考研考博-英語-天津濱海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津濱海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Duringthemid-1840s,from1845-1848,thepotatocropinIrelandfailed,creatingafaminethatravagedthepopulation.Thisevent,theGreatFamine,wasoneofthemostsignificanteventsinthe8000-yearhistoryofthisislandnation,andtheeffectsofitcontinuetohaunttheIrish,boththosewhostillliveinIrelandandthosewholiveintheUnitedStates.ThemostimmediateeffectofthefaminewasthedramaticdeclineintheIrishpopulation—eitherthroughdeathfromstarvationanddiseaseorthroughemigrationtoothercountries.

InIreland,thepotatohadhistoricallybeenthemainstayofthedietofalargeproportionoftheruralpopulation.Highlynutritional,thepotatowaseasytoplantandeasytoharvest.Ifafamilyofsixhadoneacreofland,itcouldgrowapotatocropthatwouldfeedthemforalmostayear.However,dependenceononecrophaditsdownsideaswell.Potatoescouldnotbestoredforlong,andfarmerswhohadgrownsoaccustomedtodealingwiththisonecropneglectedtoplantothercropsasahedgeagainstpossiblefailures.

RapidpopulationincreasesintheyearsprecedingtheGreatFaminehadcreatedacountrywhoseexpandingpopulationwasoftenpoverty-stricken.Expandingpopulation,coupledwithlandowners’lackofresponsibilitytowardtenant-farmers,ledtoasystemwheretenant-farmersfrequentlysubdividedtheirlandsothattheycouldgainabitofrentthemselves.Consequently,theruralareasweredottedwithsmallplotsofland,mostofwhichwereusedforpotatofarming.Priortothefamine,urbanareasinIrelandwerealsoexperiencingeconomicdistressbecauseofadeclineinIrishindustrythatresultedinunemploymentandpovertyincitiessuchasDublin.

In1845,theyearthefaminebegan,agoodpotatocropwasexpected,soitcameasagreatsurprisewhennearlyhalfofthecropofthecountryfailedbecauseofablightthathadcomefromNorthAmerica.Thisparticularblightwasunusualinasmuchaswhenthepotatowasdugfromtheground,itappearedtobehealthy;itwasonlyafteradayortwothatthepotatobegantorot.

Despitethefactthatonlyhalfthecropfailedin1845,starvationanddiseaseplaguedtheentirecountrybecausemanystarvingpeople,someofwhomwereinfectedwithcontagiousdiseases,roamedthecountrysidelookingforfoodandspreadingdisease.Then,in1846,thecropfailedcompletely.In1847,therewasanotherpartialfailure,butbecausepeoplehadeatentheirseedpotatoesin1846,thecropwasmuchsmallerin1847.Thenagainin1848,thecropfailedcompletely.

Asifthecropfailureswerenotenough,otherfactorsaffectedtheseriousnessofthesituation.Variouscontagiousdiseasessuchastyphus,dysentery,andseveraldifferenttypesoffeverspreadrapidly.Landlordsevictedtenant-farmers,andthegovernmentdidverylittletoproviderelief.Nordidithelpthatthewinterof1846-1847wasoneofthecoldestonrecord.

Whenthefaminewasoverin1849,acholeraepidemicstruckIreland,sothatby1850thecountryfounditspopulationreducedfrom8.5millionto6.5million.Onemillionpeoplehaddiedfromdiseaseandstarvation,andonemillionhadleftIrelandforBritain,Europe,orNorthAmerica.

TheresultsoftheGreatFaminewereprofound.FarminginIrelandchangedfromaone-cropeconomytoanagriculturaleconomythatincludedlivestockandothercrops,suchasgrains.TheseedsofanimositytowardGreatBritain,whichhadnothelpedtheIrishintheirtimeofneed,weresown.Andapatternofemigrationwasestablishedthatlastsuntiltoday.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

2.Thepassageimpliesthat______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,rurallifeintheyearsbeforetheGreatFaminecanbestbedescribedas______.

