考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore（）tolightthanarehumaneyes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glowing

B.brilliant

C.sensitive

D.gloomy

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管貓?jiān)谕耆诎档沫h(huán)境中看不到任何東西，但是相比人類的眼睛，它們的眼晴對(duì)光卻更加敏感。

考查形容詞辨析。glowing熱烈贊揚(yáng)的，熱情洋溢的;brilliant閃耀的，杰出的，精彩的；sensitive體貼的，體恤的，善解人意的，感覺敏銳的；gloomy黑暗的，沮喪的，陰郁的。由轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比提示詞Although(盡管)可知C符合句意。

2.單選題

Aidwassenttotheearthquakevictimsatthe___oftheIraniangovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sight

B.interest

C.require

D.request

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.sight視力；景象B.interest興趣；利益

C.require需要；要求（動(dòng)詞）D.request請(qǐng)求；需要

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞，of短語做后置定語表示government“政府”的……，根據(jù)句意，地震發(fā)生后，應(yīng)該是按照政府的需求送去援助。D選項(xiàng)request請(qǐng)求；需要符合語境。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)sight“視力；景象”不符合語境；

B選項(xiàng)interest“興趣；利益”不符合語境；

C選項(xiàng)require“需要”，是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，而該處應(yīng)填名詞。

【句意】應(yīng)伊朗政府的要求，救援物質(zhì)已運(yùn)送給地震災(zāi)民。

3.單選題

Eachofthemhadadifferent（）ofwhatactuallyhappened,butherswasfarmorebelievable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.message

B.theory

C.version

D.comment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)message“消息”；B選項(xiàng)theory“理論，原理”；C選項(xiàng)version“版本，說法”；D選項(xiàng)comment“評(píng)論，意見”。句意：每個(gè)人對(duì)實(shí)際發(fā)生的事情都有不同的說法，但她的說法更可信。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

4.單選題

Duringthepreparationofpapersforseminars,Ihadtofacetheconsciousproblemofwritingaboutasystem（）silenceandlinkssuchreticencetoideasof'respect','order',and'discipline'inanall-encompassingpaternalism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatIknowprefers

B.whichIknowprefers

C.thatIknowpreferring

D.inwhichIknowtoprefer

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題意，空格引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為system，由固定搭配inasystem“在系統(tǒng)里”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：在為研討會(huì)準(zhǔn)備論文的過程中，我不得不有意識(shí)地描寫一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)里面，我更愿意保持沉默，將這種沉默與“尊重”、“秩序”和“紀(jì)律”等概念聯(lián)系在一起，形成了一種無所不包的家長(zhǎng)式作風(fēng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Ateamofresearchers（）theproblemofdiseasesconnectedwithcontaminatedmilk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.address

B.interact

C.wonder

D.react

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。address“處理”;interact“相互作用”;wonder“想知道”;react“反應(yīng)”。句意：一組研究人員把這種疾病和被污染的牛奶聯(lián)系起來。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

WhenyouaskmeaboutCynthia,whatwereyou（）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meaningfor

B.drivingat

C.intendingfor

D.intendingto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。選項(xiàng)A介詞搭配不正確，可首先排除；B選項(xiàng)driveat相當(dāng)于aimat“用意所在”；C選項(xiàng)intendfor“打算使”；D選項(xiàng)intendto“打算做…，想要”，后面一般需要接dosth.。句意：你問我關(guān)于辛西婭的事，你的用意何在？所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.單選題

Afast-foodrestaurantwithinabout500feetofaschoolmayleadtoatleasta5percentincreaseintheoverweightrateatthatschool.Thestudy,conductedbyeconomistsatColumbiaUniversityandtheUniversityCalifornia,Berkeley,suggeststhat“abanonfastfoodsintheimmediateproximityofschoolscouldhaveasizableeffectonobesityratesamongaffectedstudents.”

