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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-星海音樂(lè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Weallwanttofeelimportantandsowe___thepositiveattentionofothers.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.craft
B.crave
C.crack
D.craze
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)craft“精巧地制作”;B選項(xiàng)crave“渴望;懇求”;C選項(xiàng)crack“使破裂;將(谷物)粗磨;砸開(kāi)(保險(xiǎn)箱);成功獲得;(可聽(tīng)到響聲的)重?fù)?;(使)發(fā)出爆裂聲;(突然)變嘶??;使屈服;(非正式)吃不消;(非正式)突然大笑;(非正式)找到解決方法;阻止;開(kāi)瓶;說(shuō)(笑話);使(碳?xì)浠衔铮┝鸦?;D選項(xiàng)craze“使發(fā)狂;使產(chǎn)生紋裂”。句意:我們都想感到自己很重要,所以我們渴望得到別人的積極關(guān)注。本句表達(dá)“我們渴望得到別人的關(guān)注”,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.翻譯題
許多國(guó)際體育比賽的業(yè)余組織者經(jīng)常抱怨說(shuō),體育道德已不復(fù)存在了。他們把體育方面出現(xiàn)的向題全部歸咎于日益增長(zhǎng)的職業(yè)化。他們震驚地看到,現(xiàn)在有些運(yùn)動(dòng)員把賽跑當(dāng)工作,參加賽跑就要得到報(bào)酬。他們宣稱(chēng),當(dāng)現(xiàn)代奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)興起時(shí),運(yùn)動(dòng)員覺(jué)得參加比賽本身就是一種獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),別無(wú)他求了。
事實(shí)上如此崇高的理想向來(lái)只是一種愿望而已,同現(xiàn)實(shí)從來(lái)就沒(méi)有多少關(guān)系。1900年和1904年的兩屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)就和商業(yè)有著密切的關(guān)系,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)就是為國(guó)際貿(mào)易會(huì)招徠顧客而舉辦那兩次奧運(yùn)會(huì)的。這些比賽組織者們有時(shí)忽視的一點(diǎn)是,任何想成為奧運(yùn)冠軍的人必須犧牲業(yè)余吋間,可能還得中斷學(xué)業(yè),動(dòng)員們想得到一些實(shí)惠的獎(jiǎng)賞,也就不足為奇了。
【答案】Manyamateurorganizersofinternationalsportingeventsoftencomplainthatsportsmanshipnolongerexists.Theyblamedthegrowingprofessionalismforalltheproblemsinsports.Theywereshockedtoseethatsomeathletesnowtreatrunningaraceastheirjob.Theyshouldgetpaidforrunningarace.WiththeriseofthemodernOlympicgames,theyclaim,athletesfeltrewardedfortheirparticipationandwantednothingmore.
Infact,suchaloftyidealhasalwaysbeenjustadesire,havingnothingtodowiththereality.TheOlympicgamesof1900and1904werecloselyassociatedwithcommercebecausetheywereheldtodrumupcustomersforinternationaltrade.WhattheorganizerssometimesfailtorealizeisthatanyonewhowantstobecomeanOlympicchampionmustsacrificehissparetimeandpossiblytakeabreakfromhisstudies.SoIt’snosurprisethatathleteswantsometangiblerewards.
3.翻譯題
Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10%)
Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay,“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsatweekend.
Itmayalsobesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:first,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajority.Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansofsustenance,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.ButFortune’sfavoredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedasenforcedinterruptionsinanabsorbingvocation.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.
