考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧波城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧波城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

WheneverIhearaweatherreportdeclaringit’sthehottestJune10onrecordorwhatever,Ican’ttakeittooseriously,because“ever”reallymeans“aslongastherecordsgohack”,whichisonlyasfarasthelate1800s.Scientistshaveotherwaysofmeasuringtemperaturesbeforethat,though—notforindividualdates,buttheycantelltheaveragetemperatureofagivenyearbysuchproxymeasurementsasgrowthmarksincorals,depositsinoceanandlakesediments,andcoresdrilledintoglacialice.Theycanevenusedrawingsofglaciersastherewerehundredsofyearsagocomparedwithtoday.

Andinthemostcomprehensivecompilationofsuchdatatodate,saysanewreportfromtheNationalResearchCouncil,itlooksprettycertainthatthelastfewdecadeshavebeenhotterthananycomparableperiodinthelast400years.That’sablowtothosewhoclaimthecurrentwarmspellisjustpartofthenaturalupanddownofaveragetemperatures—afrequentassertionoftheglobal-warming-doubterscrowd.

Thereportwastriggeredbydoubtsaboutpast-climateclaimsmadelastyearbyclimatologistMichaelMann,oftheUniversityofVirginia(he’sthecreatorofthe“hockeystick”graphA1Goreusedin“AnInconvenientTruth”todramatizetheriseincarbondioxideinrecentyears).Mannclaimedthattherecentwarmingwasunprecedentedinthepastthousandyears—thatledCongresstoorderupanassessmentbytheprestigiousResearchCouncil.Theirconclusionwasthatathousandyearswasreasonable,butnotoverwhelminglysupportedbythedata.Butthepast400was—soresoundinglythatitfullysupportstheclaimthattoday’stemperaturesareunnaturallywarm,justasglobalwarmingtheoryhasbeenpredictingforahundredyears.Andifthere’sanydoubtaboutwhethertheseproxymeasurementsarereallylegitimate,theNRCscientistscomparedthemwithactualtemperaturedatafromthemostrecentcentury,whenrealthermometerswereinwidespreaduse.Thematchwasmoreorlessrighton.

InthepastnearlytwodecadessinceTIMEfirstputglobalwarmingonthecover,then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural”,to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.Indeed,Rep.SherwoodBoehlert,theNewYorkRepublicanwhochairstheHouseScienceCommitteeandwhoaskedforthereportdeclaredthatitdidnothingtosupportthenotionofacontroversyoverglobalwarmingscience—acontroversythatopponentskeepinsistingisalive.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydealwith?

2.Whatis“proxymeasurement”inParagraph1likelytoreferto?

3.WhatdoesthereportfromNRCindicate?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueconcerningthecontroversyaboutglobalwarming?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsglobalwarmingtheory?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thethreatofglobalwarming.

B.Themeasurementofsolvingglobalwarming.

C.Thetendencyofearth’sbecominghotter.

D.Theassessmentofearth’stemperature.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Takingadvantageofpreviouspictures.

B.Usingcluesleftfromthepast.

C.Studyingthecharacteristicsofglaciers.

D.Measuringthegrowthsignsofaquaticorganism.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theearthreachesthehighesttemperatureinthehistory.

B.Theproxymeasurementsarereliable.

C.Theearthwillbecomewarmer.

D.ItissomewhatsuspiciousofMichaelMann’sassertion.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thosesuspiciousofglobalwarmingtakeaninconsistentstanceontheissue.

B.Theargumentendsinthedefeatofglobal-warming-doubters.

C.ThenewreportfromNRCismotivatedbythecontroversyoverMichaelMann’sclaim.

D.Thosewhodoubtglobalwarmingconsiderthatwarmingisanaturalphenomenon.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Favorable.

B.Neutral.

