考研考博-英語-山西管理職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西管理職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

______wehaveallthematerialsready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.

問題1選項

A.Grantedthat

B.Ifonly

C.Bynow

D.Nowthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項grantedthat“即使，假定”，表示條件；B項ifonly“要是……多好”，表示虛擬語氣；C項bynow“到目前為止”，作時間狀語；D項nowthat“既然，由于”表原因。句子表示原因；因此D項符合。句意：既然我們已經(jīng)準備好了所有的材料，我們應該立即開始這項新任務。故正確答案為D。

2.單選題

Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot______closeexamination.

問題1選項

A.faceupto

B.makeupto

C.standupto

D.lookupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項faceupto“勇敢地面對”，B項makeupto“接近，奉承”，C項standupto“經(jīng)得起，抵抗”，D項lookupto“尊敬，崇拜”。根據(jù)關鍵詞falsebanknotes“假鈔”和closeexamination“仔細檢查”可知，C項符合語境。句意：雖然這些假鈔騙過了很多人，但它們并沒有經(jīng)得起仔細的檢驗。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

3.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Thewoman’searningsovertheyears.

B.Thekeytorunningashopatalowcost.

C.Thebusinesssuccessofthewoman’sshop.

D.Thewoman’srelationshipwithothershops.

問題2選項

A.Keepdownitsexpenses.

B.Improveitscustomerservice.

C.Expanditsbusinessscale.

D.Upgradethegoodsitsells.

問題3選項

A.Theyareingreatdemand.

B.Theyaredeliveredfreeofcharge.

C.Theyareverypopularwiththelocalresidents.

D.Theyaresoldatlowerpricesthaninothershops.

問題4選項

A.Tomaintainfriendlyrelationshipswithothershops.

B.Toavoidbeingputoutofbusinessincompetition.

C.Toattractmorecustomersintheneighborhood.

D.Tofollowthecustomofthelocalshopkeepers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationTwo

M:[5]Yousayyourshophasbeendoingwell.Couldyougivemesomeideaofwhatdoingwellmeansinfactsandfigures?

W:Well,doingwellmeansaveraging1,200poundsormoreaweekforabout7years,makingalmostaquarterofamillionpounds.Anddoingwellmeansyourearningsarerising.Lastyearwedidslightlyover50,000andthisyearwehopetodomorethan60,000.Sothat’sgoodifwecontinuetorise.

M:Nowthat’sgrowthonearningsIassume.Whataboutyourexpenses?

W:Yes,that’sgrowth.Theexpensesofcoursegoupsteadily.Andsincewe’vemovedtothisnewshop,theexpenseshaveincreasedgreatlybecauseit’samuchbiggershop.SoIcouldn’tsayexactlywhatourexpensesare.There’ssomethingintheregionof6or7thousandpoundsayear,whichisnothigh—commerciallyspeaking,it’sverylow.[6]Andwetrytokeepourexpensesaslowaswecan.

M:[7]Andyourpricesaremuchlowerthanthesamegoodsinshopsroundabout.Howdothelocalshopkeepersfeelabouthavingashopdoingsowellintheirmidst?

W:Perhapsalotofthemdon’trealizehowwellwe’redoingbecausewedon’tmakeapointofpublicizing.Thatwasalessonwe’velearnedveryearlyon.Wewereveryfriendlywithalllocalshop-keepersandwehavebeentomentiontoalocalshopkeeperhowmuchwehavemadethatweek.Hewasveryunhappyandneverasfriendlyagain.Sowemakeapointofneverpublicizingtheamountofthemoneywemake.Butwe’reonverygoodtermswithalltheshops;noneofthemhaveevercomplainedthatwe’reputtingthemoutofbusinessoranythinglikethat.Ithinkit’sanicefunnyrelationship.[8]Maybeiftheydidknowwhatwemade,perhapstheywouldn’tbesofriendly.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說話者主要談論的是什么？在錄音開頭，男士就問女士能否用事實和數(shù)據(jù)來說明她的店鋪經(jīng)營良好。接下來女士從盈利、開支、與其他店主之間的關系三方面進行闡述。C選項“女士店鋪的成功經(jīng)營”最能概括對話的主要內(nèi)容，因此正確。A選項“這些年女士的收入”和D選項“女士與其他店鋪的關系”雖然在錄音中有提及，但只是女士在講述其店鋪經(jīng)營時的一些具體方面，并不是對話的主題，因此可排除；B選項“低成本經(jīng)營店鋪的關鍵因素”在錄音中并沒有信息提及。

