考研考博-英語-北京理工大學考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京理工大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Iwas（

）tostudyFrenchyesterday,butIchangedmymind.

問題1選項

A.tobestarting

B.tostart

C.tohavestarted

D.tohavebeenstarting

【答案】C

【解析】考查時態(tài)。was/weretohavedone表示“過去計劃打算做某事，結(jié)果卻沒做”，was/weretodo表示“過去計劃做某事”。由but后面的內(nèi)容可知此處表示“過去打算做而未做的事”，因此選C。

2.寫作題

Writeanessayof160一200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly;

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

【答案】Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepicturestandafatherandhisson,withhissonwearingthecostumeandtellinghisfatherthatmanystudentsconsiderthatsingingChineseoperaisnotinteresting,whilehisfathergivessomeencouragementtohisson,sayingthat“Thatisenoughaslongasyouloveit.”Simpleasthepictureis,thesymbolicmeaningisratherdeepandprofound.

Thispicturemayaimatillustratingtheimportanceofhavingadream.Againsttheunendingchallengesoflife,itisoftenthosewhostrugglewithanexplicitdreamregardlessofresistancethatcomeoutaswinners.Withapowerfuldream,wecanaccomplishgreatthings.Ourlifehasbeenfilledwithavariousexamplesoftheimportanceofhavingadream,withthefollowingonebeingtheforemost.Einstein,anextremelyeminentphysicist,hasmadegreatachievementsinnuclearenergy.Meanwhile,hefirmlybelievesitishisdreamthatdeterminethedirectionofhiseffortsandjudgement.Withouthisdream,hecouldnothavebecomeanincrediblysuccessfulphysicist.

Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayconfidentlydrawtheconclusionthathavingadreamshouldbeadvocated.Everyoneissupposedtohaveourowndreamandsparesnoeffortstoachieveit.Weshallalsobearinmindthatonlybyvirtueofapowerfuldreamcanweovercomealldifficultiesandbeawardedwithsuccess.

【解析】如上圖所示，畫面中央站著一對父子，兒子穿著戲服，對父親說，很多學生認為唱中國戲曲沒意思，而父親則給兒子一些鼓勵，說“只要你喜歡就夠了”。畫面很簡單，但它的象征意義是相當深遠的。

這張圖片旨在說明擁有夢想的重要性。面對生活中無休止的挑戰(zhàn)，往往是那些不顧一切地為一個明確的夢想而奮斗的人最終成為贏家。擁有強大的夢想，我們就能完成偉大的事情。我們的生活中充滿了各種各樣的例子來說明擁有夢想的重要性，下面的例子是最重要的。愛因斯坦是一位非常杰出的物理學家，他在核能方面取得了巨大的成就。同時，他堅信正是他的夢想決定了他努力和判斷的方向。如果沒有夢想，他不可能成為一個非常成功的物理學家。

通過以上討論，我們可以自信地得出這樣的結(jié)論：擁有夢想應(yīng)該被提倡。每個人都應(yīng)該有自己的夢想，并不遺余力地去實現(xiàn)它。我們也要牢記，只有擁有強大的夢想，我們才能克服一切困難，獲得成功。

3.單選題

Thebookwaswidelytranslatedandcopiedintheancientworldandwasinfluential（）.

問題1選項

A.atanyprice

B.withinreach

C.beyondmeasure

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。atanyprice“無論如何”；withinreach“伸手可及”；beyondmeasure“無可估量”；onpurpose“有目的地，故意地”。句意：在古代這本書被廣泛地翻譯和復(fù)制，其影響力______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息widely，可知選項C符合題意。

4.翻譯題

Craftymencondemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatthereisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.

