考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

Beginninginthelate1960s,agrowingnumberofwomenexpressedastrongdissatisfactionwithanymarriagearrangementwherethehusbandandhiscareerweretheprimaryconsiderationsinthemarriage.

（1）Bytheendofthe1970s,forexample,considerablylessthanhalfofthewomeninoursocietystillbelievedthattheyshouldputtheirhusbandsandchildrenaheadoftheirowncareers.Inthe2000s,mostwomenintheUnitedStatesbelievethattheyshouldbeequalpartnersintheirmarriagesandthattheirhusbandsshouldhaveequalresponsibilityforchildcareandhouseholdchores.

（2）Inanequal-partnershipmarriage,thewifepursuesa

full-timejoborcareerwhichhasequalorgreaterimportancetoherhusband’s,whilethelong-standingdivisionoflaborbetweenhusbandandwifecomestoanend.Thehusbandisnolongerthemainprovideroffamilyincome,andthewifenolongerhasthemainresponsibilitiesforhouseholddutiesandraisingchildren.Husbandandwifeshareallthesedutiesequally.Poweroverfamilydecisionsisalsosharedequally.

（3）TherealityoflifeinthepresentworldisthatalthoughmostAmericanwomennowhaveanequalsayinthedecisionaffectingthefamily,theysometimesearnlessthanmenforsamework.Also,mostwomenarestillspendingmoretimetakingcareofthechildren,cooking,andcleaningthantheirhusbandsare.Manywomenareresentfulbecausetheyfeelliketheyhavetwofull-timejobs-theoneatworkandtheoneathome.Inthe1980swomenweretoldtheycould“haveitall”--fast-trackcareer,husband,children,andacleanhouse.Now,somewomenarefindingthatlifestyleexhaustingandunrewarding.（4）

Someyoungwomenarenowchoosingtostayathomeuntiltheirchildrenstartschool,butmanyotherswhowouldliketocannotaffordtodoso.Jugglingtwocareersandfamilyresponsibilitiescanbeasdifficultformenasitisforwomen,especiallyifthereistrulyanequaldivisionofduties.Americanfathersareoftenseendroppingthekidsoffatthebabysitter’sortakingasickchildtothedoctor.（5）

Somebusinessesarerecognizingtheneedtoaccommodatefamilieswherebothparentswork，thustheymayopenadaycarecenterintheofficebuilding,offerfatherspaternityleavetostayhomewiththeirnewbabiesorhaveflexibleworkinghours.Unfortunately,thesebenefitsarenotyetavailabletoall.Whileyoungcouplesstrivetoachieveequalityintheircareers,theirmarriages,andtheirparenting,societyatlargestilllacksmanyofthestructuresthatareneededtosupportthem.

【答案】1.例如，到20世紀(jì)70年代末，我們社會(huì)中仍有相當(dāng)少的婦女認(rèn)為她們應(yīng)該把丈夫和孩子放在自己事業(yè)的前面。

2.在一個(gè)平等伙伴關(guān)系的婚姻中，妻子所從事的全職工作或事業(yè)與丈夫的工作或事業(yè)是同等或更重要的，而丈夫與妻子之間的勞動(dòng)分配也結(jié)束了。

3.當(dāng)今世界的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活是，盡管大多數(shù)美國(guó)婦女現(xiàn)在在影響家庭的決定上有平等的發(fā)言權(quán)，但她們有時(shí)因同樣的工作而掙得比男人少。

4.如今，一些年輕女性選擇待在家里，直到孩子上學(xué)，但許多其他愿意這樣做的人卻負(fù)擔(dān)不起。

5.一些企業(yè)認(rèn)識(shí)到需要去幫助那些父母都上班的家庭，因此，他們可能在辦公大樓里開設(shè)日托中心，為父親們提供陪產(chǎn)假以便在家里陪伴其新出生的嬰兒或有彈性工作時(shí)間。