C.Negative.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出天氣預(yù)報(bào)中說(shuō)氣溫打破最高記錄，第二段提出地球變暖的觀點(diǎn)，第三段講述NRC得出氣溫達(dá)到近400年來(lái)最高，第四段講大眾和科學(xué)家對(duì)此的爭(zhēng)論，全文都在談?wù)摰厍驓鉁卦絹?lái)越高，C選項(xiàng)“全球變暖的趨勢(shì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“全球變暖的威脅”：文中沒(méi)有提到。B選項(xiàng)“解決全球變暖的方法”和D選項(xiàng)“地球溫度的評(píng)估”：只是文章部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。proxymeasurement的意思是“替代性考核”。根據(jù)第一段第二句buttheycantelltheaveragetemperatureofagivenyearbysuchproxymeasurementsasgrowthmarksincorals,depositsinoceanandlakesediments,andcoresdrilledintoglacialice.（但他們可以通過(guò)珊瑚的生長(zhǎng)標(biāo)記、海洋和湖泊的沉積物以及冰川核等替代性考核來(lái)推測(cè)出年平均溫度。），可知這里的替代性考核采用的方法是借助地球上隨時(shí)間推移遺留下來(lái)的痕跡，B選項(xiàng)“使用過(guò)去留下的線索”正確，A選項(xiàng)“利用記錄以前情況的照片”，C選項(xiàng)“研究冰川的特征”和D選項(xiàng)“測(cè)量水生生物的生長(zhǎng)跡象”只是其中一方面的具體內(nèi)容，不足以概括總體方法。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句Theirconclusionwasthatathousandyearswasreasonable,butnotoverwhelminglysupportedbythedata.（他們的結(jié)論是，一千年的界定有一定道理，但數(shù)據(jù)支持不夠有力。），可知NRC部分同意MichaelMann的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)又有所懷疑，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)邁克爾?曼的主張有些懷疑”正確。A選項(xiàng)“地球的溫度達(dá)到了史上最高”：根據(jù)第三段第四句itfullysupportstheclaimthattoday’stemperaturesareunnaturallywarm（完全支持如今的溫度不正常的觀點(diǎn)），可知沒(méi)有提到地球的溫度達(dá)到了史上最高。B選項(xiàng)“替代性考核的方法很可靠”和C選項(xiàng)“地球會(huì)變暖”：文中沒(méi)有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句itdidnothingtosupportthenotionofacontroversyoverglobalwarmingscience—acontroversythatopponentskeepinsistingisalive.（它不支持關(guān)于全球變暖科學(xué)的爭(zhēng)論——反對(duì)者堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為這一爭(zhēng)論仍然存在。），可知這份新報(bào)告沒(méi)有偏向任何一方，爭(zhēng)論仍然存在，B選項(xiàng)“這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論以全球變暖懷疑論者落敗而告終”不符合文章內(nèi)容，為正確答案。根據(jù)第四段第一句then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural”,to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.（然后，反對(duì)它的論點(diǎn)從“它沒(méi)有發(fā)生”到“它正在發(fā)生，但這是自然的”，再到“這基本上是自然的”——現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，這種斷言也將不得不放棄。），可知對(duì)于全球變暖的這個(gè)話題的觀點(diǎn)一直在變化，A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)全球變暖的不贊同態(tài)度前后矛盾”符合文章內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第三段第一句Thereportwastriggeredbydoubtsaboutpast-climateclaimsmadelastyearbyclimatologistMichaelMann（這份報(bào)告是由弗吉尼亞大學(xué)的氣候?qū)W家MichaelMann去年提出的關(guān)于過(guò)去氣候變化的質(zhì)疑引發(fā)的。），可知對(duì)MichaelMann觀點(diǎn)的質(zhì)疑促使NRC做這份報(bào)告，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)MichaelMann斷言的爭(zhēng)議讓NRC做這份新報(bào)告”符合文章內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第二段第二句That’sablowtothosewhoclaimthecurrentwarmspellisjustpartofthenaturalupanddownofaveragetemperatures—afrequentassertionoftheglobal-warming-doubterscrowd.（對(duì)于那些聲稱目前的暖期只是平均氣溫自然變化的一部分的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)打擊——全球變暖懷疑論者經(jīng)常這樣斷言。），可知不贊同全球變暖的人認(rèn)為地球平均氣溫變化是自然的，D選項(xiàng)“那些不贊同全球變暖的人認(rèn)為變暖是一種自然現(xiàn)象”符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段第一句then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural,”to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.（然后，反對(duì)它的論點(diǎn)從“它沒(méi)有發(fā)生”到“它正在發(fā)生，但這是自然的”，再到“這基本上是自然的”——現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，這種斷言也將不得不放棄。），可知作者不認(rèn)同地球變暖是自然現(xiàn)象的觀點(diǎn)，贊同地球變暖的理論，A選項(xiàng)“贊同”正確；B選項(xiàng)“中立”，C選項(xiàng)“否定”和D選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thereisageneral______thatpouringoldwineintothesamebottlesisthewrongwaytogo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.census

