考研考博-英語-華東交通大學理工學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華東交通大學理工學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inthispoorcountry,survivalisstilltheleadingindustry;allelseis（）.

問題1選項

A.luxury

B.accommodation

C.entertainment

D.refreshment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項luxury“奢侈品，享受”；B選項accommodation“住處，膳宿，調(diào)節(jié)”；C選項entertainment“娛樂，消遣，款待”；D選項refreshment“點心，起提神作用的東西，精力恢復”。句意：在這個貧窮的國家里，生存是最大的事，其他的一切都是奢侈的事情。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

2.單選題

Wearetoldthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogrammeasPanoroma.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtoomuchintimationaboutsocieties,formsoflife,andattitudesotherthanthosewhichtheyobtainintheirlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnomorethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinquarry(采石場)andwhichmay,conceivably,gotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesarepresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobservefleetinglyindividuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthemissufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesiretokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.Theorgansoftheestablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandwhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathattheywillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandinquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchinquiriesmightreallyhurt.Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptionsofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestionclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogramsgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo(現(xiàn)狀).Therewereexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themassmediapresentuswith（

）.

2.Whateffectisitclaimedthemassmediacanhaveonourintellectualandimaginativedevelopment?

3.Theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedralthat（

）.

4.Howarethemassmediasaidtoinfluenceourabilitytomakedecisions?

5.Themainweaknessofthemassmediaisidentifiedbytheauthoras（

）.

問題1選項

A.insufficientdiversityofinformation

B.toorestrictedaviewoflife

C.awiderangeoffactsandopinions

D.acriticalassessmentofoursociety

問題2選項

A.Theyarelikelytofrustratethisdevelopment.

B.Theycanformabasisforit.

C.Theycandistortourjudgment.

D.Theycanstimulatetoomuchmentalactivity.

問題3選項

A.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialonly

B.themediaevalmediahaddifferentbeliefs

C.greatworksofartrequiregoodfoundations

D.closeattentiontodetailisimportant

問題4選項

A.Theydisturbusbytheirprejudices.

B.Theymakeusdoubtourownjudgments.

C.Theymakenocontributioninthisarea.

D.Theymakedecisionswhichappeartoocomplicated.

問題5選項

A.fearoflosingthecustomer

B.thediverseviewsofthecontributors

C.servicetotheprofitmotive

D.tryingtocaterforavestrangeofaudience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第一段指出:人類歷史上從來沒有過如此多的人頻繁地批露，諸如：社會、生活方式以及思想觀念的陰暗面，而這些與人們從所處社會接收的那些信息是不同的。因此排除A、B項。第二段指出:Thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiresmightreallyhurt(盡管他們辯論、質(zhì)疑，但仍然觸及不到關鍵之處),由此推斷D項(對社會的一個批判性評估)是大眾傳媒所不具備的。故選C項(廣泛的事實和意見)。

2.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞intellectualandimaginativedevelopment定位至第一段:Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes。據(jù)此可知B項正確。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild,作者用建大教堂這個比喻說明有價值的結(jié)果不僅僅依靠原材料。故選A。

4.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位至第二段。第二句說:大眾媒介經(jīng)常不能把做這些決定的困難進行報道，它不起作用，更不會使決定變得更為復雜。故選C。

5.細節(jié)題。作者認為大眾傳播媒介的主要弱點是為了獲得利益,故C項(因為獲利動機)正確。

3.單選題

Agrowingnumberofcollegeofficials,guidancecounselorsandeducationexpertswouldliketoeliminate,orsharplycurtail(減少)earlyadmission(提前錄取)—aprocessinwhichmanycollegesadmitasubstantialpercentageoftheirstudentsinthefall.Controversyisparticularlyheatedregardingmanyearlyadmissionprogramsthatrequireapplicantstogiveupthechancetoapplyelsewhere.

Opponentsofearlyadmissionsofferseveralcriticisms.Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.Moreover,criticssay,earlyadmissionunfairlygivesaleguptosomeapplicants,mostlythosewhoalreadyhavemanyadvantages-studentsateliteprivateschoolsandwealthypublicschoolswherefamiliesandguidancecounselorsknowhowtoworktheanglesoftheadmissionssystem.