6.Whatdoesthewomansayhershoptriestodo?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問女士說她的店鋪試圖做什么？男士問到女士店鋪的開支時，女士提到其店鋪在該地區(qū)一年要支出6000至7000英鎊，但其實并不算多，接著還說他們會盡可能降低開支（wetrytokeepourexpensesaslowaswecan）。A選項“降低其開支”是對錄音原文的同義替換，因此正確。B選項“改善顧客服務質量”；C選項“擴大業(yè)務規(guī)?！焙虳選項“升級銷售的產(chǎn)品”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

7.Whatdowelearnaboutgoodssoldatthewoman’sshop?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關于女士店鋪出售的商品，我們了解到什么？根據(jù)錄音中，男士向女士問的最后一個問題：同樣的商品，女士店鋪里銷售的要比附近其他商店價格要低很多，附近的商店對女士店鋪經(jīng)營得如此好是怎么看的。由此可知，D選項“它們的售價比其他店鋪低”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“它們的需求量很大”；B選項“它們免費送貨”和C選項“它們很受當?shù)鼐用竦臍g迎”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

8.Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttomakeknowntheirearningsanymore?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為什么這位女士不想讓別人知道他們的收入了？錄音中提及女士的店鋪曾向當?shù)氐牡曛魈峒百嵙硕嗌馘X，使得與其他店主關系變差了，因此他們不再公布自己的收入了。由此可推測，女士不宣揚其店鋪收入是想與其他店主保持良好的關系。因此A選項“與其他商店保持友好關系”正確。B選項“避免在商業(yè)競爭中被淘汰”；C選項“為了吸引更多附近的客戶”和D選項“跟隨當?shù)氐曛鞯牧晳T做法”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

4.單選題

Hewasraginginside,butheheldhimselfin.

問題1選項

A.stayedindoors

B.triedhardtoforgetit

C.controlledhimself

D.calmeddown

【答案】C

【解析】holdoneselfin意為約束，抑制。stayedindoors

待在室內(nèi)；triedhardtoforgetit努力忘記；controlledhimself控制自己；calmeddown平靜下來，鎮(zhèn)定下來。選項C與之意思相近。

5.單選題

Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementofDavidW?Griffith.BeforeGriffith,photographyindramaticfilmsconsistedoflittlemorethanplacingtheactorsbeforeastationarycameraandshowingtheminfulllengthastheywouldhaveappearedonstage.Fromthebeginningofhiscareerasadirector,however,Griffith,becauseofhisloveofVictorianpainting,employedcomposition.Heconceivedofthecameraimageashavingaforegroundandarearground,aswellasthemiddledistancepreferredbymostdirectors.By1910hewasusingclose-upstorevealsignificantdetailsofthesceneoroftheactingandextremelongshotstoachieveasenseofspectacleanddistance.Hisappreciationofthecamera’spossibilitiesproducednoveldramaticeffects.Bysplittinganeventintofragmentsandrecordingeachfromthemostsuitablecameraposition,hecouldsignificantlyvarytheemphasisfromcamerashottocamerashot.