【答案】【參考譯文】
還需要指出的是,有理性的、勤勞的、有用的人們可分為兩類(lèi):第一類(lèi)人,工作就是工作,享樂(lè)就是享樂(lè);第二類(lèi)人,其工作和享樂(lè)是合二為一的。兩類(lèi)人中,前一類(lèi)是大多數(shù)。這一類(lèi)人的辛勤自有回報(bào):在辦公室或工廠里度過(guò)的漫長(zhǎng)的工作時(shí)間不僅解決他們的生計(jì)問(wèn)題,而且使他們能痛快地享受哪怕是最簡(jiǎn)單平常的樂(lè)趣。但是命運(yùn)厚愛(ài)的孩子卻是第二類(lèi)人。他們的生活自然而和諧,對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō),工作時(shí)間從來(lái)就不會(huì)顯得太長(zhǎng)。每一天都是節(jié),而當(dāng)平常人的節(jié)日來(lái)臨時(shí),他們就覺(jué)得不自在,覺(jué)得那是對(duì)自己正痛快地過(guò)著的節(jié)日的干擾。不過(guò)無(wú)論對(duì)哪一類(lèi)人來(lái)說(shuō),換個(gè)角度來(lái)看問(wèn)題,換個(gè)氛圍生活,換個(gè)方向努力,倒是至關(guān)重要。
4.單選題
Whenyoutakemedicine,becarefulnotto___thatamountprintedonthebottle.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.exceed
B.substitute
C.exert
D.surpass
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exceed“超過(guò);勝過(guò)(超過(guò)什么數(shù)量或者超過(guò)法律、命令等的限制)”;B選項(xiàng)substitute“替代”;C選項(xiàng)exert“運(yùn)用,發(fā)揮;施以影響”;D選項(xiàng)surpass“超越(比某人或某事物做得更好);勝過(guò),優(yōu)于;非……所能辦到或理解”。句意:當(dāng)你服藥時(shí),注意不要___瓶子上印著的量。本句表達(dá)“超過(guò)印的數(shù)量”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
_______nothingmoretosay,themangottohisfeet,saidgoodbyeandlefttheroom.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Therewas
B.Astherebeing
C.Being
D.Therebeing
【答案】D
【解析】考查therebe句型。therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立主格的用法。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意:男子沒(méi)有多說(shuō)什么,起身道別,離開(kāi)了房間。
6.單選題
Starstwinkle()theturbulentstateoftheairthroughwhichtheirlightpasses.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.inspiteof
B.asaresultof
C.inadditionto
D.withregardto
【答案】B
【解析】句意:星星的閃爍是由星光穿過(guò)湍流狀態(tài)的空氣而形成的。
考查短語(yǔ)辨析。inspiteof盡管,不管,不顧;asaresultof因此,由于;inadditionto除…之外;withregardto關(guān)于,至于。因此B符合句意。
7.單選題
Iwasimpressed()theefficiencyoftheworkdoneinthecompany.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.in
B.about
C.with
D.for
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。beimpressedwithsth“對(duì)…印象深刻”。句意:該公司的工作效率給我留下了深刻的印象。C項(xiàng)符合題意。
8.單選題
Togreatacclaim,WangYing-laiandhisteamattheInstituteofBiochemistryinShanghaiannounced,in1965,thattheyhadsynthesizedbiologicallyactiveinsulin.SimilarresearchwasbeingconductedinlabsintheUnitedStatesandacrossEurope,butWang’sdiscoverywaswellinadvanceofhisrivals,andusheredinaneweraofsyntheticproteins.Thisexample,unfortunately,istheexceptionratherthantheruleforChinesescience.Chinahasalongwaytogotoberecognizedasaleadingscientificcountry,butrapidprogressisbeingmade.
ModernscientificresearchdidnotbegininChinauntiltheearlytwentiethcentury.ThefoundingoftheAcademiaSinicaanditsassociatedresearchinstitutesin1928signifieditsbeginning,butitsactivitywasseriouslydisruptedbyintermittentwarsandpoliticalturmoil.Sciencehashadlittlechancetotakehold.
Now,giventhesoundnessoftheChineseeconomy,thesteadyincreaseinthegovernment’sfundingforbasicandappliedresearch,andthegeneralappreciationoftheimportanceofscientificdevelopment,thetimehascomeforChinatomakeitspresencefeltontheinternationalresearchstage.
IhavehelpedtobuildseveralacademicprogramsinChinaduringthepasttwodecades,andInowbelievethattheremainingobstaclestoChineseresearchinstitutionsachievingexcellenceareculturalratherthaneconomic.
Authorityversuscreativity
TheConfuciantraditionofrespectingcustomsandhierarchyhascastalongshadowovermodernChina.Authoritarianruleandpoliticalconformityinthepastdecadeshavehamperedthecreationofanenvironmentthatfostersindividualcreativity.Deferencetoauthorityandtoexistingparadigmsisamajorbarriertoscientificbreakthrough.
ScienceeducationinChinaisextensiveandrigorous,andhaswonuniversalpraise.Butittakesmorethanthistocultivatescientists;studentsshouldbeinspiredtopursueknowledgeitself,andahabitofraisingquestionsneedstobefostered.Challengestoexistingevidence,hypothesesandconcepts,howeverI,oughttobeencouragedandseriouslyaddressed.
Respectforauthoritiesandthespiritofconformityleavetheirmarkonthestyleofscientificresearchaswell.ResearchprogramsinChinaoftencloselyfollowexistinglinesofresearchintheWest,usingsimilarparadigms.Thisoftenleadstocompetitionatadisadvantage.
