考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe____concernofstategovernment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的”；B選項(xiàng)excluding“不包括”；C選項(xiàng)excessive“過(guò)多的，極度的”；D選項(xiàng)exclusive“獨(dú)有的；排外的”。句意：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，完全在州界內(nèi)的事務(wù)是州政府的____關(guān)注。本句要表達(dá)的是，州界內(nèi)的事務(wù)是州政府應(yīng)該關(guān)注的事，D選項(xiàng)exclusive“獨(dú)有的；排外的”最符合句意。B選項(xiàng)excluding是介詞，原文缺少一個(gè)形容詞，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“Allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

1.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto（）.

2.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis（）.

3.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould（）.

5.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cruelbutnatural

B.inhumanandunacceptable

C.inevitablebutvicious

D.pointlessandwasteful

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.discontentwithanimalresearch

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience

C.indifferencetoepidemics

D.anxietyaboutanimalrights

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.communicatemorewiththepublic

B.employhi-techmeansinresearch

C.feelnoshamefortheircause

D.strivetodevelopnewcures

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.awell-knownhumanist

B.amedicalpractitioner

C.anenthusiastinanimalrights

D.asupporterofanimalresearch

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:本題考查了考生對(duì)作者意圖的把握。定位到第一段，EdmundBurke這句話的意思是“好人的不作為就是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)想要盛行所需要的所有條件”，可以看出這是在諷刺好人不去做出應(yīng)有的行為，再緊接著后文也提到“現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)組織他們呼吁不要用動(dòng)物來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn)，動(dòng)物也有自己的權(quán)利，而科學(xué)家必須采取行動(dòng)來(lái)回復(fù)這些人”，可以得出，作者的目的是呼吁科學(xué)家們行動(dòng)起來(lái)，因此答案為A。

第2題:本題是細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干中說(shuō)“tendtothink”提示我們答案可能在文中沒有直接體現(xiàn)，需要我們結(jié)合原文進(jìn)行推理，推理出這些被誤導(dǎo)的人們對(duì)于動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)是何種態(tài)度，題干關(guān)鍵詞就是“misledpeople”，可以幫我們定位到第一段，最后一句說(shuō)“當(dāng)人們聽到醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)殘忍對(duì)待動(dòng)物的指控時(shí)，許多人都不明白為什么有人會(huì)故意傷害動(dòng)物”。第二段是一個(gè)具體的被誤導(dǎo)的祖母般的女士的例子，但是文中只是說(shuō)她反對(duì)用動(dòng)物來(lái)做研究。第三段最后一句非常關(guān)鍵：“對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)，動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)得好是浪費(fèi)，說(shuō)得不好是殘忍”。從以上的分析可以看出，受到誤導(dǎo)的人們認(rèn)為用動(dòng)物做研究是殘酷的、不可思議的。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，B最符合原文。A中雖然提到了“cruel”，但是“natural”不對(duì)，因?yàn)楸徽`導(dǎo)的人們不可能認(rèn)為那是普通的事情。C說(shuō)的是“不可避免的，但是邪惡的”，也不正確，因?yàn)槲恼轮袥]有提到不可避免這個(gè)說(shuō)法。D項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是“毫無(wú)意義，浪費(fèi)的”，文中沒有提到毫無(wú)意義這個(gè)意思。

第3題:這也是一道作者意圖題，例子說(shuō)的是一位老太太向大家發(fā)傳單，呼吁大家不要用任何來(lái)自于動(dòng)物或在動(dòng)物身上試驗(yàn)過(guò)的東西。當(dāng)她被問(wèn)及是否反對(duì)使用疫苗時(shí)，老太太說(shuō)，若疫苗也來(lái)源于動(dòng)物，那么就不應(yīng)使用疫苗，流行病自有科學(xué)家們用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)解決?？梢娎咸珜?duì)科學(xué)的無(wú)知。而她的這種無(wú)知是很普遍的。作者在第二段最后一句話感嘆“這些好心人壓根兒就不明白”，所以答案為B。A說(shuō)的是公眾對(duì)動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)的不滿。但是，老太太的例子不僅是為了說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)，這個(gè)例子反映的不僅是他們的不滿，更多的要透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，全文來(lái)看，作者的目的是為了指出公眾不滿的根源——對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)研究不了解，然后號(hào)召科學(xué)家們針對(duì)這個(gè)根源采取行動(dòng)。因此老太太的例子是為了反映公眾的無(wú)知。