2.單選題

Aswecannolongerwaitforthedeliveryofourorder,wehaveto（

）it.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.postpone

B.refuse

C.delay

D.cancel

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)postpone“延遲，延期”；B選項(xiàng)refuse“拒絕，回絕”；C選項(xiàng)delay“延期，推遲”；D選項(xiàng)cancel"取消，撤銷，終止”。as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，句意是‘因?yàn)椴荒茉俚扔嗀浀乃瓦_(dá)，我們不得不取消訂單?！訢選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Priortotheelection,thecandidatehadpromisedtoimprovethelivingconditionsoftheworkers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Until

B.Dueto

C.Considering

D.Before

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Until“直到……為止”；B選項(xiàng)Dueto“由于”；C選項(xiàng)Considering“考慮到”；D選項(xiàng)Before“在……之前”。句意：在選舉之前，這位候選人曾承諾要改善工人的生活條件。劃線部分Priorto是在……之前的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thehousewasveryquiet,（

）asitwasonthesideofamountain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isolated

B.isolating

C.beingisolated

D.havingbeenisolated

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這棟房子非常安靜，由于它在山麓上而被隔離開了。后半句句子的主語(yǔ)是it,指代前面的house，house與isolate是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即“房子被隔離”，因此應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.翻譯題

1.WashingtonIrvinggraspedthisfactnearlyahundredyearsagowhenhewrote:"ThestrangerwhowouldformacorrectopinionofEnglishcharactermustgoforthintothecountry.Hemustsojourninvillagesandhamlets;hemustvisitcastles,villas,farmhouses,cottages;hemustwanderthroughparksandgardens,alonghedgesandgreenlanes;hemustloiteraboutcountrychurches,attendwakesandfairsandotherruralfestivals,andcopewiththepeopleinalltheirconditionsandalltheirhabitsandhumors.''

2.Theimpactofdecentralizationtrends,ofcourse,extendswellbeyondcities.SprawlingdevelopmentpatternsaredestabilizingmanyofthesuburbsthatsurroundAmerica'scities.Oldersuburbsareexperiencingthesamechallengesascities:failingschools,persistentcrime,andthelossofjobsandbusinessestoother,furtheroutsuburbs.Evensuburbanareasthataredevelopingrapidlyarefindingthatexplosivegrowthhasitsdrawbacks,especiallyintheformofovercrowdedschools,butalsoinlongcommutesandtheinabilityoflocalgovernmentstopayfornewroads,sewers,andotherinfrastructure.

【答案】1.華盛頓·歐文遠(yuǎn)在一百年前就把握住了這一事實(shí)。他寫道："外地人若要對(duì)英國(guó)人的性格有恰如其分的了解，就必須到鄉(xiāng)村去。他應(yīng)該在鄉(xiāng)村小住數(shù)日，參觀城堡、別墅、農(nóng)場(chǎng)房屋及村民居住的農(nóng)舍，逛逛公園、花園，沿著矮樹叢及林蔭小路溜達(dá)；他一定要在教堂里消磨一下時(shí)光，參加紀(jì)念守護(hù)神節(jié)日的活動(dòng)，看看集市，與村民同慶他們的節(jié)日，與不同場(chǎng)合的人打交道，了解他們的習(xí)慣并欣賞他們的幽默。"

2.當(dāng)然，分散化趨勢(shì)的影響遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了城市范圍。無(wú)序擴(kuò)張的發(fā)展格局破壞著全關(guān)各城市周圍許多郊區(qū)的穩(wěn)定。年代較久的郊區(qū)經(jīng)受著和市區(qū)同樣的挑戰(zhàn)：學(xué)校教育質(zhì)量每況愈下、犯罪屢禁不止、就業(yè)和商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)流失到其他更遠(yuǎn)的郊區(qū)。即使是發(fā)展迅速的郊區(qū)也出現(xiàn)了爆炸式增長(zhǎng)的弊端，尤其體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：學(xué)校過(guò)度擁擠,上下班交通耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)，當(dāng)?shù)卣疅o(wú)力出資建造新的道路、下水道和其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

