考研考博-英語-山東中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Heisstrugglingtomoveonafter___emotionalandhealthproblems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundleof

B.apartof

C.aseriesof

D.abunchof

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.abundleof一束B.apartof一部分

C.aseriesof一系列的；一連串的D.abunchof一群

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】這里的短語用來形容“情感和健康問題”，C選項(xiàng)aseriesof“一系列的”表示一系列的，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】在經(jīng)歷了一系列情感和健康問題后，他正在努力向前看。

2.翻譯題

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.(10*1=10)

中國近年流行一個(gè)笑話，說的是一個(gè)中國老婦和一個(gè)美國老婦在天堂里相遇了，中國老婦說：“我到臨死前終于攢夠錢買一套房子了?！泵绹蠇D則說：“我臨死前才終于把房子貸款還清了?！边@則笑話基于美國人喜歡揮霍而中國人習(xí)慣節(jié)儉的成見，也在一定程度上解釋了失衡的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)如何失去方向。這次危機(jī)在兩個(gè)方面區(qū)別于過去的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩，同時(shí)也解釋了它持久不愈的原因。第一個(gè)是信貸悖論：它在帶來活力的同時(shí)也破壞穩(wěn)定，全球金融的擴(kuò)張及其支配地位為更快的資本積累和物質(zhì)豐富打開大門，但與此同時(shí)也播下危機(jī)的種子，在美國，寬松的貨幣政策和神秘的金融操縱讓消費(fèi)者能夠輕易享受到更大的房子、更好的汽車和更長的假期，即便他們根本沒有儲(chǔ)蓄。

【答案】ThereisapopularjokeinChinainrecentyears.ThereisaChineseoldwomanwhomeetsanAmericanoldwomaninheaven.TheChineseoldwomansays,IfinallysavedenoughmoneytobuyahousebeforeIdied.TheAmericanoldwomansaid,IfinallypaidoffmyhousebeforeIdied.Thisjoke,basedonthestereotypethatAmericansarespendthriftwhileChinesearethrifty,goessomewaytoexplaininghowthelopsidedworldeconomyhaslostitsway.Thiscrisisisintwowaysdifferentfrompasteconomicshocks,andwhyithaspersisted.Thefirstoneiscreditparadox:itinavitalityalsodestabilizing,theexpansionoftheglobalfinancialanditsdominantpositionforafastercapitalaccumulationandrichmaterialopenthedoor,butatthesametimealsosowtheseedsofthecrisis,intheUnitedStates,theloosemonetarypolicyandthemysteriousfinancialmanipulationmakeconsumerscaneasilyenjoythebiggerhousesandbettercarsandlongerholidays,eveniftheydon’thavesavings.

3.單選題

Frank（）allhisstrength,pushedpasttheplayersblockinghim,andranforatouchdown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.calledon

B.calleddown

C.calledup

D.calledfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。callon“拜訪；號(hào)召”；calldown“引起；責(zé)罵”；callup“給……打電話；調(diào)用”；callfor“去接（某人）；去?。澄铮?。句意：弗蘭克用盡全力推開阻礙者，越線得分。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Doyouthinkthisjacketandtrouserswill______asuit?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.passoff

B.passover

C.passup

D.passfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。passoff“停止”；passover“忽略”；passup“升起，拒絕”；passfor“被認(rèn)為，當(dāng)作”。句意：你認(rèn)為這件夾克和褲子可以看作是一套嗎？選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime;itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfactofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is（）.

2.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis（）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis（）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis（）.

5.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quiteencouraging

B.fairlybright

C.veryimpressive

D.ratherbleak

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S.