第4題:這里考查的是作者的態(tài)度題，解答這類問(wèn)題時(shí)，考生需要代入作者的思維，從全文把握作者的感情色彩，作者對(duì)這個(gè)事件的看法，然后根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞去定位具體細(xì)節(jié)處。本題關(guān)鍵詞“challengefromanimalrightsadvocates”以及“sientitsshould”，解題線索可在最后兩段中找出。作者向科學(xué)家們提出的建議都是有助于他們與公眾更好的交流。答案很明顯是A。選項(xiàng)B、C以及D貌似合理，其實(shí)文中都沒有提到。

第5題:這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干問(wèn)我們StephenCooper是一個(gè)什么身份的人，我們根據(jù)人名定位到最后一段，我們可以找到線索“Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,…courageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.”，這句話告訴我們Cooper是個(gè)名人，同時(shí)也曾經(jīng)生病過(guò)，他是高度贊揚(yáng)過(guò)動(dòng)物研究的，因此，我們可以得出他是動(dòng)物研究的支持者。答案為D。

3.單選題

GeorgeGallup,Jr.,themanwhomakesand（

）hisreputation（

）knowingwhatAmericansthink,hasbroughtallhispollingstrategiestogethertoidentifyandanalyzewhathecallsfutureforces.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.challenges...on

B.stakes...on

C.hazards...to

D.bets...to

【答案】B

【解析】challenge…on在……方面挑戰(zhàn)；stake…on把賭注押在……上面；hazard...to對(duì)……有危險(xiǎn)；bet不與to搭配。句意：GeorgeGallup，Jr.這個(gè)把自己的名譽(yù)押在知曉美國(guó)人想法上的人，將所有的投票策略集中到一起，以確定和分析他所說(shuō)的未來(lái)力量。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Manypeoplethinkthatthestandardsofpublic（）havedeclined.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.morality

B.rightness

C.awareness

D.mentality

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)morality“道德，品行”，B項(xiàng)rightness“公正，正直”，C項(xiàng)awareness“意識(shí)，認(rèn)識(shí)”，D項(xiàng)mentality“心態(tài)”。句意：許多人認(rèn)為公共道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下降了。根據(jù)句意，該題選A正確。

5.單選題

[A]Lessnotedbut[B]equallysignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960[C]alsoreducedthedivorcerateafterapostwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthan[D]didthoseofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Lessnoted

B.equallysignificant

C.also

D.did

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。B選項(xiàng)處equally表示前后的一致性，即前后短語(yǔ)或句子的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致，前面是比較級(jí)lessnoted，其后面也應(yīng)是比較級(jí)，在equally和significant中間加上more更合適。

6.單選題

Tobeginto（）thepollutioncausingclimatechange,citiesaroundtheworldneedtobemademoreefficient,adoptingmeasuresrangingfromreducingtheenergycostsofsanitationtoconstructingbuildingsthatwastelessenergy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mitigate

B.migrate

C.magnify

D.militate

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Mitigate“使緩和，減輕”；migrate“移居，移植”；magnify“放大，夸大”；militate“有影響，產(chǎn)生作用”。句意：要開始緩和氣候變化帶來(lái)的污染，全世界的城市都要提高效率，采取一系列措施，從降低衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的能源成本到建設(shè)能源節(jié)約型建筑。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Historybeforetheemergenceofwritingaround3,000B.C.receivesbrieftreatment,（）itconstitutes99.9%ofthefive-million-yearhistoryofthehumanspecies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.although

C.that

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題?？崭袂熬涮岬綍鴮懹诠?000年左右的歷史知識(shí)得到了簡(jiǎn)短的稱述，空格后句提到這個(gè)時(shí)間的歷史構(gòu)成了人類500萬(wàn)年歷史的99.9%，所以前后兩句是讓步關(guān)系，選用讓步連詞although，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Ifyoukeeponoverworkingyourself,yourhealthwill（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.degenerate

