考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京京北職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京京北職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

It’samoderncity,fullof______towerblocks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rising

B.ascending

C.soaring

D.heaving

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.rising上升的，新興的B.ascending升（序）的

C.soaring猛增的，高聳的D.heaving（用力）舉起；拖v.

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“這是一座現(xiàn)代化的城市，到處都是______高樓大廈”可知，空格處修飾的是towerblocks（高樓大廈），soaring可表示“樹(shù)木、建筑等高聳”，所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)指太陽(yáng)、月亮的上升；

B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。.

【句意】這是一座現(xiàn)代化的城市，到處都是高聳的高樓大廈。

2.單選題

Accordingtotheperiodictable,______stillsomeelementsundiscovered.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itseemsthat

B.hereseem

C.thereseemtobe

D.itseemstobe

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定句型。句意：根據(jù)元素周期表，似乎仍有一些元素未被發(fā)現(xiàn)。A選項(xiàng)itseemsthat放進(jìn)來(lái)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)hereseem放進(jìn)來(lái)句子缺主語(yǔ)，here不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分；C選項(xiàng)thereseemtobe是therebe句型，當(dāng)seem用于therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其通常的表現(xiàn)形式為T(mén)hereseemstobe…，tobe可以省略，也可以保留，但以保留為多見(jiàn)；D選項(xiàng)itseemstobe中it指代不明確，用法錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)thereseemtobe符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theyarenolongeronspeakingtermsbecauseshe（）hisconfidence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exposed

B.destroyed

C.proved

D.betrayed

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。expose“揭露，曝光”;destroy“毀滅，破壞”;prove“證明，檢驗(yàn)，顯示”;betray“背叛，出賣(mài)”。句意：他們不再和睦相處了，因?yàn)樗撑蚜怂男湃?。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

DOTCOMSmaybemoribund,butinsidecompanies,theInternetisstillfindingcost-savingnewuses.“B2E—business-to-employee—didn’thaveacrash,”saysBipinPatel,inchargeofdevelopingthepotentialofthecorporateintranetattheFordMotorCompany,“It’sstillgrowing.”

Fordhasgonefurtherthanmostcompaniestogetitsemployeesonline:itoffereditsAmericanemployeespersonalcomputers,and90%ofthemaccepted.FordhopesthatthefreePCswillsaveitsownanditsemployees’timebymovingservicesonline.GeneralMotors,Ford’sgreatrival,consideredasimilarschemebutfoundthatmostemployeeswillingtousePCsalreadyhadthem.Itishelpingstafftopayforhigh-bandwidthconnectionsinstead.

AtFord,thehuman-resourcesdepartmenthaspioneeredaschemetoprovideup-to-the-minuteinformationtoemployeesaboutpayandbenefits.Inthepast,employeessometimesfoundthatittookweekstogetacopyofthepayinformationtheyneededtodotheirtaxreturns,andthedepartment’sstaffspentmind-numbinghoursansweringthesamequestionsfromhundredsofdifferentemployees.Nowemployeescanlookatapassword-protectedsitethatdisplaystheirpayslipsovertheprevious18months.Theycanseealldeductions,andthehourstheyworked.Allthisinformationwasonthehuman-resourcesdatabase:displayingittoemployeeshassavedstafftime.

“Peoplewantmoreandmoreofthisself-serviceinformation,whichtheycanmanagethemselves,”observesMr.Patel.“Thereisnosuchthingasinformationoverloadherebecauseit’stheirinformation.”Eventrainingseemstoworkbetteronline:Fordemployeescannowdownloadarangeofcourses,includingoneon“ListeningandHandlingToughSituations”,alldesignedfordigestionin10-or15-minutegobbets.Thecompanyclaimstohavecuttrainingcostsby$2millionduringthepastsixmonths,asfewerpeopleleavetheirdeskstolearn.