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

C.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.upset

B.uncertain

C.alarmed

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：作者所描繪的美國人的閱讀能力是怎樣的？根據(jù)原文第一段的首句Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.（我?guī)缀鯖]有必要列舉所有令人沮喪的人們的識(shí)字狀況）。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“相當(dāng)凄涼”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：作者最關(guān)心的是？根據(jù)原文第二段的首句Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.（但我今天擔(dān)心的與其說是基本識(shí)字這個(gè)壓倒性的問題，不如說是一個(gè)更為奢侈的問題，即美國中產(chǎn)階層讀者閱讀技能的衰退，他們不愿意在安靜的地方，犧牲難得在家的時(shí)間，集中注意力用以讀書，而這些與經(jīng)典閱讀行為息息相關(guān)），由此可知A選項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的閱讀能力與閱讀行為”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：大多數(shù)識(shí)字青少年最主要的一個(gè)問題是？根據(jù)原文第二段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.（有人認(rèn)為，近80%有文化，受過良好教育的美國青少年，沒有背景音樂和閃爍的電視屏幕的陪伴就無法閱讀）以及thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration（而這種邊閱讀邊在背景干擾下進(jìn)行理解的新方法使某些基本的理解和集中行為變得不可能），由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)狈ψ⒁饬突纠斫饬Α狈项}意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：作者認(rèn)為，讀者對(duì)一篇詩歌或散文表現(xiàn)贊賞的最好方式是？根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.（更不用說人們對(duì)他們真正喜歡的詩歌或散文給予的最高評(píng)價(jià)了，那就是把它記在心里），由此可知D選項(xiàng)“能夠欣賞它并記住它”符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問的是：關(guān)于閱讀藝術(shù)的未來，作者的感覺是怎樣的？根據(jù)原文最后一段的第一句Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.（在這種情況下，閱讀藝術(shù)的未來是什么，這確實(shí)是一個(gè)大問題。）以及最后一句話Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.（在圖書界沒有人能自信地說他知道未來將會(huì)發(fā)生什么。）由此可推斷，作者認(rèn)為閱讀藝術(shù)的未來充滿了不確定性，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.單選題

Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3,000,000worthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.

Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevision,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.

Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhois,sotospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.

Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofshop-lifterisrarelypoor.Hedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthem.Hestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.

Inordertopreventthequiteincrediblegrowthinship-liftingoffences,somestores,infact,aredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemis,perhaps,thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinanotherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!

1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?

2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,law-abidingcitizens（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?

5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisa"shrinkage"inmarketvalues.

B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.

C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.

D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arementallyill

B.arequiteabsent-minded

C.cannotresistthetemptation

D.cannotaffordtopayforgoods

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty

B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying

C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets

D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessionals.

B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.

C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesarepoor.

D.Theprofessionalsdon'tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestores

B.somepeoplesimplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops

C.thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices

D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"thehonestpublic"定位到第一段的最后一句"Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices."由于商家所謂的"由偷竊造成的損失",誠實(shí)的公眾因此而付出了更高的代價(jià)。結(jié)合上文可知"shrinkage"指店內(nèi)行竊案件,所以選項(xiàng)D更準(zhǔn)確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句"Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves."商店行竊者可分為三大類:專業(yè)扒手、蓄意的業(yè)余扒手和控制不了盜竊沖動(dòng)的扒手。所以第三類人就是無法抵擋誘惑的人,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"law-abiding"定位到第四段。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知：那些禁受不住誘惑的人,往往在其他方面是遵紀(jì)守法的好公民,他們很少是家境貧困的。他們偷東西不是因?yàn)楦恫黄疱X,而是心不在焉拿走東西忘記付錢了。所以選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤,他們并不貧窮;選項(xiàng)C也表述錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及;所以只有選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)笫二段的最后一句"they（theprofessional）accountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting"可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤,而選項(xiàng)D正確;根據(jù)第三段"Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts."可知選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)四段的第二句"Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor."這類盜賊并不貧窮,那么言下之意就是人們認(rèn)為盜賊應(yīng)該是貧窮的。所以選項(xiàng)C也正確。只有選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原文上一句"itisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority."這是由于一小部分人的做法給大多數(shù)無辜的人帶來了懲罰和不便的又一個(gè)例子。也就是第一段所說的：公眾因此而付出了更高的代價(jià)。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

7.單選題

Thevegetativeformsofbacteriaareexterminatedby（

）intheair,althoughthedifferentspeciesexhibitpronounceddifferencesintheirresistance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.combusting

B.quenching

C.shrinking

D.dehydrating

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。combust燃燒的，燒焦的；quenching(quench)壓抑；熄滅；shrinking收縮，萎縮；dehydrating脫水。句意：即使不同的物種在它們的抗?fàn)幹酗@現(xiàn)出顯著的差異，但是細(xì)菌繁殖體還是能以脫水的方式被根除。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.allelse