4DiseaseplaguedtheIrishduringthefaminebecause______.

5.AllofthefollowingwereresultsofthefamineEXCEPTthattheIrish______.

問題1選項

A.itwasfilledwithnutrients

B.itwaseasytoplant

C.itwaseasytoharvest

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoes

問題2選項

A.dependenceononecropwassensible

B.thepotatowasnottheonlycropinIreland

C.theIrishwereahappypeople

D.dependenceononecropwasdangerous

問題3選項

A.declininginpopulation

B.harsh

C.decreasingintenant-farmers

D.expandinginfarmsize

問題4選項

A.thepotatowasdiseased

B.immigrantsbroughtdisease

C.starvingIrishcarrieddiseasefromplacetoplace

D.livingconditionswerenotsanitary

問題5選項

A.emigratedtonewlands

B.begantoraisedlivestock

C.becameangeredattheBritish

D.becameindependentfromGreatBritain

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章，除了______，土豆成為愛爾蘭人的主食有以下所有原因。

A.itwasfilledwithnutrientsA.它富含營養(yǎng)

B.itwaseasytoplantB.它很容易種植

C.itwaseasytoharvestC.它很容易獲得收成

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoesD.土壤適合種土豆

【答案】D

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段前兩句“在愛爾蘭，土豆一直是大部分農(nóng)村人口的主要食物。馬鈴薯營養(yǎng)豐富，易于種植和收獲?！笨芍炼钩蔀閻蹱柼m人的主食的原因包括營養(yǎng)豐富，易于種植以及容易獲得收成，只有D項“土壤適合種土豆”沒有提到，符合題干。因此，該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A項“它富含營養(yǎng)”、B項“它很容易種植”和C項“它很容易獲得收成”由解題思路可知，這三項屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Thepassageimpliesthat______.2.這篇文章表明______。

A.dependenceononecropwassensibleA.依賴一種作物是明智的

B.thepotatowasnottheonlycropinIrelandB.土豆并不是愛爾蘭唯一的作物

C.theIrishwereahappypeopleC.愛爾蘭人是快樂的民族

D.dependenceononecropwasdangerousD.依賴一種作物是危險的

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹的是愛爾蘭大饑荒的原因和后果，第二段第一句提到“在愛爾蘭，土豆一直是大部分農(nóng)村人口的主要食物”，也就是說愛爾蘭基本是依靠土豆這種作物生存的；然后在第三段和第四段描述了愛爾蘭1845-1848年期間的饑荒，第四段最后一句描述到“這種特殊的枯萎病很不尋常，因為當(dāng)土豆從地里挖出來的時候，它看起來是健康的；過了一兩天，土豆就開始腐爛了”可知，正是因為愛爾蘭依賴于土豆一種作物，所以當(dāng)病菌襲來的時候，他們賴以生存的作物就遭殃了，從而導(dǎo)致大饑荒；綜合理解我們可以推斷，依賴一種作物是危險的事情。因此，該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】

A項“依賴一種作物是明智的”由解題思路可知，該項屬于反向干擾；

B項“土豆并不是愛爾蘭唯一的作物”由解題思路可知，愛爾蘭依賴的是土豆一種作物，該項屬于反向干擾；

C項“愛爾蘭人是快樂的民族”在原文沒有依據(jù)能夠體現(xiàn)該項，屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Accordingtothepassage,rurallifeintheyearsbeforetheGreatFaminecanbestbedescribedas______.3.根據(jù)文章，大饑荒前幾年的農(nóng)村生活可以用______來描述。

A.declininginpopulationA.人口下降

B.harshB.殘酷的

C.decreasingintenant-farmersC.減少佃農(nóng)