ColleaguesinChinaoftencomplainthattheirresultsarenotappreciated,whereassimilarworkperformedinWesterncountriesispublishedinhigh-profilejournals.
Strengtheningtheuniquenessoftheirworkwillincreaseitsvisibility,aswillimprovingitspresentation.AttheInstituteofNeuroscienceinShanghai,wegiveregularscientific-writingclasses,usingdraftsofmanuscriptstoillustratehowtoimproveclarityandprecision.
Theseskillsareimportant,butultimatelyitisconfidenceandskillinattackingimportantproblemsattheforefrontofsciencethatwillleadtomajordiscoveriesandinternationalrecognition.
CriticalscientificexchangeisrarelyseeninChina,especiallyinpublic.YetopenandfrankdialogueisurgentlyneededtomakescientificconferencesinChinanotjustfriendlygatheringsbutintellectualeventsthatstimulateideas.UnduecourtesymaybeindispensableformaintainingtheConfucianorderinatraditionalChinesefamily,butitisdetrimentaltoresearchinstitutions.Onewaytoovercomethismightbefortheorganizersofscientificmeetingstobeginwiththestatementthatcriticalornegativecommentsaretobetakenasconstructiveinputs.
Theattitudetowardscritiqueisalsorelevanttothesubmissionofscientificpaperstointernationaljournals.Criticalcommentsbyrefereesmayatfirstglanceseemunfairorhostile.Researcherswouldbenefitfromamorepositiveapproach:itisoftenusefultoreflectuponthecommentsandthengobacktothelaboratorybench,ratherthansendingthepaperimmediatelytoadifferentjournalwithoutmuchimprovement.Forexample,investigatorsfromtheInstituteofNeurosciencehavemadegreateffortstoimprovethequalityoftheworkuponrejectionoftheirpapers,andthisapproachhasbeenrewardedbyamarkedincreaseinthenumberofpublicationsinhigh-qualityjournalsinthepastfewyears.
31.ThefindingofWangandhisteamis______thatofotherresearchersaroundtheworld.
32.WhatmarkedupthestartofscientificresearchinChina?
33.Accordingtotheauthor,whichmainlyhindersChinesescientistsfromindividualcreativity?
34.ForChinesescientists,asthispassageshows,whichreasonisnotamongtheonescausingthelowchancesofpublishingresultsinternationally?
35.Whichtypeofattitudeshouldwriterstakewhenreadingcritiquesofpeerreviews?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.muchbetterthan
B.similarto
C.somehowpoorerthan
D.notalloftheabove
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.WangYing-Laiandhisteam.
B.Confuciusculture.
C.TheestablishmentofAcademiaSinica.
D.Disruptionofintermittentwars.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Strongcouragetochallengeauthorityandexistingparadigms.
B.Authoritarianruleandpoliticalconformity.
C.Chineseeconomy.
D.Thegovernment’sfunding.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Westernresearchersdonotappreciatetheirresults.
B.Lackofuniqueness.
C.Uncommontohaveregularscientificwritingcourses.
D.Raretoseecriticalscientificexchange.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.hostile
B.positiveandthankful
C.indifferent
D.worrisome
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
31.ThefindingofWangandhisteamis______thatofotherresearchersaroundtheworld.31.王和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)______世界上其他研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
A.muchbetterthanA.強(qiáng)得多
B.similartoB.相似
C.somehowpoorerthanC.某種程度上不如
D.notalloftheaboveD.以上都不是
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第二句“美國(guó)和歐洲的實(shí)驗(yàn)室也在進(jìn)行類(lèi)似的研究,但王的發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于(wellinadvanceof)他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,開(kāi)啟了合成蛋白質(zhì)的新時(shí)代(usheredinanewera)”,從inadvanceof(領(lǐng)先)和usheredinanewera(開(kāi)啟了新時(shí)代)可知,王的團(tuán)隊(duì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)要比世界上其他研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)更好,故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)在文中是說(shuō)其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究類(lèi)似,并不是發(fā)現(xiàn)類(lèi)似,屬于張冠李戴;
C、D選項(xiàng)與原文不符,屬于曲解原文。
32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
32.WhatmarkedupthestartofscientificresearchinChina?32.什么標(biāo)志著中國(guó)科學(xué)研究的開(kāi)始?
A.WangYing-Laiandhisteam.A.王英來(lái)和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)。
B.Confuciusculture.B.儒家文化。
C.TheestablishmentofAcademiaSinica.