B.muchworse

C.lesslikely

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】考查語義辨析。A選項(xiàng)allelse“其他所有”；B選項(xiàng)muchworse“更糟糕的是”；C選項(xiàng)lesslikely“更不可能的是”；D選項(xiàng)letalone“更不必說”，句意為：如今想在同一個(gè)領(lǐng)域干一輩子的工人越來越少，更不用說同一個(gè)公司了。D選項(xiàng)符合句意，因此選D。

9.單選題

AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium^periodof1,000years）,whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerate：progressinallareasoflife.Pearsonhas（1）togethertoworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproducea（2）millenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkey（3）anddiscoveriestotakeplace.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includingan（4）lifeexpectancyanddozensofartificialorgans（5）intousebetweennowand2040.

Pearsonalso（6）abreakthroughincomputerhumanlinks."Bylinking（7）toournervoussystem,computerscouldpickup（8）wefeeland,hopefully,simulate（9）toosothatwecanstartto（10）fullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck,"hesays.

Butthat,Pearsonpoints（11）,isonlythestartofman-machine（12）:"Itwillbethebeginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwill（13）leadtoafullyelectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentury.“（14）hisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbepredicted.However,therearestillno（15）forwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbe（16）,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossibly.

Buthedoes（17）socialproblemsasaresultoftechnologicaladvances.Aboominneighborhoodsurveillancecameraswill,forexample,（18）problemsin2010,whilethearrivalofsynthetic（19）robotswillmeanpeoplemaynotbeableto（20）betweentheirhumanfriendsandthedroids.Andhomeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthebreakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder-kitchenrage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.taken

B.pieced

C.kept

D.made

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.delicate

C.subtle

D.unique

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.breakthroughs

B.findings

C.events

D.incidents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.expanded

B.extended

C.enlarged

D.enriched

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.being

B.becoming

C.carrying

D.coming

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.schedules

B.plans

C.predicts

D.designs

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.directly

B.instantly

C.precisely

D.automatically

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.how

C.what

D.all

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.thinking

B.hearing

C.sight

D.feeling

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.form

B.develop

C.find

D.undertake

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.at

C.to

D.toward

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.program

B.production

C.experiment

D.integration

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.finally

B.ultimately

C.utterly

D.absolutely

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.Through

B.Though

C.During

D.By

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.forecasts

B.articles

C.stories

D.meetings

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.advisable

B.affordable

C.available

D.valuable

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.solve

B.arose

C.exercise

D.expect

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.confront

B.cause

C.witness

D.collect

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.lovely

B.likely

C.lifelike

D.lively60.

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.distinguish

B.differ

C.diagnose

D.deviate

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:A

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞組。動(dòng)詞詞組piecetogether表示拼湊，匯聚在一起。原文句意：皮爾森匯集了世界各地的數(shù)百名研究人員。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

2.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complicated表示“復(fù)雜的”；B選項(xiàng)delicate表示“精致的，脆弱的”；C選項(xiàng)subtle表示“狡猾的，敏感的”；D選項(xiàng)unique表示“唯一的，獨(dú)特的”。由原文可知，這些研究人員編制了一個(gè)（）千禧年的技術(shù)日歷，列出了我們可以期待的數(shù)百項(xiàng)重要發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)生的最遲日期。對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有unique含義最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

3.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)breakthrough表示“突破”；B選項(xiàng)finding表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)event表示“事件”；D選項(xiàng)incident表示“事件，事變”。由后文中出現(xiàn)的biggestdevelopments可知，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)日歷羅列的內(nèi)容與關(guān)鍵的突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)。因此，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

4.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)expanded表示“膨脹的，擴(kuò)張的”；B選項(xiàng)extended表示“伸出的，延長的”；C選項(xiàng)enlarged表示“放大的，擴(kuò)大的”；D選項(xiàng)enriched表示“濃縮的，強(qiáng)化的”。空缺處形容詞需要修飾lifeexpectance，因此B選項(xiàng)最符合要求，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.考查固定搭配。動(dòng)詞短語comeintouse表示開始使用，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合搭配要求，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