Theresearcherslookedathowproximitytotherestaurantsaffectedobesityratesamong3millionninthgradersatCaliforniaschools,andmorethan1millionpregnantwomeninMichigan,NewJerseyandTexas.Theyfocusedontheninthgraders,typicallyabout14yearsold,inpartbecausethestudentsgetafitnesstestinthespring—about30weeksafterstartingschoolandexposuretofastfood.Thestudy,releasedbytheAmericanAssociationofWineEconomists,showedthat“thepresenceofafast-foodrestaurantwithinatenthofamileofaschoolisassociatedwithatleasta5.2percentincreaseintheobesityrateinthatschool.”Italsofoundthatpregnantwomenwholivedwithinatenthofamileofafast-foodrestauranthad“a4.4percentincreaseintheprobabilityofgainingover20kilos(44pounds).”

ThestudyfollowsonepresentedlastmonthatanAmericanStrokeAssociationconference.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganfoundpeoplewholiveinneighborhoodspackedwithfast-foodrestaurantsaremorelikelytosufferfromstrokes.InDecember,astudyfoundthatyouthwhostudywithinahalfmilefromafast-foodoutleteatfewerfruitandvegetables,drinkmoresodaandaremorelikelytobeobesethanstudentsatotherschools.

JanetCurrie,leadresearcherofthewineeconomists’study,saidthatitmightbeagoodpolicytohaveafast-food-freezoneiffastfoodnearschoolscausesobesity.“Itwouldnotbesodifferentinspiritfromexistingpoliciesthataimtoprohibitsoftdrinksandjunkfoodsinschoolsortoimprovethequalityofschoollunch,”shesaid.

AspokeswomanfortheparentcompanyofKFC,PizzaHut,TacoBellandLongJohnSilver’s,declinedtocomment,sayingshehadnotseenthestudy.BurgerKingdidnotreturncallsseekingcomment.AMcDonald’sspokeswomanreferredcallstotheNationalRetailFederation,atradegroupinWashington.

“Ithinkitwouldbeadangerousprecedenttolimitthetypesoflegitimate,importantbusinessesandwherethey’relocatedinacity,”federationspokeswomanEllenDavissaid.“Doesn’titmakemoresenseforparentstolimitachild’sallowanceorletthemknowwhenandwheretheycan’teatcertainthings?”Davisaddedthatrestaurantshavechangedtheirmenusinthelastfiveyears,especiallyforchildren’smeals.“Weseemanyhealthyoptionsavailable—slicesofapple,milkinsteadofsodas.It’simportanttonotethatmanychainrestaurantshavetriedtodiversifytheirmenusandmakethemhealthier.”

1.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutthestudymentionedinParagraph2?

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastthreeparagraphs?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whyisitnecessarytocreateafast-food-free-zone?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayNOTbethereasonforchildren’soverweight?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itagreedthatfastfoodsshouldbefarawayfromschool.

B.Itdidn’tmentionthepeopleinColumbia.

C.Itprovedthatfastfoodsmaynotleadtostrokes.

D.Itshowedthatchildren’ssituationwasworsethanpregnantwomen’s.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.McDonald’ssharedthesameopinionwithEllenDavis.

B.KFChelddifferentopinionfromBurgerKing.

C.JanetCurriepreferredanewpolicytopresentpolicies.

D.EllenDavisthoughtlimitingchildren’smoneymadenosense.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplelongforhealthymeals.

B.Fastfoodisassociatedwithobesityandstrokes.

C.Parentsshouldgivelessallowancetothekids.

D.Thesocietyshouldn’tneglectthesideeffectoffastfood.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Fastfoodisexpensiveandkidscan’taffordit.

B.Fastfoodmakesyoungpeoplehaveanunhealthydiet.

C.Fastfooddistractsstudentsfromtheirstudies.

D.Fastfoodisnotcleanenough.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Eatingfewerfruitandvegetables.

B.Beingunawareofself-control.

C.Schoollunchoflowquality.