Griffithalsoachieveddramaticeffectsbymeansofcreativeediting.Byputtingimagestogetherandvaryingthespeedandrhythmoftheirpresentation,hecouldcontrolthedramaticintensityoftheeventsasthestoryprogressed.Despitethereluctanceofhisproducers,whofearedthatthepublicwouldnotbeabletofollowaplotthatwasmadeupofsuchjuxtaposedimages,Griffithpersisted,andexperimentedaswellwithotherelementsofcinematicsyntaxthathavebecomestandardeversince.Theseincludedtheflashback,permittingbroadpsychologicalandemotionalexplorationaswellasnarrativethatwasnotchronological,andthecrosscutbetweentwoparallelactionstoheightensuspenseandexcitement.Inthusexploitingfullythepossibilitiesofediting,Griffithtransposeddevicesofthevictoriannoveltofilmandgavefilmmasteryo￡timeaswellasspace.

Besidesdevelopingthecinema’slanguage,Griffithimmenselybroadeneditsrangeandtreatmentofsubjects.Hisearlyoutputwasremarkablyeclectic:itincludednotonlythestandardcomedies,melodramas,westerns,andthrillers,butalsosuchnoveltiesasadaptationsfromBrowningandTennyson,andtreatmentsofsocialissues.Ashissuccessesmounted,hisambitionsgrew,andwiththemthewholeofAmericancinema.WhenheremadeEnochArdenin1911,heinsistedthatasubjectofsuchimportancecouldnotbetreatedinthethenconventionallengthofonereel.Griffith’sintroductiono￡theAmerican-mademultireelpicturebegananimmenserevolution.Twoyearslater,JudithofBethulia,anelaboratehistoricophilosophicalspectacle,reachedtheunprecedentedlengthoffourreels,oronehour’srunningtime.Fromourcontemporaryviewpoint,thepretensionsofthisfilmmayseematrifleludicrous,butatthetimeitprovokedendlessdebateanddiscussionandgaveanewintellectualrespectabilitytothecinema.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbefore1910thenormalrunningtimeofafilmwas（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatGriffithwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項

A.discusstheimportanceofGriffithtothedevelopmentofthecinema

B.describetheimpactoncinemaoftheflashbackandothereditinginnovations

C.deplorethestateofAmericancinemabeforetheadventofGriffith

D.documentGriffith’simpactonthechoiceofsubjectmatterinAmericanfilms

問題2選項

A.15minutesorless

B.between15and30minutes

C.between30and45minutes

D.between45minutesand1hour

問題3選項

A.Thegooddirectorwillattempttoexplorenewideasasquicklyaspossible.

B.Thecameramustbeconsideredanintegralandactiveelementinthecreationofafilm.

C.Thecinemashouldemphasizeseriousandsoberexaminationsoffundamentalhumanproblems.

D.Thepropercompositionofscenesinafilmismoreimportantthanthedetailsoftheirediting.

問題4選項

A.sympathetic

B.amused

C.hostile

D.condescending

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。文章主要講述了格里菲斯電影事業(yè)的成就，以及對電影行業(yè)做出的貢獻，帶來了一系列重大的影響。選項A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“WhenheremadeEnochArdenin1911，heinsistedthatasubjectofsuchimportancecouldnotbetreatedinthethenconventionallengthofonereel”，1910年前，只需要一個卷盤的長度，根據(jù)后文可知。兩年后，電影可以放四個卷盤的長度，為一個小時，所以一個卷盤大概是15分鐘。選項A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，格里菲斯對電影鏡頭進行了改變，改固定的鏡頭拍攝為特寫鏡頭和全景鏡頭，可以獲得更好的戲劇效果，所以照相機在電影拍攝過程中是一個整體的有效的因素。選項B符合題意。

4.主旨題，推測作者的意圖和態(tài)度。根據(jù)文章第一段，在格里菲斯之前，戲劇電影的拍攝都是對著固定的攝像頭的，演員全身出境，隨后格里菲斯進行了改革創(chuàng)造，作者對其表示贊賞。所以，作者認為格里菲斯前的電影拍得不好，表現(xiàn)出一種居高臨下的態(tài)度。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Theirnewpolicygave______toincreasedunemployment.