Thecompanyalsousesitsintranettocommunicatewithitsstaffaroundtheworld.JacquesNasser,Ford’sboss,sendsout“Let’schat”notesonceaweek.Infact,Mr.Nasserdoesmostofthechatting.HegetshundredsofE-mailsinreply,butthecommunicationisbasicallyaone-wayflow.Thecompanyalsorunschatrooms,inwhichemployeescanquestionvariousin-houseexpertsandoutsideanalystsliveonthecorporateintranet.

Intime,thinksMr.Patel,communicationstechnologywillreshapecorporatebehavior.Itwillencouragecollaborationandteam-working.Already,theInternetiscausingdisintermediationwithincompanies,heargues,justasitdidine-commerce:thehuman-resourcesdepartmentdoesmuchlessadministrationoncethebenefitssystemismoreself-service,butrathermoreadvisingandconsulting.Oneday,workinginhumanresourcesmightevenbefun.

61.Howdoestheauthorintroducehistopic?

62.WhydidFordandGMintendtoprovidetheiremployeeswithPCs?

63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofInternet?

64.Theexpression“aone-wayflow”mostprobablymeans____.

65.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Explainingaphenomenon.

B.Posingacontrast.

C.Justifyinganassumption.

D.Makingacomparison.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ProvidngPCsisawayofcompetition.

B.B2Eisagrowingthing.

C.PCscanhelpthemsavealot.

D.TheemployeesprefertousePCs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcansavecost.

B.Itcansavetime.

C.Itmakeshuman-resourcesdepartmentaneasyjob.

D.Itencouragescollaborationandteam-working.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.notencouragingopenanswers

B.onlyonesideaskingquestions

C.onlyyesornoquestions

D.thetopicslackvariety

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theemployeescanmanagealltheinformationbythemselves.

B.TheInternetcanhelpDOTCOMScomebacktolife.

C.TheInternetmakestheworkofhuman-resourcesdepartmentmoredirectandinteresting.

D.Thecoursesdownloadedarepractical,buttime-consuming.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】61.判斷推理題。題干“作者是如何引入主題的？”本文第1句DOTCOMSmaybemoribund,butinsidecompanies,theInternetisstillfindingcost-savingnewuses（網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司可能奄奄一息，但在公司內(nèi)部，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)仍在尋找節(jié)省成本的新途徑），擺出觀點(diǎn)；接著舉例論證該觀點(diǎn)，舉FordMotorCompany（福特汽車(chē)公司）的例子，介紹該公司是怎么節(jié)省成本；最后一段，通過(guò)福特公司的例子進(jìn)一步展望通信技術(shù)將重塑企業(yè)行為。C選項(xiàng)“論證一個(gè)假設(shè)”比較符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“解釋一種現(xiàn)象”、B選項(xiàng)“設(shè)置一個(gè)對(duì)照”、D選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)行對(duì)比”，均未體現(xiàn)。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

62.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“為什么福特和通用打算給他們的員工提供個(gè)人電腦”，可定位到第1段第4句FordhopesthatthefreePCswillsaveitsownanditsemployees’timebymovingservicesonline.（福特公司希望免費(fèi)的個(gè)人電腦通過(guò)將服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移到網(wǎng)上節(jié)省公司和員工的時(shí)間。）由此可知，公司這么做的原因是為了節(jié)省時(shí)間。C選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人電腦可以幫他們節(jié)省很多”表述符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“提供個(gè)人電腦是一種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)方式”、B選項(xiàng)“B2E正在發(fā)展中”、D選項(xiàng)“員工更喜歡使用個(gè)人電腦”，原文均不符合題意，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

