyallofthesecitieshaveveryhighratesofsegregation,pooreducationforAfrican-Americans;highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime.InChicago,“negrowards”astheywerethencalled,werequicklydrawnup:theirboundariesreflected(andpromoted)theracialsegregationofthetime.TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon'tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.

Furthermore,sinceLincolnfreedtheslaves,African-AmericansinChicagovotedforRepublicans,untilaDemocraticMayor,AntonCermak,tookover;firedallthethousandsofAfrican-AmericanswhoRepublicanshadgivencitygovernmentjobs,andtookovertheblackvote.SincethattimeChicago'sAfrican-Americanshavebeenrepresentedexclusivelybyblackpoliticians,andalwayslivedinpoverty.WhatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.WhatmakestheAmericanUrbanColonialismplansorevolutionaryandingeniousisthatitdoesnotrelyonagreementswithforeigngovernments;themarketpriceofironore,orcottonforprofits;butonFederalbenefitprograms.Theseprogramdollarsareinfinitelymorereliableandpoliticallystable.

1.Accordingtotheessay,Americancitieslostwhiteresidentsdueto（

）.

2.Theessaysconvincinglydemonstratesthat

（

）.

3.TheDemocraticMachineinChicagoprovidesincentivesintheformof

（

）.

4.ObamamovedtoChicagobecause

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,Americanurbancolonialismistheresultof（

）.

問題1選項

A.whitevoter'sminorityruleintheRepublicanparty

B.theinfluxofEuropeanimmigrants

C.themigratorynatureofAmericans

D.ghettoizationbyAfrican-Americans

問題2選項

A.powerismoreimportantthanpeople

B.whiteAmericansareessentiallyracist

C.theCivilWarwasfoughtfornothing

D.slavetradedeterminedthefateofethnicminoritiesinAmericancities

問題3選項

A.segregationofminorities

B.highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime

C.federalbenefitprograms

D.negrowards

問題4選項

A.theblacksubmachinealreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine

B.Chicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics

C.theGreatMigrationofdirectedAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth

D.ChicagoisthemostsegregatedcityinAmerica

問題5選項

A.theghettoizationofAfrican-AmericanpeopleinAmericancities

B.thesegregationofminorities

C.thepoliticalclientelismoftheblacksubmachine

D.westernimperialcolonialisminAfrica

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由文中“ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup...這些城市沒有因為非洲裔美國人的遷入而失去了美國白人。更準(zhǔn)確地不如說美國人是一個高度迀移的群體······”可知C選項“美國人遷移的本性”正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由文中“ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.開發(fā)被城市民主黨人作為一種操縱居民且讓自己掌權(quán)的方式來宣傳?！笨芍狝項“權(quán)力比人民更重要”正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。由文中“·...itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty...非常明顯的是這些巨大的城市貧困區(qū)是由那一個政黨造成并保持的。”和“WhatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.讓芝加哥黑人子機構(gòu)成為可能的是芝加哥已有一個民主黨機構(gòu)。開發(fā)被城市民主黨人作為一種操縱居民且讓自己掌權(quán)的方式來宣傳。”的對應(yīng)可推知A項“對少數(shù)民族進行種族隔離”正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。由文中“TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon’tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.他們（即芝加哥黑人）的政治代表是非洲裔美國人，他們被期待去將自己的選票投給民主黨。大多數(shù)美國人不知曉芝加哥是黑人政治中心?！笨芍狟選項“芝加哥是黑人政治的中心”正確。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。題目詢問“美國城市殖民主義是······的結(jié)果”。由文中“Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit’simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.沒有人懷疑這種種族隔離（即‘Americanurbancolonies美國城市殖民地’現(xiàn)象）被有意地進行，但是認(rèn)識到它不是由芝加哥（其從未有過奴隸）居民的種族主義態(tài)度而是由執(zhí)政的政治精英造成的卻很重要?！笨芍狟項“對少數(shù)民族的種族隔離”正確。

15.翻譯題

1.Librariesotherthanthoselistedaboverequireadditionalregistrationbeforeyoucanaccesstheircollections.

2.Inthepast,heusedtotellusofhisexpeditionsthroughthewoodsandfieldsroundhishome,andhowheexploredthesolitarybrooksandponds;andthenhedescribedthecuriousanimalsandbirdshesaw.

3.七月份中國消費物價指數(shù)與去年同期比下降了0.9%,而六月份該指數(shù)下降了0.8%。

【答案】1.除了上面列舉的圖書館外，使用其他圖書館的藏書，你還需要另行注冊。

2.以前他時常對我說關(guān)于他在他家周圍的森林和原野中探險的事，以及他怎樣找到一些偏僻的溪流和池塘的情形，然后他會描述他所見到的珍禽異獸。

3.China'sconsumerpriceindexinJulydroppedby0.9percentcomparedwiththatofthesameperiodinlastyearandtheindexfell0.8%inJune.

16.單選題

Theshowculminatedinthepresentationofthedairyprincesscrown.

