考研考博-英語-蘭州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Asquicklyaspossible，thedoctorappliesicepackstoyourinjury.Ice（

）swellingandinflammation.

問題1選項

A.fastens

B.deters

C.encourages

D.fixes

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞辨析。fasten“使固定”；deter“阻止”；encourage“鼓勵”；fix“修理”。句意：冰能夠阻止腫脹和發(fā)炎。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Sincehisloyalsupportersareallentrenchedinpowerfulandkeypositions,tooverturnhismilitaryregimewillnotbeaneasything.

問題1選項

A.estrange

B.emerged

C.fixed

D.lingered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。entrench“確立，牢固；挖掘”；A選項estrange“使疏遠(yuǎn)；離間”；B選項emerge“浮現(xiàn)；擺脫；暴露”的現(xiàn)在分詞；C選項fix“使牢固；修理；安裝；固定”；D選項linger“徘徊；茍延殘喘”。句意：由于他忠實(shí)的支持者都牢固地處于強(qiáng)有力且關(guān)鍵的位置，所以去推翻他的軍事政權(quán)將不是一件容易的事情。題干說到“tooverturnhismilitaryregimewillnotbeaneasything去推翻他的軍事政權(quán)將不是一件容易的事情”，可知entrench在這里有“牢固”的意思，因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully______.

問題1選項

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項admit“承認(rèn)，允許”，尤其指“不情愿地承認(rèn)”，特別是一些與自己行為有關(guān)的不好的事情；B項acknowledge“承認(rèn)，答謝”，通常指公開承認(rèn)某事的真實(shí)情況或自己的過錯；C項absorb“吸收，理解”，D項consider“認(rèn)為，考慮”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞suggestion“建議”可知，空格部分表示“采納，考慮”符合語境。句意：在這家工廠，建議往往要等上幾個月才能被充分考慮。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

4.翻譯題

Thesupposed“consensus”onman-madeglobalwarmingisfacinganinconvenientchallenge,afterthereleaseofnewtemperaturedatashowingtheplanethasnotwarmedforthepast15years.Thefiguressuggestthatwecouldevenbeheadingforaminiiceagetorivalthe70-yeartemperaturedropthatsawfrostfairsheldontheThamesinthe17thCentury.Basedonreadingsfrommorethan30.000measuringstations,thedatawasissuedlastweekwithoutfanfarebytheMetOfficeandtheUniversityofEastAngliaClimaticResearchUnit.Itconfirmsthattherisingtrendinworldtemperaturesendedin1997.Meanwhile,leadingclimatescientistsyesterdaytoldTheMailonSundaythat,afteremittingunusuallyhighlevelsofenergythroughoutthe20thCentury,thesunisnowheadingtowardsa"grandminimum"initsoutput,threateningcoldsummers,bitterwintersandashorteningoftheseasonavailableforgrowingfood.Solaroutputgoesthrough11-yearcycles,withhighnumbersofsunspotsseenattheirpeak.Wearenowatwhatshouldbethepeakofwhatscientistscall"Cycle24'—whichiswhylastweek'ssolarstormresultedinsightingsoftheauroraborealisfurthersouththanusual.Butsunspotnumbersarerunningatlessthanhalfthoseseenduringcyclepeaksinthe20thCentury.

AnalysisbyexpertsatNASAandtheUniversityofArizona―derivedfrommagnetic-fieldmeasurements120,000milesbeneaththesun'ssurface—suggestthatcycle25,whosepeakisduein2022,willbeagreatdealweakerstill.AccordingtoapaperissuedlastweekbytheMetOffice,thereisa92percentchancethatbothcycle25andthosetakingplaceinthefollowingdecadeswillbeaspeakas,orweakerthanthe"Daltonminimum”of1790to1830.Inthisperiod,namedafterthemeteorologistJohnDalton,averagetemperaturesinpartsofEuropefellby2°C.However,itisalsopossiblethatthenewsolarenergyslumpcouldbeasdeepasthe“Maunderminimum"(afterastronomerEdwardMaundeo,between1645and1715inthecoldestpartofthe"LittleIceAge"when,aswellastheThamesfrostfairs,thecanalsofHollandfrozesolid.