C.censorship

D.conscience

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“一致；輿論；合意”；B選項(xiàng)census“人口普查，人口調(diào)查；（官方的）統(tǒng)計(jì)，調(diào)查”；C選項(xiàng)censorship“審查制度；審查機(jī)構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)conscience“道德心，良心”。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，把陳年的酒倒進(jìn)同一個(gè)瓶子里是錯(cuò)誤的做法。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

TheyearsfollowingthepublicationofDarwin’sworkhaveseenafabulousdevelopmentofgeneralandhumanpaleontology.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinctive

B.parallel

C.marvelous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.distinctive獨(dú)特的，特別的B.parallel極相似的，同時(shí)發(fā)生的

C.marvelous極好的，非凡的D.unique獨(dú)特的，罕見(jiàn)的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】fabulous的意思為“極好的，絕妙的；很大的，巨大的”，用來(lái)形容development，指的是古生物學(xué)和人類古生物學(xué)發(fā)展得特別好，非常迅速，marvelous與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】在達(dá)爾文發(fā)表著作幾年后，古生物學(xué)和人類古生物學(xué)都取得了驚人的進(jìn)展。

4.單選題

TeadrinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.

TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.

AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.

Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchess(公爵夫人)foundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro’clockstoppedhergetting“asinkingfeeling”asshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithherandso,tea-timewasborn.

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?

2.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

3.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain（）.

4.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause（）.

5.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.

B.TeareachedBritainfromHolland.

C.TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.

D.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain

B.howteabecameapopulardrinkinBritain

C.howtheBritonsgotthehabitofdrinkingtea

D.howtea-timewasborn

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ineighteenthcentury

B.insixteenthcentury

C.inseventeenthcentury

D.inthelateseventeenthcentury

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ittastedlikemilk

B.ittastedmorepleasant

C.itbecameapopulardrink

D.peopletriedtocopythewayMadamedeServingedranktea

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.afamousFrenchlady

B.theancientChinese

C.theuppersocialclass

D.peopleinHolland

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.茶葉在商店里買(mǎi)不到，甚至那些買(mǎi)得起的人也是從荷蘭寄過(guò)來(lái)，只是因?yàn)檫@是一件時(shí)髦的珍品?！庇纱丝芍?，茶葉是從荷蘭進(jìn)入英國(guó)的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文前半部分討論了英國(guó)人對(duì)茶的引進(jìn)和認(rèn)識(shí)，后半部分講到了英國(guó)人對(duì)茶的喜愛(ài)，所以總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這篇文章主要是討論了英國(guó)人喝茶的歷史。選項(xiàng)A最能概括全文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.與此同時(shí)，（歐洲）大陸上的人們?cè)絹?lái)越喜歡茶。”這里的時(shí)間即上一段提及的17世紀(jì)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEngland…因?yàn)樗侨绱藗ゴ蟮囊晃慌?，她的朋友們認(rèn)為他們必須模仿她做的每件事，所以他們喝茶的時(shí)候也加牛奶。慢慢地，這個(gè)習(xí)慣傳到了英國(guó)……”由此可知，歐洲人之所以喝加了牛奶的茶，是模仿MadamedeServinge夫人喝茶的方式，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是“英國(guó)人喝茶的習(xí)慣主要是受什么的影響？”根據(jù)上一題可知，英國(guó)人喝茶的習(xí)慣主要是受到一位法國(guó)夫人的影響，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decreases

B.contracts

C.constringes

D.shrinks

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)decrease“減少”，B項(xiàng)contract“收縮”，C項(xiàng)constringe“使收斂”，D項(xiàng)名詞shrink“縮水”；句意：我不敢洗那件襯衫，怕它會(huì)縮水。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thispaintingperfectly（）theimpressionisticstyle,whichwassopopularatthetime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.examines

B.exemplifies

C.extracts

D.exempts

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。“examine檢查，調(diào)查”；exemplify“例證，例示”；extract“提取，摘錄”；exempt“免除，豁免”。句意：這幅畫(huà)完美地例證了在那個(gè)時(shí)期非常流行的印象派風(fēng)格。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.

