考研考博-英語-山西機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Fearofpirate（

）ledtheFrenchtofortifytheircoastline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excursions

B.incursions

C.transmigrations

D.transmogrifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。excursion“偏移；遠(yuǎn)足”；incursion“入侵；侵犯”；transmigration“輪回；移居”；transmogrification“變形”。句意：對海盜襲擊的擔(dān)心使得法國加固了他們的海岸線。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Thefirstdrought-tolerantgenetically（）maizeisexpectedtobegrownontheAfricancontinentin2017,accordingtoarecentreport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.measured

B.determined

C.transferred

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。measured量過的，慎重的；determined堅(jiān)決的；transferred轉(zhuǎn)移的，轉(zhuǎn)讓的；modified改良的，改進(jìn)的。耐旱的玉米品種應(yīng)該是經(jīng)過了基因改良，故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：根據(jù)最近一項(xiàng)報(bào)告，第一批耐旱的基因改良了的玉米將在2017年被種植到非常大陸上。

3.單選題

Theyarewell（）witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedatthesameuniversity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.recognized

C.acquainted

D.acknowledged

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beidentifiedwith表示“支持；與……有密切相關(guān)”；recognize表示“承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可”，常與as構(gòu)成固定搭配berecognizedas表示“被認(rèn)為，被當(dāng)作”，有時(shí)也與with構(gòu)成搭配berecognizedwith表示“被識別出，被承認(rèn)”；beacquaintedwith表示“了解；知曉（某事）；熟悉”，beacknowledgedwith表示“被承認(rèn)，被認(rèn)可”。根據(jù)句意可知，因?yàn)樗麄冊?jīng)在同所大學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)過，所以彼此很熟悉。此時(shí)since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，因此，只有C項(xiàng)最符合固定搭配以及句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Doctorsareoftencaughtina（

）becausetheyhavetodecidewhethertheyshouldtelltheirpatientsthetruthornot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puzzle

B.perplexity

C.dilemma

D.bewilderment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。puzzle“迷，難題”；perplexity“困惑，混亂”；dilemma“進(jìn)退兩難的境地”；bewilderment“困惑，迷亂”。句意：醫(yī)生常常陷入進(jìn)退兩難的境地，因?yàn)樗麄儾恢朗欠駪?yīng)該告訴病人真相。由后半句句意可推測醫(yī)生處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地，故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theirrefusaltocompromiseisamajor（）thatstandsinthewayoffurtherpeacetalks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obstacle

B.complication

C.entity

D.hazard

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obstacle“障礙”；B選項(xiàng)complication“并發(fā)癥，復(fù)雜”；C選項(xiàng)entity“實(shí)體，存在”；D選項(xiàng)hazard“危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。句意：他們拒絕妥協(xié)是進(jìn)一步和談的主要（）。既然他們拒絕妥協(xié)，那么應(yīng)該就是進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的“障礙”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Ajobdescriptionshouldgivedetailsoftheperformance______aspecificjob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatisrequiredfor

B.thatrequired

C.thatrequires

D.requiringfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意，先行詞performance在定語從句中是require的邏輯賓語，是被要求具備的，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；C、B、D均為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；本句句意是：工作描述應(yīng)詳細(xì)說明具體工作所需的表現(xiàn)。因此選A。

7.單選題

Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.

Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingissomewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.

Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

1.Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat（）.

3.Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes（）.

4.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould（）.