ThepresidentofYaleUniversityfueledthedebateearlierthismonthbyproposingthatYaleandothereliteinstitutionsconsiderabandoningtheearlyprograms.Inasignofjusthowcompetitivetheadmissionsprocesshasbecome,hesaidhisuniversitycouldnotmakesuchamovealone.Evensomestudentswhogainearlyadmissiontothecollegestheywantsaytheprocessinvolvestoomuchpressure,toosoon.

Theuseof“earlydecision”and“earlyaction”programs,which,indifferentways,grantadmissiontostudentsmonthsaheadoftheusualspringnotifications,hassoaredinrecentyearsandisatwhatsomesayarerecordhighs.ManytopprivatecollegesnowacceptmorethanathirdoftheirfreshmanclassesintheweeksbeforeChristmas,significantlyreducingthenumberofspotsavailableinthespring.Fornextyear,Stanfordalreadyhaspicked34%ofitsfreshmanclass;Yalehaschosen42%ofits.TheUniversityofPennsylvaniahaslockedup49.5%ofitsenteringclass.

Earlyadmissionpolicieshaveexistedforatleast20years.Buttheiruse—andthecontroversyaroundthem—hasgrowninthelastdecade,especiallysincethemid-1990s,whenYale,PrincetonandStanfordallinstitutedbindingearlydecision.Theprogramsclearlybenefitcolleges,allowingschoolstolockintalentedyoungscholarsandenhancetheirownstandingsintheinfluentialcollegerankings.

31.Insomepeople’sopinion,earlyadmissions（）.

32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

33.Accordingtothepassage,Yaleclaimedthat（）.

34.Inrecentyears,earlyadmissions（）.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetoearlyadmissionis（）.

問題1選項

A.willbeabolishedinthefuture

B.causeunfaircompetitionincolleges

C.attractmoreandmorestudents

D.arepopularwithoutentranceexams

問題2選項

A.earlyadmissionsincludeexcellentstudentsineveryschool

B.parentsareagainstearlyadmissionsabsolutely

C.manyparentslearnlittleabouttheearlyadmissionsystem

D.thepeoplewhohavetheupperhandhasmorechancesinearlyadmissions

問題3選項

A.theyweresatisfiedwiththestudentsfromearlyadmissions

B.theywerecriticalofthedeedofothercolleges

C.theywereawareofthedisadvantagesoftheearlyadmissionsystem

D.theywouldreformthecurrentearlyadmissionsystem

問題4選項

A.changedthestandardfully

B.werelesscompetitive

C.werebecomingmoreandmorepopular

D.werenotpublicizedinspringanylonger

問題5選項

A.optimistic

B.pessimistic

C.despairing

D.conservative

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】31.推理判斷題。定位在文章第二段第一句Opponentsofearlyadmissionsofferseveralcriticisms.（反對提前錄取的人提出了一些批評言論。）Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.（他們說，這種做法加劇了進入美國頂尖大學的不健康競爭。）由此可知提前錄取會引起大學不公平競爭。B選項“會造成大學里不公平的競爭”正確，符合題意。A選項“將來會被廢除”，C選項“吸引越來越多的學生”，D選項“沒有入學考試很受歡迎”，A，C，D在文章中并未涉及，可排除。故選B。

32.推理判斷題。定位在第二段最后一句Moreover,criticssay,earlyadmissionunfairlygivesaleguptosomeapplicants,mostlythosewhoalreadyhavemanyadvantages-studentsateliteprivateschoolsandwealthypublicschoolswherefamiliesandguidancecounselorsknowhowtoworktheanglesoftheadmissionssystem.（此外，批評人士說，提前錄取不公平地讓一些申請人獲得了優(yōu)勢，主要是那些已經(jīng)有很多優(yōu)勢的學生——就讀于精英私立學校和富裕的公立學校的學生，這些學校的家庭和輔導員都知道如何從招生系統(tǒng)的角度出發(fā)。）A選項“每所學校的優(yōu)秀生都被提前錄取”，B選項“家長堅決反對提前錄取”，C選項“許多家長對提前錄取制度了解甚少”，A，B，C選項在文章中并未提及，可排除。D選項“那些占上風的人在提前錄取方面機會更大”正確，故選D。