Today’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.

Atthesametime,theshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritain,thelatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic—anextensiveepidemic—whichstartedintheUS,hasnowspreadtoEurope,Australia,CentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.

Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyobeseandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.

Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuelingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdisease.Anaveragelyobeseperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyobesepersonbymanymore.

ProfPrenticesaid:“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?”Theanswerisyes-andno.Yes,whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeinterms,ofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.

9.Whatdoestheword“sedentary”(Para.2)mean?

10.WhichstatementisTRUE?

11.AccordingtoProfPrentice,whatarethereasonsforthechangeinourshape?

12.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger”?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sittingmostoftime.

B.Eatingtoomuch.

C.Studyingveryhard.

D.Thinkingpassively.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38in.

B.Theaveragewaistsizeforawomanis30in.

C.Inthemid-Eighties,morethanhalfmillionunder-16sintheUKareclassedasoverweight.

D.TheobesitypandemichasnowspreadtoSouthAmerica.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Weeattoomuchandrefusetodophysicalexercises.

B.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandtechnologydevelopsfast.

C.High-energyfoodsarethemaindietandweusetechnology.

D.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandweconsumelessenergy.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Answeringthequestion“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren?”

B.Thedoughnutandburgershouldbebanned.

C.Weshouldleadahealthylife.

D.Weshouldbegindieting.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】9.詞義推測(cè)題。定位在第二段Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.（來(lái)自倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院的安德魯?普倫蒂斯教授說(shuō)，高脂肪的快餐飲食加上以電視和電腦為主的……的生活方式可能意味著孩子會(huì)悲劇性地在年輕時(shí)死去。）降低體重的方式一是要控制飲食，二就是需要鍛煉運(yùn)動(dòng)。而現(xiàn)在的人們吃著高脂肪的快餐做著以電視和電腦為主的工作，由此可知這樣的生活方式是宅的，缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)的。因此A選項(xiàng)“大部分時(shí)間坐著”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“吃得太多”，C選項(xiàng)“非常努力的學(xué)習(xí)”，D選項(xiàng)“消極地思考”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選A。

10.推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.（僅僅在英國(guó)，就有100多萬(wàn)16歲以下的兒童被歸為超重或者肥胖，比80年代中期多了一倍）可以了解到英國(guó)16歲以下兒童被歸于肥胖的人數(shù)大大地增加了。因此C選項(xiàng)“在80年代中期，超過(guò)50萬(wàn)16歲以下的英國(guó)兒童被歸類為超重?！闭_，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“男人的平均腰圍是36-38英寸”，B選項(xiàng)“女人的平均腰圍是30英寸”并未指出這只是存在于英國(guó)的現(xiàn)象，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“肥胖現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)蔓延到南美洲”，文中未提到南美洲是否也有肥胖問(wèn)題，可排除。故選C。

11.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第四段ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.（普倫蒂斯教授說(shuō)，導(dǎo)致我們體形變化的原因是現(xiàn)代生活中高熱量食物隨處可見(jiàn)，隨手可得，而科技的發(fā)展使得人們每天消耗的熱量卻大大減少。），由此可知，在教授看來(lái)引起肥胖的原因與吃高熱量的食物和人們每天消耗的熱量減少有關(guān)。高熱量和低消耗才是主要原因。因此D選項(xiàng)“高能量的食物很容易得到，我們消耗的能量更少”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“我們吃得太多，拒絕做體育鍛煉”，B選項(xiàng)“高能量食物很容易獲得，科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展很快”，C選項(xiàng)“高能量食物是主要的飲食而且我們使用科技”均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

12.推理判斷題。最后一段先提出問(wèn)題Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?（所以孩子們的壽命，會(huì)像最近的美國(guó)肥胖的專家聲稱的那樣，比他們的父母還短嗎？）并且回答到答案不確定yes-andno（既是又不是），隨后說(shuō)明是的情況whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese（當(dāng)后代變得非常肥胖時(shí)）。而最后一句SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.（所以，就讓我們向甜甜圈和漢堡包說(shuō)不。）這里不是回答開(kāi)始的問(wèn)題，而是呼吁人們要有健康的生活方式遠(yuǎn)離肥胖，不是要禁止油膩食物，也不是要人們一起減肥。因此C選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)健康的生活”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“回答父母會(huì)比孩子長(zhǎng)壽嗎？這個(gè)問(wèn)題”，B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該禁止甜甜圈和漢堡包”，D選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該開(kāi)始節(jié)食”均不符合題意，故選C。