5.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toreducetheirmentalstress

B.toincreasetheirsenseofsuccess

C.tomakesportslesscompetitive

D.tomakesportsmorechallenging

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsociety

B.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselves

C.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences

D.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopment

B.withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirselfconfidence

C.soastomakethemrememberlife’slessons

D.soastoputmorepressureonthem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysports

B.helpchildrentowineverygame

C.trainchildrentocopewithstress

D.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnout

B.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticism

C.tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildren

D.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段的第三句話Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.（壓力可以是身體上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致倦怠。）可以看出stress導(dǎo)致burnout，那么防止burnout的有效方法應(yīng)該是減少stress，因此A選項(xiàng)“減輕他們的精神壓力”正確。sports本身具有競爭性、挑戰(zhàn)性，不在于多或少，問題是怎樣看勝負(fù)，所以C選項(xiàng)“降低體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的競爭性”和D選項(xiàng)“使運(yùn)動(dòng)更具挑戰(zhàn)性”兩項(xiàng)應(yīng)排除。B項(xiàng)“提高他們獲得成功的意識”正是作者不贊成的。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第二句話Thesportsettingissomewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace（體育活動(dòng)能為年輕人提供極其有價(jià)值的一生都有用的人生經(jīng)歷。）因此C選項(xiàng)“它可以為他們提供寶貴的經(jīng)歷”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它可以幫助他們更多地了解社會(huì)”定位到第二段andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives（并獲得將終生使用的其他社交技能），可以看出文章只說了可以學(xué)到社交技能，而不是更多的了解社會(huì)；B選項(xiàng)“它能讓他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點(diǎn)”定位到第二段Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（年輕人可能會(huì)把父母和教練的批評放在心上，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點(diǎn)。）但是這個(gè)并不是題干所問的“運(yùn)動(dòng)的積極影響”；D選項(xiàng)“它教會(huì)他們?nèi)绾螢樽约涸O(shè)定現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)”，這是文章中沒有提及的。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（教練和父母應(yīng)該時(shí)刻意識到，他們對青少年的反饋會(huì)極大地影響他們的孩子。年輕人可能會(huì)把父母和教練的批評放在心上，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點(diǎn)。）因此換句話說就是B選項(xiàng)“沒有意識到批評可能會(huì)摧毀他們的自信”正確。A選項(xiàng)“相信批評對他們的早期發(fā)展是有益的”；C選項(xiàng)“讓他們記住生活的教訓(xùn)”；D選項(xiàng)“為了給他們更多的壓力”這三個(gè)都不是作者認(rèn)為教練和家長平常所認(rèn)為的。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第三段開頭Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.（教練和家長也應(yīng)該小心，不要讓青少年參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)成為孩子們的工作。）意思是體育運(yùn)動(dòng)不是孩子的工作或任務(wù)，重在參與，比賽結(jié)果并不重要，更重要的是通過參與增加人生閱歷。因此A選項(xiàng)“更加注重讓孩子們享受運(yùn)動(dòng)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“幫助孩子贏得每一場比賽”；C選項(xiàng)“訓(xùn)練孩子學(xué)會(huì)處理壓力”以及D選項(xiàng)“使孩子們了解運(yùn)動(dòng)的積極方面”這都是文章中沒有提及的。

5.主旨大意題。通過第一段Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.（壓力可以是身體上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致倦怠。）第二段的Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（教練和父母應(yīng)該時(shí)刻意識到，他們對青少年的反饋會(huì)極大地影響他們的孩子。年輕人可能會(huì)把父母和教練的批評放在心上，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點(diǎn)。）以及第三段的Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.（研究表明，積極的強(qiáng)化比批評更能激勵(lì)學(xué)習(xí)，對學(xué)習(xí)有更大的影響。再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，批評會(huì)造成高度的壓力，從而導(dǎo)致倦怠。）可以看出來，作者寫該文目的是告訴人們批評會(huì)給孩子造成各方面負(fù)擔(dān)和壓力，積極鼓勵(lì)才會(huì)對孩子的成長有益，因此C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)積極鼓勵(lì)對孩子成長的重要性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“教導(dǎo)年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員如何避免精疲力竭”不是文章重點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)“說服孩子不要擔(dān)心批評”不符合作者的想法；以及D選項(xiàng)“討論批評與鼓勵(lì)相結(jié)合的技巧”這也不是作者所倡導(dǎo)的。