問題1選項

A.arise

B.arouse

C.raise

D.rise

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項arise“產(chǎn)生；發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)（常用于抽象事物）”；B選項arouse“引起；喚醒；鼓勵；激發(fā)”；C選項raise“提高；籌集；養(yǎng)育；升起；飼養(yǎng)，種植”（及物動詞，表示把某具體事物抬起高處或提高某抽象事物）；D選項rise“攀升；起床；升起；休會；（數(shù)量）增加；變得更成功”（使用范圍廣，既用于具體事物的“上升、增長”，又用于抽象事物的“上漲”）。根據(jù)固定搭配giveriseto“引起；導致；造成；產(chǎn)生”可知句意為：他們的新政策導致更多人失業(yè)。因此D選項正確。

7.單選題

Humanevolutionislengthyprocessofchange()peopleoriginatedfromapelikeancestors.Scientificevidenceshowsthatthephysicalandbehavioraltraitssharedbyallpeopleevolvedoveraperiodofatleast6millionyears.

問題1選項

A.ofwhich

B.bywhich

C.forwhich

D.bythat

【答案】B

【解析】句意：人類的進化是一個漫長的變化過程，人類起源于類人猿的祖先?？茖W證據(jù)表明，所有人共有的生理和行為特征都是在至少600萬年的時間里進化出來的。

8.單選題

I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（

）.

問題1選項

A.paidoff

B.takenitstoll

C.madeadifference

D.shownup

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。payoff付清，取得成功；takeitstoll造成損失，造成傷亡；makeadifference有影響，有關系；showup出現(xiàn)，揭露。

句意：我很高興的聽說你找到了工作，在學校里一切的努力顯然都得到了回報。只有選項A符合語境。

9.單選題

Underthepresentsystem,stateenterprisesmust（）allprofitstothegovernment.

問題1選項

A.turndown

B.turnto

C.turnout

D.turnin

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組。A:turndown“減少；關小”；B:turnto“求助于……”；C:turnout“結果是；關掉”；D:turnin“上交；歸還”。句意：在現(xiàn)行制度下，國有企業(yè)必須向政府上交全部利潤。根據(jù)語境可知D為正確答案。

10.單選題

Howcanacompanyimproveitssales?Oneofthekeystomoreeffectivesellingisforacompanytofirstdecideonits“salesstrategy.”Inotherwords,whatistheroleofthesalesperson?Isthesalesperson’sjobnarrative,suggestiveorconsultative?

The“narrative”salesstrategydependsonthesalespersonmovingquicklyintoastandardsalespresentation.Hisorherpitchhighlightsthebenefitsforthecustomerofaparticularproductorservice.Thisapproachismosteffectiveforcustomerswhosebuyingmotivesarebasicallythesameandisalsowellsuitedtocompanieswhohavealargenumberofprospects(可能的主顧)onwhichtocall.

The“suggestive”approachistailoredmorefortheindividualcustomer.Thesalespersonmustbeinapositiontoofferalternativerecommendationsthatmeetaparticularcustomer’sneeds.Onekeyaspectofthesuggestiveapproachistheneedforthesalespersontoengagethebuyerinsomesortofdiscussion.Thesalespersoncanusetheinformationgleanedfromthecustomertosuggestanappropriateproductorservice.

“Wetelloursalespeopletobelikewinestewards.”saysMindyShawnee,acorporatesalestrainer,“thewinestewardfirstcheckstoseewhatfoodthecustomerhasorderedandthenopensbysuggestingthewinethatbestcomplementsthedish.Mostcompanieswhouseanarrativestrategyshouldbeusingasuggestivestrategy.Justlikeyoucan’tdrinkredwinewitheverydish,youcan’thaveonesalesrecommendationtosuitallcustomers.”

Thefinalstrategydemandsthatacompany’ssalesstaffactas“consultants’’forthebuyer.Inthisrole,thesalespersonmustacquireagreatdealofinformationaboutthecustomer.Theydothisthroughmarketresearch,surveys,andface-to-facediscussions.Usingthisinformation,thesalespersonmakesadetailedpresentationtailoredspecificallytoacustomer’sneeds.