33.推理判斷題。定位在第三段ThepresidentofYaleUniversityfueledthedebateearlierthismonthbyproposingthatYaleandothereliteinstitutionsconsiderabandoningtheearlyprograms.（本月早些時候，耶魯大學的總統(tǒng)教授提出，耶魯和其他精英機構(gòu)應該考慮放棄早期的項目，這引發(fā)了這場爭論。）Evensomestudentswhogainearlyadmissiontothecollegestheywantsaytheprocessinvolvestoomuchpressure,toosoon.（甚至一些提前被他們想要的大學錄取的學生也說，這個過程壓力太大，太早了。）由此推論耶魯大學和提前錄取的學生都覺得這項制度有不合理的地方。A選項“他們對提前錄取的學生感到滿意”，未提及。B選項“他們對其他學院的行為持批評態(tài)度”，只是倡議取消，并未提出批評，C選項“他們意識到了提前錄取制度的弊端”正確，正是意識到了弊端才會提出考慮放棄提前錄取的項目。D選項“他們將改革現(xiàn)行的提前錄取制度”，太過肯定，還處在提議爭論中，并未得出結(jié)果。故選C。

34.推理判斷題。定位在第四段第一句Theuseof“earlydecision”and“earlyaction”programs,which,indifferentways,grantadmissiontostudentsmonthsaheadoftheusualspringnotifications,hassoaredinrecentyearsandisatwhatsomesayarerecordhighs.（“提前決定”和“提前行動”項目的使用，以不同的方式，讓學生比通常的春季通知提前幾個月被錄取。近年來，這些項目的使用激增，有人說達到了創(chuàng)紀錄的高點。）Earlyadmissionpolicieshaveexistedforatleast20years.Buttheiruse—andthecontroversyaroundthem—hasgrowninthelastdecade…（提前錄取政策已經(jīng)存在了至少20年。但它們的使用——以及圍繞它們的爭議——在過去10年中不斷增長），由關鍵詞soar“激增”，grown“生長，擴大”，我們可以推理出提前錄取到現(xiàn)在還是普遍盛行的。因此C選項“變得越來越受歡迎”正確。A選項“完全改變了標準”并未談及標準，B選項“競爭性較弱”，Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.（他們說，這種做法加劇了進入美國頂尖大學的不健康競爭。）表述錯誤，D選項“在春天不再宣傳了”，據(jù)第四段第一句可知，表述有誤。故選C。

35.觀點態(tài)度題。定位在文章中的最后一句Theprogramsclearlybenefitcolleges,allowingschoolstolockintalentedyoungscholarsandenhancetheirownstandingsintheinfluentialcollegerankings.（這些項目顯然對大學而言是有利的，允許學校鎖定有才華的年輕學者，提高自己在有影響力的大學中的地位排名。）由此可知作者覺得這項制度還是有利可取的。故A選項“樂觀的”正確。B選項“悲觀的”，C選項“絕望的”，D選項“保守的”均可排除，故選A。

4.單選題

TheFirstWorldWarbeganinacontextofjargonandverbaldelicacyandcontinuedinacloudofeuphemismas（

）aslanguageandliterature,skillfullyused,couldmakeit.

問題1選項

A.enthralling

B.impenetrable

C.lucid

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。enthralling迷人的；impenetrable不能通過的；費解的；lucid明晰的；透明的；易懂的；deliberate故意的；深思熟慮的；從容的。句意：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)開始于行話和精致言語的環(huán)境中，然后像語言和文學在巧妙地使用的情況下可以做到的那樣繼續(xù)于費解的委婉語的陰云中。從continuedinacloudofeuphemism（委婉語的陰云中）可知B項“費解的”符合題意。

5.單選題

Sarahputinaspecial______foranextraday’sholidaysothatshecouldattendherfriend’swedding.