【答案】新的氣溫數(shù)據(jù)顯示，地球在過去15年沒有變暖。這一數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布之后，人為造成全球變暖的所謂“共識”面臨棘手的挑戰(zhàn)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我們可能即將經(jīng)歷小冰河期，堪比那次70年的降溫期。在17世紀(jì)，泰晤士河都冰凍了。上周，英國氣象局和東安格利亞大學(xué)氣候研究中心悄無聲息地發(fā)布了來自3萬多個測量站的讀數(shù)，確認(rèn)全球氣溫上升趨勢終止于1997年。昨日主流氣候科學(xué)家對《星期日郵報》稱，太陽在整個20世紀(jì)釋放出異乎尋常的高能量，現(xiàn)在正走向其輸出能量的“最低值”，人類將面臨冷夏、凜冬以及糧食種植季節(jié)縮短。太陽活動周期為11年，在高峰期會出現(xiàn)大量太陽黑子。我們現(xiàn)在正處于科學(xué)家所稱“第24個周期”中的高峰期，這就是為什么上周太陽風(fēng)暴會導(dǎo)致比往常更偏南的位置出現(xiàn)北極光。但是，太陽黑子的數(shù)量還不到20世紀(jì)太陽活動周期峰值的一半。

美國國家航空航天局和亞利桑那大學(xué)的專家對太陽表面以下12萬英里處的磁場測量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析，結(jié)果表明，第25個太陽活動周期的峰值將于2022年到來，其強(qiáng)度仍將大大減弱。據(jù)英國氣象局上周發(fā)布的一份報告，第25個太陽活動周期和隨后幾十年的周期，有92%的幾率達(dá)到或弱于1790年至1830年的“道爾頓最低點(diǎn)”。在以氣象學(xué)家約翰·道爾頓命名這段時期中，歐洲部分地區(qū)的平均氣溫下降了2攝氏度。然而，這次新的太陽能量暴跌也有可能達(dá)到“蒙德最低點(diǎn)”(以天文學(xué)家愛德華·蒙德的名字命名)的幅度，也就是1645年到1715年的“小冰河期”最冷的時候，那時荷蘭的運(yùn)河、泰晤士河都冰封凍結(jié)了。

5.單選題

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（

）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

問題1選項

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如聯(lián)合王國（英國）的其它地方那樣，義務(wù)教育在蘇格蘭開始于5歲，

結(jié)束于16歲。

考查形容詞辨析。Compelling引人入勝的,扣人心弦的,非常強(qiáng)烈的,不可抗拒的;forced被迫的,不得已的,勉強(qiáng)的;obliged有義務(wù)的;compulsory(因法律或規(guī)則而)必須做的，強(qiáng)制的，強(qiáng)迫的。此處指國家對義務(wù)教育的規(guī)定,故D符合句意。

6.單選題

（

）,Idonotlikehimasaman.

問題1選項

A.Iadmirehimasmuchasawriter

B.AsIadmirehimasawriter

C.MuchasIadmirehimasawriter

D.AsmuchIadmireasawriter

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管我欽佩他是一名作家，但是我卻不喜歡他這個人。

語法題?？疾閍s引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。As引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句表示“盡管,即使”時要使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):副詞+as+主語+謂語,故選C。

7.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmangersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysexceptto（

）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbereferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

問題1選項

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.

B.identifyaproblem.

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts.

D.stipulatecleargoals.

問題2選項

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

問題3選項

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblemsManagerXdoesnot.

問題4選項

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

C.Managers’intuitionwinkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

問題5選項

A.Anassertionisnudeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段提到高級經(jīng)理們有五種方式來使用直覺：1.他們直覺得感到有問題存在；2.他們依靠直覺迅速做出訓(xùn)練有素的行為模式；3.利用直覺來對圖片進(jìn)行加工，對碎片信息進(jìn)行整合；4.使用直覺來進(jìn)行理性分析；5.使用直覺來避開深入的分析并立即想出一個可行的方案。選項A符合第五點(diǎn)，選項B符合第一點(diǎn)，選項C符合第三點(diǎn)。因此，選項D符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese提到Isenberg調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)理們依賴于直覺既不是理性的對立面，也不是反復(fù)無常的借口。所以選項D“這些作者誤解了在做商業(yè)決定時經(jīng)理們?nèi)绾问褂弥庇X”符合題意。

3.本題的題干是假設(shè)經(jīng)理X使用直覺做決定，而經(jīng)理Y使用正式的分析，他們最大的不同是下列哪個選項。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到直覺型經(jīng)理認(rèn)為思考與形容不可分割（Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting）。文章最后一句提到行為只是確定問題，而不是實(shí)施方案，因此選項C符合題意。

4.文章提到直覺型的經(jīng)理們認(rèn)為想和做不可分割，高級經(jīng)理們總是在不同的實(shí)際案例中學(xué)習(xí)更多解決問題的方法，然后利用這些實(shí)踐得來的方法對問題進(jìn)行更深入的了解（seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue），選項D符合題意。

5.文章第一段提到很多高級職業(yè)經(jīng)理人不按照傳統(tǒng)模式而依靠直覺（Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof…Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitionto），選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thisdiplomaisimportant,which（

）thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.