63.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“以下哪項(xiàng)不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)？”A選項(xiàng)“它可以節(jié)省成本”，可定位到第3段最后一句Thecompanyclaimstohavecuttrainingcostsby$2millionduringthepastsixmonths,asfewerpeopleleavetheirdeskstolearn.（該公司聲稱(chēng)，在過(guò)去6個(gè)月里，由于離開(kāi)辦公桌去學(xué)習(xí)的人越來(lái)越少，培訓(xùn)成本降低了200萬(wàn)美元。）由此可知，公司利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供線上培訓(xùn)課程，大大節(jié)省了培訓(xùn)成本，選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除；B選項(xiàng)“這樣可以節(jié)省時(shí)間”，可定位到第2段最后一句Allthisinformationwasonthehuman-resourcesdatabase:displayingittoemployeeshassavedstafftime.（所有這些信息都在人力資源數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中：向員工展示這些信息可以節(jié)省員工的時(shí)間。）由此可知，公司利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)建立人力資源信息庫(kù)，大大節(jié)省了員工的時(shí)間，選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除；C選項(xiàng)“這讓人力資源部門(mén)的工作變得簡(jiǎn)單”，可定位到最后一段最后一句thehuman-resourcesdepartmentdoesmuchlessadministrationoncethebenefitssystemismoreself-service,butrathermoreadvisingandconsulting.Oneday,workinginhumanresourcesmightevenbefun.（一旦福利系統(tǒng)變得更加自助式，人力資源部門(mén)的行政管理工作就會(huì)大大減少，而會(huì)更多地提供建議和咨詢(xún)。有一天，在人力資源部門(mén)工作甚至可能會(huì)很有趣。）由此可知，雖然互聯(lián)網(wǎng)減少了人力資源部門(mén)的行政管理工作，但是增加了建議和咨詢(xún)工作，可能會(huì)讓工作更有趣，但并沒(méi)有讓工作變得更簡(jiǎn)單。選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“它鼓勵(lì)合作和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作”，可定位到倒數(shù)第2段第1句Thecompanyalsousesitsintranettocommunicatewithitsstaffaroundtheworld.（該公司還利用內(nèi)部網(wǎng)與世界各地的員工進(jìn)行溝通。）由此可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)促進(jìn)了公司員工之間的溝通。最后一段第2句Itwillencouragecollaborationandteam-working.（它將鼓勵(lì)合作和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。）由此可知，選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

64.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干“aone-wayflow這個(gè)短語(yǔ)最有可能的意思是____”可定位到倒數(shù)第2段第4句HegetshundredsofE-mailsinreply,butthecommunicationisbasicallyaone-wayflow.（他收到了數(shù)百封電子郵件的回復(fù)，但交流基本上是____。）由此可知，one-wayflow的意思是溝通是單向的，即老板提出問(wèn)題，員工只做回答，不會(huì)向老板提問(wèn)，B選項(xiàng)“只有一方提出問(wèn)題”最符合語(yǔ)境；A選項(xiàng)“不鼓勵(lì)公開(kāi)回答”、C選項(xiàng)“只有是或否的問(wèn)題”、D選項(xiàng)“主題缺乏多樣性”不符合語(yǔ)境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