D.Restaurants’changingmenusforchildren.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。C選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)證明，快餐可能不會(huì)導(dǎo)致中風(fēng)”，可以定位到文章第三段第二句ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganfoundpeoplewholiveinneighborhoodspackedwithfast-foodrestaurantsaremorelikelytosufferfromstrokes.（密歇根大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，居住在快餐店林立的社區(qū)的人更容易患中風(fēng)），可推測(cè)居住在快餐店林立的社區(qū)的人更容易患中風(fēng)，C選項(xiàng)不正確，應(yīng)選C。A選項(xiàng)“它同意快餐應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離學(xué)校”，因?yàn)榭觳偷陼?huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生患肥胖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此，快餐店應(yīng)當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)離學(xué)校，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“上面沒提到哥倫比亞的人”，可以定位到文章第二段第一句Theresearcherslookedathowproximitytotherestaurantsaffectedobesityratesamong3millionninthgradersatCaliforniaschools,andmorethan1millionpregnantwomeninMichigan,NewJerseyandTexas.（研究人員調(diào)查了加州300萬名九年級(jí)學(xué)生，以及密歇根州、新澤西州和得克薩斯州100多萬名孕婦的肥胖率），文章提到的是加州的學(xué)生，密歇根州、新澤西州和得克薩斯州的孕婦，因此B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查顯示，兒童的情況比孕婦更糟”，文章第二段最后兩句提到thepresenceofafast-foodrestaurantwithinatenthofamileofaschoolisassociatedwithatleasta5.2percentincreaseintheobesityrateinthatschool.“Italsofoundthatpregnantwomenwholivedwithinatenthofamileofafast-foodrestauranthad“a4.4percentincreaseintheprobabilityofgainingover20kilos(44pounds)”.（如果快餐店在學(xué)校十分之一英里內(nèi)，那么該學(xué)校的肥胖率至少會(huì)增加5.2%。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在離快餐店十分之一英里以內(nèi)的孕婦“增重超過20公斤（44磅）的可能性增加4.4%），由此可知學(xué)校的肥胖率會(huì)增加5.2%，孕婦肥胖率會(huì)增加4.4%，D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。D選項(xiàng)“艾倫?戴維斯認(rèn)為限制孩子們的錢沒有意義”，可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Doesn’titmakemoresenseforparentstolimitachild’sallowanceorletthemknowwhenandwheretheycan’teatcertainthings?（父母限制孩子的零花錢，或者讓他們知道什么時(shí)候、什么地方不能吃某些東西，難道不是更有意義），也就可以推測(cè)限制孩子花錢沒有意義，可知D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“麥當(dāng)勞也同意艾倫?戴維斯的觀點(diǎn)”，文章沒有提到麥當(dāng)勞同意戴維斯的觀點(diǎn)，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“肯德基與漢堡王持不同意見”，定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段第一、二句AspokeswomanfortheparentcompanyofKFC,PizzaHut,TacoBellandLongJohnSliver’s,declinedtocomment,sayingshehadnotseenthestudy.BurgerKingdidnotreturncallsseekingcomment.（肯德基、必勝客、塔可鐘和LongJohnSliver’s的母公司的發(fā)言人拒絕置評(píng)，稱她沒有看到這項(xiàng)研究。漢堡王沒有回復(fù)記者尋求置評(píng)的電話）肯德基和漢堡王都不予置評(píng)，因此可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“與現(xiàn)行政策相比，珍妮特?柯里更喜歡新政策”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。C選項(xiàng)“父母應(yīng)該少給孩子零用錢”，可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Doesn’titmakemoresenseforparentstolimitachild’sallowanceorletthemknowwhenandwheretheycan’teatcertainthings?（父母限制孩子的零花錢，或者讓他們知道什么時(shí)候、什么地方不能吃某些東西，難道不是更有意義），也就可以推測(cè)父母限制孩子花錢沒有意義，C選項(xiàng)不正確，應(yīng)當(dāng)選C。A選項(xiàng)“人們渴望健康的飲食”，可定位到文章最后一句It’simportanttonotethatmanychainrestaurantshavetriedtodiversifytheirmenusandmakethemhealthier.（值得注意的是，許多連鎖餐廳已經(jīng)嘗試讓他們的菜單多樣化，讓他們更健康），連鎖餐廳都在努力使菜單多樣化，讓它們更健康，也就是人們?cè)诳释】档娘嬍?，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“快餐與肥胖和中風(fēng)有關(guān)”，可以定位到文章第一段第一句Afast-foodrestaurantwithinabout500feetofaschoolmayleadtoatleasta5percentincreaseintheoverweightrateatthatschool.（學(xué)校500英尺以內(nèi)的快餐店可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)校超重率至少增加5%），以及定位到文章第三段第二句ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganfoundpeoplewholiveinneighborhoodspackedwithfast-foodrestaurantsaremorelikelytosufferfromstrokes.（密歇根大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，居住在快餐店林立的社區(qū)的人更容易患中風(fēng)），也就是快餐會(huì)增加肥胖和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)不應(yīng)該忽視快餐的副作用”，快餐的副作用已經(jīng)很明顯，因此不應(yīng)該忽視快餐的副作用，D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第一句JanetCurrie,leadresearcherofthewineeconomists’study,saidthatitmightbeagoodpolicytohaveafast-food-freezoneiffastfoodnearschoolscausesobesity（JanetCurrie，葡萄酒經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家研究的首席研究員說，如果學(xué)校附近的快餐導(dǎo)致肥胖，建立一個(gè)無快餐區(qū)可能是一個(gè)好政策）。B選項(xiàng)“快餐使年輕人有不健康的飲食習(xí)慣”，文章提到，快餐會(huì)使人們?cè)黾臃逝趾椭酗L(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也就是不健康的飲食所帶來的危害，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“快餐很貴，孩子們買不起”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“快餐使學(xué)生們分心，不能專心學(xué)習(xí)”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“快餐不夠干凈”，文章沒有提到快餐是不夠干凈的，只是會(huì)增加肥胖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。D選項(xiàng)“餐館為兒童更換菜單”，文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句提到restaurantshavechangedtheirmenusinthelastfiveyears,especiallyforchildren’smeals.（餐館在過去五年中改變了他們的菜單，尤其是兒童餐），因此，當(dāng)餐館為兒童更換菜單后，兒童患肥胖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)減小，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“少吃水果和蔬菜”，可以定位到文章第三段最后一句astudyfoundthatyouthwhostudywithinahalfmilefromafast-foodoutleteatfewerfruitandvegetables,drinkmoresodaandaremorelikelytobeobesethanstudentsatotherschools.（在距離快餐店半英里內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生吃的水果和蔬菜更少，喝的蘇打水更多，更有可能肥胖），A選項(xiàng)少吃水果蔬菜會(huì)導(dǎo)致肥胖，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“沒有自我控制的意識(shí)”，兒童缺少自控力，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校午餐質(zhì)量低”，文章第四段最后一句improvethequalityofschoollunch.（提高學(xué)校午餐的質(zhì)量），學(xué)校的午餐質(zhì)量確實(shí)較低，這也是導(dǎo)致肥胖的原因之一，C選項(xiàng)可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