D.expandinginfarmsizeD.擴大農(nóng)場規(guī)模

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息intheyearsbeforetheGreatFamine可以定位至第三段，該段描述到“在大饑荒發(fā)生前的幾年里，人口的快速增長使這個國家的人口增長往往是受貧困困擾的。不斷擴大的人口，加上土地所有者對佃農(nóng)缺乏責(zé)任感，導(dǎo)致了佃農(nóng)經(jīng)常將土地細分，這樣他們自己就能獲得一點租金。因此，農(nóng)村地區(qū)散布著小塊土地，其中大部分用于種植土豆?！?，從中可知，大饑荒前幾年，愛爾蘭農(nóng)村是非常貧困的，快速增長的人口以及土地所有者的不負(fù)責(zé)，佃農(nóng)經(jīng)常會把土地細分，綜合理解可以推斷出，大饑荒前幾年的農(nóng)村生活是非常殘酷的。因此，該題選擇B項“殘酷的”。

【干擾項排除】

A項“人口下降”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C項“減少佃農(nóng)”沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D項“擴大農(nóng)場規(guī)?！睆慕忸}思路可知，農(nóng)場規(guī)模并沒有擴大，而是被細分成了很多塊，該項屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項釋義】

4.DiseaseplaguedtheIrishduringthefaminebecause______.4.饑荒期間，疾病折磨著愛爾蘭人，因為______。

A.thepotatowasdiseasedA.土豆感染病菌了

B.immigrantsbroughtdiseaseB.移民帶來了疾病

C.starvingIrishcarrieddiseasefromplacetoplaceC.饑餓的愛爾蘭人把疾病從一個地方帶到另一個地方

D.livingconditionswerenotsanitaryD.生活條件不衛(wèi)生

【答案】C

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第一句“1845年，雖然只有一半的農(nóng)作物歉收，但饑餓和疾病仍然困擾著整個國家，因為許多挨餓的人，其中一些人感染了傳染病，在農(nóng)村四處尋找食物，傳播疾病”可知，饑荒期間，疾病折磨著愛爾蘭人是因為饑餓的愛爾蘭人把疾病從一個地方帶到另一個地方。因此，該題選擇C項“饑餓的愛爾蘭人把疾病從一個地方帶到另一個地方”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“土豆感染病菌了”，原文并沒有提到土豆感染的枯萎病能夠傳染人類，該項屬于無中生有；

B項“移民帶來了疾病”由解題思路可知，愛爾蘭人受到疾病困擾是因為愛爾蘭農(nóng)村的人們四處尋找，并不是移民導(dǎo)致的，該項屬于曲解原文；

D項“生活條件不衛(wèi)生”沒有提及，無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

5.AllofthefollowingwereresultsofthefamineEXCEPTthattheIrish______.5.以下所有的都是饑荒的結(jié)果，除了愛爾蘭人______。

A.emigratedtonewlandsA.移民到新的土地

B.begantoraisedlivestockB.開始飼養(yǎng)牲畜

C.becameangeredattheBritishC.對英國人感到憤怒

D.becameindependentfromGreatBritainD.脫離英國獨立

【答案】D

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干可以定位至最后一段，該段講到“愛爾蘭的農(nóng)業(yè)從單一作物經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榘ㄉ蠛推渌魑铮ㄈ绻任铮┰趦?nèi)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟。在愛爾蘭人需要幫助的時候，英國沒有幫助他們，于是他們對英國的敵意就埋下了種子。移民的模式一直持續(xù)到今天?！保瑥闹锌芍?，愛爾蘭饑荒導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果就是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的轉(zhuǎn)變，移民以及對英國埋下了敵意的種子。只有D項“脫離英國獨立”是沒有提到的。因此，該題選擇D項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】A項“移民到新的土地”、B項“開始飼養(yǎng)牲畜”和C項“對英國人感到憤怒”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項都是饑荒的結(jié)果，屬于反向干擾。

2.單選題

Sincethecouplecouldn't（

）theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

問題1選項

A.revise

B.resume

C.reconcile

D.repel

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。revise“更正，修改”；resume“（中斷后）重新開始”；reconcile“使和解，調(diào)解”；repel“擊退”。句意：那對夫婦不能和解分歧，所以決定離婚。C項符合題意，答案C

3.單選題

Nowadaysitismandatorytohaveatleastarudimentaryknowledgeofthenewcellchemistrytobeabletounderstandpracticalmedicaladvancesinfieldsofvirology,cancer,andhereditarydiseases.