問題1選項

A.amplifies

B.certifies

C.clarifies

D.magnifies

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。A選項amplify“放大，擴(kuò)大”；B選項certify“證明”；C選項clarify“澄清，闡明”；D選項magnify“贊美，夸大”。

句意：這個文憑很重要，它能證明你已經(jīng)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Ishouldliketorentahouse,modern,comfortableand______inaquietenvironment.

問題1選項

A.allinall

B.firstofall

C.afterall

D.aboveall

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項allinall“總而言之，頭等重要的東西”，B項firstofall“首先，最重要的是”，C項afterall“畢竟”，D項aboveall“首先，尤其是”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞modern“現(xiàn)代的”，comfortable“舒適的”和inaquietenvironment“在一個非常安靜的環(huán)境中”可知，空格部分表示“最重要的是”，C項可排除；A、B選項一般放在句首，D項側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)引起特別注意，所以D項符合。句意：我想租一所房子，現(xiàn)代的，舒適的，最重要的是在一個安靜的環(huán)境。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

10.單選題

Thankyouforapplyingforapositionwithourfirm.Wedonothaveanyopeningsatthistime,butweshallkeepyourapplicationon（）fortwomonths.

問題1選項

A.pile

B.segment

C.file

D.sequence

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。keeponfile存檔。句意：謝謝你申請我們公司的職位。目前我們公司職位空缺,但我們會將您的申請保存兩個月。故C項正確。

11.單選題

Whenshelearnedthatshebroketheworldrecord,shefeltanirresistible（）tocryatthewinner'sstand.

問題1選項

A.courtesy

B.demonstrates

C.bravery

D.impulse

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。courtesy"禮貌的",demonstrate"舉行示威游行（或集會）;說明";bravery"勇敢";impulse"突如其來的念頭;剌激,推動力"。句意：當(dāng)她得知自己打破了世界紀(jì)錄時，情不自禁地在領(lǐng)獎臺上落淚了。選項D符合句意。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Shortmessageserviceisamechanismofdeliveryofshortmessagesoverthemobilenetworks.Itisastoreandforwardwayoftransmittingmessagestoandfrommobiles.Themessage(textonly)fromthesendingmobileisstoredinscentralshortmessagecenterwhichthenforwardsittothedestinationmobile.Thismeansthatinthecasethattherecipientisnotavailable;theshortmessageisstoredandcanbesentlater.Eachshortmessagecanbenolongerthan160characters.ThesecharacterscanbetextorbinaryNon-TextShortmessages.AninterestingfeatureofSMSisreturnreceipts.Thismeansthatthesender,ifwishes,cangetasmallmessagenotifyingiftheshortmessagewasdeliveredtotheintendedrecipient.

【答案】短信服務(wù)是通過移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)來傳送短消息的機(jī)制。它是一種在手機(jī)間儲存和發(fā)送信息的途徑。發(fā)送手機(jī)所傳來的信息（純文本）被儲存于中央短消息中心，然后這個中心將它轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到目標(biāo)手機(jī)。也就是說，在這種情況下，收件人收不到消息。短消息是先被儲存后再被發(fā)送。每條短信可能不超過160個字符。這些字符可以是文本，或是二進(jìn)制非文本消息。短信有趣的地方在于有回執(zhí)。就是說，如果收件人成功收到短信，那么發(fā)件人就會收到一條提醒通知。

13.單選題

Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouthisparents’（

）.

問題1選項

A.command

B.conviction

C.consent

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，這里指男孩未經(jīng)父母的允許，consent指同意，贊成，答應(yīng)；選項C符合句意。

14.單選題

Booksdoasmuchharmasgoodandspreadfalsehoodanderror______knowledgeoftruth.

