考研考博-英語-上饒師范學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上饒師范學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

HistorianshavelongknownthatthereweretwosidestothePopulistmovementofthe1890s:aprogressiveside,embodyingtheprotestsofformersagainstbigbusiness,andadarkerside,markedbyadistrustofEasterners,immigrants,andintellectuals.Inthe1950s,oneschoolofU.S.socialthinkersconstructedaparallelbetweenthisdarksideofPopulismandthecontemporaryanti-CommunistcrusadespearheadedbyWisconsinSenatorJosephMcCarthy,whichattackedliberalism,Easternintellectuals,andcivillibertiesingeneral.ToSeymourMartinLipset,McCarthyismrepresented“thesourdregsofPopulism”;toEdwardShils,McCarthyism,likePopulism,exemplified“theambiguousAmericanimpulsetoward4directdemocracy.

NothingthatMcCarthyismandPopulismhadbothfoundtheirstrongestsupportintheagrarianMidwest,

LipsetarguedthatvoterswhobackedagrarianprotestmovementsduringearliereconomiccriseshadsupportedMcCarthyinthepost-WorldIIperiodofprosperity.IntheeyesofwriterslikeLipset,theappealofMcCarthyismextendedbeyondtheagrarianbaseofPopulismtoincludeurbangroupssuchasindustrialworkers.Lipsetclaimedthat“thelowerclasses,especiallytheworkers”hadbackedMcCarthy.Inamoresweepingfashion,LewisFeuerclaimedthat“itwastheAmericanlowerclass...whogavetheiroverwhelmingsupporttotheattacksinrecentyearsincivilliberties.”

Writingafewyearslater,politicalscientistMichaelPaulRoginchallengedthesesuperficiallyplausiblenotions,contendingthattheymerelyembodiedthewriters,ownassumptionsaboutthesupposedintoleranceoflowerclassgroups,ratherthanavalidinterpretationofMcCarthyism.Rogincriticallyexaminedtheirassertionsbythesimplemethodoftestingthemagainsttheevidence.HetestedLipset’sclaimsaboutthecontinuityofMcCarthyismandearlieragrarianprotestmovementsbybreakingdownstatewidevotingstatisticsonacounty-by-countybasis.HefoundthatWisconsincountiesthathadvotedstronglyforProgressivesbeforeWorldWarIIdidnotsupportMcCarthy;McCarthy’ssupportwasconcentratedinhishomeregionandinethnicGermanareasthathadbeentraditionallyconservative.TheoldProgressivevotehadinfactgonetoMcCarthy’sopponents,theDemocrats.

TotestLipset’sgeneralizationsaboutMcCarthy’ssupportamongclassgroups,Roginattemptedtodeterminewhetherindustrialworkershad,infact,backedMcCarthy.Correlatingincomeandemploymentstatisticswithvotingrecords,RoginfoundthatthegreatertheemploymentinindustryinagivenWisconsincounty,thelowerwasMcCarthy’sshareofthevote.Roginconcludedthatthethesisof“McCarthyismasPopulism”shouldbejudged“notastheproductofsciencebutasa...ventureintoconservativepoliticaltheory.’’

1.TheauthorwouldprobablyassertthePopulismandMcCarthyism（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredthatRogin’smostseriouscriticismofLipset,Feuer,andShils’smethodologywouldprobablybethatthey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,RoginconcludedthatthewritingsofLipset,ShilsandFeuer（）.