問題1選項

A.profound

B.essential

C.multiple

D.elementary

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.profound知識淵博的，理解深刻的B.essential必不可少的，極其重要的

C.multiple數(shù)量多的，多種多樣的D.elementary初級的，基礎(chǔ)的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】rudimentary的意思為“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的”，修飾knowledge，指的是要知道新細胞化學(xué)的基本知識，elementary與之詞義相近，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】如今，要想了解病毒學(xué)、癌癥和遺傳疾病等領(lǐng)域的實際醫(yī)學(xué)進展，至少必須掌握新細胞化學(xué)的基本知識。

4.單選題

Theyartificially（）thevalueofthehousesotheycould“reduce”itandmakepeoplethinkitwasabargain.

問題1選項

A.enlarged

B.underestimated

C.raised

D.inflated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。enlarge“擴大，增大”；underestimate“低估，看清”；raise“舉起，提高”；inflate“膨脹，充氣”。句意：他們?nèi)藶榈靥Ц叻孔拥膬r格，再“低價”出售，讓人們以為這是大減價。選項C符合題意。

5.填空題

ThoseAsianAmericanswhosefamilieshavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesforseveralgenerationsresenttobesingledoutandstereotypedaspartofasupermajority.Theyfeelthattheirachievementsareonlycomparabletowhatother

A

B

C

D

immigrantgroupshavedoneinthepast.

【答案】Btobesingledout改為beingsingledout

【解析】【考查點】動詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)短語resentdoingsth.確定此處應(yīng)為beingsingledout。

【句意】那些已經(jīng)在美國生活了好幾代的亞裔美國人憤恨被孤立出來，并被定義為絕大多數(shù)的一部分。他們覺得自己的成就只能與其他移民群體過去的成就相媲美。

6.單選題

Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized（

）.

問題1選項

A.experiment

B.expertise

C.witness

D.cleverness

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項experiment“達到，實現(xiàn)”；B選項expertise“要求”；C選項witness“獲得，學(xué)到”；D選項cleverness“詢問”。句意：人們最需要的精神產(chǎn)品將是實用的智慧，而不是小聰明。選項D更符合語境。

7.單選題

Onnoaccount______toanyonewhoworksinthecompany.

問題1選項

A.mynamemustbementioned

B.mynamemustmention

C.mustmynamebementioned

D.mustmynamemention

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：無論如何不能向在公司工作的任何人提及我的名字。根據(jù)否定詞謂語句首，確定用部分倒裝，語序是否定詞+be動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+主語+剩余部分；根據(jù)myname和mention是被動關(guān)系，確定用被動語態(tài)。C選項mustmynamebementioned符合題意。其余選項用法錯誤。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Inspiteofyourlivingsofarawaywebothhopeverymuch（）.

問題1選項

A.yourcoming

B.youtocome

C.thatyoucame

D.thatyoucome

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。hope后面一般不接賓語sb.，而是直接接todosth.或that從句，由此可首先排除選項A和選項B；再根據(jù)句意“盡管你住得很遠，但我們都希望你能來”。這里使用一般現(xiàn)在時即可，不用過去時，所以選項D正確。

9.單選題

Heisbelievedtohavebeenshotbyarivalgangin（）fortheshootinglastweek.