【答案】有實際才干的人鄙薄書本；頭腦簡單的人羨慕書本；只有聰明人才會運用書本。因為書籍本身并不教人如何運用，運用之道，乃在書外，且高于書本，唯有通過觀察才能學到。讀書時不可存心與作者辯難，不可以輕信盲從，也不可尋章摘句，作為談資，而須權(quán)衡與琢磨。

5.單選題

Elaine,Justin’smom,hadsetdownthehouseruleswithself-confidentassurance.Onlythemostobtusepersonwouldhavefailedtounderstand:notattoos,nobodypiercingsandnoco-edsleepoverswhilelivinginthehouseofElaineTuckerBrown.Still,thedayJustinturned18,heliedtohismotheraboutwherehewasgoingandheadedstraighttothetattooparlor,asifimpervioustohismother’swrath.Hegotalightblueheart,thesizeofanorangepermanentlyetchedonhisarm.Abovethisworkofartwastheword“Blessed”.No,Justinwasnotstupid,buthewasobstinate.Elainesawthisasanactofsheerdefiance.Shewasincensed,herangerexacerbatedbythefactthatJustinhadbreezedintothehouse,foundherinthekitchen,takenoffhisshirtwithasmileandsaid,“Gotit!”“No,Justin.Letmetellwhatyou'vegot,”Elainesaidangrily.“You'vegotfiveminutestogoupstairsandpackabag.IamtakingyoutoPop-Pop's.”TheridetoPop-Pop’shousewaschilly,tosaytheleast.ElaineberatedJustinforeverythingshecouldthinkof,whichwasn’tmuchbecausehewasastraightAseniorwithafullacademicscholarshiptohistopcollegepick.Hehadakindheartandstartedafoundationintheninthgrade,whichdonatedusedsportingequipmenttounderprivilegedkidsinSouthAfrica.Elainepulleduptoherfather’sdoorandorderedJustinout.Not10minuteslater,hercellphonerang.“Elaine,haveyoulostit?Youarekickingaboyasgoodashimoutthehouseforatattoo-thatsays‘Blessed’,noless?”herfatherasked,incredulous.“Youwillmisshimsomuch.Don’tcutoffyournosetospiteface,Elaine.Comepickthisyoungmanup.”Elaine,havinggrownupobeyingmostofherparents’demands,turnedhercararoundandwentbacktopickupherson.Justinwassurprisinglycontrite.“Sorryforbeingsodisrespectful,Mom,”hesaidearnestly.“Iwilltrytofollowhouserulesfromnowon.”

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?

問題1選項

A.“HouseRules”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”

C.“StraightA’s”

D.“BodyPiercings”

問題2選項

A.cautiouslyjubilant

B.willfullydefiant

C.convincinglycontrite

D.noticeablymelodramatic

問題3選項

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.

問題4選項

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?1.什么標題最適合這篇文章？

A.“HouseRules”A.“家規(guī)”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”B.“拜訪爺爺”

C.“StraightA’s”C.“優(yōu)等生”

D.“BodyPiercings”D.“身體穿刺”

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章首尾兩句“賈斯汀的媽媽伊萊恩自信滿滿地定下了家里的規(guī)矩”，以及“從現(xiàn)在開始，我會盡量遵守家里的規(guī)矩”，可以知道，首尾兩句都提到了houserules（家規(guī)）這個詞語，可見本文主要是圍繞家規(guī)展開的。故該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B項“‘拜訪爺爺’”、C項“‘優(yōu)等生’”和D項“‘身體穿刺’”都是文中的細節(jié)，不是主旨，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?2.當賈斯汀給他媽媽看紋身時，他是什么態(tài)度？

A.cautiouslyjubilantA.謹慎地高興

B.willfullydefiantB.故意挑釁

C.convincinglycontriteC.令人信服地懺悔

D.noticeablymelodramaticD.引人注目地夸張

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章第六、七、八句“不，賈斯汀不笨，但他很固執(zhí)（obstinate）。伊萊恩認為這是公然的挑釁（anactofsheerdefiance）。她被激怒了，賈斯汀輕快地走進房子（Justinhadbreezedintothehouse），發(fā)現(xiàn)她在廚房里，他脫下了襯衫，微笑著（withasmile）說，‘知道了！’”，由Justinhadbreezedintothehouse（賈斯汀輕快地走進房子）和withasmile（帶著微笑）可以看出，賈斯汀的態(tài)度是任性固執(zhí)又帶有挑釁的，B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“謹慎地高興”和D項“引人注目地夸張”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該兩項不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

C項“令人信服地懺悔”，是賈斯汀去了爺爺家之后的態(tài)度，不復(fù)合題干，屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?3.以下哪一個細節(jié)不能讓讀者同情賈斯??？