C.中央研究院的成立。
D.Disruptionofintermittentwars.
D.間斷性戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的中斷。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞scientificresearch定位到文章第二段,從第二句“1928年成立的中央研究院及其相關(guān)研究機(jī)構(gòu)標(biāo)志著它的開(kāi)始”可知,中國(guó)科學(xué)研究的開(kāi)始的標(biāo)志是中央研究院的成立。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)都與原文出處無(wú)關(guān),屬于張冠李戴。
33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
33.Accordingtotheauthor,whichmainlyhindersChinesescientistsfromindividualcreativity?33.作者認(rèn)為,阻礙中國(guó)科學(xué)家個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力的主要因素是什么?
A.Strongcouragetochallengeauthorityandexistingparadigms.A.敢于挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威和現(xiàn)有模式。
B.Authoritarianruleandpoliticalconformity.B.獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治和政治一致性。
C.Chineseeconomy.C.中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)。
D.Thegovernment’sfunding.D.政府的資助。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息individualcreativity定位到文章第五段第二句“過(guò)去幾十年的專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治和政治一致性阻礙了培養(yǎng)個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力的環(huán)境的創(chuàng)造”,可知,是專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治和政治一致性阻礙了個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)是突破個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力阻礙的因素,與題干相反,屬于反向干擾;
C、D選項(xiàng)是當(dāng)前中國(guó)科學(xué)發(fā)展良好的因素,與題干無(wú)關(guān),屬于張冠李戴。
34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
34.ForChinesescientists,asthispassageshows,whichreasonisnotamongtheonescausingthelowchancesofpublishingresultsinternationally?34.對(duì)于中國(guó)科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō),如本文所述,哪一個(gè)原因不是導(dǎo)致在國(guó)際上發(fā)表成果的機(jī)會(huì)低的原因之一?
A.Westernresearchersdonotappreciatetheirresults.A.西方研究人員并不欣賞他們的研究結(jié)果。
B.Lackofuniqueness.B.缺乏獨(dú)特性。
C.Uncommontohaveregularscientificwritingcourses.C.定期的科學(xué)寫(xiě)作課程并不常見(jiàn)。
D.Raretoseecriticalscientificexchange.D.難得看到批判性的科學(xué)交流。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四段最后一句“在上海神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所,我們定期開(kāi)設(shè)科學(xué)寫(xiě)作課程(regularscientific-writingclasses),用草稿來(lái)說(shuō)明如何提高清晰度和準(zhǔn)確性”,從regularscientific-writingclasses(定期的科學(xué)寫(xiě)作課程)可知,這并不是中國(guó)研究在國(guó)際上出版率低的原因。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均是中國(guó)研究在國(guó)際上出版率低的原因,屬于反向干擾。
35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
35.Whichtypeofattitudeshouldwriterstakewhenreadingcritiquesofpeerreviews?35.在閱讀同行評(píng)議的評(píng)論時(shí),作者們應(yīng)該采取哪種態(tài)度?
A.hostileA.敵意的
B.positiveandthankfulB.積極和感恩的
C.indifferentC.冷漠的
D.worrisomeD.令人擔(dān)心的
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】文章最后一段第三句提到“研究人員將從一個(gè)更積極的方法中(amorepositiveapproach)受益:對(duì)評(píng)論進(jìn)行反思(reflect),然后回到實(shí)驗(yàn)室做實(shí)驗(yàn),而不是立即將論文發(fā)送到不同的期刊,而沒(méi)有太多改進(jìn)”,從中可知,研究人員應(yīng)該用積極和反思的態(tài)度來(lái)面對(duì)同行的批評(píng),因此該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文,屬于曲解原文。
9.單選題
TheEastandtheWestcanworktogetherfortheir()benefitandprogress.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.common
B.mutual
C.same
D.cooperative
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)common“普通的;一般的”,B選項(xiàng)mutual“共同的;相互的,彼此的”,C選項(xiàng)same“同樣的;一樣的”,D選項(xiàng)cooperative“合作的;合作社的”;原句:東西方可以為各自的()利益和進(jìn)步而共同努力。通過(guò)帶入A、B、C、D可以發(fā)現(xiàn),句子想要表達(dá)的意思是:共同的利益,而mutual是最能體現(xiàn)這個(gè)含義的,它有各自為戰(zhàn),卻又有共同之處的含義,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
10.單選題
Pessimismconcerningtheeconomicfuturewas____inwesternEuropeancountriesinthelate1970s.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.perpetual
B.pertinent
C.preventive
D.prevalent
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.perpetual永久的B.pertinent有關(guān)的;恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
C.preventive預(yù)防性的D.prevalent盛行的
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】形近詞辨析與語(yǔ)義銜接
【解題思路】原句主語(yǔ)為“關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的悲觀情緒”,后文內(nèi)容為“在20世紀(jì)70年代末的西歐國(guó)家”,只有D選項(xiàng)prevalent“盛行的”符合前后語(yǔ)義銜接。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合前后語(yǔ)義銜接。
【句意】20世紀(jì)70年代末,西歐國(guó)家普遍存在對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的悲觀情緒。
11.單選題