問題1選項

A.revenge

B.reserve

C.reverse

D.remedial

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞辨析。A選項revenge“報復(fù)；替……報仇”；B選項reserve“儲備；自然保護區(qū)；預(yù)備隊；儲備金”；C選項reverse“背面；相反；倒退”；D選項remedial“治療的；補救的；矯正的”。句意：據(jù)說他是被敵對幫派射殺，為上周的槍擊案復(fù)仇。由關(guān)鍵詞“shooting槍擊”可推知“報復(fù)”符合語境，因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

___amountsofnoxiouswastesaredumpedintotheSonghuajiangRiver.

問題1選項

A.Appreciated

B.Appreciable

C.Appreciative

D.Appreciating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近字辨析。A選項Appreciated“欣賞（appreciate的ed形式）；感激；使增值；鑒別”；B選項Appreciable“可感知的；可評估的；相當(dāng)可觀的”；C選項Appreciative“感激的；賞識的；有欣賞力的；承認(rèn)有價值的”；D選項Appreciating“欣賞（appreciate的ing形式）；感激；使增值；鑒別”。句意：___數(shù)量的有毒廢物傾倒進松花江?？崭裉幮揎梐mounts這一名詞，需要填入形容詞，排除A、D選項。本句表達“相當(dāng)可觀的數(shù)量的……”，因此B選項正確。

11.翻譯題

1.HalfwaythroughthesemesterinhismarketresearchcourseatRoanokeCollegelastfall,onlymomentsafterannouncingapolicyofzerotoleranceforcellphoneuseintheclassroom,Prof.AliNazemiheardaring.ThenhespottedayoungmannamedNeilNolandfumblingwithhisphone,tryingtoturnitoffbeforebeingcaught.

“Neil,canIseethatphone?”ProfessorNazemisaid,moreinacommandthanaquestion.Thestudentsurrenderedit.ProfessorNazemiopenedhisbriefcase,producedahammerandproceededtosmashtheoffendingdevice.Throughouttheclassroom,studentfaceswentashen.

“HowamIgoingtocallmyMomnow?”Neilasked.AsProfessorNazemirefusedtoanswer,aclassmateoffered,“Dude,youcansue.”

2.Onethingweshouldbeclearaboutwastheepisodeinhisclassroomhadbeenplottedandscriptedaheadoftime,withNeilNolandpartoftheplotallalong.Thephonewasanextraofhismother’s,itsservicecontractlongexpired.

ProfessorNazemi,inatelephoneinterviewlastweek,attestedtotheexasperationofcountlessteachersandprofessorsinthecomputerera.Theirpermanentwarofattritionwithdefiantlyinattentivestudentshasescalatedfromthepursuitofpigtail-pulling,spitball-lobbingandnotebook-doodlingtoahigh-techarsenaloflaptops,cellphonesBlackberriesandthelike.

Thepoorschoolteacherormasterormasternowmustcompetewithtexting,instant-messaging,Facebook,eBay,YouTube,Addictinggames.Cornandotherpoxes(瘟疫，災(zāi)難)onpedagogy.

“Therearecertainlinesyoushouldn’tcross,”theprofessorsaid.Ifyoustarttoleratingthisstuff,itbecomesthenorm.“Themoreyougive,themoretheytake.Multitaskingisgood,butIwantthemtodomoretaskinginmyclass.”

3.Alltheadvancesschoolsandcollegeshavemadetosupposedlyenhancelearning—supplyingstudentswithlaptops,equippingcomputerlabs,creatingwirelessnetworks—haveinsteadenableddistraction.Perhapsattendancerecordsshouldincludeanewcategory:presentbutotherwiseengaged.

4.“Iamsotiredofthatexcuse,”saidProfessorBugeja,mayhelivealongandfruitfullife.Theideathatsubjectmatterisboringistrulyrelative.Boringasopposedtowhat?BuyingshoesoneBay?Thefactis,we’renotheretoentertain.Weareheretostimulatethelifeofthemind.”