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.A.他被描述為固執(zhí)。

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.B.他被描繪成一個善良的人。

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.C.他被描述成一個優(yōu)等生。

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.D.他獲得了大學全額獎學金。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文可知，賈斯汀是一個心地善良的人，每門學科都拿A，獲得了全額獎學金，這些都是他的優(yōu)點，能夠引起讀者的同情，但他固執(zhí)這一點，無法引起讀者的同情，所以本題選A項“他被描述為固執(zhí)”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】B項“他被描繪成一個善良的人”、C項“他被描述成一個優(yōu)等生”和D項“他獲得了大學全額獎學金”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項都是讓讀者同情的地方，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?4.下面哪一項是對段落中劃線習語的最佳詮釋？

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.A.說一些并不壞的事情。

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.B.試圖教一些太難的東西。

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.C.愛一個人不是因為他所做的事。

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.D.在報復(fù)的過程中傷害了自己。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子所在處，即文章倒數(shù)第五句“不要割下自己的鼻子來和臉過不去（Don’tcutoffyournosetospiteface）”，結(jié)合上下文語境：賈斯汀因為紋身惹惱了媽媽，媽媽生氣地把車開到爺爺家，將賈斯汀趕下車自己走了。爺爺打來電話告訴賈斯汀的媽媽：這么優(yōu)秀的孩子，你會十分想念他的。由此可以推斷，劃線句意為不要為了報復(fù)反而傷害了自己。選項D符合原文。

【干擾項排除】A項“說一些并不壞的事情”、B項“試圖教一些太難的東西”和C項“愛一個人不是因為他所做的事”根據(jù)解題思路可知，屬于曲解原文。

6.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問題1選項

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義解析。ingredient“要素，組成部分”，reliance“信賴”；shelter“庇護，避難所”；inclination“傾向，愛好”。句意：多我們來說知識是舒適而必要的歸宿在我們年老的時候，如果年輕時不開始，年老的時候它就不會給我們遮陰。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

______forhisillness,hewouldhavecometohelpyoupaintyourhouse.

問題1選項

A.Notbeing

B.Nothavingbeen

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Havingitnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。當主句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+would（shouldcouldmight）+have+動詞的過去分詞時，從句結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為：If+主語+had+動詞的過去分詞。當虛擬句中的if省略時，主句中的had要提前。原句應(yīng)為：Ifithadnotbeenforhisillness...，省略if后had提前，句子變?yōu)椋篐aditnotbeenforhisillness...。句意：如果不是因為他生病，他就會來幫你粉刷房子了。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

W:Whatseemstobetheproblem?

M:Well,Iunderstandthelectures,butIgetmixedupwhenItrytoreadthebook.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

問題1選項

A.Hedoesn’treallyunderstandthelectures.

B.Thebookisconfusing.

C.Thelectureisnotveryclear.

D.Thebookistoodifficultforhim.

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)男士的話“講課的內(nèi)容我都理解了，但讀書的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)又混亂了”可知B選項‘這本書令人困惑。’正確。

9.翻譯題

1.書籍引導我們進入優(yōu)秀的社會群體，將我們帶到偉大的思想家面前。

2.這些不同文化背景的年輕人都具有共同的愛好，喜歡同樣的服飾、音樂和娛樂。

3.名聲、財富和權(quán)利都是身外之物，人人可求而得之，但沒有人能代替你感受人生。

4.中國堅持以人為本的科學發(fā)展觀，著力構(gòu)建和諧社會。

5.一個時代展現(xiàn)在我們面前；政治更加民主，社會全面進步，人們生活進一步提高。

【答案】1.Booksguideusintogoodsocialgroupsandbringustogreatthinkers.

2.Theseyoungpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundsallhavecommonhobbiesandlikethesameclothes,musicandentertainment.

3.Fame,wealthandpowerareworldlypossessionsthatcanbeacquiredbyall,butnoonecanfeellifeforyou.

4.Chinaadherestothepeople-orientedscientificconceptofdevelopmentandstrivestobuildaharmonioussociety.

5.Aneraisunfoldingbeforeus;politicsismoredemocratic,societyisprogressinginanall-roundway,andpeople’slivesarefurtherimproved.

10.單選題

Dr.Johnsonwasgrantedanhonoredtitlein____ofhisvaluableworkforthecollege.