“Goodsalesconsultants,”saysAlanGoldfarb,presidentofADPro,Inc.,“arethepeoplewhouseawiderangeofskillsincludingprobing,listening,analysis,andpersuasiveness.Thebestsalesconsultants,however,aretheoneswhocanthinkoutsidetheboxandusetheircreativitytopresentaproductandclosethesale.Theotherskillsyoucanteach.Creativityisinnate.It’ssomethingwelookforineveryemployeewehire.”

Moreandmoresalesteamsareswitchingfromanarrativeorsuggestiveapproachtoamoreconsultativestrategy.Asaresult,corporationsarelookingmoreatintangiblessuchascreativityandanalyticalskillsandlessatlessateducationalbackgroundandtechnicalskills.

“Thenextcenturywillbeaboutmeetingindividualcustomerneeds.”saysGoldfarb,“thedaysofonesizefitsallareover.”

30.Mindycomparessalespeopletowinestewardsinthat（）.

31.Thebiggestchallengeforaconsultativesalespersonis（）.

32.AccordingtoAlan,creativityinsalespeople（）.

33.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.bothofthemhavetosellproducttotheircustomers

B.bothofthemusetheireloquenttonguetomakealiving

C.bothofthemneedtosuittheirservicetothecustomer’sneeds

D.bothofthemhavetomakerecommendationsallthetime

問題2選項

A.face-to-facediscussion

B.tailor-madepresentation

C.appropriatepitchofvoice

D.largeamountofresearch

問題3選項

A.issomethingthatcan’tbetrainedortaught

B.issomethingthatcanbegainedthroughyearsofexperience

C.istheabilityto“thinkoutsidethebox”

D.istheabilitytopersuadecustomerseffectivelyandefficiently

問題4選項

A.ThePowerofPersuasion

B.NewTrendsintheSalesIndustry

C.SuitYourTacticstotheCustomers

D.TheImportanceofCreativityinSales

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】30.推理判斷題。定位在第四段Mindy說Wetelloursalespeopletobelikewinestewards.（我告訴我們的銷售人員要像酒水專員一樣。）thewinestewardfirstcheckstoseewhatfoodthecustomerhasorderedandthenopensbysuggestingthewinethatbestcomplementsthedish.（酒保首先檢查顧客點了什么菜，然后開始推薦最適合這道菜的酒。）由此可知銷售人員和酒水專員一樣得學會根據(jù)客人的喜好再給出建議。因此C選項“兩者都需要讓其服務符合顧客的需求”正確，符合題意。A選項“兩者都必須把產(chǎn)品賣給客戶”，B選項“兩者都使用他們雄辯的口才謀生”，D選項“兩者總是需要提出建議”均不符合題意，故選C。

31.推理判斷題。由關鍵詞consultativesalesperson定位到第五段thesalespersonmustacquireagreatdealofinformationaboutthecustomer.Theydothisthroughmarketresearch,surveys,andface-to-facediscussions.Usingthisinformation,thesalespersonmakesadetailedpresentationtailoredspecificallytoacustomer’sneeds.（銷售人員必須搜集大量客戶信息，可以通過市場研究和調(diào)查面對面討論方式完成。然后利用這些信息制定出特別符合客戶需求的詳細展示。）對于一位顧問式銷售人員來說，需要對客戶的信息了解透徹，從而制定出與客戶需求特別符合的展示是他們面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。因此B選項“量身定做的展示”正確，符合題意。A選項“面對面討論”，D選項“大量的研究”。A，D選項是職責內(nèi)必做的事情。C選項“適當?shù)囊粽{(diào)”，屬于說明式銷售人員的加分項，與顧問式銷售人員無關。故選B。