8.單選題

Afterall,thefoodcrisisisoverandthewoodwill（

）itslong-termupwardtrendinagricultureproduction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resume

B.renew

C.recover

D.restore

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。resume“重新開始，繼續(xù)”；renew“更新”；recover“恢復(fù)”；restore“恢復(fù)，還原”。句意：畢竟糧食危機(jī)已經(jīng)解除，木材將繼續(xù)它在農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品中的上漲趨勢。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

He___athiswatchbeforehelefttheoffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glanced

B.glimpsed

C.glared

D.scribbled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glanced“瞥閃，瞥見，掃視，匆匆一看（強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)的加以注意瞥了一眼）；瀏覽；斜擊某物后斜彈開來；反光；輕擦（球）；（板球）斜擊”；B選項(xiàng)glimpsed“瞥見（強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)的，比如某個(gè)東西在眼前閃了一下，不是主動(dòng)去看）”；C選項(xiàng)glared“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；D選項(xiàng)scribbled“亂畫；潦草地書寫；寫作（非正式）；粗疏（羊毛）”。句意：他離開辦公室前___手表。本句表達(dá)“主動(dòng)地瞥了一眼手表”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Iwasnot___byhismanyargumentssofinallyweagreedtodiffer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convicted

B.assured

C.convinced

D.concerned

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)convicted“證明…有罪；宣告…有罪”；B選項(xiàng)assured“保證；擔(dān)保；使確信；弄清楚”；C選項(xiàng)convinced“說服；使確信，使信服”；D選項(xiàng)concerned“影響；牽扯（某人）；關(guān)系到；涉及；使擔(dān)心”。句意：他的許多論點(diǎn)不能使我___，所以最后我們同意各持己見。本句表達(dá)“它的論點(diǎn)不能使我信服”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection（

）importantsinglescientificinnovationinthenineteenthcentury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.certainlythemost

B.wascertainlythemost

C.willcertainlybethemost

D.wasthemostcertain

【答案】B

【解析】句意:自然選擇進(jìn)化論當(dāng)然是十九世紀(jì)最重要的獨(dú)特科學(xué)創(chuàng)新。

語法題。考查形容詞最高級。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,Thetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection為主語,importantsinglescientificinnovation為表語,句子缺少系動(dòng)詞。排除A項(xiàng)。句子指明“十九世紀(jì)”,故應(yīng)用過去式,排除C。副詞certainly修飾形容詞most的最高級。故選B。

12.單選題

RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.

Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw,hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.

Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupid,pettycrimes.

Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe’sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.

Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.

Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetime,someofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.

Ifthedetectivehastodetecttheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness—asheseesit―ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.

Thismakesthemrathercynical.

1.Apolicemanhastobetrainedincriminallawbecause（

）.

2.Whatisthemostsuitablewordthatdescribestheworkofapolicemanaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,policemenspendmostoftheirtimeandefforts（

）.

4.What’sthepoliceman’sbiggestheadache?

5.Whydopolicemenfeelseparatedfromtherestoftheworld?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hemustworkhardtohelpreformcriminals

B.hemustbehaveasprofessionallawyersdo

C.hemustbeabletotellwhenandwhereacrimeiscommitted

D.hemustjustifythearrestshemakesofcriminals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dangerous

B.Demanding

C.Distressing

D.Dramatic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.patrollingthestreet,rainorshine

B.trackingandarrestingcriminals

C.collectingandprovidingevidence

D.consultingtherulesoflaw

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.

B.Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.

C.Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerouscriminalcases

D.Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheydonotreceiveduesupportfromsociety.

B.Becausetheyfindpeopleinsincerewiththem.

C.Becausetheyfeelsuperiortosimple-mindedpeoplearoundthem.