Itmustguaranteefreedomofexpression,totheendthatall()totheflowofideasshallberemoved.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.prophecies
B.transactions
C.arguments
D.hindrances
【答案】D
【解析】prophecies預(yù)言;transactions交易,事務(wù);arguments辯論;hindrances障礙,妨礙。句意:必須保證言論自由,最終思想流動(dòng)的一切障礙都應(yīng)消除。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
12.單選題
Itissuggestedthatallgovernmentministersshould()informationontheirfinancialinterests.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.discover
B.uncover
C.tell
D.disclose
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。discover“發(fā)現(xiàn),探索”;uncover“發(fā)現(xiàn);揭示”;tell“告訴;說(shuō);辨別”;disclose“公開(kāi),揭露”。句意:政府部長(zhǎng)被建議公開(kāi)揭露他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
13.單選題
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmelterscomparedwithanimals,21thisislargelybecause,22animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare23toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,24__themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,__25__,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,__26wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof27humansmellsevenwhentheseare28tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.
Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,__29__othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate30smellreceptorsinthenose,Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend31tothebrain,However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell32cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen33toitoftenenough.
Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit34tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan35newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay__36__explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot37oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe38newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors39forunfamiliarandemergencysignals__40__thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.although
B.as
C.but
D.while
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.above
B.unlike
C.excluding
D.besides
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.limited
B.committed
C.dedicated
D.confined
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.catching
B.ignoring
C.missing
D.tracking
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.anyway
B.though
C.instead
D.therefore
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.evenif
B.ifonly
C.onlyif
D.asif
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.distinguishing
B.discovering
C.determining
D.detecting
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.diluted
B.dissolved
C.dispersed
D.diffused
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.when
B.since
C.for
D.whereas
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.unusual
B.particular
C.unique
D.typical
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.signs
B.stimuli
C.messages
D.impulses
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.atfirst
B.atall
C.atlarge
D.attimes
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.subjected
B.left
C.drawn
D.exposed
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.ineffective
B.incompetent
C.inefficient
D.insufficient
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.introduce
B.summon
C.trigger
D.create
問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)
A.still
B.also
C.otherwise
D.nevertheless
問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)
A.sure
B.sick
C.aware
D.tired
問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)
A.tolerate
B.repel
C.neglect
D.notice
問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)
A.available
B.reliable
C.identifiable
D.suitable
問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)
A.similarto
B.suchas
C.alongwith
D.asidefrom
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:B
第6題:A
第7題:D
第8題:A
第9題:D
第10題:B
第11題:C
第12題:B
第13題:D
第14題:C
第15題:D
第16題:B
第17題:C
第18題:D
第19題:A
第20題:B