WhileinLondon,wepaidavisittothehospitalfounded

thenurseFlorenceNightingale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infavorof

B.inhonorof

C.inlinewith

D.inplaceof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。infavorof“支持，贊同”；inhonorof“為紀(jì)念”；inlinewith“符合，與……一致”；inplaceof“替代”。句意：在倫敦，我們參觀了為紀(jì)念護(hù)士南丁格爾而創(chuàng)立的醫(yī)院。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Thereareilleffectsonthehealthofolderpeoplewhentheiractivitiesarerestricted;（

）,interventionthatincreasestherangeoftheiractivitiespromotestheirhealth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inaddition

B.incontrast

C.inturn

D.inshort

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.inaddition此外B.incontrast與此相反

C.inturn依次；輪流；反過來D.inshort總之；簡(jiǎn)而言之

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】當(dāng)老年人的活動(dòng)受到限制時(shí)，他們的健康會(huì)受到不良影響；……擴(kuò)大他們活動(dòng)范圍的干預(yù)措施可以促進(jìn)他們的健康。由本句前后句句意可知，前后所表達(dá)意思相反，所以此處應(yīng)填入B選項(xiàng)“與此相反”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)inaddition表此外的意思，而這里前后兩部分表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，A選項(xiàng)無法表示轉(zhuǎn)折；

C選項(xiàng)inturn依次；輪流；反過來，當(dāng)這個(gè)短語表示“反過來”時(shí)，多指前后兩者相輔相成相互影響，該選項(xiàng)不表示相反的意思，和原文語境不符合；

D選項(xiàng)inshort總之；簡(jiǎn)而言之，不表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折含義。

【句意】當(dāng)老年人的活動(dòng)受到限制時(shí)，他們的健康會(huì)受到不良影響；相反，增加他們活動(dòng)范圍的干預(yù)可以促進(jìn)他們的健康。