32.客觀細節(jié)題。定位在文章的第六段Thebestsalesconsultants,however,aretheoneswhocanthinkoutsidetheboxandusetheircreativitytopresentaproductandclosethesale.Theotherskillsyoucanteach.Creativityisinnate.（然而，最好的銷售顧問是那些能夠跳出框框思考，利用自己的創(chuàng)造力展示產(chǎn)品并完成銷售的人。其他的技能可以教。創(chuàng)造力是與生俱來的。）由此可知在Alan看來，一個銷售人員的創(chuàng)造力是與生俱來，不能作為技能一樣進行教授的。因此A選項“是不能被訓練或教導得來的”正確，符合題意。B選項“是可以通過多年的經(jīng)驗獲得的”，C選項“是跳出框框思考的能力”，D選項“是有效和高效說服客戶的能力”均不符合題意，故選A。

33.主旨大意題。本文介紹了幾種銷售策略：說明式、建議式和顧問式銷售策略。先分別說明各種策略的特點和適用性，然后總結現(xiàn)在銷售的趨勢，即說明式和建議式向顧問式轉變。因此B選項“銷售行業(yè)的新趨勢”正確，符合題意。A選項“說服力”，C選項“使你的策略適合顧客”，D選項“創(chuàng)造力在銷售中的重要性”均不符合題意，故選B。

11.單選題

IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.

Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.

Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate'sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers'unionskeepaneyeonschools,theCCPOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.

Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.

Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.

Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehasbecomeclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.

JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandthepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.

1.Paragraph1suggeststhat（）.

2.AccordingtoParagraph2,（）.

3.Paragraph4pointsoutthattheincomeinthestatesectoris（）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromtheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinthatunions（）

5.WhatisJohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystem?

問題1選項

A.JimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilservant

B.Teamstershaskeptgrowinginitsbodyofmembers

C.thenumberofunionistsinpublic-sectorhasincreased

D.thegovernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists

問題2選項

A.auniversitydegreeisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionmembership

B.LaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions

C.public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions

D.public-sectorunionsarehesitantintakingactions

問題3選項

A.fairlyadjusted

B.illegallysecured

C.indirectlyincreased

D.excessivelyincreased

問題4選項

A.oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem

B.maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms

C.canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes

D.aredominantinthegovernment

問題5選項

A.Tolerance.

B.Disapproval.

C.Indifference.

D.Appreciation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由原文第一段第二句“WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.”可知，在1960年只有十分之一的美國政府工作人員屬于工會而現(xiàn)在是36%。而由最后兩句“In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.”可知，2009年，美國公共部門工會成員的數(shù)量超過了私營部門工會成員的數(shù)量。在英國，超過一半的公共部門員工加入了工會，但只有15%的私營部門員工加入了工會。由此可以判斷，這么多年來，公共部門的工會成員人數(shù)有所增加，所以C選項表述正確。原文只是說明JimmyHoffa如果活著可能會代表公務員，并不是說他真的是公務員，因此A選項與原文內(nèi)容不符。B選項“卡車司機成員不斷增加”與原文內(nèi)容不符，原文只是說1960年卡車司機處于巔峰時期，故表述錯誤。D選項“政府改善了它與工會的關系”，在原文中并未提到，屬于無中生有。故本題正確答案為C選項。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問：根據(jù)第二段可以得出……。原文第二段主要介紹了工會興盛的三個原因，原因一：他們可以在不承擔后果的情況下解決事情；原因二：他們大多聰明且受過良好的教育；原因三：他們現(xiàn)在主導著中間偏左的政治。由此可知，C選項表述正確，withoutsufferingmuch說明他們很少惹上麻煩，即seldomgetintrouble。原文第二段第四句指出“AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree”，所以并不是所有的公共部門工會成員都被要求擁有大學學位?？膳袛郃選項表述錯誤。由原因三可知，工黨一直和工會聯(lián)系在一起，工黨領袖的當選部分原因歸功于公共部分工會的投票，可判斷B選項錯誤。D選項的表述在原文中并未提及，故本題正確答案為C選項。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問：從第四段可以得知，國營部門的收入是……。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第4段第三句，通過Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.可知，政客們一再“加碼”公共部門的薪酬協(xié)議，要保持適度的工資增長，但要增加假期，尤其是已經(jīng)很豐厚的養(yǎng)老金。由此可知，國營部門的收入需要間接進行提高?？膳袛郈選項正確。A選項表示“公平調(diào)整”，B選項表示“非法獲得”，D選項表示“過度增加”，均與原文內(nèi)容不符，故本題正確答案為C選項。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問：我們可以從威斯康辛州工會的例子中了解到，工會應該……。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第六段第二句“InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor”，根據(jù)句意可知，在威斯康辛州，各工會集結了數(shù)千支持者，反對共和黨強硬派州長ScottWalker。由此可知B選項“工會是公共部門改革的障礙”表述正確。A選項“經(jīng)常與當前的政治體制相抵觸”屬于推斷過度，而C選項“能改變?nèi)藗兊恼螒B(tài)度”和D選項“在政府中占主導地位”在原文中均為提及。因此，本題正確答案為B選項。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。題干詢問：JohnDonahue對公共工會部門的態(tài)度是……。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文最后一段，由“Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.”可知，銀行家豐厚的薪水引來了許多批評，但公共部門系統(tǒng)不獎勵高成就者，這對美國來說可能是一個更大的問題。由此可見，JohnDonahue對于美國的公共部門持有不支持的態(tài)度，因此B選項Disapproval最符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為B選項。A選項表示“容忍”，C選項表示“漠不關心”，D選項表示“贊賞”。