B.deteriorate

C.degrade

D.deform

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。degenerate“使退化，惡化，墮落”；deteriorate“惡化”；degrade“貶低，使丟臉”；deform“使變形，使成畸形”。句意：如果你繼續(xù)過(guò)度工作，你的健康狀況會(huì)變壞。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

（

）thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshops

B.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsdo

C.Sofrequentlydidtheguidetakethemtoluxuriousshops

D.Sotheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsfrequently

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝用法。在“so/such…that...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，so和such連同它所修飾成分置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。主句需要倒裝；根據(jù)句子后面的結(jié)構(gòu)“thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.”可知前面是so引導(dǎo)的主句，需要采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，句意為：導(dǎo)游帶游客去奢侈品商店太頻繁，以至于許多游客向旅行社投訴。故正確答案選C。

10.單選題

Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgent

B.hasty

C.instant

D.prompt

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)urgentadj.緊急的，急迫的；B選項(xiàng)hastyadj.輕率的，草率的，匆忙的；C選項(xiàng)instantadj.立即的，緊迫的；D選項(xiàng)promptadj.敏捷的，迅速的。句意：我們必須謹(jǐn)記倉(cāng)促的決定常常會(huì)導(dǎo)致痛苦的悔恨。因此本題選擇B項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Themost（

）featureofthebuildingisitsenormousdome-shapedroof.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinctive

B.instinctive

C.definite

D.infinite

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。distinctive“與眾不同的”；instinctive“本能的”；definite“明確的”；infinite“無(wú)限的”。句意：這棟建筑的最與眾不同的特點(diǎn)就是它那巨大的圓形屋頂。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

ThetrainwaswhirlingonwardwithsuchdignityofmotionthataglancefromthewindowseemedsimplytoprovethatplainsofTexaswerepouringeastward.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,littlegroupsofframehouses,woodsoflightandtendertrees,allweresweepingintotheeast,sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice.

AnewlymarriedpairhadboardedthiscoachatSanAntonio.Theman’sfacewasreddenedfrommanydaysinthewindandsun,andadirectresultofhisnewblackclotheswasthathisbrick-coloredhandswereconstantlyperforminginamostconsciousfashion.Fromtimetotimehelookeddownrespectfullyathisattire.Hesatwithahandoneachknee,likeamanwaitinginabarber’sshop.Theglanceshedevotedtootherpassengerswerefurtiveandshy.

Thebridewasnotpretty,norwassheveryyoung.Sheworeadressofbluecashmere,withsmallreservationsofvelvethereandthere,andwithsteelbuttonsabounding.Shecontinuallytwistedherheadtoregardherpuffsleeves,verystiff,andhigh.Theyembarrassedher.Itwasquiteapparentthatshehadcooked,andthatsheexpectedtocook,dutifully.Theblushescausedbythecarelessscrutinyofsomepassengersasshehadenteredthecarwerestrangetoseeuponthisplain,under-classcountenance,whichwasdrawninplacid,almostemotionlesslines.

Theywereevidentlyveryhappy.“Everbeeninaparlor-carbefore?”heasked,smilingwithdelight.

“No.”sheanswered;“Ineverwas.It’sfine,isn’tit?”

“Great!Andthenafterawhilewe’llgoforwardtothedinnerandgetabiglay-out.Freshmealintheworld.Chargeadollar.”

“Oh,dothey?”criedthebride.“Chargeadollar?Why,that’stoomuch—forus—aren’tit,Jack?”

“Northistrip,anyhow,”heansweredbravely.“We’regoingtogothewholething.”

Laterheexplainedtoheraboutthetrains.“Yousee,it’sathousandmilesfromoneendofTexastotheother;andthisrunsrightacrossit,andneverstopsbutfourtimes.”Hehadtheprideofanowner.Hepointedouttoherthedazzlingfittingsofthecoach;andintruthhereyesopenedwiderandshecontemplatedthesea-greenfiguredvelvet,theshiningbrass,silver,andglass,thewoodthatgleamedasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.Atoneendabronzefiguresturdilyheldasupportforaseparatedchamber,andatconvenientplacesontheceilingwerefrescosinoliveandsilver.