65.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的?”A選項(xiàng)“員工可以自己管理所有的信息”，可定位到第2段第1句AtFord,thehuman-resourcesdepartmenthaspioneeredaschemetoprovideup-to-the-minuteinformationtoemployeesaboutpayandbenefits.（在福特公司，人力資源部門(mén)首創(chuàng)了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，向員工提供有關(guān)工資和福利的最新信息。）由此可知，并不是所有的信息，而是有關(guān)工資和福利的信息，另外，也不是由員工自己管理，而是向員工開(kāi)放這些信息，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，排除；B選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以幫助網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司起死回生”，可定位到第1段第1句DOTCOMSmaybemoribund,butinsidecompanies,theInternetisstillfindingcost-savingnewuses.（網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司可能奄奄一息，但在公司內(nèi)部，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)仍在尋找節(jié)省成本的新用途。）由此可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)只是在奄奄一息的網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司內(nèi)部，有助于節(jié)省成本，原文并無(wú)關(guān)于起死回生的表述，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，排除；C選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使人力資源部門(mén)的工作更加直接和有趣”，可定位到第2段第1句AtFord,thehuman-resourcesdepartmenthaspioneeredaschemetoprovideup-to-the-minuteinformationtoemployeesaboutpayandbenefits.（在福特公司，人力資源部門(mén)首創(chuàng)了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，向員工提供有關(guān)工資和福利的最新信息。）由此可知，人力資源部門(mén)向員工直接提供工資和福利相關(guān)信息，即互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓人力資源部門(mén)的工作更加直接。最后一段最后一句Oneday,workinginhumanresourcesmightevenbefun.（有一天，在人力資源部門(mén)工作甚至可能會(huì)很有趣。）綜上，選項(xiàng)表述與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“下載的課程很實(shí)用，但很耗時(shí)”，可定位到第3段倒數(shù)第2句Fordemployeescannowdownloadarangeofcourses…alldesignedfordigestionin10-or15-minutegobbets.（福特員工現(xiàn)在可以下載一系列課程……所有課程都是為10到15分鐘的時(shí)間消化而設(shè)計(jì)的。）由此可知，下載的課程時(shí)長(zhǎng)很短，并不耗時(shí)，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

5.單選題

Whilesomebusinessexecutivesrepeatedtheirobjectionstothenewsmokingrestrictions,otherssaidtheywantedmoretimeto（

）theimpactoftoday'sdecision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attest

B.obtain

C.affect

D.weigh

【答案】D

【解析】句意:一些企業(yè)經(jīng)管人員對(duì)新的吸煙限制條件表示反對(duì)，另外一部分人表示需要更多的時(shí)間去權(quán)衡如今決定的影響。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Attest證明,證實(shí);obtain獲得;affect影響,感染,感動(dòng);weigh權(quán)衡,考慮,稱(chēng)重量。故D符合句意。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Hurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemillionsofdollarsinpropertydamageandtakemanylives.Theycanbeextremelydangerous,andtoooftenpeopleunderestimatetheirfury.

HurricanesnormallyoriginateasasmallareaofthunderstormsovertheAtlanticOceanwestoftheCapeVerdeIslandsduringAugustorSeptember.Forseveraldays,theareaofthestormincreasesandtheairpressurefallsslowly.Acenteroflowpressureforms,andwindsbegintowhirlaroundit.Itisblownwestward,increasinginsizeandstrength.

Hurricanehuntersthenflyouttothestorminordertodetermineitssizeandintensityandtotrackitsdirection.Theydropinstrumentsforrecordingtemperature,airpressure,andhumidity（濕度）,intothestorm.Theyalsolookatthesizeofwavesontheocean,theclouds,andtheeyeofthestorm.Theeyeisaregionofrelativecalmandclearskiesinthecenterofthehurricane.Peopleoftenlosetheirlivesbyleavingshelterwhentheeyehasarrived,onlytobecaughtintremendouswindsagainwhentheeyehaspassed.

Oncetheforecastershavedeterminedthatitislikelythehurricanewillreachshore,theyissueahurricanewatchforalarge,generalareathatmaybeinthepathofthestorm.Later,whentheprobablepointoflandfallisclearer,theywillissueahurricanewarningforasomewhatmorelimitedarea.Peopleintheseareasarewisetostockuponnonperishablefoods,flashlightandradiobatteries,candles,andotheritemstheymayneedifelectricityandwaterarenotavailableafterthestorm.Theyshouldalsotrytohurricane-prooftheirhousesbybringinginlight-weightfurnitureandotheritemsfromoutsideandcoveringwindows.Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarewisetoevacuatetheirhousesbecauseofthestormsurge,whichisalargerushofwaterthatmaycomeashorewiththestorm.Hurricanesgenerallylosepowerslowlywhiletravelingoverland,butmanymoveouttosea,gatherupforceagain,andreturntoland.Astheymovetowardthenorth,theygenerallylosetheiridentityashurricanes.