問題1選項

A.nolessthan

B.nomorethan

C.nolessas

D.nomoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項nolessthan“不少于”，B項nomorethan“只是，僅僅”，C項nolessas與D項nomoreas沒有這種用法。句意：書籍所帶來的利弊是均衡的，它們所傳播的謊言和錯誤不少于知識與真理。故正確答案為A。

15.單選題

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeveryfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying—fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowtheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwithnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointsofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarge.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asettingcharacters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarratorstory,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause______.

2.Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,isnevertheless______.

3.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

4.Theauthor’sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith______.

5.Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat______.

問題1選項

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiterarygenre

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation

C.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon

D.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction

問題2選項

A.popular

B.deranged

C.elegant

D.accurate

問題3選項

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.ManandtheUniverse

C.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

D.ATypeofProseFiction

問題4選項

A.thesametopicsaddressedbynovelsandshortstories

B.theunfamiliarorunusual

C.KarelCapek’swell-knownpostulate

D.theconflictbetweenscienceandfiction

問題5選項

A.therearereasonsforenjoyingsciencefiction

B.thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction

C.thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction

D.thosewhocanreadandanalyzefictioncanalsodosowithsciencefiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“科幻小說之所以被稱為文學(xué)流派分支是因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)第三段最后一句Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（科幻小說是散文小說的一個分支，也就是說，它具有一般散文小說的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它與其他所有的小說和短篇故事有很多共同之處）可知，D項“它與其他類型的散文小說有共同的特點(diǎn)”正確；根據(jù)第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines…Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.（許多人似乎認(rèn)為科幻小說以一些老式低俗雜志的封面為代表……這是不幸的，因?yàn)樗H低了一個值得的，甚至是重要的文學(xué)努力）可知，科幻小說是重要的文學(xué)努力，A項“它還不夠重要去成為一種文學(xué)體裁”錯誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction（只有少數(shù)戲劇可以被稱為科幻小說）可知，科幻小說可以以戲劇形式出現(xiàn)，B項“不能以戲劇的形式表演”錯誤；根據(jù)第三段第一句Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone（科幻小說是文學(xué)的一個分支，這一點(diǎn)非常重要）可知，科幻小說就是屬于文學(xué)流派分支，C項“稱其為體裁會使它從屬于文學(xué)流派”也不符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“被低俗雜志推崇的科幻小說這一的觀點(diǎn)盡管是錯誤的，然而它卻是……”。根據(jù)第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines.（許多人似乎認(rèn)為科幻小說以一些老式低俗雜志的封面為代表）可知，這種觀點(diǎn)是非常普遍的，A項“流行的，普遍的”正確；B項“瘋狂的”、C項“優(yōu)雅的”和D項“準(zhǔn)確的”表述都不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題應(yīng)該是……”。通讀全文可知，文章主要是闡述科幻小說的定義，即它和散文小說有共同的特點(diǎn)，屬于文學(xué)流派的分支，故C項“科幻小說的定義”最能概括全文；A項“關(guān)于低俗雜志的不準(zhǔn)確性”和D項“散文小說的一種類型”都只是部分提及；B項“人與宇宙”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者的定義表明，所有科幻小說都涉及……”。根據(jù)第三段最后一句ithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（它具有一般散文小說的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它與其他所有的小說和短篇故事有很多共同之處）以及最后一段中的Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.（科幻小說中的主題的構(gòu)建和呈現(xiàn)方式與其他任何類型的小說的主題處理方式完全相同）可以推斷，A項“與小說和短篇故事一樣的主題”是正確的；B項“不常見的或者是不尋常的事物”和D項“科學(xué)和小說間的沖突”在文中沒有根據(jù)；C項“KarelCapek著名的假設(shè)”，文中第三段只提到了Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown（只有少數(shù)戲劇可以被稱為科幻小說，其中KarelCapek的《Rossum’sUniversalRobots》是唯一著名的），可知C項無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章最后一個句子的含義是……”。文章最后一句話是Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.（簡而言之，閱讀和欣賞科幻小說的原因，以及研究和分析科幻小說的方式，基本上與閱讀其他故事或小說的方式相同）可知，閱讀和欣賞科幻小說的原因以及分析它的方式基本和其他故事或小說的方式基本相同，因此可以反推，能夠閱讀和分析小說的人也能讀科幻小說，故D項“那些能讀和分析小說的人也能讀科幻小說”符合題意；A項“喜歡科幻小說是有原因的”只是句子的一段信息，并不是該句的含義；B項“讀者應(yīng)該求助于一般小說的評論”和C項“讀者沒有理由不喜歡科幻小說”在本句沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

16.單選題

Shakenbytwodecadesofvirtualanarchy,themajorityofpeoplewerereadytobuy_____atanyprice.