D.Becausetheyaresuspiciousofthepeoplearoundthem.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw,hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.”，可知第一個(gè)區(qū)別是警察的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活是圍繞著刑法的，他必須知道什么行為是犯罪，什么證據(jù)可以在法庭上證明他們所逮捕的人確實(shí)有犯罪行為。可判斷出警察必須接受刑法方面的訓(xùn)練的原因在于要能證明他所逮捕的人是罪犯。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章中對警察的相關(guān)描述，“apoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw…h(huán)eoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence…therealoneistheunpleasantpressures…”，可知警察需要懂法律，需要在逮捕過程中收集證據(jù)，需要承受不快的壓力等等，可判斷出最能描述警察這個(gè)職業(yè)的詞為demanding“要求高的”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.”，可知在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，找到罪犯在很多情況下并不是什么大問題。又根據(jù)第五段，“Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.”，可知逮捕之后，才真正開始偵探的工作了。他必須在法庭上證明自己的觀點(diǎn)，為此他經(jīng)常需要收集很多不同的證據(jù)。可判斷出警察需要把大量的時(shí)間和精力花在尋找和收集證據(jù)上。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.”，可知第三個(gè)最大的區(qū)別就是不快的壓力，首先，他們總是必須絕對依法行事。其次，作為公務(wù)員，他們必須取得成效?？膳袛喑鼍毂仨氃诓贿`反任何法律的情況下達(dá)到最理想的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Ifthedetectivehastodetecttheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness…insteadofeliminatingcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.”，可知如果偵探要偵破這個(gè)世界，世界往往會(huì)欺騙他。他遇到的任何人幾乎沒有一個(gè)告訴他真相。偵探會(huì)感到自己與外界的這種隔閡加深了。在警察想要消除犯罪的時(shí)候，而其他人可能希望給罪犯改過自新的機(jī)會(huì)而對其從輕處罰。可判斷出警察與世界隔離的原因在于他們沒有得到人們應(yīng)有的支持。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.問答題

Directions:Afteryouhavereadthefollowingpassage,writeoutasummaryinEnglishwhitabout70to90words.PutyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

WhatisSociety?Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,asacollectivebody,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Oneofthebestdirectanalogiesiswiththehumanbodyitself.Thecellsareallalive,independently,yettheygrouptogetherandestablishroles,responsibilities,andrelationshipsthatallowagreaterwholetoexistthatismorethanjustthesumoftheparts.Thecellsgainfromthespecificrolestheyplaybecausetheyareallowedtobewhattheyaremoreeffectively.Further,theyaregivenalimitedawarenessofthewholethattheireffortsaidincreating.

Similarly,whenindividualhumanbeingsgrouptogethertoformsocieties,anorganizationiscreatedinwhichthemembersarethecells.Subgroupsofthemembersmayformorgansthroughwhichhigherlevelfunctionscanthenmanifest.Iftherelationshipsareloose,thebodycreatedhaslimitedfunctionalityoverthatofanyindividualmemberbecausethereislittlesynergy.Whentherelationshipsarecloseandfoundedonabasisoflove,thebodythuscreatedhassignificantfunctionalityoverthatoftheindividuals.Whenthegroupissmall,feworganscanbecreatedsothereislimitedcomplexityorfunctionality.Whenthegroupislarge,manyorganscanbecreated,resultinginhighlyincreasedcomplexityandfunctionality.Countries,regions,statescities,andneighborhoodscouldallbeconsideredtobesocietiesascouldteams,groups,andanyotherorganizationsofpeople.Forourpurposeshere,themostimportantsocietyisTheUnitedStatesofAmericasinceitistheoneestablishedtosetuptheNewOrderfortheAges,novusordoseclorum.

Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludesalltheeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

【答案】參考范文：Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludestheentireeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

14.單選題

Itisamazingthattworesearchesworkingindependentlymadethesamediscovery______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.collaboratively

D.conscientiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地”；B選項(xiàng)simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；C選項(xiàng)collaboratively“協(xié)作地”；D選項(xiàng)conscientiously“良心上”。句意：令人驚訝的是，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立工作的研究人員______獲得同樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)語境，這里指兩個(gè)研究人員在研究時(shí)互不聯(lián)系，沒有任何外部的干涉，卻有相同的發(fā)現(xiàn)，A選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Treesarearenewableresourcethatwhenmanagedproperlycan（

）ourneeds

indefinitely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sustain

B.retain

C.maintain

D.obtain

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。sustain“維持”；retain“保持”；maintain“維持，維修”；obtain“獲得”。句意：樹木是可再生資源，如果管理得當(dāng)，它們無限期地滿足我們的需求。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Wehadbeenwantingtoexpandourchildren’shorizonsbytakingthemtoaplacethatwasunlikeanythingwe’dbeenexposedtoduringourtravelsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InthinkingaboutwhatwaspossiblefromGeneva,wherewearebased,wedecidedonatriptoIstanbul,atwo-hourplaneridefromZurich.

Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear,butthoughtour11-and13-year-oldsneededafirststepawayfrommanicuredboulevardsandpristinemonuments.

Whatwedidn’tforeseewasthereactionoffriends,whowarnedthatwewereputtingourchildren“indanger,”referringvaguely,andmostincorrectly,todisease,terrorismorjusttheunknown.TohelpusgetacquaintedwiththepeculiaritiesofIstanbulandtogiveourchildrenachancetochoosewhattheywereparticularlyinterestedinseeing,weboughtanexcellentguidebookandreaditthoroughlybeforeleaving.

Friendlywarningsdidn’tchangeourplanning,althoughwemighthavemoreprudentlycheckedwiththeU.S.StateDepartment’slistoftroublespots.Wedidn’tseealotofchildrenamongtheforeignvisitorsduringoursix-daystayinIstanbul,butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson,whoseoft-repeatedrequestisthatwenotsee“everysingle”churchandmuseuminagivencity.

Vaccinationsweren’tneededforthecity,butwewereconcernedaboutadaptingtothewaterforashortstay.Soweusedbottledwaterfordrinkingandbrushingourteeth,aprecautionthatmayseemexcessive,butweallstayedhealthy.

Takingtheadviceofafriend,webookedahotela20-minutewalkfrommostofIstanbul’smajortouristsites.Thisnotonlygotussomemorningexercise,strollingovertheKarakoyBridge,buttookuspastacolorfulassortmentoffishermen,vendorsandshoeshiners.

Fromateenagerandpre-teen’sview,Istanbulstreetlifeisfascinatingsincealmosteverythingcanbeboughtoutdoors.TheywereatagoodagetospendtimewanderingthelabyrinthoftheSpiceBazaar,whereshopsdisplaymoundsofpungentherbsinsacks.Doingthiswithyoungerchildrenwouldbehardersimplybecausethestreetsaresopackedwithpeople;itwouldbeeasytogetlost.Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.TheyalsolearnedtofigureouttherelativevalueoftheTurkishlira,notasmallmatterwithitsmanyzeros.

BeingexposedtoIslamwasanimportantpartofourtrip.Visitingthemosques,especiallytheenormousBlueMosque,wasourfirstglimpseintohowthismajorreligionispracticed.Ourchildren’scuriosityalreadyhadbeenpiquedbythefivedailycallstoprayeroverloudspeakersineverycomerofthecity,andthescarvescoveringtheheadsofmanywomen.

Navigatingmealscanbetroublesomewithchildren,butakebab,boughtonthestreetorinrestaurants,wasunfailinglypopular.Sincewehaddecidedthistripwasnotforgourmets,kebabssparedustheagonyoftryingtofindarestauranteachdaythatwouldsuittheadults*desiretotrysomethingnewamidchildren’sinsistencethatthefoodbeservedimmediately.Gradually,webranchedouttotrysomeotherTurkishspecialties.