“Educationrequirescontemplation,”hecontinued.“Itrequirescriticalthinking.Whatwemaybedoingnowistrainingagenerationofair-trafficcontrollersratherthanscholars.AndIdoknowI,mgoingtolose.”

Not,onecanonlyhope,withoutfight.

Intheend,asscience-fictionwritershaveprophesiedforyears,thetechnologyisboundtooutwitthefalliblehuman.Whatteacherorprofessorcanpossiblypolicearoomfullofdeterminedgoof-offs(游手好閑者)whilealsodeliveringanengaginglesson?

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）去年秋季，羅諾克學(xué)院的市場調(diào)研課業(yè)已過半。一天，阿里?納齊米教授宣布課堂上對手機實行零容忍的政策。話音剛落，他就聽到了手機的鈴聲。

（2）我們需要明白的一點是，課堂上的這段插曲事先經(jīng)過策劃并被寫成劇本。尼爾?諾蘭德始終介入了這個秘密計劃。被砸的是他母親閑置的一部手機，手機的服務(wù)合同早已滿期了。

（3）所有的中學(xué)和大學(xué)都為學(xué)生提供了筆記本電腦，配備了計算機實驗室，構(gòu)建了無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，所有這些進步原本是為了促進學(xué)習(xí)，結(jié)果反而分散了學(xué)生的注意力?；蛟S，記錄學(xué)生的考勤時，應(yīng)該再加上一欄：到課但未聽課。

（4）“這種托辭我都聽膩了，”也許會長壽且成果豐碩的布赫雅教授說，“關(guān)于課上講授內(nèi)容乏味的看法真的是相對的。相比什么它顯得枯燥無味呢？到易貝網(wǎng)上買鞋？事實上，我們來這里不是為了玩樂，而是為了提高精神境界。”

12.單選題

Theoldbeliefthattheuniverseneverchangesisquitewrong.Evenbeforetheinventionofthetelescope,astronomersnoticedthatbrightstarssuddenlyappearinthesky，andthenlaterdisappear.（1）Infactwenowknowthattheyarereallyoldstarswhichareslowlydying.Arecentcaseofanovaoccurredin1918，andoneofthefewpeoplewhosawthiswastheAmericanastronomerEdwardBarnard.Hewasdrivingalonginacar,occasionallylookingupintothesky.Suddenlyhenoticedastarthathehadneverseenbefore,andexclaimed,“Thatstarshouldnotbethere!”Hewasinfactwatchingtheexplosionofanova.

（2）Astheydoso,theyletouthugecloudsofmaterial.Sometimesaslargeastheearth,andtheseexplodeintospaceataspeedofabout8，000,000kilometersperhour.Whenthishappens,thehotterpartsofthestarbecomevisible,andthisiswhynovaearesobright.Althoughtheexplosionsarehugeonahumanscale,theyonlyconsumeasmallpartofthedyingstar’senergy.（3）Indeed,thereareevensomestarswhichexplodeonceafortnight.

Thereareotheroldstarswhichdonotdieslowly,butarecompletelydestroyedbyonegreatexplosion.（4）Theexplosionofasupernovaisequivalenttoaboutamillion,million,million,millionhydrogenbombsgoingoffatthesametime.Justbeforetheexplosionthestar’sdensitybecomeverygreatanditspinsataveryhighspeed.Amatchboxofmaterialtakenfromthestaratthattimewouldweighabout1,000tons,andthestarwouldbeturningatabout16,000,000kilometersperhour.（5）OnesupernovawhichChineseastronomersobservedin1054canstillbeseenbyustoday.Ithasbeenshiningforatleastninehundredyears.