4.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問題1選項

A.werecompletelyoppositeincharacter

B.wereresponsesto,respectively,agrarianandindustrialconditions

C.wereessentiallydissimilarmovementsthatsharedsomecommonfeatures

D.eachhadbothaprogressiveandadarkerside

問題2選項

A.reachedincorrectconclusionsaboutMcCarthy

B.failedtoexaminetheevidencethatcouldsupportorweakentheirconclusions

C.equatedsupportforMcCarthyismwithanti-intellectualism

D.placedtoomuchemphasisonthedualcharacterofPopulism

問題3選項

A.intentionallydistortedhistoricalevidence

B.wereflawedbypoliticalpresuppositions

C.lentsupporttoattackoncivilliberties

D.weremarkedbyanti-intellectualbias

問題4選項

A.discoveriesdescribinganinstanceofflawedhistoricalanalysis

B.advocatingtheuseofstatisticalmethodsinhistoricalresearch

C.examiningthesimilaritiesbetweentwopoliticalmovements

D.explainingwhyhistoricalconclusionsshouldberevisedaccordingtolaterrevelations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的內容，二十世紀五十年代，美國社會思想家將民粹主義的陰暗面和反共產(chǎn)主義運動進行相提并論和比較，說明是有共同之處的，選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，羅金對李普塞特、福伊爾和希爾斯的方法論進行了驗證，最嚴厲的批評是，二者都沒有對自己的觀點給出證據(jù)。選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，羅金的總結是，麥卡錫主義不應該被判定為科學的產(chǎn)物，而是一種保守政治理論。選項B符合題意。

4.主旨題。作者首先提出了麥卡錫主義和民粹主義理論，接著提出羅金對他們方法論做出了驗證，最后表明將麥卡錫主義比作民粹主義的理論不應被判定為科學的產(chǎn)物，而是一種政治領域的探索。選項D符合題意。

2.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

問題1選項

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項exceedingly“非常，極其”；B選項excessively“過度地”；C選項extensively“廣大地，廣泛地”；D選項exclusively“唯一地”。根據(jù)valuable（很重要的，寶貴的）可知A選項最為恰當，表示“非常有價值”。句意：你的建議對他非常有價值，因為他現(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么。

3.單選題

Indiaisacountrywhosepopulation（）thatofChina.

問題1選項

A.isfirstexcept

B.hassecondplaceto

C.issecondonlyto

D.comesecondfollowing

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：印度是人口僅次于中國的國家。besecondonlyto是固定搭配，意思是“僅次于”，沒有A，B，D的搭配用法。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Researchersproducedevidencetosupportwhatmostofusalreadyknew—thatacupofteaistheanswertoanycrisis.

Dr.MalcolmCross,apsychologistatCityUniversityLondon,testedtheanxietylevelsofagroupofpeoplefollowinga（1）

situationandrevealedthatevenasinglecupofteahasa（2）

calmingeffect.Histeamgave42volunteersamentalarithmeticexamand（3）

offeredhalfofthemacupofteaandtheotherhalfaglassofwater.Thewatergroup’sanxietylevelssoared（4）

25percentcomparedwithbeforethetask,（5）

theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety—despitethedifficulttest,theywererelaxedthanwhentheystared.

Accordingtoasurveycarriedoutfortheresearch,68percentofBritons（6）

teainadilemma,makingitthenation’smostcommonresponsetotroubleof（7）

kind.About60percentsaidthepromiseofcomfortandwarmthwasthemainreasonforputtingthekettleon.“The（8）

ofmakinganddrinkingtea—particularlyduringtimesofstress—isatthevery（9）

ofBritishculture,”Crosssaid.

Thisstudyshowsthatthesocialpsychological（10）

ofteaenhancetheeffectsofitschemicalmake-uponourbodiesandbrains.