問題1選項

A.order

B.emancipation

C.hope

D.liberty

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。order“命令，順序”；emancipation“解放，釋放”；hope“希望”；liberty“自由”。句意：被二十年實(shí)質(zhì)無政府狀態(tài)所動搖，大多數(shù)人們將不惜一切代價購買規(guī)則。選項A符合題意。

17.單選題

IlostmysightwhenIwasfouryearsoldbyfallingoffaboxcarinafreightyardinAtlanticCityandlandingonmyhead.NowIamthirtytwo.Icanvaguelyrememberthebrightnessofsunshineandwhatcolorredis.Itwouldbewonderfultoseeagain,butacalamitycandostrangethingstopeople.ItoccurredtometheotherdaythatImightnothavecometolovelifeasIdoifhadn'tbeenblind.Ibelieveinlifenow.IamnotsosurethatIwouldhavebelievedinitsodeeply,otherwise,Idon'tmeanthatIwouldprefertogowithoutmyeyes.IsimplymeanthatthelossofthemmademeappreciatethemorewhatIhadleft.

Life,Ibelieve,asksacontinuousseriesofadjustmentstoreality.Themorereadilyapersonisabletomaketheseadjustments,themoremeaningfulhisownprivateworldbecomes.Theadjustmentisnevereasy.Iwasbewilderedandafraid.ButIwaslucky.Myparentsandmyteacherssawsomethinginmeapotentialtolive,youmightcallit―whichIdidn'tsee,andtheymademewanttofightitoutwithblindness.

ThehardestlessonIhadtolearnwastobelieveinmyself.Thatwasbasic.If1hadn'tbeenabletodothat,Iwouldhavecollapsedandbecomeachairrockeronthefrontporchfortherestofmylife.WhenIsaybeliefinmyselfIamnottalkingaboutsimplythekindofself-confidencethathelpsmedownanunfamiliarstaircasealone.Thatispartofit.ButImeansomethingbiggerthanthat:anassurancethatIam,despiteimperfections,areal,positiveperson;thatsomewhereinthesweeping,intricatepatternofpeoplethereisaspecialplacewhereIcanmakemyselffit.

Ittookmeyearstodiscoverandstrengthenthisassurance.Ithadtostartwiththemostelementarythings.Onceamangavemeanindoorbaseball,IthoughthewasmockingmeandIwashurt.‘Ican'tusethis.’Isaid.‘Takeitwithyou’,heurgedme,‘a(chǎn)ndrollitaround’.Thewordsstuckinmyhead.‘Rollitaround?’.ByrollingtheballIcouldhearwhereitwent.ThisgavemeanideahowtoachieveagoalIhadthoughtimpossible:playingbaseball.AtPhiladelphia'sOverbrookSchoolfortheBlindIinventedasuccessfulvariationofbaseball.Wecalleditgroundball.

AllmylifeIhavesetaheadofmeaseriesofgoalsandthentriedtoreachthem,oneatatime.Ihadtolearnmylimitations.ItwasnogoodtotryforsomethingIknewatthestartwaswildlyoutofreachbecausethatonlyinvitedthebitternessoffailure.IwouldfailsometimesanywaybutontheaverageImadeprogress.

1.Theauthorofthestorylosthiseyesightbyaccidentwhenhewasfouryearsold.T/F

2.Theauthorthinksthatheisveryluckytohavebecomeblindbecausehecandosomethingmoremeaningfulnow.T/F

3.Theauthorbegantoadjusthimselftotherealityofbeingblindwiththehelpofhisparentsandteachers.T/F

4.Theauthorwasneverafraidofmakinganyadjustmentsandhisprivateworldthusbecamemoremeaningful.T/F

5.Theauthorwouldhavebecomeauselesspersonifhehadnotlearnedtobelieveinhimself.T/F

6.Asablindman,theauthorwasverynervouseverytimehewentdownanunfamiliarstaircasealone.T/F

7.Oncetheauthorwasgivenanindoorbaseball,andhefeltdeeplyhurtandbecamesuspiciousofpeoplearound.T/F