問題1選項

A.inquiry

B.appeal

C.proposal

D.request

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.inquiry探究，調(diào)查B.appeal呼吁，吸引

C.proposal提議，建議D.request請求

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由anextraday’sholiday（額外休假一天）可推測，putinaspecial______表示“提出一個特別的請求”。因此，該題選擇D項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項都不符合句意。

【句意】莎拉提出額外休假一天的特殊要求，以便參加朋友的婚禮。

6.單選題

Givethepreviouslyexpressedinterestandtheambitioustoneofherrecentspeeches,thesenator’sattempttoconvincethepublicthatsheisnotinterestedinrunningforasecondtermis（

）.

問題1選項

A.laudable

B.sincere

C.authentic

D.futile

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項laudable“值得贊賞的”；B選項sincere“真誠的，真摯的”；C選項authentic“真正的，真實的”；D選項futile“無用的，無效的”。根據(jù)句意‘她在先前的演講中已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出興趣和勃勃雄心，這位參議員試圖說服公眾相信她對競選連任不感興趣的做法是毫無用處的?！疍選項正確。

7.單選題

Ifeelquiteconfidentin（）Mr.Jacksontoyouforthevacantpostofresearchassistant.

問題1選項

A.submitting

B.proclaiming

C.recalling

D.recommending

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。submitting提交；proclaiming宣告，贊揚；recalling回顧，回想；recommending推薦，舉薦。根據(jù)句意：我很有信心向您推薦杰克遜先生擔任研究助理。選項D符合句意。

8.案例題

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefights.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I'vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids'collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe'veraisedthem.Butwecan'tacknowledgethatourobsession（癡迷）ismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe'vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn'tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon'tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteria（歇斯底里）isthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible——andmostlywrong.Wehaven'tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon'tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures——professors'feedbackandthenumberofessayexams——selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates'lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool'saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke（偶然）.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.

Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit'snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisnotlifeonlycompetition.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn't.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerateduptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.

B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.

C.Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.

D.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

A.theywanttoincreasetheirchildrenchancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.

B.theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.

C.Theirchildrenallhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.

D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentthantheyusedto.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“kidscountmorethantheircolleges”.(Line1,para.4)?

A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoapersonsuccess.

B.Apersonhappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.

C.Kidsactualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground.

D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.

4.WhatdoesKruegerstudytellus?

A.GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettingintocollege.

B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdoesnotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.

C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdoesnotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.

D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.

5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat(

).

A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutions

B.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarket

C.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduation

D.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication

【答案】1.D

2.A

3.C

4.B

5.C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“Weseeourkids'collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe'veraisedthem.Butwecan'tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.”我們把子女的教育背景當成是一種獎品，展示我們?nèi)绾纬晒Φ仞B(yǎng)育了他們。但卻不承認我們對此的癡迷與其說是為了他們，不如說是為了我們自己。選項D符合原文。

2.

根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon'tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.”我們對名聲有著極度的恐慌，我們擔心孩子無法接受較好的高等教育。由此可知，選項A符合原文。

3.count意為"重要，有價值"。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，進入知名大學并不是唯一的指標，知名大學的學歷也并不能幫助學生進入博士學習。這些說明了孩子本身的能力比他們學習的學校更重要。選項C正確。

4.

根據(jù)關鍵詞“Krueger”定位到第四段的最后兩句“...HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn't.”GRE的高分有助于決定誰能繼續(xù)博士學習，而知名大學的學歷不能做到這一點。選項B知名大學的學歷并不能保證能繼續(xù)學習與原文相符，正確。

5.

根據(jù)最后一段的后半部分“Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.”選項C符合原文。

9.單選題

Thereisno（）evidencethatthediplomaticrelationswillberestoredtonormalbetweenthesetwocountries.

問題1選項

A.tangible

B.touchable

C.noticeable

D.inevitable

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。tangible“切實的”；touchable“可觸摸的”；noticeable“顯著的”；inevitable“不可避免的”。句意：沒有確鑿的證據(jù)證明這兩個國家之間的關系將恢復正常。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

ScandinavianmenwerefamiliarizewithhuntingandreceptivetolearningthehuntingmethodsofthelocalnativeAmericans.

問題1選項

A.suspiciousof

B.readyfor

C.dependenton

D.newto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。題干receptive“愿意傾聽的，樂于接受的”。A項“懷疑”，B項“準備好”，C項“依賴，依靠”，D項“對……不熟悉”。因此只有B項符合。句意：斯堪的納維亞人熟悉狩獵，并樂于學習當?shù)孛乐拊∶竦尼鳙C方法。

11.單選題

Yourimproperwordswillgive（）todoubtsconcerningyourtrueintentions.