Tothemindsofthepair,theirsurroundingsreflectedthegloryoftheirmarriagethatmorninginSanAntonio;thiswastheenvironmentoftheirnewestate;andtheman’sfaceinparticularbeamedwithanelationthatmadehimappearridiculoustotheNegroporter.Thisindividualattimessurveyedthemfromafarwithanamusedandsuperiorgrin.Onotheroccasionshebulliedthemwithskillinwaysthatdidnotmakeitexactlyplaintothemthattheywerebeingbullied.Hesubtlyusedallthemannersofthemostunconquerablekindofsnobbery.Heoppressedthem.Butofthisoppressiontheyhadsmallknowledge,andtheyspeedilyforgotthatinfrequentlyanumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenjoyment.Historicallytherewassupposedtobesomethinginfinitelyhumorousintheirsituation.

“WearedueinYellowSkyat3:42.”hesaid,lookingtenderlyintohereyes.

“Oh,arewe?”shesaid,asifshehadnotbeenawareofit:Toevince（表現(xiàn)出）surpriseatherhusband’sstatementwaspartofherwifelyamiability.Shetookfromapocketalittlesilverwatch;andasshehelditbeforeher,andstaredatitwithafrownofattention,thenewhusband’sfaceshone.

“IboughtitinSanAntonfromafriendofmine,”hetoldhergleefully.

“It'sseventeenminutespasttwelve,”shesaid,lookingupathimwithakindofshyandclumsycoquetry（調(diào)情；賣俏）.Apassenger,notingthisplay,grewexcessivelysardonic,andwinkedathimselfinoneofthenumerousmirrors.

Atlasttheywenttothedining-car.TworowsofNegrowaiters,inglowingwhitesuits,surveyedtheirentrancewiththeinterest,andalsotheequanimity,ofmenwhohadbeenforewarned.Thepairfelltothelotofawaiterwhohappenedtofeelpleasureinsteeringthemthroughtheirmeal.Heviewedthemwiththemannerofafatherlypilot,hiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence.Thepatronage,entwinedwiththeordinarydeference,wasnotplaintothem.Andyet,astheyreturnedtotheircoach,theyshowedintheirfacesasenseofescape.

1.Thedescriptionofthecouple’sclothesandbehavioratthebeginningofthepassageseemstoindicatethattheyhadasenseof（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdepictstheinteriorofthecoach?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeofotherpeopleonthetraintowardsthecouple?

4.Whichofthefollowingcontainsametaphor?

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatinthedining-car（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.secrecy

B.elation

C.superiority

D.awkwardness

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Modern.

B.Luxurious.

C.Practical.

D.Complex.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyregardedthecoupleasanobjectoffun.

B.Theyexpressedindifferencetowardsthecouple.

C.Theywereverycuriousaboutthecouple.

D.Theyshowedfriendlinesstowardsthecouple.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A....likeamanwaitinginabarber’sshop

B....hiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence

C....sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice

D....asdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thewaitersweresnobbish