6.單選題

Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto（）theproblem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relate

B.tackle

C.file

D.attach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relate“關(guān)聯(lián)”；B選項(xiàng)tackle“處理”；C選項(xiàng)file“提出”；D選項(xiàng)attach“附加”。句意：盡管許多專家一致認(rèn)為有更多的兒童超重，但是對(duì)于解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的最佳方法還存在爭(zhēng)議。本句表示解決兒童超重問(wèn)題的方法，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveionsintheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electri-callychargedparticles,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargerproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorm,earthquakeswhenwindssuchastheMistral,HamsinorSharavareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelec-tricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcom-puterdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresent,intheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue，irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsoaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes,snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpabout

unaccountably.ThishasledtheU.S.GeographicalSurveytofundanetwork,ofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffectofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/posi-tiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsbyobservingtheeffectson

themselves,oronothers，ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterallitisdebatablewhetherde-pendingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexceedingpositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Inaccordancewiththepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Accordingtothepassage,somescientistsbelievethat（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theybecomeratherbad-tempered.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.usinghome-madegoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingoncarpets

D.cleaningcomputerscreens

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.nearaparkinglot

B.closetoaslow-flowingriver

C.insomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ionizers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans.

D.Vacuumpumps.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethandependingonseismography

B.theunusualbehaviorofanimalscannotbeexplained

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographsisreliable

D.earthquakecannotbepredicted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出：Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresent,intheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.因此，B項(xiàng)“人會(huì)變得易怒”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“staticelectricity”定位至第一段：Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcom-puterdisplayscreens（也可能是由于室內(nèi)地毯或人造纖維制成的衣服或電視機(jī)、復(fù)印機(jī)或電腦顯示屏產(chǎn)生的靜電積聚所致）。因此C選項(xiàng)“在地毯上行走”是靜電產(chǎn)生的原因之一。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“negativeion”定位至第三段：Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray（產(chǎn)生這些大量負(fù)離子的自然條件是靠近大海，靠近瀑布或噴泉，或在噴灑水的任何地方，或形成噴霧劑）,因此D項(xiàng)“通過(guò)旋轉(zhuǎn)灑水車”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“negativeionsindoors”定位至最后一段：Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers.由此可知，ionizers（離子發(fā)生器）可以制造室內(nèi)負(fù)離子。A項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段指出：Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat（依靠地震知識(shí)預(yù)測(cè)地震是否比觀察貓更有效還存在爭(zhēng)議）,因此A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Althoughthegallbladderisabsentfromallcommonmembersofthedeerfamily,（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.buttheAsiaticmuskdeerhasthisorgan

B.thisorganfoundintheAsiaticmuskdeer

C.howeverthisorganisfoundintheAsiaticmuskdeer

D.thisorganisfoundintheAsiaticmusk

【答案】D

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知本題考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析，Although不能與but連用，可排除A選項(xiàng)；however與句子之間要有逗號(hào)隔開，因此可排除C選項(xiàng)。句意：雖然所有鹿家族的普通成員都沒(méi)有膽囊……，根據(jù)句意可知，D選項(xiàng)thisorganisfoundintheAsiaticmusk（這個(gè)器官在亞洲麝香中發(fā)現(xiàn)）符合句意。B選項(xiàng)缺少成分。因此答案為D選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Iteliminatesthecomplicated（

）,donothavetospendtimearoundfriends,youjustneedtositathomeandcaneasilybecompleted.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.engagement

B.date

C.itinerary

D.appointment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。engagement約會(huì)；date日期itinerary路線，旅程；appointment任命。句意：它除去了繁瑣的行程安排，不必花時(shí)間和朋友在一起，你只需要坐在家里就可以輕松完成。根據(jù)空格后的內(nèi)容可知，空格處應(yīng)填C。

10.單選題

Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Formanythousandsofyearsitwastheonefieldofawarenessaboutwhichhumanshadanythingmorethanthevaguestofinsights.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants,butfromwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexist,adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Thisislogical.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthings,evenofotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeoples,notonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,tools,dyes,medicines,shelter,andagreatmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejunglesoftheAmazonrecognizeliterallyhundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotany,assuch,hasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchof“knowledge”atall.Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledge,andfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid.WhenourNeolithicancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseason,thefirstgreatstepinanewassociationofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwild—andtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildworldbegintofadeaway.