問題1選項

A.rise

B.reason

C.suspicion

D.impulse

【答案】A

【解析】giveriseto為固定搭配,

表示“使...發(fā)生,

引發(fā)”。句意：不恰當?shù)脑捳Z會使人對你的真實意圖產(chǎn)生懷疑。

12.單選題

Sheknowsalotofyoungmen,butitisn’teasytochoosea/an______onewhoisbothrichandattractive.

問題1選項

A.eligible

B.elegant

C.diligent

D.qualified

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項eligible“（指認為可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合適的；具備條件的”；B選項elegant“優(yōu)雅的；精美的”；C選項diligent“勤勉的”；D選項qualified“有文憑的；有限度的，有保留的”。句意：她認識很多年輕人，但要選擇一個既有錢又有魅力的______卻不容易。根據(jù)語境，這里指即使這么多優(yōu)秀的人，選一個合心意的也不容易。A選項eligible“（指認為可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合適的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

Heknewthathewaspoor,andwouldadmitit;hewouldhavediedsoonerthanconfessany（）totherich.

問題1選項

A.superiority

B.inferiority

C.priority

D.preference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。superiority“優(yōu)越”；inferiority“自卑”；priority“優(yōu)先權(quán)”；preference“偏愛、優(yōu)先權(quán)”。本句意為“他知道自己窮，也愿意承認；他寧愿死也不愿承認自己比富人低一等”，inferiority的意思讓本句邏輯成立。選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Iwassupposedtogotoaconcertwithyoursistertheothernight,butyoursisterdidn’tturnup.Ican’tbelieveIhavebeen（）.

問題1選項

A.givenup

B.stoodup

C.leftup

D.takenup

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項givenup“放棄”；B選項stoodup“站起來，堅持”；C選項leftup“離開，丟下”；D選項takenup“拿起，開始從事，占據(jù)（時間，地方）”。句意：那天晚上我本來要和你妹妹一起去聽音樂會的，但是你妹妹沒來。真不敢相信我被_____。這里因為另一個人的妹妹沒有來，所以說話的人應該是覺得自己“被丟下/拋棄了”，因此C選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Withonlyabout1000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’smovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk”.

Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryotransferworkandrelatedprocedures,sayshesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileproject,certainlynotaneasyone,andit’sverymuchlikewhatwe’reattemptinghereatTexasA&M—tosaveanimalsfromextinction.”

Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.

Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.

Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.

Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.

“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.

“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”

1.Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto（）.

2.Theword“groundbreaking”(Paragraph7)canbeinterpreted（）.

3.WhatcouldbethemajorproblemincloningpandasaccordingtoProfessorKraemer?

4.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問題1選項

A.implantembryointoahostanimal

B.salutetheChineseeffortsinsavingpandas

C.saveendangeredanimalsfromextinction

D.introducecellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit

問題2選項

A.essentiallynew

B.pioneering

C.evolutionary

D.epoch-making

問題3選項

A.Lackofavailablepandaeggs.

B.Lackofhostanimals.

C.Lackofqualifiedresearchers.

D.Lackoffunds.