問題1選項

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題2選項

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題3選項

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題4選項

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題5選項

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:E

【解析】（1）空格處后面一句話有兩個關(guān)鍵點，一是infact,”實際上”的意思，表示與前文（空格處所填入的句子）是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；另一個關(guān)鍵點是old的這個詞，既然前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，那么空格處會有一個與old相反的表述。綜上，Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.符合題意。

（2）空格處位于句首，因此可以考慮是一個主題句，即后面的內(nèi)容都是圍繞這個句子展開。因此需要把握整段文字的主要內(nèi)容：講述了一顆新星慢慢衰落的過程，因此Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying符合題意。

（3）空格處前面講述了恒星爆炸，空格處后一句講述的是”甚至有些恒星會每兩周爆炸一次”，言下之意是有些恒星的爆炸并不是只有一次，可能會延續(xù)很長時間，因此Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.符合題意。

（4）空格后的句子提到了一個關(guān)鍵詞supernova，因此，空格處需要將這個概念引出來。再聯(lián)系空格前一句中的otheroldstars可知Theyareknownas“supernovae.”符合題意。

（5）空格后的句子提到”中國天文學(xué)家在1054年觀測到的一顆超新星至今仍可看見”，這個例子說明超新星爆炸后仍然可以長時間發(fā)光，因此Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.符合題意。

13.單選題

Becauseofa（）intheskirt,thegirlwasabletobuyitathalfprice.

問題1選項

A.weakness

B.fault

C.flaw

D.strip

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項weakness表示“（系統(tǒng)、性格等的）缺點，劣勢；弱點；虛弱”，B選項fault表示“錯誤；故障；缺點”，C選項flaw表示“缺陷，瑕疵；性格上的缺點”，D選項strip表示“條；帶”。由句意可知，這個女孩能半價買到裙子是因為裙子有瑕疵，所以C選項詞義最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為C選項。

14.單選題

Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.Today'scorporationshirehumanengineeringspecialistsandspendaconsiderableamountoftimeandmoneytomakesurethatthephysicalenvironmentofbuildingsarefitfortheactivitiesoftheirinhabitants.

Similarly,collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksarenormallyinstraightrows,sostudentscanclearlyseeteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.

Withalittleimaginationandeffort,unlessdesksarefixedtothefloor,theteachercancorrectthesituationandcreatespacethatencouragesinterchangeamongstudents.Insmallandstandardclasses,chairs,desksandtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways:circles,U-shapes,orsemicircles.Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Largerclassesparticularlythoseheldinlecturehalls,unfortunately,allowmuchlessflexibility.

Arrangementofclassroomshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmallgroupsfordiscussionorproblem-solvingexercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehallsitispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother,thinkoutloud,andseehowotherstudentsthinkingprocessesoperate——allessentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.

Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat,studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesamesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesamescat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents'namesandfaces.

1.Deskanangementinatraditionalclassroomisassociatedwiththeideathat（

）.

2.Theexpression"stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears"(inParagraph2)isintendedtoconvey

theideathat（

）.

3.Theprimarypurposeofdeskarrangementis（

）.

4.Thegreatestadvantageinallowingeachstudenttofindhisowngroupmightbethat（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.studentsshouldnotbeactivelearnersintheclassroom

B.itisuselessforstudentstoparticipateinclassactivity

C.theteacheristhechiefknowledgesource

D.itisimportantforstudentstoseetheblackboardclearly

問題2選項

A.collegeclassroomsoftenremindyouofyourcollegelife

B.criticalthinkingwasencouragedevenacenturyago

C.ahundredyearsago,deskarrangementinaclassroomwasquitedifferent

D.thereisnotmuchchangeinthecollegeeducationalideasoverthepasthundredyears

問題3選項

A.fortheteachertodividestudentsintosmallgroups

B.tomakeitpossibleforthestudentstointeractwitheachother

C.fortheteachertofindouthowstudentsthink

D.togivestudentsopportunitiestopracticespeaking

問題4選項

A.theteachersavesthetroubleindoingthat

B.learningismadecomfortableinthisway

C.theteachercaneasilyrememberthestudents'namesandfaces

D.brighterstudentscanhelptheslowerones

問題5選項

A.Newkindsofdesksandchairsshouldbemade.