問題1選項

A.light-hearted

B.serious

C.comfortable

D.stressful

問題2選項

A.significant

B.rigorous

C.severe

D.selective

問題3選項

A.previously

B.afterwards

C.besides

D.lately

問題4選項

A.on

B.in

C.by

D.at

問題5選項

A.while

B.however

C.meanwhile

D.nevertheless

問題6選項

A.giveup

B.oweto

C.lookon

D.turnto

問題7選項

A.whichever

B.whatever

C.however

D.whoever

問題8選項

A.ceremony

B.function

C.ritual

D.observance

問題9選項

A.beginning

B.moment

C.end

D.core

問題10選項

A.aspects

B.faces

C.sites

D.ways

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查形容詞辨析。A選項light-hearted“輕松的”；B選項serious“嚴肅的”；C選項comfortable“愜意的”；D選項stressful“緊張的，有壓力的”。句意：倫敦城市大學的心理學家馬爾科姆?克羅斯博士測試了一組人在________情況下的焦慮水平，發(fā)現(xiàn)即使是一杯茶也有鎮(zhèn)靜作用。根據(jù)語境，需要鎮(zhèn)靜的情況只有當人處于緊張的狀態(tài)，所以stressful“緊張的，有壓力的”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

2.考查形容詞辨析。A選項significant“有效的”；B選項rigorous“嚴密的”；C選項severe“嚴峻的；劇烈的”；D選項selective“有選擇性的”。句意：發(fā)現(xiàn)即使是一杯茶也有________的鎮(zhèn)靜作用。根據(jù)語境，significant“有效的”形容effect“作用”比較合理，符合題意。因此A選項正確。

3.考查詞義辨析。A選項previously“預先”；B選項afterwards“然后”；C選項besides“以及”；D選項lately“近來”。句意：他的團隊給42名志愿者進行了心算測試，________給其中一半人一杯茶，另一半人一杯水。根據(jù)語境和橫線前面的and得知是先做測試再給水或茶，所以afterwards“然后”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

4.考查固定搭配。A選項soaron非固定搭配；B選項soarin非固定搭配；C選項soarby“激增了……”；D選項“激增到……”。句意：與任務前相比，喝水對比組的焦慮水平飆升________25%。根據(jù)下文theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety（喝茶對比組的焦慮感實際上減少了4%），可知這里在對喝水對比組和喝茶對比組的結果進行說明，可推測結果在內容方面一致，所以soarby“激增了……”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

5.考查語法。句意：________喝茶對比組的焦慮感實際上減少了4%。4個選項意思都為然而。A選項while引導從句；B選項however，C選項meanwhile和D選項nevertheless后面緊跟逗號，橫線后面為完整的從句，所以A選項while符合題意。因此A選項正確。

6.考查詞組辨析。A選項giveup“放棄”；B選項oweto“由于”；C選項lookon“看待”；D選項turnto“求助于”。句意：這項調查顯示，68%的英國人在遇到兩難困境時會________喝茶，這使得喝茶成為英國人面對麻煩時最普遍的應對方式。根據(jù)語境，這里指人們選擇通過喝茶幫助自己脫離那個焦慮的困境，所以turnto“求助于”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

7.考查代詞辨析。A選項whichever“無論哪個”；B選項whatever“無論什么”；C選項however“無論如何”；D選項whoever“無論是誰”。句意：這項調查顯示，68%的英國人在遇到兩難困境時會求助于喝茶，這使得喝茶成為英國人面對________種類的麻煩時最普遍的應對方式。根據(jù)語境，這里指無論遇到什么麻煩，人們選擇喝茶，所以whatever“無論什么”比較符合題意。因此B選項正確。

8.考查形容詞辨析。A選項ceremony“（公共或宗教的）典禮；（正式或傳統(tǒng)的）禮節(jié)”；B選項function“盛大的集會”；C選項ritual“習慣；（尤指）宗教儀式”；D選項observance“宗教（或傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日）的儀式”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的________——尤其是在壓力大的時候。根據(jù)語境，在壓力大的時候喝茶是一種習慣，所以ritual“習慣”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

9.考查形容詞辨析。A選項beginning“開始”；B選項moment“時刻”；C選項end“結束”；D選項core“核心”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的習慣——尤其是在壓力大的時候——是英國文化的________。根據(jù)語境，這里指喝茶是英國文化中不容忽視的一部分，所以core“核心”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

10.考查形容詞辨析。A選項aspects“方面”；B選項faces“表面；面部”；C選項sites“地點”；D選項ways“方法”。句意：這項研究表明，茶在社會心理________增強了其化學成分對我們身體和大腦的影響。根據(jù)語境，這里是指從社會心理的角度來說，茶對我們的影響更大了，所以aspects“方面”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

問題1選項

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動詞。glad為形容詞，表示“高興的，樂意的”，需與be動詞搭配，故排除C、D選項。studentsandteachersalike為插入語，是對主語everybody的解釋說明，不影響謂語動詞的選擇，因此謂語動詞應選用is，故本題正確答案為B選項。

6.單選題

Althoughwetriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,wewere（

）bythenoisefromthenextroom.