AlthoughoursonhadstudiedIslambriefly,itisimpossibletobepreparedforeveryawkwardquestionthatmightcomeup,suchasduringourvisitstotheTopkapiSarayi,theOttomanSultans'palace.Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.Nexttime,weresolvedtomakesucharrangementsinadvance.

Onthistrip,wewanderedthroughthemagnificentcomplex,withitsimperialtreasures,itscourtyardsanditsharem.Thelastrequiredabitofexplanationthatwewouldhavehappilylefttoalearnedthirdparty.

1.ThecouplechoseIstanbulastheirholidaydestinationmainlybecause（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

3.Welearnfromthecouple’sshoppingexperiencebackhomethat

（

）.

4.ThelasttwoparagraphssuggestthattovisitplacesofinterestinIstanbul

（

）.

5.ThefamilyhaveseenorvisitedallthefollowinginIstanbulEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecityisnottoofarawayfromwheretheylived.

B.thecityisnotonthelistoftheU.S.StateDepartment.

C.thecityisbetweenthefamiliarandtheexotic.

D.thecityismorefamiliarthanexotic.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefamilyfoundthecitywasexactlywhattheyhadexpected.

B.Theirfriendswereopposedtotheirholidayplan.

C.Theycouldhavebeenmorecautiousaboutbringingkidsalong.

D.Theywereabitcautiousaboutthequalityofwaterinthecity.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theywereusedtobargainingoverprice.

B.theypreferredtobuythingsoutdoors.

C.streetmarketsweretheirfavorites.

D.theypreferredfashionandbrandnames.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.guidebooksareveryuseful.

B.aprofessionalguideisamust.

C.onehastobepreparedforquestions.

D.onehastomakearrangementsinadvance.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.religiousprayers.

B.historicalbuildings.

C.local-stylemarkets.

D.shoppingmallboutiques.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問這對夫妻選擇伊斯坦布爾作為它們的度假目的地的主要原因。從第一段內(nèi)容與第二段開頭“Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear.我們把這次旅行想象成更多異國情調(diào)之旅的前奏，也許今年晚些時(shí)候會(huì)去新德里或曼谷”一句可以知道這家人打算選擇一個(gè)較為陌生但又與家較近的地方作為旅游目的地。C選項(xiàng)‘這個(gè)城市介于熟悉和陌生之間’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問選項(xiàng)中哪一項(xiàng)敘述是錯(cuò)誤的。由文章第四段中的“...butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson.但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)旅游區(qū)非常安全，非常有趣，而且種類繁多，甚至適合我們的兒子?！币痪淇芍?dāng)他們到達(dá)伊斯坦布爾旅行之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)這里和旅行之前所了解到的信息是不一樣的，所以A選項(xiàng)“這家人發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)城市和他們設(shè)想中的是一樣的”錯(cuò)誤，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問我們可以從這對夫妻的購物經(jīng)歷中了解到什么。由文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.對于我們兩個(gè)人來說，他們的購物經(jīng)驗(yàn)包括百貨公司和購物中心的精品店，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以討價(jià)還價(jià)的時(shí)候，你可能會(huì)以一件東西的價(jià)格買到兩件東西，這讓我很驚訝?！币痪淇芍狣選項(xiàng)‘在自己國內(nèi)的購物習(xí)慣更傾向于選擇流行時(shí)尚和知名品牌’正確。

4.推理判斷題。本題是問最后兩段內(nèi)容表明在伊斯坦布爾游覽名勝的情況…。由文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.沒有導(dǎo)游，所以只能自己動(dòng)手，用我們的導(dǎo)游手冊，這讓我們錯(cuò)過了很多專業(yè)導(dǎo)游能提供的有趣的歷史和軼事。”B選項(xiàng)‘專業(yè)的指南是必不可少的’正確。