問題1選項

A.advancement

B.acquisition

C.announcement

D.acknowledgement

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.advancement促進；推動B.acquisition（知識、技能等的）獲得；得到

C.announcement（指行動）宣布；宣告D.acknowledgement（對事實、現(xiàn)實、存在的）承認；感謝；謝禮

【答案】D

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：約翰遜博士被授予榮譽稱號，以……他為學院所做的寶貴工作。根據(jù)邏輯，是由于約翰遜博士為學院做了貢獻所以被授予榮譽稱號，這個稱號是用來感謝他的。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】約翰遜博士被授予榮譽稱號，以表彰他為學院所做的寶貴工作。

11.單選題

Oncealighthouseisbuilt,noshipofanynationalitycanbeeffectively（）fromtheutilizationofthelighthousefornavigationalpurposes.

問題1選項

A.isolated

B.dismissed

C.distracted

D.excluded

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項isolated“孤立”；B選項dismissed“解散”；C選項distracted“分心”；D選項excluded“排除”。句意：燈塔一旦建成，任何國籍的船舶都可以有效地利用它來航行。本句表示沒有船舶會被排除在外，因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Ifeachrepresentativepresentheremakeshisusualspeech,themeetingwillbe（

）morethananhour.

問題1選項

A.expanded

B.prolonged

C.delayed

D.exceeded

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項expand“擴張”；B選項prolong“延長”；C選項delay“延遲”；D選項exceed“超過”。句意：如果每位出席的代表都像往常一樣發(fā)言，會議將延長一個多小時。選項B符合句意。

13.單選題

AncientGreeksbelievedthatthegods,whoresembledhumans,livedonMountOlympus,wheretheyhadahierarchicalsociety.Individualgodsbecameassociatedwiththreemain（

）—theskyorheaven,thesea,andtheearth.

問題1選項

A.paradigms

B.regimes

C.domains

D.regimens

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項paradigm“范例；詞形變化表”；B選項regime“政權(quán)；政體；管理制度”；C選項domain“領(lǐng)域；地產(chǎn)”；D選項regimen“養(yǎng)生法；生活規(guī)則”。句意：古希臘人認為，與人類相似的諸神生活在奧林匹斯山上，那里是一個等級森嚴的社會。個別的神與三種主要的……聯(lián)系在一起——天空或天堂，大海和大地。天空、大海和大地屬于地域。因此C選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Ihaven'treadthatbook,butjustfromlookingoverthe（）,Ithinkitwouldbeworthreading.

問題1選項

A.forefront

B.foreword

C.forehead

D.forename

【答案】B

【解析】forefront"最前線,最前部";foreword"序,前言";forehead"前額,額頭";forename"在姓前面的名"。句意：我沒有讀過那本書,但是僅僅只看了前言我就覺得這本書值得一看。選項B符合句意。

15.單選題

7.

問題1選項

A.Shedisagreeswiththeman.

B.Shecouldn’tagreewiththemanmore.

C.It'shardforthemtofulfilltheirplans.

D.It’simpossibletogetmoneyfromGatesFoundation.

【答案】B

【解析】M:ThismoneyfromtheGatesFoundationwillhelpuswithourplans.

W:Howcoulditnot?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】態(tài)度方向題。女士回答：Howcoulditnot，即她非常同意男士說的。

16.問答題

Therearearound200,000youngpeoplebetweentheagesof11and15smokeintheUK.Itis

A

estimatedthataround20%ofthembuytheircigarettesfromvendingmachines;itavoidsthe

B

C

problemsofface-to-facecontactandtheneedforproofofage.Therewillbeareviewof

vendingmachineswiththepossibilityofpeoplehavingtobuytokenstousethemachines.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;smoking

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。Therebe句型中已包含謂語動詞are，故此處用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系。

17.單選題

LondontodayisthepoliticalandfinancialcapitalofGreatBritain.Itbegan,however,asaRomanstronghold,andfollowingtheRomansdeparture,theAnglo-SaxonsandthentheNormanscontrolledit.Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.Mostofthiscanbeattributedtothecity’seconomicdevelopment.LocatedontheThamesRiverwitheasyaccesstotheNorthSea,Londonbecameacenterofshippingandcommerce.Largecorporationswerebasedthere,whichbroughtfurtherwealth.Finally,whentheIndustrialRevolutionbegan,Londonwastransformedevenmoreandhadbecomethefinancialcenteroftheworldbythenineteenthcentury.