8.Learningtoplaygroundballisjustoneofthemostelementarythingsthathelpedstrengthenhisassurance.T/F

9.Whatevergoalhesetaheadofhimself,hewasalwayssuccessful.T/F

10.Thestorytellsusthatapersoncanalwaysdosomethingmeaningfuldespitesomeimperfectionsinhimselforherself.T/F

問題1選項

A.T

B.F

問題2選項

A.T

B.F

問題3選項

A.T

B.F

問題4選項

A.T

B.F

問題5選項

A.T

B.F

問題6選項

A.T

B.F

問題7選項

A.T

B.F

問題8選項

A.T

B.F

問題9選項

A.T

B.F

問題10選項

A.T

B.F

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】1.文中第一段“IlostmysightwhenIwasfouryearsoldbyfallingoffaboxcarinafreightyardinAtlanticCityandlandingonmyhead.當(dāng)我四歲的時候，我在大西洋城的一個貨場里的一輛箱式汽車上掉下來，頭撞在地上，失去了視力。”可知該陳述正確。

2.由第一段中“Idon'tmeanthatIwouldprefertogowithoutmyeyes.IsimplymeanthatthelossofthemmademeappreciatethemorewhatIhadleft.我不是說我寧愿失明，我的意思是，失去它們使我更感激我所留下的?！笨赏浦白髡卟灰宰约菏鞫鴳c幸”，故該陳述“作者認(rèn)為自己失明是非常幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在他可以做一些更有意義的事情”不正確。

3.由第二段中第一句“Life,Ibelieve,asksacontinuousseriesofadjustmentstoreality.我相信，生活要求對現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)行一系列持續(xù)的調(diào)整”及最后一句中“...theymademewanttofightitoutwithblindness.他們（即我的父母和老師）讓我想與失明作斗爭”可推斷該陳述“在他的父母和老師的幫助下，作者開始調(diào)整自己接受失明的現(xiàn)實(shí)”正確。

4.由第二段中“Iwasbewilderedandafraid.我感到困惑和害怕”，知該陳述“Theauthorwasneverafraidofmakinganyadjustments...作者從未害怕做任何調(diào)整”與原文不符；故該陳述不正確。

5.由第三段中“IfIhadn'tbeenabletodothat,Iwouldhavecollapsedandbecomeachairrockeronthefrontporchfortherestofmylife.如果我未曾那樣做，我會崩潰，我會在前門廊的搖椅上度過我的余生”知該陳述中“如果他曾經(jīng)沒有學(xué)會相信自己，那么作者將成為一個無用的人”正確。

6.由第三段中“ThehardestlessonIhadtolearnwastobelieveinmyself.我要學(xué)的最難的一課就是相信自己?！奔啊癢henIsaybeliefinmyselfIamnottalkingaboutsimplythekindofselfconfidencethathelpsmedownanunfamiliarstaircasealone.當(dāng)我說相信自己的時候，我并不是簡單地說那種自信，它能幫助我獨(dú)自走下陌生的樓梯?！笨赏茢唷霸趯W(xué)會相信自己之前，作者對單獨(dú)走下一個不熟悉的樓梯是不自信的”，故該陳述“作為一個盲人，在平時獨(dú)自走下一個不熟悉的樓梯時，作者曾經(jīng)每次都非常緊張”正確。

7.由第四段中“IthoughthewasmockingmeandIwashurt.我認(rèn)為他正在嘲笑我，我也因此受到傷害”及“ThisgavemeanideahowtoachieveagoalIhadthoughtimpossible:playingbaseball.這給了我一個想法，如何實(shí)現(xiàn)一個我認(rèn)為不可能的目標(biāo)：打棒球。”知該陳述不正確。

8.由倒數(shù)第二段中“Ittookmeyearstodiscoverandstrengthenthisassurance.Ithadtostartwiththemostelementarythings.我花了幾年時間才發(fā)現(xiàn)并加強(qiáng)了這種確信。它必須從最基本的東西開始”及作者隨后舉例稱“自己學(xué)會打自己發(fā)明的地滾球(即棒球)”可推知“學(xué)會打地滾球是幫助作者鞏固確信的一個最基本的事情之一”，故該陳述是正確的。

9.由最后一段中“Ihadtolearnmylimitations.ItwasnogoodtotryforsomethingIknewatthestartwaswildlyoutofreachbecausethatonlyinvitedthebitterne