5.推理判斷題。本題是問在伊斯坦布爾，除…外，這家人在伊斯坦布爾見過或參觀過以下所有地方。綜合上下文，A選項(xiàng)在倒數(shù)第四段提及，B,C選項(xiàng)在第六，七段提及，而從文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.對于我們兩個(gè)人來說，他們的購物經(jīng)驗(yàn)包括百貨公司和購物中心的精品店，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以討價(jià)還價(jià)的時(shí)候，你可能會(huì)以一件東西的價(jià)格買到兩件東西，這讓我很驚訝。”確定shoppingmallboutiques是這家人在國內(nèi)的購物點(diǎn)，而不是在伊斯坦布爾，所以符合題意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.問答題

Wearewillingto(A)sharewhatever(B)weknow,nomatterhowitmightbelittle(C),withanyonewhoisinneedofthat(D)knowledgeorskill.

【答案】試題答案：C;howlittleitmightbe

【解析】考查詞序。nomatterhow表示“無論如何”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，nomatterhow后面接形容詞或副詞+句子。

18.單選題

EachMondayinfour（）weeksiscalledfour（）Mondays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.successive,consecutive

B.continuous,consecutive

C.consecutive,successive

D.consecutive,continuous

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。successive，consecutive，continuous都有“連續(xù)的”的意思，successive側(cè)重指一個(gè)接著一個(gè)連續(xù)發(fā)生；consecutive側(cè)重指事情按照次序連續(xù)發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)連貫性；continuous強(qiáng)調(diào)一件事情在不斷地進(jìn)行著，沒有間斷。句意：連續(xù)四周的每個(gè)星期一被稱為連續(xù)四個(gè)星期一。連續(xù)四周指的是按照次序連貫的四周，用consecutive表示，連續(xù)四個(gè)星期一指有先有后，依次發(fā)生的星期一，用successive表示。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:該國進(jìn)行核實(shí)驗(yàn)，也不（

）

實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。

optimistic樂觀的;anxious焦慮的，擔(dān)憂的;uncertain無常的，不確定的，含糊的;scared恐懼的，害怕的。Apprehensive憂慮的，不安的。故選B。

20.單選題

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（

）thesamecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchworse

B.lesslikely

C.allelse

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】句意:據(jù)報(bào)道，如今越來越少的工人愿意一輩子從事一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的工作，更不用說在一個(gè)公司了。

考查短語辨析。muchworse更糟糕的是;lesslikely最不可能的是;allelse其他一切；letalone更不用說。故D符合句意。

21.單選題

Asapersonwhocombinescarewith_______,Marisacompletedherdutieswith_______aswellaszeal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.levity...resignation

B.enthusiasm...meticulousness

C.vitality...willingness

D.empathy...rigor

【答案】B

【解析】levity...resignation輕率屈從;enthusiasm...meticulousness熱情嚴(yán)謹(jǐn);vitality...willingness活力樂意;empathy…rigor同情嚴(yán)厲。句意：Marisa是一個(gè)細(xì)心與熱情相結(jié)合的人,她一絲不茍、兢兢業(yè)業(yè)地完成了自己的職責(zé)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

22.單選題

Theyaretryingtokeepupasfederalresearchbudgetsarebarely（

）inflationandindustryispullingbackoninvestmentsinpureresearch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.composedof

B.channeledto

C.makingup

D.keepingpacewith

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。composeof“由……組成”；channelto“傳遞，輸送，引導(dǎo)”;makeup“組成，補(bǔ)足，化妝，編造，彌補(bǔ)”；keeppacewith“并駕齊驅(qū)，保持同步”。由句中“Theyaretryingtokeepup他們正試圖去維持”確定空格所在句句意是“由于聯(lián)邦研究預(yù)算幾乎不能與通貨膨脹保持同步”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Whilehewasnotdumberthananox,hewasnotanysmarter;somostofhisclassmateswerelenientandhelpedhimalong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpful

B.merciful

C.enthusiastic

D.intelligent