【解析】21.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查邏輯銜接。A項(xiàng)although表示讓步,B項(xiàng)as表示時(shí)間或者原因,C項(xiàng)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,D項(xiàng)while表示時(shí)間或者對(duì)比;根據(jù)句子Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,…thisislargelybecause,…animals,westandupright.(與動(dòng)物相比,人類(lèi)常常被認(rèn)為嗅覺(jué)不夠敏銳,……這主要原因是因?yàn)椋瓌?dòng)物,人類(lèi)直立行走)可知,這里應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系;but表示后面的內(nèi)容是語(yǔ)句重心所在,While也可以表示對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折,但作為從屬連詞也有讓步含義。從本題前后的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系來(lái)看,后半句語(yǔ)義應(yīng)當(dāng)是重心所在,因此正確答案為C。
22.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)above“在……上面”,B項(xiàng)unlike“不像”,C項(xiàng)excluding“除……之外”,D項(xiàng)besides“另外”;根據(jù)句子butthisislargelybecause,…animals,westandright.(但是主要原因是因?yàn)?,……?dòng)物,人類(lèi)直立行走)可知,人類(lèi)不像動(dòng)物一樣,人類(lèi)是直立行走的。因此正確答案為B。
23.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接及詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)limited“限制的”,belimitedto被限制在(指能力的缺點(diǎn),弱點(diǎn));B項(xiàng)committed“堅(jiān)定的,效忠的”,becommittedto致力于;C項(xiàng)dedicated“專(zhuān)注的,獻(xiàn)身的”,bededicatedto獻(xiàn)身于,從事于;D項(xiàng)confined“有限制的,封閉的”,beconfinedto限制在,局限于(某地或某種境地);根據(jù)句子Thismeansthatournosesare…toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair.(這意味著我們的鼻子……聞到漂浮在空氣中的氣味)可知,我們的鼻子只能感知飄在空氣中的氣味。B、C錯(cuò)誤,D項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)義。因此正確答案為A。
24.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)catching“抓住”,B項(xiàng)ignoring“忽視”,C項(xiàng)missing“錯(cuò)過(guò)”,D項(xiàng)tracking“跟蹤,追溯”;根據(jù)句子Thismeansthatournosesarelimitedtoperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,…themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.(.這意味著我們的鼻子只能聞到漂浮在空氣中的氣味,……附著于地表的大多數(shù)氣味)可知,我們的鼻子只能聞到浮在空氣中的氣味,對(duì)于大部分停留在表面的氣味是聞不到的。首先可以排除A、D項(xiàng),ignore含有“有意不……”的意思,顯然不符合語(yǔ)境。因此正確答案為C。
25.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查邏輯銜接。A項(xiàng)anyway“不管怎樣”(表示讓步),B項(xiàng)though“盡管”(表示讓步或轉(zhuǎn)折),C項(xiàng)instead“相反,然而”,D項(xiàng)therefore“因此”(表示結(jié)果);根據(jù)句子Infact,…weareextremelysensitivetosmells,wedonotgenerallyrealizeit(事實(shí)上,我們對(duì)氣味非常敏感,我們通常沒(méi)有注意到這一點(diǎn))可知,本句中的infact提示了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此要選擇表示轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有though能與infact連用表示轉(zhuǎn)折;因此正確答案為B。
26.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查邏輯銜接。A項(xiàng)evenif“即使”(表示讓步),B項(xiàng)ifonly“但愿”(后常接虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示愿望),C項(xiàng)onlyif“如果”(用于表達(dá)條件關(guān)系,only表強(qiáng)調(diào)),D項(xiàng)asif“似乎”(用于表達(dá)比較關(guān)系);根據(jù)句子Infact,thoughweareextremelysensitivetosmells,…wedonotgenerallyrealizeit(事實(shí)上,我們對(duì)氣味非常敏感,……我們通常沒(méi)有注意到這一點(diǎn))可知,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)evenif用于表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系;因此正確答案為A。
27.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接和詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)distinguish“區(qū)別”,B項(xiàng)discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”(原先沒(méi)看見(jiàn)或不知道的事物),C項(xiàng)determine“決定”,D項(xiàng)detect“察覺(jué),發(fā)現(xiàn)”(尤指發(fā)現(xiàn)有意隱藏之物);根據(jù)句子Ournosesarecapableof…h(huán)umansmells(我們的鼻子能……人的氣味)可知,我們的鼻子能察覺(jué)(引申為聞到)人的氣味;因此正確答案為D。
28.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接和詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)diluted“稀釋的(可指液體或氣體的稀釋?zhuān)?,B項(xiàng)dissolved“溶解(通常指固體溶解為液體)”,C項(xiàng)dispersed“散開(kāi)”,D項(xiàng)diffused“擴(kuò)散,彌漫”;根據(jù)句子Ournosesarecapableofdetectinghumansmellsevenwhentheseare…tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.(我們的鼻子能夠聞到人的氣味,即使這些氣味被……到百萬(wàn)分之一)可知,氣味應(yīng)該是被稀釋或沖淡到百萬(wàn)分之一;因此正確答案為A。
29.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查邏輯銜接。A項(xiàng)when“何時(shí)”,B項(xiàng)since“自從”,C項(xiàng)for“為”,D項(xiàng)whereas“然而,鑒于”;根據(jù)句子Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,…othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers(奇怪的是,有些人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們能聞到一種花卻聞不到另一種,……其他人對(duì)兩種花的氣味都很敏感)可知,此處顯然構(gòu)成一種對(duì)比關(guān)系,只有whereas能用于引導(dǎo)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句。因此正確答案為D。
30.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)unusual“不尋常的”,B項(xiàng)particular“特別的”(強(qiáng)調(diào)某一個(gè)體或某一集團(tuán)所獨(dú)有的),C項(xiàng)unique“獨(dú)特的”(強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)一無(wú)二的),D項(xiàng)typical“典型的”;根據(jù)句子Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate…smellreceptorsinthenose.(這可能是因?yàn)橛行┤藳](méi)有可以在鼻子里產(chǎn)生……嗅覺(jué)感受器所必需的基因)可知,此處應(yīng)該表示特別的嗅覺(jué)感受器;因此正確答案為B。