6.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)schedule表示“確定時(shí)間，安排日程”；B選項(xiàng)plan表示“計(jì)劃”；C選項(xiàng)predict表示“預(yù)測(cè)”；D選項(xiàng)design表示“設(shè)計(jì)，構(gòu)思”。根據(jù)原文第一段可知，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)日歷能夠預(yù)測(cè)關(guān)鍵突破和重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)間。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

7.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)directly表示“直接地”；B選項(xiàng)instantly表示“立即”；C選項(xiàng)precisely表示“精確地”；D選項(xiàng)automatically表示“自動(dòng)地”。由原文可知，將電腦直接連接到人類的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，電腦就可以檢測(cè)到人類的感受如何。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

8.考查賓語從句?？杖碧幉糠旨纫鲑e語從句引導(dǎo)詞又要做從句部分的賓語，因此只可以選擇what。

9.考查上下文語境。電腦能夠檢測(cè)到人體的感受，并有希望模擬人類感受。因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。原文講到通過與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)相連，電腦可以識(shí)別出人類的感受，并將之模擬，這樣人類就可以開始著手研究全感官環(huán)境。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

11.考查動(dòng)詞詞組。動(dòng)詞詞組pointout表示“指出，指明”，因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

12.考查名詞詞義辨析。由后文“Itwillbethebeginningofthelongprocessofintegration…”可知，空缺處所缺單詞與man-machine構(gòu)成名詞短語，表示人機(jī)一體化，因此空缺處內(nèi)容應(yīng)為integration。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

13.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)finally表示“最后，終于”；B選項(xiàng)ultimately表示“最后，根本，基本上”；C選項(xiàng)utterly表示“完全地，絕對(duì)地”；D選項(xiàng)absolutely表示“絕對(duì)地，完全地”。

根據(jù)句意可知，人機(jī)一體化最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類的完全電子化，因此可排除C、D選項(xiàng)。finally與ultimately雖然都可表示“最終，最后”，但finally通常表示在一系列因素的最后一個(gè)，而ultimately更強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過長時(shí)間努力或者復(fù)雜工作之后達(dá)到的結(jié)果，因此本題選擇B選項(xiàng)更為合適。

14.考查介詞的用法。Through表示憑借，通過；during表示過程；by表示方式、手段或借助某種工具，而though為連詞，后面通常加句子。因此，本題選擇A選項(xiàng)最為合適。

15.考查名詞詞義辨析。由上下文可知，憑借這項(xiàng)研究，皮爾森能夠確定大多數(shù)可以預(yù)測(cè)的突破的日期。然而，還無法預(yù)測(cè)何時(shí)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)比光還快的旅行，或者克隆何時(shí)才能完善，或者時(shí)光旅行成為可能。因此，空缺處部分應(yīng)表示“預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)估”的含義。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

16.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)advisable表示“明智的，可取的，適當(dāng)?shù)摹?；B選項(xiàng)affordable表示“負(fù)擔(dān)得起的”；C選項(xiàng)available表示“可利用的，可行的”；D選項(xiàng)valuable表示“有價(jià)值的，貴重的”。對(duì)比分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有C選項(xiàng)最符合句意，因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

17.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)solve表示“解決，解答”；B選項(xiàng)arose表示“出現(xiàn)，引發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)exercise表示“練習(xí)，使用”；D選項(xiàng)expect表示“期望，預(yù)期，預(yù)料”。由后文所舉的例子可知，皮爾森確實(shí)預(yù)計(jì)到了科技進(jìn)步帶來的社會(huì)問題。因此，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

18.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)confront表示“面對(duì)，遭遇”；B選項(xiàng)cause表示“引起，遭受”；C選項(xiàng)witness表示“目擊，證明”；D選項(xiàng)collect表示“收集，募捐”。由句意可知，社區(qū)監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭增多會(huì)引起一系列問題，所以cause最符合原文句意，因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

19.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)lovely表示“可愛的，秀麗的”；B選項(xiàng)likely表示“很可能的，合適的”；C選項(xiàng)lifelike表示“逼真的，栩栩如生的”；D選項(xiàng)lively表示“活潑的，生動(dòng)的”。由后文講到的人們難以區(qū)分人類的朋友和機(jī)器人可知，這些合成的機(jī)器人栩栩如生，非常逼真。因此，本題選擇C項(xiàng)lifelike最為合適。