46.Theeyeofthehurricaneis（）.

47.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

48.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

49.Thelow-lyingareasrefertothoseregionsthat（）.

50.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamethodofprotectingone’shousefromahurricane?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepowerfulcenterofthestorm

B.thepartthatdeterminesitsdirection

C.therelativelycalmcenterofthestorm

D.thecenteroflowpressure

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Astormsurgeisadramaticincreaseinwindvelocity.

B.Ahurricanewatchismoreseriousthanahurricanewarning.

C.Fallingairpressureisanindicatorthatthestormisincreasinginintensity.

D.Itissafetogooutsideoncetheeyehasarrived.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.HowtoAvoidHurricanedamage

B.ForecastingHurricanes

C.ThedangerousHurricane

D.AtlanticStorms

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.closetothegroundlevel

B.one-storeyflat

C.flathouses

D.neartothelowestlevelofhurricane

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.takingoutheavythings

B.movinginlight-weightfurniture

C.equippingthehousewithstones

D.coveringwindowsHurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemillionsofdollarsinpropertydamageandtakemanylives.Theycanbeextremelydangerous,andtoooftenpeopleunderestimatetheirfury.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。從第三段倒數(shù)第二句Theeyeisaregionofrelativecalmandclearskiesinthecenterofthehurricane.（颶風(fēng)眼是颶風(fēng)中心相對(duì)平靜和晴朗的天空區(qū)域）可知C項(xiàng)“風(fēng)暴相對(duì)平靜的中心”正確。A項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)大的風(fēng)暴中心”與文意相反，排除；B項(xiàng)“決定其方向的部分”文中未提及；D項(xiàng)“低壓中心”定位到原文第一段可知低壓中心是颶風(fēng)形成前的表現(xiàn)，故錯(cuò)誤。

47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。從最后一段倒數(shù)第三句Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarewisetoevacuatetheirhousesbecauseofthestormsurge,whichisalargerushofwaterthatmaycomeashorewiththestorm.（生活在低洼地區(qū)的人們明智地撤離他們的房屋，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)暴潮是一股巨大的水流，可能會(huì)隨著風(fēng)暴上岸。）可知stormsurge是指水而不是風(fēng)，所以A項(xiàng)“風(fēng)暴潮是風(fēng)速的急劇增加?！辈徽_。根據(jù)最后一段開(kāi)頭的描述，颶風(fēng)可能登陸時(shí)先在一個(gè)較大的可能范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行hurricanewatch,然后在可能著陸點(diǎn)hurricanewarning，可以看出hurricanewarning比hurricanewatch更嚴(yán)重,所以B項(xiàng)“颶風(fēng)監(jiān)視比颶風(fēng)警報(bào)更嚴(yán)重。”不正確。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Peopleoftenlosetheirlivesbyleavingshelterwhentheeyehasarrived,onlytobecaughtintremendouswindsagainwhentheeyehaspassed.（當(dāng)風(fēng)眼來(lái)臨時(shí)，人們?nèi)绻叱龇块g會(huì)被風(fēng)眼過(guò)去后的大風(fēng)吹死），所以說(shuō)在風(fēng)眼來(lái)臨時(shí)走出房間是不安全的）D項(xiàng)“風(fēng)眼來(lái)臨，出去是安全的”也不正確。通過(guò)排除法可知只有C項(xiàng)“氣壓下降表明風(fēng)暴的強(qiáng)度在增加”正確。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。閱讀全文，分別講了颶風(fēng)的形成、颶風(fēng)的預(yù)報(bào)、面對(duì)颶風(fēng)的防范措施、颶風(fēng)的消亡，C項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)的颶風(fēng)”可以作為標(biāo)題概括文章內(nèi)容。A項(xiàng)“如何避免颶風(fēng)的破壞”；B項(xiàng)“颶風(fēng)預(yù)報(bào)”；D項(xiàng)“大西洋風(fēng)暴”都只涉及到文章的一個(gè)方面。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干low-lyingareas是指地勢(shì)低平的地區(qū)，A項(xiàng)“接近地面”；B、C是指一層平房，D項(xiàng)“接近最低級(jí)別的颶風(fēng)”。所以只有A項(xiàng)符合。