問題4選項

A.China-theNativePlaceofPandasForever

B.China’sEffortstoClonePandas

C.China’sFirstClonedPanda

D.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞“aim”可以定位到文章第三段Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.（諾亞方舟的目標是收集瀕危動物的卵子、胚胎、精液和DNA，并將它們儲存在液氮中。如果某些物種滅絕，克雷默說，未來將會有足夠的基本構(gòu)件來重新引入這個物種。），說明諾亞方舟項目的目標是拯救瀕危動物。因此C選項“拯救瀕臨滅絕的動物”正確。由A選項關鍵詞“implantembryo”可以定位到文章第五段最后一句Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.（他們現(xiàn)在正試圖將胚胎植入宿主動物體內(nèi)。），這是中國科學家的做法，不是諾亞方舟項目的目標，所以A選項“將胚胎植入宿主動物體內(nèi)”錯誤。由B選項關鍵詞“salute”可以定位到文章第二段第一句hesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.（他對中國的努力表示敬意，并說“我祝愿他們?nèi)〉米詈玫某晒?。”），這是克雷默博士對中國拯救大熊貓努力的態(tài)度，而不是諾亞方舟項目的目標，所以B選項“向中國拯救大熊貓的努力致敬”錯誤。由D選項關鍵詞“introducecells”可以定位到文章第五段第一句ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.（中國科學家表示，他們將一只死去的雌性熊貓的細胞引入一只日本白兔的卵細胞中，培育出了一個胚胎。），這是中國科學家的做法，不是諾亞方舟項目的目標，所以D選項“將死亡雌性熊貓的細胞導入日本白兔的卵細胞”錯誤。

2.語義推測題。由題干關鍵詞“groundbreaking”可以定位到文章第七段第三句Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.（這需要很長時間，也很困難，但如果成功的話，這可能將會成為科學史上的開拓。），這是科學上的一次開創(chuàng)性舉措，因此B選項“首創(chuàng)的；先驅(qū)的”正確。A選項“本質(zhì)上新的”，C選項“進化的”，D選項“劃時代的”均沒有開創(chuàng)、先驅(qū)的意思，所以A，C，D錯誤。

3.客觀細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“majorproblem”可以定位到文章第七段第一句“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.（克雷默認為：“將一個物種的細胞核移植到另一個物種并不容易，而且缺乏可用的熊貓卵子可能是一個主要問題。”）說明克隆大熊貓的主要問題是缺乏熊貓的卵子。因此A選項“缺少可用的熊貓卵子”正確。B選項“缺乏宿主動物”，C選項“缺乏合格的研究人員”，D選項“缺乏資金”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要圍繞中國開展的克隆大熊貓的項目展開，首先說到中國克隆大熊貓的努力和諾亞方舟項目很相似，接著介紹了中國嘗試克隆大熊貓的具體舉措，最后說到這項研究是很值得、很有必要的。因此B選項“中國克隆大熊貓的努力”最適合作為文章的標題。A選項“中國——熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)”沒有說到中國正在努力克隆熊貓，所以A錯誤。C選項“中國第一只克隆熊貓”，中國現(xiàn)在還沒有成功克隆出熊貓，所以C錯誤。D選項“探索克隆熊貓的可能性”沒有提到中國做出的努力，所以D錯誤。

16.單選題

Ittakesayearfortheearthtomakeeach（）,orrevolution,aroundthesun.

問題1選項

A.tour

B.travel

C.visit

D.trip

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項tour“旅行，旅游”，B項travel“長途旅行”，C項visit“訪問，逗留”，D項trip“（尤指短程往返的）旅行，（賽跑等）賽程”。根據(jù)關鍵詞earth（地球）和aroundthesun（圍繞太陽）可推測，空格處表示“旅程”，而根據(jù)語境，四個選項中能夠與make搭配的只有trip。句意：地球每繞太陽一周需要一年的時間。因此，該題D項正確。

17.單選題

Ihatepeoplewho（）theendofafilmthatyouhaven'tseenbefore.

問題1選項

A.reveal

B.rewrite

C.revise

D.reverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。reveal“揭示，揭露，顯露”；rewrite“重寫，改寫”；revise“修訂，復習”；reverse“顛倒，撤銷，反轉(zhuǎn)”。句意：我討厭別人泄露我還沒看過的電影的結(jié)局。A項符合題意。

18.寫作題

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion3.

【答案】Theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthattheoptimalleveloftrustiszeroineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers.Actually,thisisnottrue.AbouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.Sothereishigherleveloftrustbetweenthem.Similarily,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry’seconomichealth.Trustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations,sopolicy-makersinthesecountrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%mightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels.

19.單選題

Becauseofa（）intheskirt,thegirlwasabletobuyitathalfprice.

問題1選項

A.weakness

B.fault

C.flaw

D.strip

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項weakness表示“（系統(tǒng)、性格等的）缺點，劣勢；弱點；虛弱”，B選項fault表示“錯誤；故障；缺點”，C選項flaw表示“缺陷，瑕疵；