B.Manycompaniesaretryingtoimprovetheworkingsettingsfortheiremployees.

C.Interactionbetweenstudentsisessentialinthetrainingofcriticalthinking.

D.Acomfortableenvironmentleadstohigherworkingefficiency.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher(這種安排下的假設(shè)是很明顯的：所有重要信息都來自于老師)。故選C“老師是知識的主要來源”。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)"stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears”定位至第二段:Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears(我們己經(jīng)進入21世紀(jì)，但是踏入任何大學(xué)教室，你都會感覺至少回到100年之前),也就是大學(xué)教室和以前相比都沒有多大改變。故選D“100年來，大學(xué)教育的想法都沒有太多改變”。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse(主要目的是讓每個人都能見到彼此)”以及第四段中“Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother(將班級分成小團隊，可以為學(xué)生提供更多的交流機會)”可知B項“使學(xué)生能夠相互交流”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesameseat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents'namesandfaces(:我同事允許學(xué)生在前兩周的時候移動座位，直到他們發(fā)現(xiàn)相處融洽的團體。之后他便要求他們和同樣的團隊呆在同樣的位置上。這不僅能創(chuàng)造舒適的相互交流的環(huán)境，而且能幫助他熟悉學(xué)生的名字和面孔),因此B項“這樣能創(chuàng)造舒適的學(xué)習(xí)交流環(huán)境”正確。

5.判斷推理題。題目問的是下列哪個選項不正確。文章談?wù)摰氖墙淌抑凶酪蔚奈恢门欧呕蛘哒f是教室空間的恰當(dāng)安排，因此A項“應(yīng)該制作新類型的桌椅”不符合原文所述。

15.單選題

Thepolicedetectiveputtogetherthepiecesofevidencetoformone（

）account.

問題1選項

A.sensitive

B.genuine

C.expressive

D.coherent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞義辨析。sensitive“敏感的；感覺的”；genuine“真實的；真正的”；expressive“表現(xiàn)的；有表現(xiàn)力的”；coherent“連貫的；清晰的；一致的”。句意：這位警探將這些證據(jù)拼湊在一起形成一份連貫的報告。選項D符合題意。

16.單選題

Thedoor（）intoalargeroomwhichcanholdfiftypeople.

問題1選項

A.isopened

B.opens

C.hasopened

D.isopening

【答案】B

【解析】句意:門開通向一個能容納五十人的大房間。

語法題?？疾闀r態(tài)。此句陳述一個事實，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，openinto表示“通向”。

17.單選題

Theboyansweredallmyquestionswithcomplete（

）.

問題1選項

A.insurance

B.security

C.assurance

D.safety

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。insurance“保險，保險費”；security“安全，保證”；assurance“保證，擔(dān)保，確信”；safety“安全，保險”。句意：這個小男孩自信地回答了我所有的問題。選項C符合題意。

18.單選題

Withthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,aninternationalmediumofexchangeisrequired.Fromthelate1800suntilWorldWarI,mostcountriesoperatedonthegoldstandard.Goldcoinsofstandardspecificationscirculatedfreelybetweencountries,makinggoldineffectaninternationalcurrency.Thissystemprovidedanautomaticcorrectionforsometradeimbalances,butithadlittleliquidity(themoneysupplycouldnotexpandasrapidlyasrequiredbyexpandingtrade),anditwasvulnerablytoshort-termchangesinthegoldsupply.

Afterthefinancialstabilityofthe1930s，theinternationalmonetarysystemwasre-builtfollowingWorldWarIIonthegold-exchangestandard.ThevaluesofmostnationalcurrencieswerefixedinrelationtotheUSdollar,reserveswerekeptindollars,whichwouldbeexchangedondemandforgoldatasetprice($35anounceuntil1968).TheInternationalMonetaryFund,akeyinstitutionsetupunderthissystem,makesinternationalloanswithcapitalsubscribedbyitsme