問題1選項

A.began

B.included

C.ended

D.cultivated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。題目中culminate表示“使結(jié)束，達(dá)到極點，達(dá)到高潮”；A選項為“開始”；B選項為“包括，包含”；C選項為“結(jié)束；終止”；D選項為“培養(yǎng)；栽培”。根據(jù)句意可知，表演因乳品公主皇冠的介紹而達(dá)到高潮，因此C項為正確答案。

17.單選題

Mr.Taylorfeltvery（

）atthesuggestionthathehadstolenthecar.

問題1選項

A.impatient

B.indigenous

C.intolerant

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項impatient“不耐煩的”；B選項indigenous“本土的”；C選項intolerant“狹隘的”；D選項indignant“憤怒的”；根據(jù)題干“有人說泰勒先生偷了那輛車”，可知泰勒先生會覺得indignant“憤怒的”。故正確答案選D。

18.單選題

Wantingto（）muchandworkingharderthaneverdonotleavemuchroomforrelationships.

問題1選項

A.preoccupy

B.feast

C.accomplish

D.predominate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。preoccupy“使全神貫注”；feast“赴宴”；accomplish“完成”；predominate“支配，主宰”。句意：想要占主導(dǎo)地位，就要比以往任何時候都更努力地工作，不要給人際關(guān)系留下太多時間。選項D符合題意。

19.單選題

Americanwomenwere______therighttovoteuntil1920aftermanyyearsofhardstruggle.

問題1選項

A.ignored

B.neglected

C.refused

D.denied

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.ignored忽視，對……不予理會B.neglected忽略，忽視

C.refused拒絕，回絕D.denied否認(rèn)，否定，拒絕承認(rèn)

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Americanwomen（美國女性）和therighttovote（投票權(quán)），結(jié)合歷史常識可知，美國女性是被拒絕給予投票權(quán)的，并且denysb.sth.是固定用法，所以該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】

A、B項不與right搭配；

C項多指拒絕邀請或者請求等。

【句意】在艱苦斗爭了數(shù)年之后，美國女性于1920年得到了一直被剝奪的投票權(quán)。

20.單選題

IthinkKimwouldbegreatforthejob.Herworkrecordis（）.

問題1選項

A.impeccable

B.enriched

C.rudimentary

D.tarnished

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：我認(rèn)為Kim可以勝任這份工作。她的工作記錄是（）。

impeccable無瑕疵的，沒有缺點的；enriched濃縮的，強化的；rudimentary基本的，殘遺的

未發(fā)展的；tarnished生銹的，有污點的。選項A符合句意。

21.單選題

Americansloveajuicystory.Wewantintimatedetails,andthemediaishappytocomply,butweforgetthatpeople’slivesareatstake.Acrimeisnotaformofentertainmentfromwhichtoderiveperversepleasure.Itisthefailureofapersontoliveuptohisorherobligationsasalaw-abidingcitizen,andtilemediashouldreportitassuch.

Recently,severalmajorcrimeshavebeensensationalized.Asfarasthemediaisconcerned,themoregruesomethecrime,thebetter.TaketheMenedezbrothers’caseorthetrialofthepolicemenwhobeatRodneyKing.Ifafamouspersonisaccused,membersofthepressappeartosmacktheirlipsandwritingtheirhandsinanticipation.Insertsexorrace,asintheO.J.Simpsonmurdertrial,andthejournalists’oddestdreamscometrue.Butsuchexploitationisnotharmlessentertainment.IttearsatthecoreoftheAmericanJudicialsystemafairtrialbyanimpartialjury.Ajurorissupposedtobeobjectiveandhasnopreconceivedopinionabouttheguiltorinnocenceoftheaccused:however,themedia’sbombardingthepublicwithinformationaboutacrimetrueorotherwisemakesfindingtwelvepeoplewhohavenoopinionaboutitnearlyimpossible.

IntheMenendezcase,forexample,twobrotherswereaccusedofmurderingtheirparents.Initially,thiscasereceivedmediaattentionbecausethevictims’childrenwereaccusedofthemurders;however,whenthebrothersclaimedtheykilledtheirparentsbecausetheyhadbeenmolestedbythem,thepressreallywentwild.Formonthsbeforethetrial,everypaperandnewsprogramcontainedsomethingaboutthecrime.Onlythenwasthejuryselected.Thus,eventhoughnoproofwaseverfoundtosupportthebrothersallegationsofmolestation,theirtrialsendedinhungjuries.

TheRodneyKingincidentgainednationalattentionwhenavideotapeoftheraciallymotivatedbeatingwasshownontelevision.Inthebeginning,thefactsabouttheincidentwerereported,butastimewentoninformationonRodneyKing’spersonallifewaspublicized,Mr.Kingwasportrayedasasleazyex-convictfromtheghettowhodeservedwhathappenedtohimbecausehehadresistedarrest.Inreality,RodneyKingwasthevictiminthiscrime,andhispersonallifehadnothadtodowithhisbeingsoseverelybeaten.However,thepresschosetomakehispersonallifeanissue.Asresult,attheendofthefirsttrial,thepoliceofficers,whohadbeencaughtonvideotapekickingandpunchingMr.