8.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我們將高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏的旗幟，維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益。我們將加強(qiáng)與各主要大國(guó)協(xié)調(diào)合作，建設(shè)良性互動(dòng)、合作共贏的大國(guó)關(guān)系。中國(guó)愿與國(guó)際社會(huì)一道，為人類和平與發(fā)展事業(yè)不懈努力！

【答案】Wewillholdhighthebannerofpeace,development,cooperationandmutualbenefitandsafeguardnationalsovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests.Wewillstrengthencoordinationandcooperationwithmajorpowerstobuildamajorpowerrelationshipfeaturingbenigninteractionandwin-wincooperation.Chinaisreadytoworktirelesslywiththeinternationalcommunityforthecauseofpeaceanddevelopmentofmankind!

9.單選題

Shefeltthatshewastoo（

）withproblemstobeabletostudyproperly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.burdened

B.tired

C.grieved

D.disturbed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。burdened“背負(fù)的”；tired“疲倦的”；grieved“悲傷的”；disturbed“打攪的”。句意：她覺(jué)得自己背負(fù)著太多問(wèn)題而不能正確學(xué)習(xí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。too···to···“太······而不能······”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

She’scute,noquestion.Symmetricalfeatures,flawlessskin,lookstobe22yearsold-enteringanymeat-marketbar,awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.ButwhenVictorJohnstonpointsandclicks,thefaceonhiscomputerscreenchangesintoastateofsuperheated,crystallizedbeauty.“Youcanseeit.It’sjustsoextraordinary,”saysJohnston,aprofessorofbiopsychologyatNewMexicoStateUniversitywhosoundsalittleinlovewithhiscreation.

Thetransformationfromprettywomantoknee-weakeningbabeisallthemoreamazingbecausethechangeswroughtbyJohnston’ssoftwareare,objectivelyspeaking,quitesubtle.Hecreatedtheoriginalfacebydigitallyaveraging16randomlyselectedfemaleCaucasianfaces.Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedthewaysinwhichfemalefacesdifferfrommalefaces,creating,inhuman-beauty-sciencefield,a“hyper-female".Theeyesgrewabitlarger,thenosenarrowedslightlyandthelipsplumped.Theseareshiftsofjustafewmillimeters,butexperimentsinthiscountryandScotlandaresuggestingthatbothmalesandfemalesfind“feminized”versionsofaveragedfacesmorebeautiful.

Johnstonhatchedthislittlemovieaspartofhisongoingstudyintowhyhumanbeingsfindsomepeopleattractiveandothershomely.Hemaynothaveanyrock-solidanswersyet,butheisfarfromaloneinattemptingtoapplyscientificinquirytosoambiguousasubject.Aroundtheworld,researchersaremarchingintoterritoryformerlystakedoutbypoetsandpainterstouncovertheunderpinningsofhumanattractiveness.

Theresearchresultssofararesurprisingandhumbling.Numerousstudiesindicatethathumanbeautymaynotbesimplyintheeyeofthebeholderoranarbitraryculturalartifact.Itmaybeancientanduniversal,wroughtthroughagesofevolutionthatrewardedreproductivewinnersandkilledofflosers.Ifbeautyisnottruth,itmaybehealthandfertility:HalleBerry'sflawlessskinmayfascinatemoviegoersbecause,atsomedeeplevel,itpersuadesusthatsheisparasite-free.

Humanattractivenessresearchisarelativelyyoungandcertainlycontentiousfield—theallureofhyper-females,forexample,isstillhotlydebated—butthoseonitsfrontlinesagreeononepoint:Wewon'tconquer“l(fā)ooks-ism”untilweunderstanditssource.AspsychologistNancyEtcoffputsit:“Theideathatbeautyisunimportantoraculturalconstructistherealbeautymyth.Wehavetounderstandbeauty,orwewillalwaysbeenenslavedbyit.”

1.Thewomandescribedintheverybeginningofthetextis（

）.