6.Whichofthefollowingassumptionsaboutearlyhumansisexpressedinthepassage?

7.Whatdoesthecomment“thisislogical”mean?

8.Accordingtothepassage,whyhasgeneralknowledgeofbotanybeguntofade?

9.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthefirstgreatsteptowardthepracticeofagriculture?

10.Therelationshipbetweenbotanyandagricultureissimilartotherelationshipbetweenzoology(thestudyofanimals)and_____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyprobablyhadextensiveknowledgeofplants.

B.Theythoughttherewerenoneedstocultivatecrops.

C.Theydidnotenjoythestudyofbotany.

D.Theyplacedgreatimportanceontheownershipofproperty.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisnoclearwaytodeterminetheextentofourancestor’sknowledgeofplants.

B.Itisnotsurprisingthatearlyhumanshadadetailedknowledgeofplants.

C.Itisreasonabletoassumethatourancestorsbehavedverymuchlikepeopleinpre-industrialsocieties.

D.Humanknowledgeofplantsiswellorganizedanddetailed.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplenolongervalueplantsasausefulresource.

B.Botanyisnotrecognizedasaspecialbranchofscience.

C.Researchisunabletokeepupwiththeincreasingnumbersofplants.

D.Directcontactwithavarietyofplantshasdecreased.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theinventionofagriculturalimplementsandmachinery.

B.Thedevelopmentofasystemofnamesforplants.

C.Thediscoveryofgrassesthatcouldbeharvestedandreplanted.

D.Thechangingdietsofearlyhumans.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.deerhunting

B.sheepraising

C.birdwatching

D.horsebackriding

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】6.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第三句話ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants,butfromwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexist,adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.“今天我們不可能知道我們石器時(shí)代的祖先對(duì)植物到底了解多少，但從我們對(duì)仍然存在的前工業(yè)社會(huì)的觀察來(lái)看，對(duì)植物及其特性的詳細(xì)了解肯定是非常古老的”。第二步綜合理解，從這里可知現(xiàn)在我們對(duì)植物的了解都非常的古老，這些了解都是古代人積累出來(lái)的，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“他們可能有豐富的植物知識(shí)”正確。

B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為沒(méi)有必要種植莊稼”，文章沒(méi)有提及古人認(rèn)為種植植物是否必要，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“他們不喜歡研究植物學(xué)”，文章沒(méi)有提及古人是否喜歡研究植物學(xué)，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“他們非常重視財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)”，文章沒(méi)有提及財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)，定位到第七句話TribeslivingtodayinthejunglesoftheAmazonrecognizeliterallyhundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.“如今生活在亞馬遜叢林中的部落實(shí)際上認(rèn)識(shí)了數(shù)百種植物，并知道每種植物的許多特性”，這里的property不是“財(cái)產(chǎn)”而是“特性”的意思，這里屬于曲解原文。

7.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一步尋找句內(nèi)線索，第四句話沒(méi)有線索。第二步聯(lián)系上下文，上文講到古人除了對(duì)植物有模糊的認(rèn)識(shí)其他的什么都不知道，而且我們現(xiàn)在所知道的植物知識(shí)已經(jīng)相當(dāng)古老了。后面講到植物的用處很多，植物可以用來(lái)作為糧食、衣服、武器、染色劑等等，綜上可知答案選B選項(xiàng)“早期人類對(duì)植物有詳細(xì)的了解并不奇怪”。