20.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinguish表示“區(qū)別，區(qū)分”；B選項(xiàng)differ表示“不同，有差異”；C選項(xiàng)diagnose表示“診斷”；D選項(xiàng)deviate表示“脫離，偏離，越軌”。分析句子可知，空缺處所缺單詞需要和between搭配使用，因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。短語distinguish…between…and...表示在兩者之間區(qū)別。

10.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“指出有關(guān)太陽活動(dòng)的兩種相對(duì)的科學(xué)理論并對(duì)其各自的地質(zhì)依據(jù)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)”，B選項(xiàng)“簡要概述近期科學(xué)在太陽物理學(xué)方面的發(fā)展并且就他們對(duì)未來氣候研究的影響做出評(píng)價(jià)”，C選項(xiàng)“討論將地球上的各種現(xiàn)象與太陽活動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來的困難性并指出問題的解決方法影響著我們對(duì)太陽物理活動(dòng)的理解”，D選項(xiàng)“概述有關(guān)太陽物理的問題之所以一直沒解決的原因并且對(duì)現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)家過度理論化的方法進(jìn)行指責(zé)”，根據(jù)文章大意可以推斷出C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章對(duì)太陽活動(dòng)的兩種模式的介紹主要集中在文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”可知在第一種模式中，太陽活動(dòng)的周期是與太陽大范圍的磁場相關(guān)的并且太陽活動(dòng)周期是可以長期維持基本不變的。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.”“在這種模式中，與太陽磁場相關(guān)的太陽機(jī)制變化更快，因此，太陽活動(dòng)周期的特點(diǎn)也會(huì)在很長一段時(shí)間后有所變化”可知在第二種模式中太陽活動(dòng)的周期也是和太陽磁場相關(guān)的，但是太陽活動(dòng)周期是會(huì)有所變化的。所以A選項(xiàng)‘在這兩個(gè)模型中，周期性的太陽活動(dòng)被認(rèn)為是太陽的一個(gè)長期特征，在數(shù)十億年的時(shí)間里幾乎沒有變化。’和C選項(xiàng)‘在一個(gè)模型中，太陽磁場被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致太陽活動(dòng)的一個(gè)因素，而在另一個(gè)模型中則不是?！礤e(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)文章中沒有體現(xiàn)，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.”“太陽活動(dòng)極小期的真實(shí)性還有待考證，特別是中國當(dāng)時(shí)肉眼觀察到的太陽活動(dòng)的記錄又與其相矛盾”確定A選項(xiàng)‘他們認(rèn)為,蒙德極小期的數(shù)據(jù)是建立不正確的。’符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”確定D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)億年前太陽活動(dòng)的周期性特征和如今太陽活動(dòng)的周期性相同”是對(duì)第一種模式的支持。

11.單選題

A（）translationisnotalwaystheclosesttooriginalmeaning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liberal

B.literate

C.literal

D.literacy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。liberal“自由主義的，慷慨的”；literate“受過教育的，精通文學(xué)的”；literal“文字的，逐字的”。句意：逐字翻譯往往不是最貼近原文意思的翻譯。只有D項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Withhisface（）byamask,thefiremandashedintothehouseonfire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hidden

B.concealed

C.screened

D.buried

【答案】C

【解析】四個(gè)詞都有“掩飾,掩藏”之意,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。hide—般用于hidesb/sthinaplace；conceal隱瞞,一般表示“掩飾,不讓別人發(fā)現(xiàn)”；screen表示“遮蔽以起到保護(hù)的效果”；bury表示“埋葬”。根據(jù)句意可知,所以C符合語境。

13.單選題

Emailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessages

that（）welltohumanneeds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adheres

B.conforms

C.satisfies

D.reflects

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。adheres堅(jiān)持，黏附；conforms符合；satisfies滿足，使?jié)M意；reflects反射，考慮。句意：電子郵件是方便的、高度大眾化的用于傳遞信息的非正式媒介，它（）人們的需求。從語義上來說，B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都可以,但是satisfy是及物動(dòng)詞，排除。conformto意為“符合，遵照，順應(yīng)”，因此正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Her30-yearstudyoftheGombeNationalParkchimpanzeesisthelargestcontinuousfieldprojecteverrecorded.Ithasmadeh