2.VictorJohnstonsynthesizedanewfacebycombiningthefeaturesof16

（

）.

3.ThoughafewtinychangesmadebyJohnston,thesynthesizedfacebecameevenmore

（

）.

4.VictorJohnstonhasproducedsuchanattractivefaceinorderto

（

）.

5.Paragraph4suggeststhathumanbeautymaybe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.infactinherlatetwenties

B.Johnston'sidealgirlfriend

C.astunningbeauty

D.isaprofessionalprostitute

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.beautifulEuropeanwomen

B.casuallychosenwhitewomen

C.differentwomenaroundtheworld

D.ordinarywesternwomen

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.masculine

B.average

C.feminine

D.neutral

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.givehiscomputerabeautifulscreen

B.studythemythofhumanattractiveness

C.provethehumancapacitytocreatebeauties

D.understandwhyCaucasianfacesarespecial

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.culturallydifferent

B.adisease-freeidol

C.dependentonindividual

D.avalueagreedbytheworld

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段中第一句“awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.—有幸擁有這樣一副姣好面容的女子，其回頭率一定會(huì)是百分百的。”可知C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)絕色美女”正確；而A選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上己經(jīng)快30歲了”、B選項(xiàng)“約翰斯頓理想的女朋友”及D選項(xiàng)“是一位職業(yè)妓女”文中都未提到，排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是‘維克多?約翰斯頓合成了一張新面孔，結(jié)合了16歲…….特征’。由第二段中第二句“bydigitallyaveraging16randomlyselectedfemaleCaucasianfaces通過(guò)數(shù)字地平均16個(gè)任意選擇的女性白種人的面容”確定B選項(xiàng)“隨便選擇的白人女性”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是‘盡管約翰斯頓做了一些微小的改變，合成的臉變得更加…’。由第二段中第三句“Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedthewaysinwhichfemalefacesdifferfrommalefaces,creating,inhuman-beauty-sciencefield,a“hyper-female".然后，計(jì)算機(jī)程序?qū)ε悦婵撞煌谀行悦婵椎牡胤竭M(jìn)行夸張?zhí)幚?，從而在人類美容科學(xué)的領(lǐng)域中創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)‘超女性’”可知C選項(xiàng)“女性的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男性的”、B選項(xiàng)“平均的”和D選項(xiàng)“中立的”均不符合文意。

4.推理判斷題。題干意思是‘維克多?約翰斯頓制造出這樣一張迷人的臉是為了…’由第三段中第一句“Johnstonhatchedthislittlemovieaspartofhisongoingstudyintowhyhumanbeingsfindsomepeopleattractiveandothershomely.約翰斯頓將此做成了一部電影短片，這是他正在進(jìn)行研究的一部分：我們?yōu)槭裁从X(jué)得一些人長(zhǎng)相漂亮，二另一些人則相貌平平呢？”可知B選項(xiàng)“研究人類魅力的神話”正確。

5.推理判斷題。題干意思是‘第4段指出，人類的美可能是…’由第四段中最后一句“Itmaybeancientanduniversal,wroughtthroughagesofevolutionthatrewardedreproductivewinnersandkilledofflosers.它（即人類的美）可能是歷史久遠(yuǎn)且普遍存在的，由千百年的進(jìn)化演變而來(lái)，成者為王，敗者為寇”確定D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)世界同意的價(jià)值”正確。

11.單選題

TheEastandtheWestcanworktogetherfortheir（）benefitandprogress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.common

B.mutual

C.same

D.cooperative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)common“普通的；一般的”，B選項(xiàng)mutual“共同的；相互的，彼此的”，C選項(xiàng)same“同樣的；一樣的”，D選項(xiàng)cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；原句：東西方可以為各自的（）利益和進(jìn)步而共同努力。通過(guò)帶入A、B、C、D可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子想要表達(dá)的意思是：共同的利益，而mutual是最能體現(xiàn)這個(gè)含義的，它有各自為戰(zhàn)，卻又有共同之處的含義，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Thegrowthofpopulationduringthepastfewcenturiesisnoproofthatpopulationwillcontinuetogrowstraightupwardtowardinfinityanddoom.Onthecontrary,demographichistoryoffersevidencethatpopulationgrowthhasnotbeenatallconstant.Accordingtopaleo-ecologistEdwardDeevey,thepastmillionyearsshowthreemomentouschanges.Thefirst,arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.Butwhenthenewpowerfromtheuseoftoolshadbeenexploited,therateofworldpopulationgrowthfellandbecamealmoststable.

Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.

Thesetwoepisodessuggestthatthethirdgreatchange,thepresentrapidgrowth,whichbeganintheWestbetween250and350yearsago,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.Ofcourse,thecurrentknowledgerevolutionmaycontinuewithoutforeseeableend.Eitherway—contrarytopopularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth—populationcanbeexpectedinthelongruntoadjusttoproductivity.Andwhenonetakesthisview,populationgrowthisseentorepresenteconomicprogressandhumantriumphratherthansocialfailure.

1.Inthepassage,whendidthefirstsignificantdemographicchangeoccur?

2.Whatdidhumanbeingslearntodowhenthe2nddemographicchangetookplace?

3.Whatisfoundtohavecloserelationshipwithrapidincreaseinpopulation?

4.Whatcanbeconcludedwhenthecurrenttideofknowledgerevolutionebbs?

5.Whatistheconceptmostpeoplehaveonpopulationgrowth?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Threetofourcenturiesago.

B.Tenthousandyearsago.

C.Atatimewhensteamedenginewasinvented.

D.Atatimewhenhumanbeingsbegantousetools.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tousestone.

B.Toplanttheearth.

C.Tobuildaircraft.

D.Toderiveautomobiles.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Warbetween2centuries.

B.Waysdiscoveredtoincreaseproductivity.

C.Migrationfromacontinenttoanothercontinent.

D.Anewreligionbeginningtobeacceptedbypeople.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Productivitywillrise.

B.Productivitywillreceivenoimpact.

C.Populationgrowthwillslowdown.

D.Populationgrowthwillbecomeaccelerated.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepopulationisalwaysinconstantgeometricgrowth.

B.Rapidgrowthisfollowedbystablegrowth.

C.Deceleratedgrowthisfollowedbyadecline

D.Nogrowthatall.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.”公元前100萬(wàn)年左右，人口迅速增長(zhǎng)，伴隨著工具制造的創(chuàng)新和工具的使用。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.”第二次人口的快速增長(zhǎng)大約始于一萬(wàn)年前，那時(shí)人們開(kāi)始放牧、犁地和種地。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.”當(dāng)最初的生產(chǎn)力增長(zhǎng)再次被吸收后，人口增長(zhǎng)率又降低了。由此推斷，人口的增長(zhǎng)和生產(chǎn)力的提高有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“thepresentrapidgrowth,...,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.”如果技術(shù)創(chuàng)新開(kāi)始減少，當(dāng)前人口的快速增長(zhǎng)也可能放緩。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“...popularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth...”選項(xiàng)A與原文相符。

13.單選題

Thepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussed,whenthecongressisin（）againnextspring.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assembly

B.session

C.conference

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)assembly“集會(huì)；集合”；B選項(xiàng)session“會(huì)議；（法庭的）開(kāi)庭；（議會(huì)等的）開(kāi)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)conference“會(huì)議；協(xié)商”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“符合習(xí)俗的；慣例的”。句意：污染問(wèn)題，還有其他幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，將于明年春季代表……再次召開(kāi)時(shí)討論。根據(jù)前面的介詞in可知空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞，做thecongress“代表大會(huì)”的表語(yǔ)。由此可排除D選項(xiàng)。conference為正式用詞，一般指大型會(huì)議，各國(guó)之間的協(xié)商、會(huì)談等。assembly多指一個(gè)通常有許多人參加、計(jì)劃好的，為某一特殊目的而召集的會(huì)議。session一般指議會(huì)等召開(kāi)的正式會(huì)議，也可指法庭之休庭期，會(huì)議之會(huì)期。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞again“再一次”，說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的會(huì)議已經(jīng)結(jié)束，需要等到下一個(gè)會(huì)期再進(jìn)行討論，insession“會(huì)議期”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan（

）thesoundfromtheradio.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensify

B.amplify

C.enlarge

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。intensify意為“加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)化”；amplify意為“放大，擴(kuò)大”，一般指聲音的放大；enlarge意為“擴(kuò)大