A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有明確的方法來(lái)確定我們祖先對(duì)植物的了解程度”，文章沒(méi)有提及，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“有理由假設(shè)我們的祖先的行為非常像前工業(yè)社會(huì)的人們”，文章沒(méi)有提及，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“人類對(duì)植物的了解是有條理和詳細(xì)的”，文章沒(méi)有提及，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。

8.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第九句Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.“不幸的是，工業(yè)化程度越高，我們離與植物的直接接觸越遠(yuǎn)，我們對(duì)植物學(xué)的了解也就越少。”以及最后兩句Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwild—andtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildworldbegintofadeaway.“谷物被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，農(nóng)業(yè)的奇跡也隨之而來(lái)：種植莊稼。從那時(shí)起，人類將越來(lái)越多地從少數(shù)植物的控制生產(chǎn)中獲取生活，而不是從許多野生品種中一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)獲取——數(shù)萬(wàn)年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和與野生世界植物的親密關(guān)系所積累的知識(shí)開始消失”。第二步，綜合理解，由此可知植物學(xué)開始衰退是因?yàn)槿藗兊闹苯咏佑|減少了，所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“與各種植物的直接接觸減少了”。

A選項(xiàng)“人們不再把植物視為有用的資源”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)沒(méi)有被認(rèn)為是一門特殊的科學(xué)”。定位到文章第一句話Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge“植物學(xué)，即對(duì)植物的研究，在人類知識(shí)史上占有特殊的地位”，這里講的是植物學(xué)在人類歷史上占特殊地位但沒(méi)有說(shuō)植物學(xué)是特殊學(xué)科，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“研究跟不上植物數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)”。文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章倒數(shù)第三句WhenourNeolithicancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseason,thefirstgreatstepinanewassociationofplantsandhumanswastaken.“大約一萬(wàn)年前生活在中東的新石器時(shí)代的祖先們發(fā)現(xiàn)某些草能被收獲，它們的種子下一季耕種會(huì)收獲更多時(shí)，人類就邁出了人和植物之間的新關(guān)系第一大步”。第二步，綜合理解，由此可知答案選C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)可以收獲和重新種植的草”。

A選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)具和機(jī)械的發(fā)明”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“植物名稱系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“早期人類飲食的變化”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

10.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步尋找句內(nèi)線索，植物學(xué)和農(nóng)業(yè)的關(guān)系是一個(gè)利用關(guān)系，根據(jù)文章可知人類是利用植物性發(fā)展出了農(nóng)業(yè)，因此這里也是動(dòng)物學(xué)和所選之項(xiàng)也是一個(gè)利用關(guān)系，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)羊”，人類利用動(dòng)物學(xué)發(fā)展了畜牧業(yè)，畜牧業(yè)包括養(yǎng)羊。

A選項(xiàng)“狩鹿”，狩鹿不需要?jiǎng)游飳W(xué)參與，屬于反向干擾。

C選項(xiàng)“賞鳥”，賞鳥不需要?jiǎng)游飳W(xué)參與，屬于反向干擾。

D選項(xiàng)“騎馬”，騎馬不需要?jiǎng)游飳W(xué)參與，屬于反向干擾。

11.單選題

Hestood（）amongathousanddimlyimaginedpossibilities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.faltering

B.wavering

C.pausing

D.hesitating

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。faltering蹣跚,

猶豫的,

支吾的；wavering搖擺的,猶豫不決；pause暫停,

躊躇；hesitating

猶豫的。句意：他在一千種模模糊糊想象出來(lái)的可能性中猶豫不決。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

WiththereleaseofthePiano,apowerfullyemotionalstorysetinnineteenth-centuryNewZealandaboutawoman’ssexualawakening,theNewZealand—bornJaneCampionhasestablishedherselfasoneofthemosttalentedfemalefilmmakerstocomeuponthesceneinrecentyears.ThefilmnotonlyreceivedpraisefulreviewsfromcriticsandmoviegoersbutwontheCannesFilmFestivalstopprizethePalmeD’Or,makingCampionthefirstwomanovertobesohonored.Campion'ssuccessisnotablealsobecausesheisarelativenewcomertothefilmworld:theforty-year-olddirectorhasmadejustthreefeatures(includingThePiano),atelevisionmovie,andahandfulofshortsdatingfromherstudentdays.