問題1選項

A.displaced

B.distracted

C.dispersed

D.discarded

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。displace“取代”；distract“分心”；disperse“分散，傳播”；discard“丟棄”。句意：盡管我們盡力將精力集中在講座上，但注意力還是被隔壁房間的噪聲給分散了。選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

SomeinfluentialfriendshelpedJohntogetagoodjob.

問題1選項

A.capable

B.effective

C.powerful

D.efficient

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項capable“有能力的，有才干的（側重做某項具體行為的能力）”；B選項effective“有效的，起作用的”；C選項powerful“有權勢的，有影響力的”；D選項efficient“有效率的，有能力的（一般是在某項工作或任務上）”。句意：一些有影響力的朋友幫助約翰找到了一份好工作。在本句中，原劃線詞的意思是“有影響力的”，因此他們應該是很有話語權的/影響力，因此C選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Theprodigalsonspenthismoneyextravagantlyandsoonafterhelefthomehewasreducedtoabeggar.

問題1選項

A.lavishly

B.economically

C.thriftily

D.extrovertly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。extravagantly在句中是“揮霍無度地”；A選項lavishly“浪費地”；B選項economically“經(jīng)濟地，經(jīng)濟學地”；C項thriftily“節(jié)儉地”；D選項extrovertly“外向地”。句意：這個浪子揮霍錢財，離家不久就淪為乞丐。根據(jù)選項，只有A項符合。

9.單選題

ItwouldappearthatKennedypursuedapolicyattimesmorerigidthanthatofEisenhower,thathefearedChinamoreintenselyandthatheplacatedChiangKai-shekmoreassiduously.

問題1選項

A.provascularly

B.arbitratively

C.formidably

D.sedulously

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義副詞辨析。A選項provascularly和B選項arbitratively形式的副詞不存在；C選項formidably“強大地；難對付地；可怕地”；D選項sedulously“孜孜不倦地；勤勉地”。句意：肯尼迪奉行的政策有時似乎比艾森豪威爾的更為嚴格，他更害怕中國，更積極地安撫蔣介石。assiduously“刻苦地；勤勉地”，D選項與該詞詞意最相近，因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

Sofar,thegovernmentofthatcountryliasdone（）nothingtocombatthethreatofnuclearaccidents.

問題1選項

A.perceptibly

B.vitally

C.practically

D.identically

【答案】C

【解析】句意:到目前為止，那個國家的政府事實上沒有做任何事情去應對核事故脅。

考查副詞辨析。perceptibly顯然地，看得出地；vitally緊要地，生死攸關地；practically幾乎，事實上；identically同一地，相等地。因此C符合句意。

11.寫作題

Directions:Presentyourperspectiveontheissuebelow,usingrelevantreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.

Someeducationalsystemsemphasizethedevelopmentofstudent’scapacityforreasoningandlogicalthinking,butstudentswouldbenefitmorefromaneducationthatalsotaughtthemtoexploretheirownemotions.Writeacompositionofabout400wordsentitledStudentsWouldBenefitsMorefromanEducationofEmotions.

【答案】【略】

12.單選題

Herheartwasfilledwithcompassionforthemotherlesschildren.