10.單選題

noticedthatmostofrocksamplesshowedsignsofdamagefromthepoortreatmenttheyhadreceivedinthelaboratory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noticed

B.mostofrocksamples

C.signsofdamagefrom

D.hadreceivedinthe

【答案】B

【解析】冠詞誤用。rock前加the。由mostof后面跟名詞短語時(shí)一般需在名詞短語前添加定冠詞“the”。

11.單選題

Ingeneral,the（

）amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)acceptable“可接受的”；B選項(xiàng)advisable“明智的”；C選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”；D選項(xiàng)applicable“可應(yīng)用的”。

句意：一般來說，學(xué)生在住房上的花費(fèi)應(yīng)控制在可支配的生活費(fèi)的五分之一以內(nèi)。available其后常接介詞for或to構(gòu)成形容詞短語，作后置定語。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

12.單選題

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganisms?

3.AccordingtoFrenchresearchers,thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseases

（

）.

4.WhatdoesMichaelBellsuggestwedoindailylife?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminateschildhooddiseasessuchasasthmaandallergies

B.provestobeanimportantpreventionagainstcancer

C.provestobenecessaryforthedevelopmentofimmunesystem

D.increasessusceptibilitytoallergicandautoimmunediseases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wewillneverbeinvolvedintheallergies.

B.Wewilleradicatetheoutbreaksofmanyinfectiousdiseases.

C.Wemaymissanimportantpartofhumandevelopment.

D.Wemayfindnoeffectivemedicalcuretomanydisease.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasnothingtodowiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

B.isexactlythesamewiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

C.iscompletelyoppositetothatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

D.showsnocomparabilitywiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becarefulaboutwoundcare.

B.Washhandswithin10timesaday.

C.Consulthealth-careworkers.

D.Sterilizeyourhandseveryday.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayindirtyplaces.

B.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeinpublichealth.

C.Parentsneedn’tworryaboutchildrenplayinginthedirt.

D.Excessivecleannessisrequiredathomebutnotoutdoors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“根據(jù)1989年首次提出的“衛(wèi)生假說”，兒童在早期的生活中接觸各種細(xì)菌、病毒和寄生蟲，有助于兒童的免疫系統(tǒng)做好準(zhǔn)備，就像感官體驗(yàn)對(duì)大腦進(jìn)行編程一樣?！庇纱丝赏茢啵@個(gè)“衛(wèi)生假說”證明了免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要性，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段一二句“Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called“oldfriends”theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.許多微生物在數(shù)百萬年的時(shí)間里與人類共生進(jìn)化，這就是所謂的“老朋友”理論。但是，在它們被根除的地方，人類發(fā)展的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分就被拋棄了?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Frenchresearchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.’saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.‘過敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各種傳染病地理分布的一個(gè)鏡像?！环萦煞▏?guó)研究人員撰寫的關(guān)于衛(wèi)生假說的報(bào)告稱。”鏡像與原像是相反的，這里是說他們的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MichaelBell”定位到倒數(shù)第二段第三句“MichaelBell,...,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.MichaelBell表示，人們應(yīng)該要注意傷口的護(hù)理，因?yàn)榧?xì)菌一旦進(jìn)入血液就會(huì)引發(fā)問題，他還提倡勤洗手。”選項(xiàng)A符合原文；選項(xiàng)B和D不符合原文描述；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及，所以本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“...there'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,...孩子們?cè)谀嗤晾锿嫠]有什么錯(cuò)，他們不必生活在完全衛(wèi)生的環(huán)境中...”所以選項(xiàng)C“父母不必?fù)?dān)心孩子在泥土里玩?！狈显?。

13.單選題

Melissaisacomputer（）thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.genius

B.virus

C.disease

D.bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“天才，天賦”；B選項(xiàng)“病毒”；C選項(xiàng)“疾病”；D選項(xiàng)“細(xì)菌”，句意：Melissa是一種電腦（），它摧毀了電腦中的文件，讓全世界成千上萬的用戶感到沮喪。本句想表示的是“電腦病毒（computervirus）”，這也是固定搭配，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

UnlikephotographersonEarth,astronautsinthespacehavetheopportunitytotakephotographsfrom（