12.單選題

Itisobviousthat,（）self-awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.

問題1選項

A.while

B.as

C.when

D.since

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項while用作連詞時，譯為“當……時候，和……同時；雖然……，盡管……”；B選項as表原因；C選項when表時間；D選項since表原因。題干的意思是“很明顯，雖然自我意識是一種健康的品質，（）過度的自我意識是有害的?！彼钥崭裉帒顆hile表轉折。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”，withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal'sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）.Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Theauthorintroduceshistopicintheopeningparagraphby（）.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”（Lastline,paragraph1）impliesthat（）.

3.Theresearcherschosefemalecapuchinmonkeysforstudyprobablybecausetheyare（）.

4.Theresearchersfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項

A.posingacontrast

B.makingacomparison

C.justifyinganassumption

D.explainingaphenomenon

問題2選項

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

問題3選項

A.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

B.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

C.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

D.attentivetoresearchers'instructions

問題4選項

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

D.willnotbecooperativeiffeelingcheated

問題5選項

A.monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions

B.humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource

C.animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo

D.cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.考查寫作手法。第一段將人與猴子之間的相似性進行比較,說明人會將自己與其同類進行比較，而一項研究也表明猴子也存在這種現(xiàn)象。A項"posingacontrast"提出一個對比，但文章不止提出了對比，還進行了分析。B項"makingacomparison"作對比，符合題意。contrast多用于不同事物之間的比較；而compare多用于類比，即同類事物之間的比較。C項“證明一個假設”，第一段說的是人與猴子的比較，而不是假設什么東西。D項“解釋一種現(xiàn)象”與第一段不符。故B項正確。、

2.判斷推理題。由于題目表面看上去是問一個詞組的意思，實際上只有先理解“alltoohuman太具人性化的”然后才能夠理解“alltoomonkey太猴子化了”。A項“猴子也會被懶散的競爭對手激怒。”文章中開篇的時候只是說人會被懶散的競爭對手激怒，并沒有說動物也會被懶散的競爭對手激怒，故A項錯誤。C項“猴子和人一樣，也會彼此嫉妒。”這是最大的干擾項，本文的主題就是要告訴大家“猴子也痛恨不公平”，故該項與原文內(nèi)容有區(qū)別。D項“除了猴子沒有動物能夠培養(yǎng)出這樣的感情。”從原文并不能推斷出這個觀點。故B項“猴子與人一樣，也會憎惡不公平”。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段以及第三段一句話“Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal'sstudy."研究人員研究了雌性棕色卷尾猴的行為。他們看起來很可愛