B.thecouplefeltillatease

C.theservicewassatisfactory

D.thecoupleenjoyedtheirdinner

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文前半部分分別對(duì)這對(duì)黑人夫婦的描述“他坐在那里像一個(gè)在理發(fā)店等待的人。他向其他乘客投去的目光是偷偷摸摸的、害羞的。.......他們使她很尷尬。......當(dāng)她上車時(shí)，有些乘客漫不經(jīng)心地打量著她，這讓她羞紅了臉。這副相貌平平的下層階級(jí)的臉蛋，原本線條簡(jiǎn)單，幾乎沒有什么表情，使得臉上的紅暈很奇怪。”通過(guò)這些信息我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這對(duì)夫婦很不自然，所以作者描寫他們的著裝和行為是為了體現(xiàn)出他們的尷尬，笨拙。所以選項(xiàng)D“awkwardness”正確。secrecy“秘密”；elation“興高采烈，得意洋洋”；superiority“優(yōu)越”，其他選項(xiàng)均不正確。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。原文第九自然段提到了火車內(nèi)部的裝飾，“thedazzlingfittings令人眼花繚亂的設(shè)施”，“thesea-greenfiguredvelvet,theshiningbrass,silver,andglass,thewoodthatgleamedasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.海綠色的天鵝絨、閃閃發(fā)光的黃銅、銀和玻璃，以及像油池表面一樣閃閃發(fā)光的木頭”，這些信息都表明，火車內(nèi)部的裝飾非常奢華。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第十自然段“...anumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenjoyment.許多旅客用嘲弄的眼光望著他們。”由此可知，火車上其他人對(duì)這對(duì)夫婦的態(tài)度是把他們當(dāng)做一個(gè)笑柄，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。metaphor指的是隱喻，暗喻。首先需要明確暗喻和明喻的區(qū)別，它們都有本體和喻體，但比喻詞有差別。明喻一般用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等比喻詞；暗喻一般不用這些比喻詞，直接將某一事物的名稱用于另一事物，通過(guò)比較形成。選項(xiàng)A和D可首先排除，因?yàn)樗鼈儗儆诿饔鳌＿x項(xiàng)B不是比喻句，所以只有選項(xiàng)C正確，將地平線比作懸崖。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一個(gè)自然段，這對(duì)夫婦在餐車區(qū)遇到了一位服務(wù)員，服務(wù)員因?yàn)榉浅８吲d所以對(duì)他們很友好，但除了這位服務(wù)員之外，還有其他的服務(wù)員，在第二句的時(shí)候就提及“兩排穿著閃閃發(fā)光的白色西裝的黑人侍者，帶著事先得到警告的人的興趣和鎮(zhèn)定，盯著入口的地方?！币约白詈笠痪洹爱?dāng)他們回到自己車廂時(shí)，臉上流露出一種逃離的慶幸。”由此可知，這對(duì)夫婦感到非常的不自在，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

13.單選題

Thepeoplewereannoyedbythe（）supplyofelectricityandwaterinsummer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insufficient

B.integral

C.inferior

D.indispensable

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。insufficient不足的；integral完整的；inferior等級(jí)低的；indispensable不重要的。句意：人們對(duì)夏天水電供應(yīng)不足感到煩惱。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.單選題

Helenwroteabookabouthowherfather（）cancerbeforehesuccumbedtoit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contendedfor

B.compliedwith

C.recoveredfrom

D.foughtagainst

【答案】D

【解析】句意:海倫寫了一本有關(guān)她的父親在死于癌癥之前如何與其作斗爭(zhēng)的書。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)短語(yǔ)的過(guò)去式。contendfor爭(zhēng)奪；complywith照做，遵守；recoverfrom復(fù)原，從…重新獲得；fightagainst對(duì)抗，反對(duì)，與……作斗爭(zhēng)。因此D符合句意。

15.單選題

Thefirstdrought-tolerantgenetically（）maizeisexpectedtobegrownontheAfricancontinentin2017,accordingtoarecentreport.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.measured

B.determined

C.transferred

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。measured量過(guò)的，慎重的；determined堅(jiān)決的；transferred轉(zhuǎn)移的，轉(zhuǎn)讓的；modified改良的，改進(jìn)的。耐旱的玉米品種應(yīng)該是經(jīng)過(guò)了基因改良，故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：根據(jù)最近一項(xiàng)報(bào)告，第一批耐旱的基因改良了的玉米將在2017年被種植到非常大陸上。

16.單選題

Asquicklyaspossible，thedoctorappliesicepackstoyourinjury.Ice（

）swellingandinflammation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fastens

B.deters

C.encourages

D.fixes

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。fasten“使固定”；deter“阻止”；encourage“鼓勵(lì)”；fix“修理”。句意：冰能夠阻止腫脹和發(fā)炎。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.單選題

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,（）theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.byvirtueof

B.inadditionto

C.forthesakeof

D.asopposedto

【答案】A

【解析】byvirtueof借助，由于；inadditionto除......之外；forthesakeof為了......；asopposedto與...相反。句意：塑料袋由于其干凈、結(jié)實(shí)和低成本的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可用于裝各種各樣的食物。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