50.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。從第三段第六行Theyshouldalsotrytohurricane-prooftheirhousesbybringinginlightweightfurnitureandotheritemsfromoutsideandcoveringwindows.（他們還應(yīng)嘗試從外部帶入輕巧的家具和其他物品并遮蓋窗戶(hù)，以防颶風(fēng)襲擊他們的房屋）可知將輕的家具、物品帶入房?jī)?nèi)，蓋住窗戶(hù)是預(yù)防颶風(fēng)的措施，所以B和D正確，其中也暗含了選項(xiàng)A“取出重物”，因?yàn)閷⑤p的物品放入房?jī)?nèi)也就意味著將重的物品帶出房間，所以A也符合。C選項(xiàng)文中未提及。

7.單選題

Ialwayslefthomeforschoolearlierinthemorning______trafficjam.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.forthesakeof

C.incaseof

D.attheriskof

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)inlinewith“與……一致”；B選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了”；C選項(xiàng)incaseof“以防萬(wàn)一”；D選項(xiàng)attheriskof“冒著……的危險(xiǎn)”。句意：我總是在早上較早離開(kāi)家去上學(xué)______交通堵塞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指早點(diǎn)出門(mén)是為了不想堵車(chē)，C選項(xiàng)incaseof“以防萬(wàn)一”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Howmanythingscanyouseeinthenightsky?Alot!OnaclearnightyoumightseetheMoon,someplanets,andthousandsofsparklingstars,

Youcanseeevenmorewithatelescope.Youmightseestarswherebeforeyouonlysawdarkspace.Youmightseethatmanystarslooklargerthanothers.Youmightseethatsomestarsthatlookwhitearereallyredorblue.Withbiggerandbiggertelescopesyoucanseemoreandmoreobjectsinthesky.Andyoucanseethoseobjectsinmoreandmoredetails.

Butscientistsbelievetherearesomethingsintheskythatwewillneversee.Wewon'tseethemwiththebiggesttelescopeintheworld,ontheclearestnightoftheyear.That'sbecausethey'reinvisible.They'rethemysteriousdeadstarscalledblackholes.

Youmightfindithardtoimaginethatstarsdie.Afterall,ourSunisastar.Yearafteryearweseeitupintheskyburningbrightly,givingusheatandlight.TheSuncertainlydoesn'tseemtobegettingoldorweak.Butstarsdoburnoutanddieafterbillionsofyears.

Asastar'sgasesburn,theygiveofflightandheat.Butwhenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie.

Asthestarcools,theouterlayersofthestarpullintowardthecenter.Thestarsquashesintoasmallerandsmallerball.Ifthestarwasverysmall,thestarendsupasacold,darkballcalledablackdwarf.Ifthestarwasverybig,itkeepssquashinginwarduntilit'spackedtogethertighterthananythingintheuniverse.

ImagineiftheEarthwerecrusheduntilitwasthesizeofatinymarble.That'showtightlythisdeadstar,ablackholeispackeD.Whatpullsthestarintowarditscenterwithsuchpower?It'sthesameforcethatpullsyoudownwhenyoujump—theforcecalledgravity.Ablackholeissotightlypackedthatitsgravitysucksineverything—evenlight.Thelightfromblackholecannevercomebacktoyoureyes.That'swhyyouseenothingbutblackness.

Sothenexttimeyoustareupatthenightsky,remember：there'smoreintheskythanmeetstheeyes!Scatteredinthesilentdarknessareblackholes—thegreatmysteryofspace.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatcausesastartodie?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafact?