TheRomansconqueredBritainin43A.D.andfoundedLondon—calledLondiniumbythem—asagarrisontown,anditbecameacenterofseabornetradesoonafterward.London’slocationwasideal:ItwascentrallysituatedontheThamesRiverfarfromthecoastbutnotsofarinlandthatshipscouldnotnavigateuprivertoit.Assuch,itbecameacenteroftradeinRomanBritainandmayhavehadasmanyas60,000peopleatitsheight.ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.Anglo-Saxonincursionsledtothereoccupationofthearea,butVikinginvasionsanddecadesofinstabilitymeantthattheregionsawlittleeconomicgrowth.WhentheNormansinvadedfromFrancein1066,theychoseLondontotheircenterofgovernment,whichbeganthecity’srevival.

DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.Londonwaspoisedtotakeadvantageofthisthankstoitsgeographicallocationandpoliticalpower.ThecitycontinuedtogrowinsizeandwealththroughoutthemedievalperiodaswellasduringtheRenaissance.WhenBritainbegantogaincoloniesintheAmericasandelsewhereinthesixteenthcentury,fabulousamountsofmoneystartedfindingtheirwaytoLondon.

Atthattime,mercantilismisthereigningeconomicphilosophyinBritain.ItcalledfortheprotectingofBritishtradebetweenthehomeislandanditscolonies.ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.OneresultofthismercantilistphilosophywasthatextraordinarywealthpouredintoLondon.AtthecenterofallBritisheconomicactivity,Londongrewrapidlyandexpandedinsizeandpopulationduringthistime.

Atthesametime,thefoundingofseveralgreatcompaniesandinstitutionspavedthewayforLondontobecomethecenterofworldtradeandfinance.TheBritishEastIndiaCompany,forinstance,wasgrantedamonopolyontradeinIndia.ItwasbasedinLondon,somanytreasuresfromIndiamadetheirwaythere.Thecompanyhadtoraisemoneyforitsinitialventures,soitsoldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange,whichhaditshumblebeginningsinLondon’scoffeeshops,wheremerchantsgatheredtotradestocksandtolearnfinancialnewsfromaroundtheworld.Otherimportantinstitutions,suchastheBankofEnglandandtheinsurancefirmLloyd’sofLondon,werestartedthenaswell.

Duringtheeighteenthcentury,theIndustrialRevolutioncausedtheBritisheconomicphilosophytochangefrommercantilismtocapitalism.Tradewithoverseascoloniesbecamelessimportantwheninvestorsinfactoriesstartedbecomingrich.Britaininitiatedapolicyoffreetrade,soughttoestablishaworldwidemarket,andtradedproductsfromitsmanufacturingindustrywithanyonewhowouldpurchasethem.Londonwasatthecenterofthiseconomicaction.Thedevelopmentoffaststeamships,thetelegraph,andthetelephoneinthenineteenthcenturyconnectedLondonwiththeentireworld,soitbecametheworld’sfinancialcenter.Itsbankswereusedtotransferfundsworldwide,itsfinancialinstitutionsprovidedcapitalforinvestors,anditsdocksandwarehouseswerefilledwithrawmaterialsandgoodsfromaroundtheworld.Unfortunately,theonsetofWorldWarIin1914broughtthisentiresystemtoahalt.

21.Thewordprimedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

22.Accordingtotheparagraph2,theRomansleftLondonbecause________.

23.Inparagraph3,theauthorusesshipbuildingandmaritimetradeasexampleof________.

24.Theauthor’sdescriptionofmercantilisminparagraph4mentionswhichofthefollowing?

25.Inparagraph5,theauthor’sdescriptionoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanymentionswhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.positioned

B.inspired

C.appointed

D.expected

問題2選項

A.theAnglo-SaxonsinvadedanddefeatedtheRomansinbattle

B.theentireRomanEmpirefell,sotheRomanstheredeparted

C.therewerefeweconomicbenefitstogainbylivingthere

D.theRomanshadnoneedforaseaportsofarnorthofRome

問題3選項

A.twoaspectsofthemedievaleconomyinwhichLondonwasaEuropeanleader

B.thereasonsthatBritainstartedtoacquirethecoloniesintheAmerica

C.theprimaryfactorswhyBritainbecamewealthyduringtheRenaissance

D.reasonsthatLondonstartedtobecomemoreprominentintheMiddleAges

問題4選項

A.Itfocusedonsellinggoodstoothersratherthanpurchasingthem.