）perspectives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.undermined

B.undulated

C.unilateral

D.unprecedented

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Undermined“潛行的”；undulated“波狀的”；unilateral“單方面的”；unprecedented“空前的，無前例的”。句意：與地球上的攝影師不同，太空中的宇航員有機(jī)會(huì)從前所未有的角度拍攝照片。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Asitisknowntotheworld,___amother-daughterbusinessventurewon’tbeeasy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breathlifeinto

B.breathinglifeinto

C.breathelifeinto

D.breaththelivinginto

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.breathlifeinto呼吸生活B.breathinglifeinto給某事帶來活力

C.breathelifeinto給某事帶來活力D.breaththelivinginto把活著的人呼入

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】固定短語breathelifeinto給某事帶來活力。該句謂語動(dòng)詞是won’tbe該句缺少主語。因此，這里是動(dòng)名詞短語做主語。B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】眾所周知，給母女企業(yè)注入活力并非易事。

16.單選題

Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.

WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustoffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.I’llneverforgetthescreams,saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgrave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGunterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”

ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustoffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorld

War,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’venowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

1.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustoffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

2.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen（

）.

3.TheWilhelmGustofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecauseGermans

（

）.

4.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustofftragedy?

5.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinktha

（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes

B.Itcausedthelargestnumberofcausalities

C.Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath

D.Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

B.astrongicestormtiltedtheship

C.thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

D.thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B.hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

C.wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

D.feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail

B.BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche

C.Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack

D.Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theWilhelmGustofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenationspastmisdeeds

B.GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

C.theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustoffWarII

D.itiswrongtoequatetheirsufferingwiththoseofothercountries

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問為什么威廉?古斯特洛夫號(hào)的沉沒被認(rèn)為是航海史上最大的慘劇。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞worsttragedyinmaritimehistory定位至第一段:itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic(這是航海史上最大的慘劇,它的死亡人數(shù)為泰坦尼克號(hào)沉沒時(shí)的死亡人數(shù)的六倍)。故選B“造成的死亡人數(shù)最多”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown(一場(chǎng)冰暴把甲板凍成了冰蓋，船傾斜并開始下沉?xí)r，數(shù)百個(gè)家庭掉入大海)。因此選A“嚴(yán)重破損的船傾向一邊”。

3.判斷推理題。第三段表明了原文:BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant(我們德國(guó)人負(fù)主要責(zé)任),由此看出德國(guó)人是內(nèi)疚的,故選D“為自己二戰(zhàn)中的罪行感到內(nèi)疚”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:doesn'tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastrophe...(并不是把他作品的重點(diǎn)放在船的沉沒細(xì)節(jié)中，而是從側(cè)而描述了一個(gè)年輕孕婦如何在這個(gè)災(zāi)難中生存下來),故選D。

5.判斷推理題。文中倒數(shù)第二句指出:…Germansbelievethatthey'renowearnedrighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord(德國(guó)人認(rèn)為他們現(xiàn)在有權(quán)討論完整的歷史記錄),由此可知,德國(guó)人并沒有認(rèn)為逃脫責(zé)任,題干問的是德國(guó)人不再認(rèn)為…？排除A“威廉?古斯特的悲劇是為國(guó)家過去的錯(cuò)誤行為付出的合理代價(jià)”和B“德國(guó)對(duì)其在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中犯下的可怕罪行負(fù)責(zé)”,D項(xiàng)文中并未提及,C指出如果德國(guó)人談到威廉?古斯特洛夫號(hào)的沉沒時(shí),他們不再被人們誤解,因?yàn)樗麄儸F(xiàn)在有權(quán)利來正對(duì)歷史了。C正確。

17.單選題

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”—physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwaysoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,ismusicalinstrument.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonograph(留聲機(jī))wasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,tooismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica,printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsong.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotation(樂譜)hasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureaswhole.

Onemoreimportantpartformusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe“informationrevolution,”atwentieth-centuryphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodernnations,theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

1.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause（）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause（）.

4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintotheworldofmusic（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnologyt

B.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenationt

C.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresentt

D.itcandemonstratethenation’scivilizationt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusic.t

B.NearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestrat

C.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusict

D.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusict

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.i