3.WhathappensAFTERastardies?

4.Whycan'tyouseelightwhenyoulookatablackhole?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asitsgasesrunout,itcoolsdown.

B.Itcollideswithotherstars.

C.Itcanonlyliveforaboutamillionyears.

D.Asitgetshotterandhotter,itexplodes.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Blackholesaredeadstars.

B.Blackholeshavegravity.

C.Blackholesareinvisible.

D.Thereisnothingasmysteriousasablackhole.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itbecomesinvisible.

B.ItfallstoEarth.

C.Itburnsupallofitsgases.

D.Itbecomesbrighterandeasiertosee.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemostblackholesaresofaraway.

B.Becausethegravityofablackholeissostrongthatitsucksthelightinward.

C.Becauseasthestar'sgasesburn,itstopsgivingoffheatandlight.

D.Becauseasastarcools,itsouterlayerspullintowarditscenter.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefutureofourSunbillionsofyearsfromnow.

B.ThedifferencebetweenourSunandadeadstar.

C.Themysteryofblackholesintheuniverse.

D.Thesparklinganddyingstarsinthesky.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)笫五段的第二句"whenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie."當(dāng)氣體耗盡時(shí),恒星停止燃燒并開(kāi)始死亡。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A,B,C均是對(duì)黑洞正確的描述;選項(xiàng)D描述太絕對(duì),所以不正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)六七段的內(nèi)容可知,當(dāng)恒星死亡后,重力使其向內(nèi)擠壓,最后可能形成黑洞。而黑洞是看不見(jiàn)的,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)策二段的倒數(shù)二三句"Ablackholeissotightlypackedthatitsgravitysucksineverything—evenlight.Thelightfromblackholecannevercomebacktoyoureyes."黑洞是如此的緊湊以至于它的重力吸收一切——甚至光。黑洞發(fā)出的光永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)回到你的眼睛里。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容,本文主要是講黑洞的形成與影響,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval.

D.Multiplechoiceexamsarethemostdifficult.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干中的STM可以將答案定位到文章第一段第四句。本題問(wèn)記憶是如何進(jìn)入短時(shí)記憶中的。第一段第四句提到，“進(jìn)入短時(shí)記憶的信息是通過(guò)感覺(jué)儲(chǔ)存區(qū)域傳遞到那里的?！辈⒃谙挛慕忉屨f(shuō)，“大腦有一個(gè)過(guò)濾機(jī)制，只允許當(dāng)下有用的刺激通過(guò)，傳遞到短時(shí)記憶中。”由此可見(jiàn)，選項(xiàng)B“它們從感覺(jué)儲(chǔ)存區(qū)域被過(guò)濾”是正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)文中均未提及。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)題。題干說(shuō)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為普通人如何在短時(shí)間內(nèi)記住更多的信息？通過(guò)題干我們可以定位到第二段，第二段的主旨就是講如何記住更多的信息，我們?cè)倏吹降诙蔚淖詈笠痪?，“Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM…”這里提示了我們答案為A，也就是重新組織我們需要記憶的東西可以幫助我們提升短時(shí)間的記憶容量。