AlthoughCampion’sfilmsappearatfirstglancetohavelittleincommon—herfirstfeature,Sweetie,isaveryhonest(somewouldsaycruellyunfeeling)portraitofadysfunctionalfamilyandhersecond,AnAngelatMyTable,isasympatheticbiographyofthenewZealandnovelistJanetFrame-eachreflectsherfeelingforstrong-willed,oftenmisunderstoodwomenwhorefuse,orareunabletogivethemselvesuptotheirrespectivesocieties'definitionsofwomanhood.AccordingtoDavidSterrittwritingintheChristianScienceMonitor,ThePiano"gainmuchofitseffectivenessfromCampionsdirectingstyle,whichcombinesthedreamlikeatmosphereofherearlyfilmSweetiewiththesensitivitytofeelingsthatmadeherlastmovieAnAngelatMyTable,soextraordinary."Alsocontributingtothefilm’ssuccesswasCampion'sabilitytoinducefineperformancesfromhercharacter."ShedirectsactorsdifferentlyfromanyoneI’veeverknown,"SamNeiltoldPaulFreemaninaninterviewfortheChicagoTribute"IalwaysfeltthattherewasabigsafetynetundertheandthatIwaspermittedtotakeasmanyrisksasIwantedto."GenevieveLemon,whohadplayedthetitleroleinSweetieandtookthesupportingroleofNessieinThePiano,agreedCampionisalreadyatworkonhernextprojectanadaptationofHenryJaures'snovelThePortraitofaLady.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Campion'sthreemoviessharewhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?

3.ItcanbeconcludedthatCampionisregardedasoneofthemosttalentedfilmmakersinrecentyearsbecause（）

.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatCampion'sdirectingstyleofthethirdmovie（）

.

5.TheauthorimpliesthatCampionisdifferentfromotherfilmmakersinthat（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingtheinterrelationshipsbetweenCampionsthreemovies

B.commentingonJaneCampionasafilmmakerandherrecentmovie,ThePiano

C.explainingwhyThePianowasasuccess

D.criticizingJaneCampionandherthreemovies

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Allofthemseemtobequitecommonplaceatfirstglance.

B.AllofthemdealwithstoriesthattookplaceinNewZealand.

C.Allofthemdescribeawomanwhoisrebelliousagainstthetraditionalviewoffemale.

D.Eachmovieminorsthetimewhenthemoviewasproduced.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.themoviethathasbroughtsuchgreathonortoherisjustthethirdfeatureshehasproduced

B.sheisonly40yearsold

C.sheisthefirstwomanwhohasreceivedsuchhonors

D.shebeganhermovieproductionfromherstudentdays

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isasimplecombinationofthoseinhertwoearlymovies

B.contributedgreatlytothesuccessofthemovie

C.ismuchofanimitationofpreviousones

D.isquitecreative

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.sheisespeciallygoodatmakingtheactorsperformtothebestoftheirability

B.sheisquiteabletoassuretheactorsoftheirsuccess

C.shetendstoencouragetheactorstotakeasmanyrisksaspossible

D.shealwaysplacesabigsafetynetundertheactorswhendirectingthemovies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:通讀全文可知，本文主要是講JaneCampion和她最近的電影《鋼琴課》。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第2題:根據(jù)原文可知，Campion一共拍了3部電影，看似都是平淡無(wú)奇，實(shí)則體現(xiàn)出新時(shí)代女性反對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的觀念。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)第一段的最后一句話的內(nèi)容可知，Campion之所以被認(rèn)為是近年來(lái)最有天賦的制作人之一，因?yàn)樗请娪敖绲男氯耍哼@位40歲的導(dǎo)演只拍過(guò)三部電影（包括鋼琴課）、一部電視劇，還有幾部學(xué)生時(shí)代的短片。電影屆的新人說(shuō)明Campion在這個(gè)年紀(jì)就已經(jīng)拍出了不錯(cuò)的電影，為她帶來(lái)如此巨大榮譽(yù)的電影只是她制作的第三部電影，后面還會(huì)有更大的發(fā)展，所以，選項(xiàng)A更符合原文。