問題1選項

A.sympathy

B.regret

C.wistfulness

D.sorrow

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項sympathy“同情，憐憫，同情心”；B選項regret“后悔，歉意”；C選項wistfulness“渴望，傷感，沉思”；D選項sorrow“悲傷，哀傷，痛苦”。句意：她對那些沒有母親的孩子充滿同情。Compassion“憐憫，同情，同情心”，A選項的意思與該單詞最相近，因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

Wetalkaboutthe“memory”ofacomputerby（）withthebrainofahumanbeing.

問題1選項

A.contrast

B.analogy

C.analysis

D.correspondence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項contrast“對比；差別”；B選項analogy“類比”；C選項analysis“分析”；D選項correspondence“一致”。句意：我們談論電腦的“記憶”，是通過與人類的大腦作……的方式。填入的名詞受其后的介詞短語withthebrainofahumanbeing“與人類的大腦”修飾，我們會常把計算機的memory“記憶”比作人類的大腦。因此B選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

問題1選項

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

問題2選項

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

問題3選項

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

問題4選項

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

問題5選項

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”兩種戲劇都使用音樂。最初，男性在能劇和歌舞伎劇中同時扮演男性和女性角色。選項A和C均正確，所以本題選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知選項A錯誤；選項B和C都是描述能劇的，所以只有選項D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后三段的內容可知，選項C和D是描述歌舞伎劇，首先排除；選項B在文中沒有提及；選項A符合原文，所以正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎劇清楚地展現(xiàn)了這些商人的品味和思想。選項B符合原文。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后幾句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知選項A和B都有提及，所以選項D正確。

15.單選題

Alwayssincethecreationofcelluloid,plasticshavebeenfoundtohaveamultitudeofindustrialandcommercialuses.

問題1選項

A.Always

B.plastics

C.tohave

D.amultitudeof

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)題意，A選項句首應該為eversince“自從”，句意：自從發(fā)明了電影膠片，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料有很多商業(yè)和工業(yè)的用途。選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

OrdinarilythesurfaceoftheplanetisnearlyattheboHingpointofwateronEarth,100.2-101°Caccordingtothedatafromtheorbitingsatellite.

問題1選項

A.surfaceoftheplanet

B.nearlyatthe

C.boHingpoint

D.fromtheorbitingsatellite

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

17.單選題

Ifnoacquisitionwascognizedasrightfuleveninaprovisionalway（）enteringthecivilcondition,thecivilconditionitselfwouldbeimpossible.

問題1選項

A.anteriorbefore

B.posteriorto

C.priorbefore

D.priorto

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析和固定搭配。anterior“先前的”；posteriorto“晚于”；priorto“居先”；prior“優(yōu)先的”。句意：如果獲取行為被認為是合理的，甚至是以暫時的方式提前申請民用條件，那么民用條件本身變得不可能。選項D符合題意。

18.單選題

Theteacher'roleisnotsimplyto（）knowledgetostudent;heshouldalsosetagoodexampleforthem.

問題1選項

A.provide

B.impart

C.share

D.stretch

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義解析。provide“提供”；impart“傳授，給予”；share“分享，分擔”，stretch“伸展，消耗”。句意：教師的責任不僅僅是給學生傳授知識，也應該樹立起一個好的榜樣。選項B符合題意。

19.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Tofightchildhoodobesity.

B.Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.

C.Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.

D.Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.

問題2選項

A.TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.

B.Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.

C.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.

D.Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.

問題3選項

A.Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.

B.Alwaysplacekid’sinterestfirst.

C.Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.

D.Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Today,I’dliketotalkaboutwhathappenswhencelebrityrolemodelsgetbehindhealthyhabitsbutatthesametimepromotejunkfood?[23]Currently,thereismountingcriticismofMichelleObama’sLet’sMove!Campaign,whichfightschildhoodobesitybyencouragingyoungsterstobecomemorephysicallyactive,andhassignedonsingerBeyonce,andbasketballplayerShaquilleO’Neal,bothofwhomalsoendorsesodas,whichareamajorcontributortotheobesityepidemic.Nowthere’salotmoreevidenceofhowpowerfulacelebrity—especiallyaprofessionalathlete—canbeininfluencingchildren’sbehavior.

InareportpublishedbytheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity,researchersstudied100professionalathletesandtheirendorsementcontracts.Theteamfocusedonathletessincetheyaretheoreticallythebestrolemodelsforactive,healthylifestylesforchildren.Aftersortingthedealsbycategory,theydeterminedthatamongthe512brandsassociatedwiththeathletes,mostinvolvedsportinggoods,followedcloselybyfoodandbeveragebrands.

Sportsdrinks,whichareoftenhighinsugarandcaloriesmadeupmostofthefoodanddrinkdeals,withsoftdrinksandfastfoodfillingouttheremainder.Ofthe46beveragesendorsedbyprofessionalathletes,93%reliedexclusivelyonsugarforalloftheircalories.

It’snosurprisethathighprofileathletescaninfluencechildren’seatingbehaviors,butthescientistswereabletoquantifyhowprevalenttheseendorsementsareinthechildren’senvironment.Advertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletesandtheirendorsedproductstendtogetimpressiveexposure,onTV,radio,inprintandonline.Andin2010,[24]theresearchersreportedthatchildrenages12to17sawmoreathlete-endorsedfoodandbeveragebrandcommercialsthanadults.

Onereasonanycampaignwantsapopularcelebrityspokespersonisbecausekidsareattractedtothemnomatterwhattheyaredoing.Wecan’texpectkidstoturnoffthatadmirationwhenthesamepersonissellingsugar.Atbest,kidsmightbeconfused.Atworst,they’llthinkthemessagesaboutsodaarethesameasthemessagesaboutwater.Butthosetwobeveragesaren’tthesame.

Ifchildrenareturningtoathletesasrolemodels,it’sintheirbestinterestiftheiridolsareconsistent.[25]Consistentmessagingofpositivebehaviorswillshowhealthierlifestylesforkidstofollow.

23.WhatistheaimofMichelleObama’scampaign?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問米歇爾?奧巴馬競選的目的是什么？錄音開頭提到目前針對米歇爾?奧巴馬的“讓我們動起來”的運動有越來越多的評論，該運動鼓勵孩子多參加運動來對抗兒童肥胖。因此米歇爾?奧巴馬發(fā)起該運動的目的就是對抗兒童肥胖，A選項與原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項“幫助弱勢兒童”；C選項“敦促孩子們跟隨他們的榜樣”在錄音中均未提及；D選項“鼓勵孩子多運動”最具干擾性，這是對抗兒童肥胖的方式，并不是最終的目的，因此不正確。

24.Whatdoesresearchfindaboutadvertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletes?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關于職業(yè)運動員廣告的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？根據(jù)錄音，2010年，研究人員報道指出，12到17歲的孩子比成年人看更多由運動員代言的食品和飲料品牌的廣告。也就是說，由專業(yè)運動員代言的廣告給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的更深刻。D選項“他們給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的印象更深刻”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“出現(xiàn)在電視上最有效”；B選項“放在網(wǎng)上時最能促進產(chǎn)品銷量”，利用TV和online設置干擾項，錄音原文并沒有對這些廣告出現(xiàn)在什么地方最有效進行對此，因此可排除；C選項“它們變得越來越普遍”在錄音中并未提及，因此也可排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkkids’idolsshoulddo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者認為孩子們的偶像應該做什么？錄音最后提到，如果孩子們以運動員為榜樣，如果他們的這些偶像能夠始終如一，那么孩子們將得到最大的益處。持續(xù)傳達積極行為的信息能向孩子們展現(xiàn)他們應該要追隨的更健康的生活方式，所以講話人認為孩子們的偶像應該一直傳達積極行為的信息。D選項中的atalltimes是錄音中consistent的同義表達，因此D選項“時刻傳達積極的行為”正確。A選項“做他們向公眾提倡的事情”；B選項“總是把孩子的利益放在首位”以及C選項“在孩子面前注意他們的形象”在錄音中均沒有提及，因此排除。

20.單選題

ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”

Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides（殺蟲劑）.Sayshe:“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushrooms（磨菇）mightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives（添加劑）.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’vegotfatworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”

Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.

Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,stiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychain,fromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens.

1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheAmericans'viewoftheirfood?

2.Theauthorconsidersitimpossibletoobtainno-riskfoodbecause（）.

3.Bysaying"theyemploychemicalwarfare"（Line3,Para.2）,BruceAmesmeans（）.

4.Thereductionofthepossiblehazardsinfoodultimatelydependson（）.

5.Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstoconveyinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyoverstatethegovernment'sinterferencewiththefoodindustry.

B.Theyareoveroptimisticaboutthesafetyoftheirfood.

C.Theyoverestimatethehazardsoftheirfood.

D.Theyoverlooktherisksofthefoodtheyeat.

問題2選項

A.nofoodisfreefrompollutionintheenvironment

B.pesticidesarewidelyusedinagriculture

C.manyvegetablescontaindangerousnaturalchemicals

D.almostallfoodshaveadditives

問題3選項

A.plantsproducecertainchemicalstocombatpestsanddiseases

B.plantsabsorbusefulchemicalstopromotetheirgrowth

C.farmersuseman-madechemicalstodissolvethenaturalchemicalsinplants

D.farmersusechemicalstoprotectplantsagainstpestsanddiseases

問題4選項

A.thegovernment

B.theconsumer

C.theprocessor

D.thegrower

問題5選項

A.Eatinganddrinkinghavebecomemorehazardousthanbefore.

B.Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoimprovefoodproductionandprocessing.

C.Healthfoodisnotadreaminmodernsociety.

D.Thereisreasonforcautionbutnocauseforalarmwithregardtofoodconsumption.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.”許多美國人嚴重扭曲和夸大了食品的危害。選項C符合原文。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.”可知選項A符合原文。

3.詞義題。結合上下文可知，本句意為：因為植物沒有下顎和牙齒來保護自己，所以它們會產(chǎn)生某種化學物質。選項A符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.”也許最重要的是，消費者將不得不更好地學習如何正確處理和烹飪食物。選項B正確。

5.主旨大意題。結合全文內容，首段提到美國人嚴重扭曲和夸大了食品的危害，尾段提到政府可以采取措施管控，但關鍵在于消費者。也就是說，對于食品消費，我們有理由謹慎，但沒有理由驚慌。選項D符合原文。

21.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto（

）tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問題1選項

A.obey

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】obey服從，聽從；conform遵守，使一致，順從；concede承認，退讓；observe觀察，注意到，評論。句意：所有個人都必須遵守政府制定的法律。選項B符合句意。

22.不定項選擇題

Massivebuildings,fast-paceddevelopment,andeconomicgrowththatflourishesasmuchasitsgreenery,thebustlingmetropolisofSingaporeoverflowswith__21__businesses,marketsandtrade.Butwhatreallythriveswithinthecityis__22__whattheeyessee.MadeupofChinese,Malay,Indianandvariousotherethnicities,culturalheritageiswhatmakesSingapore,Singapore—acongregationofdifferentcultures__23__inonecongenialspace.

CulturalheritageisanimportantpartofaSingaporean’s__24__.Itishowone__25__theirthoughts,beliefsandwayoflife.Culturalheritageisalso__26__inSingapore’spotpourrioffestivals.Thewarm__27__extendstoneighbors,friendsandfamily,__28__race,__29__orreligion.And__30__differentthesecelebrationsmaybe,theyallhave__31__commonalities:reunions,traditional__32__andwell-wishing.

Culturalheritagemakesand__33__theSingaporeweseetoday.However,withthefastpaceoflifeinacitythatis__34__evolvingtomoveaheadwiththetimes,keepingculturalheritageasan__35__partofeverydaylifeismoreimportantthaneverbefore.To__36__theSingaporeculturalidentity,sometraditionalbusi