第3題:作者意圖題。問(wèn)題是：作者寫(xiě)“狗叫”的目的是什么，前文我們可以看到，“Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.”，作者說(shuō)這種類(lèi)型的記憶一旦被打斷就會(huì)被忘掉，之后舉例給了一個(gè)情景來(lái)描述這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，他說(shuō)當(dāng)一個(gè)人在想通過(guò)重復(fù)讀來(lái)記下一個(gè)電話號(hào)碼時(shí)，如果被門(mén)鈴或狗叫打斷，那么他就會(huì)忘記那個(gè)他一直通過(guò)重復(fù)朗讀而記下來(lái)的號(hào)碼；那么這里的“dogbark”就是一種打斷的方式，因此B正確。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞我們定位到最后一段，A項(xiàng)就是上文講的重點(diǎn)，因此保留；B項(xiàng)不對(duì)，這個(gè)方法確實(shí)是方法之一，但是文章并沒(méi)有說(shuō)它是最有效的；C項(xiàng)與原文正好相反；D項(xiàng)為無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)，因此答案為A。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。問(wèn)選項(xiàng)正確與否，我們需要四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都看。A項(xiàng)，死記硬背在第二段就被作者否定了，因?yàn)橐坏┍淮驍嗑蜔o(wú)法記住，因此A錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)是無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)，全文都沒(méi)有提過(guò)要寫(xiě)下來(lái)信息，因此B錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)是正確的，最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句是提示點(diǎn)；D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，文章只是說(shuō)多選題可以考查的信息比較多，但是并沒(méi)有說(shuō)它是最難的，沒(méi)有論據(jù)支持，錯(cuò)誤，答案為C。

10.單選題

Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,isutterlyclearaboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanwork,andifmoneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.

Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingtotheirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththeaveragewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens’commitmenttowork(gaugedbyaskingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregardedajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.

Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsofhardwork:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelofeducationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.

Couldthe“dependencyculture”currentlyexcercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraisingbenefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformanyreasons.Thegenerosityofwhatthereportterms“encompassing”states,allNordicwithLutherantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrongworkethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.

Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverallgenerosity:“corporatist”statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.Britain’slittlebenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofpreviousemployment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasoneofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.

6.“Work-shycitizens”inthelastsentenceofparagraph1probablyreferstopeoplewhoare（）.

7.Fromparagraph2,welearnthat（）.

8.Britonsareunmotivatedintheirworkmainlydueto（）.

9.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompetentfortheirwork

B.ashamedoftheirwork

C.unwillingtodotheirwork

D.irresponsiblefortheirwork

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Britons’averagewageisthelowestinEurope

B.Britonsrelyheavilyongovernmentwelfares

C.Britonspreferleisuretowork

D.Britonsarenotenthusiasticinwork

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.weakworkethic

B.insufficientworkskills

C.lazylifestyle

D.defectivewelfaresystem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericansareprobablylessinterestedintheirworkthanBritons.

B.NorwegiansexceedBritonsinprofessionaleducation.

C.PeopleinNordiccountriesaremorecommittedtotheirworkthanGermans.

D.Thewelfareof“encompassing”statesmightbebetterthanthatof“corporatist”states.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AttitudetoWork:DiligentorIdle?

B.AttitudetoWork:Can’torWon’t?

C.WelfareSystem:StimulatororInhibitor?

D.WelfareSystem:MoreGenerousorMoreReasonable?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：第一段最后一句中的“work-shycitizens”可能指的是_________的人。通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞“work-shycitizens”可以定位到第一段最后一句話前后內(nèi)容Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.（如果現(xiàn)實(shí)中的人也一樣如此，那么大量的失業(yè)福利應(yīng)該在那些不愿工作的公民身上找到。），可知C選項(xiàng)“不愿去做他們的工作”符合題意。選項(xiàng)A“無(wú)法勝任他們的工作”，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)自己的工作感到羞愧”，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他們的工作不負(fù)責(zé)任”。根據(jù)“失業(yè)福利”這個(gè)單詞可知，Work-shycitizens指的是不愿工作而導(dǎo)致失業(yè)的人，所以A，B，D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干：從第2段，我們可以學(xué)習(xí)到_______。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.（一個(gè)國(guó)家越慷慨，其人民就越熱衷于工作。英國(guó)人緊隨美國(guó)人之后，福利最微薄，他們對(duì)工作最不感興趣。）可知，D選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人對(duì)工作沒(méi)有熱情”，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人的平均工資是歐洲最低的”，文章表達(dá)的英國(guó)福利最差，并不是說(shuō)平均工