第4題:根據(jù)第二段“ThePiano"gainmuchofitseffectivenessfromCampionsdirectingstyle.”鋼琴課在很大程度上得益于Campion的導(dǎo)演風(fēng)格，正是這種風(fēng)格導(dǎo)致了電影的成功。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

第5題:根據(jù)第二段”Alsocontributingtothefilm’ssuccesswasCampion'sabilitytoinducefineperformancesfromhercharacter.”可知，同樣使電影獲得成功的是Campion讓演員盡其所能的能力。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

13.單選題

TomMacaulay,beingadiligentyoungman,neverrefusesto________moreworkthathisbossassignedtohim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeoff

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)takeup“占據(jù)”；B選項(xiàng)takein“吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)takeoff“脫下，起飛”；D選項(xiàng)takeon“承擔(dān)，承受”。句意：TomMacaulay作為一名勤奮的年輕人，從來(lái)不拒絕（）他老板派發(fā)給他的工作。派發(fā)的工作是要承擔(dān)的，因而答案選D最為合適。

14.單選題

______beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)thedayaftertomorrow，可知講述的是將來(lái)，因此從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，或should+動(dòng)詞原形，或were+不定式。根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，此處是省略了if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：如果他們后天在我們出發(fā)之前到達(dá)，我們將有一個(gè)愉快的晚宴。

15.翻譯題

Putthefollowing3ChinesesentencesintoEnglishand3EnglishsentencesintoChinese.

沒(méi)有永遠(yuǎn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也沒(méi)有永遠(yuǎn)的缺點(diǎn)。這篇文章告訴我們，對(duì)待優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)采取客觀的態(tài)度。具體地說(shuō)，盲目地崇拜他人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)必定會(huì)傷害我們的自信，而完全忽略自身缺點(diǎn)則會(huì)導(dǎo)致自負(fù)。總而言之，兩種極端都會(huì)使我們失去充分發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢(shì)的機(jī)會(huì)。因此，我們需要找到合適的方法釋放自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，并且把暫吋的缺點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化成優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

數(shù)字表明自我雇傭的英國(guó)人大多為男性，工作的吋間比全職工作的員工長(zhǎng)而且賺得少。事實(shí)上，2007至2016期間，自我雇傭者的實(shí)際薪水要比受雇傭員工下降得更快。這或許能解釋為何英國(guó)近幾年的生產(chǎn)率提高速度如同蝸牛爬行。

對(duì)于以音樂(lè)為愛(ài)好的研究者來(lái)說(shuō)，音樂(lè)有助于他們的研究。把他們的頭腦從實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密性以及數(shù)據(jù)的乏味中解脫出來(lái)，使之徜徉在韻律與節(jié)奏的世界里會(huì)幫助他發(fā)揮科學(xué)創(chuàng)造性。一位研宄者發(fā)現(xiàn)，令人滿意的表演持續(xù)幾天甚至僅幾個(gè)小吋之后，常給他開展研究的靈感。

USmilitaryhasbegundeployingamissiledefensesysteminSouthKorea.TheTHAADsystemisdesignedtoshootdownincomingmissiles.Chinasaysitwilltakeunspecifiedmeasuresagainstit.AndmanyKoreanandChineseareirritatedandtheyhavebeenprotestingagainstSouthKorea'sirresponsibleactionofthisdeployment.

Insomecases,alongerresumemightbeinorder.Forexample,graphicdesignersorvisualartistsmightbenefitfromcreatinganillustratedresume,andacademics,researchers,orlong-timeexecutivesmayneedmorethanonepagetocapturethebreadthoftheirexperience.Butingeneral,it'sbesttoavoidoverburdeningbusyrecruiterswitharesumethatdragsonandon.