31.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)sign“標(biāo)記”,B項(xiàng)stimuli“刺激”,C項(xiàng)message“信號(hào)”,D項(xiàng)impulse“沖動(dòng),推動(dòng)”;根據(jù)句子Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend…tothebrain.(這些感知器就是細(xì)胞,它們能夠感知?dú)馕?,并且向大腦傳遞……)可知,細(xì)胞在這里傳遞的是信息;因此正確答案為C。
32.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)atfirst“起初”,B項(xiàng)atall“完全,根本”,C項(xiàng)atlarge“全面地,詳細(xì)地”,D項(xiàng)attimes“有時(shí)”;根據(jù)句子However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell…cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoit(然而,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),甚至對(duì)某種特定氣味不敏感的人……也能突然變得敏感起來(lái))可知,這里是缺少一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子;根據(jù)句意B選項(xiàng)最符合。
33.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)subjected“使遭受”,besubjectedto表示遭受,屈服于;B項(xiàng)left“剩下的”,beleftto表被留給;C項(xiàng)drawn“拔,拉出”,bedrawnto表被拖到;D項(xiàng)exposed“暴露”,beexposedto表暴露在……(經(jīng)常接觸);根據(jù)句子evenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmellatallcansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen…toitoftenenough(當(dāng)經(jīng)?!@種氣味,即使是對(duì)某種氣味完全不敏感的人也會(huì)突然變得敏感)可知,語(yǔ)境表達(dá)的是人處于某種氣味所籠罩的環(huán)境中。因此正確答案為D。
34.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接和詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)ineffective“無(wú)效的,失效的”,B項(xiàng)incompetent“無(wú)能力的”,C項(xiàng)inefficient“效率低的”,D項(xiàng)insufficient“不充分的”;根據(jù)句子Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit…tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetime(對(duì)嗅覺(jué)不敏感的解釋似乎是大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)它……讓所有的嗅覺(jué)感受器一直工作)可知,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,這里應(yīng)該是說(shuō)大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)讓所有的氣味感知器一直處于工作狀態(tài)是效率低的。因此正確答案為C。
35.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接和詞匯辨析。A項(xiàng)introduce“介紹”,B項(xiàng)summon“召集,召喚”,C項(xiàng)trigger“觸發(fā),引起”,D項(xiàng)create“創(chuàng)造”;根據(jù)句子Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsitincompetenttokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan…newreceptorsifnecessary.(關(guān)于鼻子對(duì)氣味不敏感的解釋是大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)讓所有的氣味感知器一直處于工作狀態(tài)是效率低的,但是如有需要又可以……新的氣味感知器)可知,從空格后面的new來(lái)判斷,只有create才符合邏輯。因此正確答案為D。
36.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查邏輯銜接。A項(xiàng)still“仍然”,B項(xiàng)also“也”,C項(xiàng)otherwise“否則”,D項(xiàng)nevertheless“然而,雖然如此”;根據(jù)句子Thismay…explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.(這或許……解釋為什么我們通常對(duì)自己的氣味不敏感-我們根本不需要對(duì)自己的氣味敏感),“this”這個(gè)詞表明了邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該是并列,翻譯成“也”,表示和前面的句子是相同或者相近的含義,因此正確答案為B。
37.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)sure“確信”,B項(xiàng)sick“厭惡”,C項(xiàng)aware“意識(shí)到,知道”,D項(xiàng)tired“厭倦”;根據(jù)句子Wearenot…oftheusualsmellofourownhouse(我們沒(méi)有……自己家里平常的氣味),可知,這里應(yīng)該是表示聞到/知道自己家的氣味,因此根據(jù)句意,正確答案為C。
38.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)tolerate“忍受”,B項(xiàng)repel“抵制”,C項(xiàng)neglect“忽視”,D項(xiàng)notice“注意到”;根據(jù)句子Wearenotawareoftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe…newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.(我們意識(shí)不到自己家里的平常的氣味,但是在拜訪別人家時(shí),我們……新的氣味),可知,這里應(yīng)該是聞到新的氣味,因此根據(jù)句意,正確答案為D。
39.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)available“可達(dá)到的,可工作的”,B項(xiàng)reliable“可靠的”,C項(xiàng)identifiable“可辨認(rèn)的”,D項(xiàng)suitable“適合的”;根據(jù)句子Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors…forunfamiliarandemergencysignals(大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)最好讓嗅覺(jué)感受器保持……來(lái)接收陌生和緊急信號(hào))和前一句“我們意識(shí)不到自己家里的平常的氣味”可知,這里應(yīng)該是表示“最好使氣味感知器隨時(shí)接受不熟悉和緊急信號(hào)”,因此根據(jù)句意,正確答案為A。
40.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義銜接。A項(xiàng)similarto“相似于”,B項(xiàng)suchas“例如”,C項(xiàng)alongwith“和……一起”,D項(xiàng)asidefrom“除……之外”;根據(jù)句子Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptorsavailableforunfamiliarandemergencysignals…thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.(大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)自己最使氣味感知器隨時(shí)接受不熟悉的和緊急的信號(hào),……預(yù)示火的危險(xiǎn)的煙的氣味)句意可知,這里需要填表示列舉意義的短語(yǔ),因此正確答案為B。
14.單選題
ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.
ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.
Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive.
ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?
2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?
3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.
B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.
C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.
D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.
B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.
C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.
D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.
B.Thegovernmentshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.
C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.
D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干:作者認(rèn)為,是什么加劇了全球變暖的嚴(yán)重性?文章手段提到了關(guān)鍵詞“全球變暖”,并指向美國(guó)政府的不作為會(huì)導(dǎo)致情況迅速惡化。因此答案出現(xiàn)在第二段“ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil”,出于經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治原因,美國(guó)政府選擇煤炭作為燃料。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
2.判斷推理題。題干:關(guān)于有效控制碳排放的障礙,下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的?由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive”,說(shuō)明是政府政策上的模糊性使控制達(dá)不到預(yù)期效果。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干:作者建議如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題?最后一段中,作者提到“ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded”,說(shuō)明作者建議美國(guó)政府為碳排放進(jìn)行定價(jià),投資開(kāi)發(fā)減少二氧化碳排放的科技。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
15.翻譯題
今諸生學(xué)于太學(xué)(theImperialCollege),縣官(theroyalcourt)日有廩稍之供,父母歲有裘葛之遺,無(wú)凍餒之患矣;坐大廈之下而誦《詩(shī)》《書(shū)》,無(wú)奔走之勞矣;有司業(yè)(DirectorsofStudies)、博士之師,未有問(wèn)而不告,求而不得者也;凡所宜有之書(shū)集于此,不必若余之手錄,假諸人而后見(jiàn)也。其業(yè)有不精,德有不成者,非天質(zhì)之卑,則心不若余之專(zhuān)耳,豈他人之過(guò)哉?(5分)
人們?yōu)閴?mèng)想而斗爭(zhēng),正如為財(cái)產(chǎn)而斗爭(zhēng)一樣。于是夢(mèng)想即由幻想的世界走進(jìn)了現(xiàn)實(shí)的世界,而成為了我們生命中的一個(gè)真實(shí)力量。夢(mèng)想無(wú)論怎樣模糊,總潛伏在我們心底,使我們的心境永遠(yuǎn)得不到寧?kù)o,直到這些夢(mèng)想成為事實(shí)為止;像種子在底下一樣,一定要萌芽滋長(zhǎng),伸出地面來(lái),尋找陽(yáng)光。(4分)
目前是研究在交叉文化與多種文化方面人類(lèi)的相似性的最好時(shí)機(jī)了。差異談得夠多了。強(qiáng)調(diào)我們的差異使我們?nèi)祟?lèi)彼此疏遠(yuǎn),使我們長(zhǎng)久地相互猜疑;在極端的情況下加深我們的分歧使我們彼此否定,失去人性結(jié)果是導(dǎo)致相互殘殺。(3分)
刑事偵破(forensic)科學(xué)家的工作,與其說(shuō)是迅速和富于洞察力,不如說(shuō)是更為緩慢,更具有分析性的。但這種方法所展示出的高質(zhì)量與謹(jǐn)慎可由如下事實(shí)得以反映出來(lái):只有少數(shù)案件真正會(huì)成為審判室的主要案件。鑒于在預(yù)審中被告所聽(tīng)到的刑偵證據(jù)之確鑿,他們常常折服于證明他們有罪的有分量的科學(xué)信息,并且在審判還未
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