18.單選題

Shesaidthatshewouldbehereateighto’clock.Butshedidn’t（

）untiltenthirty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnon

B.turndown

C.turnup

D.turnout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。turnon“打開”；turndown“關(guān)掉，調(diào)低”；turnup“出現(xiàn)”；turnout“結(jié)果是”。句意：她說(shuō)她八點(diǎn)會(huì)到這的，但是直到十點(diǎn)還沒出現(xiàn)。C項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

Trysomeofthiscake,whichI（）especiallyforyou.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boiled

B.baked

C.burned

D.roasted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。boil“煮沸”；bake“烤，烘焙”；burn“燃燒，燒毀”；roast“烤”。句意：吃一點(diǎn)這種蛋糕吧，這是我特意為你烘焙的?？镜案庥胋ake,故B項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社會(huì)等級(jí))society.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoperatesineverysociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Philosophers.

B.Artists.

C.Thesocialelite.

D.Writers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.

B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

B.isaformofexpressivebehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.（它的運(yùn)作需要一個(gè)階級(jí)社會(huì)，因?yàn)閺谋举|(zhì)上講，它既不發(fā)生在原始群體那樣的同質(zhì)社會(huì)，也不發(fā)生在種姓社會(huì)。），可知A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚起源于階級(jí)社會(huì)”正確，B選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚只存在于群體生活的幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域”和C選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚存在于每個(gè)社會(huì)”錯(cuò)誤，時(shí)尚也不會(huì)存在于原始社會(huì)，D選項(xiàng)“在原始社會(huì)，人們喜歡趕時(shí)髦”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.（因此，他們生活和行為的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他們的階級(jí)所模仿，反過(guò)來(lái)，這些階級(jí)又被社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中直接低于他們的群體所模仿。），這里指的是社會(huì)精英，可知社會(huì)精英引領(lǐng)時(shí)尚，C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)精英”正確。A選項(xiàng)“哲學(xué)家”，B選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家”和D選項(xiàng)“作家”正確。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.（正是這一特點(diǎn)使時(shí)尚成為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，也正是這一特點(diǎn)使得一位作家評(píng)論道，一種時(shí)尚一旦推出，就注定要滅亡。），可知時(shí)尚會(huì)消亡，也就不是真實(shí)的，D選項(xiàng)“一種時(shí)尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正確，A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚是一種真實(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)”和C選項(xiàng)“一種時(shí)尚一旦推出就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“上層階級(jí)在使時(shí)尚成為運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)揮了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)作用”：上層階級(jí)是推動(dòng)時(shí)尚的主要人群，不符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，時(shí)尚與我們考慮過(guò)的其他運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎沒有相似之處。），所以A選項(xiàng)“與其他運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有什么共同之處”正確。C選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement（沒有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為運(yùn)動(dòng)提供有意識(shí)的方向），可知不符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“最終會(huì)發(fā)展成一個(gè)社會(huì)組織”和D選項(xiàng)“有一系列符號(hào)和價(jià)值”文章沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.（人們自愿參加時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)，是對(duì)時(shí)尚強(qiáng)加給他們有趣而有力控制的一種響應(yīng)。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)是一種對(duì)時(shí)尚的回應(yīng)，他們通過(guò)時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)這種行為表達(dá)了對(duì)時(shí)尚的態(tài)度，B選項(xiàng)“是一種表達(dá)行為”正確。A選項(xiàng)“其功能與特定的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)相同”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，時(shí)尚與我們考慮過(guò)的其他運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎沒有相似之處。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)和其他社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有相同之處。C選項(xiàng)“可以提高參與者的士氣”：根據(jù)第三段第五句Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.（他們沒有樹立起士氣。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)不能提高士氣。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人群行為的方式有很大的貢獻(xiàn)”文章沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Withoutoutside（）China'sadvertisingcannotreallymatureandobtainafootholdintheglobaladsmarket.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prestige