Chinaiscomingupwithfinancialincentivestoencouragecouplestohaveasecondchild,assurveysshowmanyarereluctanttoexpandtheirfamiliesduetoeconomicconstraints.AnofficeroftheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionrevealedthepotentialmoveatasocialwelfareconference."TohaveasecondchildistherightofeachfamilyinChina,butaffordabilityhasbecomeabottleneckthatunderminethedecision,"hesaid.

【答案】Therearenopermanentmeritsordefects.Thisarticletellsusthatweshouldtreatthesemeritsanddefectsobjectively.Specifically,itwouldhurtourself-confidencetoadmireother’smeritsblindly,whilecompletelyignoringourownshortcomingswillleadtoself-esteem.Inshort,wewouldloseouropportunitiestogivefullplaytoouradvantagesbecauseoftheseextremes.Therefore,weneedtofindappropriatewaystoreleaseouradvantagesandturnthetemporarydefectsintodefects.

Thefiguresshowthatmostself-employedBritonsaremen.Theself-employedworklongerhoursandearnlessthanthefull-timeemployees.Actually,therealsalaryofself-employedfellfasterthanthatofemployedemployeesbetween2007and2016.ThismayexplainwhyBritonproductivityhasgrownatsnail’spaceinrecentyears.

Forresearcherinterestedinmusic,musicishelpfultotheirresearch.Releasingtheirmindsfromthestructuralrigoroftheexperimentandthetediousdata,toroamtheworldfullofrhythmwouldbeusefulforhimtoplayscientificcreativity.Oneresearcherfoundthatasatisfactoryperformanceoftenlastedforafewdaysorevenafterseveralhours,andofteninspiredhimtodoresearch.

美國(guó)軍方已開始在韓國(guó)部署導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)。薩德系統(tǒng)旨在擊落來(lái)襲導(dǎo)彈。中國(guó)將采取一定措施表示反對(duì)。許多韓國(guó)人和中國(guó)人都很憤怒，他們一直在抗議韓國(guó)不負(fù)責(zé)任的部署行動(dòng)。

在某些情況下，可能需要篇幅長(zhǎng)的簡(jiǎn)歷達(dá)到整齊美觀效果。例如，平面設(shè)計(jì)師或視覺(jué)藝術(shù)家可能會(huì)從制作帶插圖的簡(jiǎn)歷中獲益，而學(xué)者、研究人員或資深管理人員可能需要一頁(yè)以上的頁(yè)面來(lái)展示他們的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)。但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，最好避免給讓招聘人員在一份冗長(zhǎng)拖沓的簡(jiǎn)歷上花費(fèi)過(guò)多的精力。

中國(guó)正在考慮鼓勵(lì)夫婦生育二胎的經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)措施，因?yàn)檎{(diào)查顯示，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)限制，許多人不愿擴(kuò)大家庭成員。國(guó)家衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)一位官員在一次社會(huì)福利會(huì)議上透露了這一潛在的舉措。他說(shuō)，“在中國(guó)，生第二個(gè)孩子是每個(gè)家庭的權(quán)利，但負(fù)擔(dān)能力卻成了阻礙這個(gè)決定的瓶頸?！?/p>

16.單選題

Predictingthefutureisalwaysrisky.Butit’sprobablysafetosaythatatleastafewhistorianswillonedayspeakofthe20th-centuryasAmerica’s“DisneyEra.”Today,it’scertainlydifficulttothinkofanyothersinglethingthatrepresentsmodemAmericaaspowerfullyasthecompanythatcreatedMickeyMouse.Globally,brandslikeCoca-ColaandMcDonaldsmaybemorewidely-known,butneitherencapsulates20th-centuryAmericainquitethesamewayasDisney.

ThereasonsforDisney’ssuccessarevariedandnumerous,butultimatelythecreditbelongs

tooneperson—themanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecompanyfromnothing,WaltDisney.Ironicallyhecouldnotdraw