B.ItwasaneconomicphilosophythathaditsoriginsinGreatBritain.

C.ItenabledLondontogrowrichattheexpenseofotherBritishcities.

D.ItcontributedtotheBritishcoloniesbeinglesswealthythanthehomeisland.

問題5選項

A.ItplayedamajorroleinthefoundingofastockexchangeinLondon.

B.ThecompanywashighlyeffectiveatkeepingIndiaunderBritishcontrol.

C.ItsstockwasmorevaluablethanthatofanyotherBritishcorporation.

D.SeveralmembersoftheBritishgovernmentwereshareholdersinit.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】21.語義推測題。Prime的意思是“使準備好，使進入狀態(tài)”，根據(jù)第一段第三句Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.（倫敦在中世紀時期大幅增長，到了16世紀，預(yù)計將成為增長速度史無前例的經(jīng)濟中心。），因為倫敦在中世紀時期大幅增長，所以有了后面成為增長速度史無前例的經(jīng)濟中心的結(jié)果，這里有一個推斷關(guān)系，所以D選項“預(yù)期”符合題意。A選項“放置”，B選項“鼓舞”和C選項“委任”不符合題意，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

22.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.（但五世紀羅馬帝國的衰落導致羅馬人放棄了不列顛，所以有一段時間，倫敦實際上是空的。），羅馬帝國的衰落讓羅馬人離開倫敦，所以B選項“整個羅馬帝國滅亡了，所以那里的羅馬人離開了”正確，A選項“盎格魯?撒克遜人入侵并打敗了羅馬人”，C選項“住在那里幾乎沒有什么經(jīng)濟利益”和D選項“羅馬人不需要在羅馬北部這樣偏遠的地方建海港”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.（中世紀中后期，倫敦作為一個城鎮(zhèn)和經(jīng)濟中心擴張，由于造船和海上貿(mào)易的增加，歐洲世界變得更加聯(lián)系緊密。），可知英國在中世紀變成經(jīng)濟中心是因為造船和海上貿(mào)易，所以D選項“倫敦在中世紀開始變得更加突出的原因”正確。A選項“在中世紀，倫敦在這兩個方面的經(jīng)濟是歐洲的領(lǐng)導者”不是表達的重點，而且文章的意思是英國經(jīng)濟在總體上在歐洲領(lǐng)先，故錯誤。B選項“英國開始在美洲獲得殖民地的原因”和C選項“英國在文藝復(fù)興時期變得富有的主要因素”這里沒有提到，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

24.事實細節(jié)題。A選項“注重于向別人銷售商品而不是購買商品”：根據(jù)第四段第四句Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.（其主要目標是實現(xiàn)貿(mào)易順差和積累黃金和白銀。），可知是注重出口，也就是注重銷售，所以正確。B選項“這是起源于英國的經(jīng)濟哲學”：mercantilismisthereigningeconomic（重商主義是英國占統(tǒng)治地位的經(jīng)濟哲學），這里并沒有表示這起源于英國，故錯誤。C選項“讓倫敦以犧牲其他英國城市為代價而致富”：根據(jù)第四段第三句ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.（政府因此頒布了對進口商品征稅的法律，保護英國的貿(mào)易。），可知英國同時保護本土與殖民地的貿(mào)易，故錯誤。D選項“讓英國殖民地不如本國島富?！保何恼聸]有提到，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

25.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第四、五句Thecompany…soldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange（該公司……出售股票，讓投資者分得它正在積累的部分財富。這幫助建立了倫敦證券交易所），可知東印度公司出售股票的舉動推動建立倫敦證券交易所，所以A選項“在倫敦證券交易所的建立中發(fā)揮了重要作用”正確。B選項“非常有效地將印度置于英國的控制之下”，C選項“其股票比任何其他英國公司的股票更有價值”和D選項“英國政府的幾個成員是它的股東”文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

18.單選題

Althoughtheexaminationhepassedwasnotimportant,hissuccess_______himinhisambitiontobecomeadoctor.