B.consumption

C.pressure

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prestige"威望,聲望";consumption"消費(fèi),耗費(fèi);pressure"壓力,壓迫";controversy"爭(zhēng)論;爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)"。句意:沒有外界的爭(zhēng)議,中國(guó)的廣告就不可能真正成熟,并且在全球廣告市場(chǎng)上立足。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

22.單選題

Researchuniversitieshavehelpeddriveinnovationfordecades,（

）developmentofeverythingfromjetenginestotheInternet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spurting

B.crediting

C.insinuating

D.preserving

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。spurt“噴射；噴出”；credit“相信，歸因于，記在……的賬上，給……記學(xué)分（或?qū)W時(shí)）”；insinuate“暗示，使?jié)撊?，使逐漸產(chǎn)生”；preserve“保護(hù)；保持；腌制”。由句中“developmentofeverythingfromjetenginestotheInternet從噴氣式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一切的開發(fā)”確定C選項(xiàng)“使逐漸產(chǎn)生”符合句意‘研究型大學(xué)在數(shù)十年里已幫助推進(jìn)了革新，從而逐漸產(chǎn)生了從噴氣式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一切的開發(fā)。’。

23.單選題

Wehaveoverwhelmedthenaturalsystemsandcreatedthedangerous____thatwenolongerdependonahealthyenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.illumination

B.imbalance

C.illusion

D.indignation

【答案】C

【解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)illumination“照明；闡明”；B選項(xiàng)imbalance“不平衡；不安定”；C選項(xiàng)illusion“錯(cuò)誤的觀念或信仰”；D選項(xiàng)indignation“憤慨；憤怒”。句意：我們使自然系統(tǒng)不堪重負(fù)，創(chuàng)造了危險(xiǎn)的____，即我們不再依賴健康的環(huán)境?！拔覀儾辉僖蕾嚱】档沫h(huán)境”是一種錯(cuò)誤的觀念，C選項(xiàng)illusion“錯(cuò)誤的觀念或信仰”最符合語(yǔ)境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

24.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Picture-takingisatechniquebothforannexingtheobjectiveworldandforexpressingthesingularself.Photographsdepictobjectiverealitiesthatalreadyexist,thoughonlythecameracandisclosethem.Andtheydepictanindividualphotographer’stemperamentdiscoveringitselfthroughthecamera’scroppingofreality.Thatis,photographyhastwoantitheticalideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthephotographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyistheinstrumentofintrepid,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.

Theseconflictingidealsarisefromafundamentaluneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersandviewersofphotographstowardtheaggressivecomponentitin“taking”apicture.Accordingly,theidealofaphotographerasobserverisattractivebecauseitimplicitlydeniesthatpicture-takingisanaggressiveact.Theissue,ofcourse,isnotsoclear-cut.Whatphotographersdocannotbecharacterizedassimplypredatoryorassimply,andessentially,benevolent.Asaconsequence,oneidealofpicture-takingortheotherisalwaysbeingrediscoveredandchampioned.

Animportantresultofthecoexistenceofthesetwoidealsisarecurrentambivalencetowardphotography’smeans.Whatevertheclaimsthatphotographymightmaketobeaformofpersonalexpressiononaparwithpainting,itsoriginalityisinextricablylinkedtothepowersofamachine.Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton’shigh-speedphotographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke.Butascamerasbecomemoresophisticated,moreautomated,somephotographersaretemptedtodisarmthemselvesortosuggestthattheyarenotreallyarmed,preferringtosubmitthemselvestothelimitsimposedbyper-moderncameratechnologybecauseacruder,lesshighpoweredmachineisthoughttogivemoreinterestingoremotiveresults,toleavemoreroomforcreativeaccident.Forexample,ithasbeenvirtuallyapointofhonorformanyphotographers,includingWalkerEvansandCartier-Bresson,torefusetousemodernequipment.Thesephotographershavecometodoubtthevalueofthecameraaninstrumentof“fastseeing.”Cartier-Bresson,infact,claimsthatthemoderncameramayseetoofast.

Thisambivalencetowardphotographicmeansdeterminestrendsintaste.Thecultofthefuture(offasterandfasterseeing)alternates