問題1選項

A.persuaded

B.urged

C.convinced

D.encouraged

【答案】D

【解析】persuaded勸說；urged催促，慫恿；convinced使相信；encouraged激勵，鼓舞。句意：雖然這個考試并不重要，但他的成功極大地鼓舞了他想要成為一名醫(yī)生的理想。選項D符合句意。

19.單選題

（

）thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

問題1選項

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝。so…that和such…that句型中，so和such放于句首時，句子部分倒裝。故A項正確。句意：建筑機器人是如此聰明以至于它們最終減少了建筑工地上需要的90%的勞動力。

20.翻譯題

Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.

Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.

Leadersareflexibleratherthandogmatic.Theybelieveinunityratherthanconformity.Andtheystrivetoachieveconsensusoutofconflict.

Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Leadermaketherightthingshappenwhenthey’resupposedto.

Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization.Fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,aspirationsandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturn.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.

【答案】成功的領(lǐng)導者無論在情感上還是在理智上都著眼于未來，而不是執(zhí)著于過去。他們渴望創(chuàng)新，積極開拓。他們不滿足于現(xiàn)狀，他們想要前進去創(chuàng)造新事物。

領(lǐng)導者不僅提供指導也提供答案，不僅給予力量而且樂于奉獻，他們說話既根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，也根據(jù)他們對所面臨的問題和一起共事的人的理解。

領(lǐng)導者處事靈活而不武斷。他們相信的是團結(jié)而不是隨波逐流。他們力圖在沖突中達成共識。

領(lǐng)導力在于讓人們始終盡顯其能，幫助他們最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的潛力，并激勵他們朝著共同的目標而努力。領(lǐng)導者在必要的時候能做出正確的決斷。

一個好的領(lǐng)導者，一個卓有成效的領(lǐng)導者，是一個尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必須先尊重他人。一個尊重組織上各級員工，尊重他們的工作、能力、愿望和需求的領(lǐng)導者也會得到他人的尊重。所有這些都會激勵大家共同努力。

21.單選題

Standinginlinehasneverbeenapopularactivity,buttodayitseemsthatAmericansarelikelytobemoreimpatientaboutwaitinginlinethantheyhavebeenin20years.AccordingtoarecentLouisHarrissurvey,Americans’leisuretimehasshrunkby37percentinthelasttwodecades.Withleisuretimemorevaluable,theopportunitycostofwaitinginlinesismuchhigher.

Businessesrecognizethatpeoplechoosetheirproductsonthebasisofthefullopportunitycost,notjustthepriceofthegoodsorservice.Bykeepingcustomerswaitingbusinessesmaybelosingcustomers.Theyarefindingthatpeoplewillchooseoneestablishmentoveranotherbecauseshorterlines.Asaresult,businessesarefocusingontheirmarketingeffortsonwhatmarketerscalltimeutility-providingproductsandservicesinwaysthatdonotconsumevaluabletimeorprovidingvaluestooffsetthetimelosses.Whenthemultiple-linesapproachisusedinbanksandstores,peoplegetfrustratedbecausetheyoftenfindthemselvesintheslowestline.Singlelinesdonotmoveanyquicker,buttheyreducethevarianceofthewaitandthusreducefrustrations.Customerscanlineupbehindthetellerorclerkortheirchoice;orinonelinethatallowsthefirstpersoninlinetogotothenextavailableserver-calledasingle-serverline.Asaresult,mosttypesofbusinessesinwhichseveralservicepeoplehandlecustomershaveswitchedtothesingle-serverline.

Firmshavetriedseveralotherapproachestodealingwithlines.ChemicalBankbeganaprogramwhereanycustomerwhohadtowaitinatellerlineformorethansevenminuteswasgiven$5.HospitalemergencyroomsinLosGatos,California,nowoffera“NoWaiting”guarantee:Ifyouwaitlongerthanfiveminutesforemergency-roomcare,thebillingdepartmentknocks25percentoffyourbill.TheManhattanSavingsBankoffersliveentertainmentduringnoontimebankinghours.Somehotelsandofficebuildingshavemirrorsontheirelevatordoorsinanattempttodistractpeoplewhilewaiting.

Sometimesjusttellingpeoplehowlongtheyhavetowaitcheersthemup.Disneylandhashadtolearntocomfortthoseinline,sinceapopularattractionlikeStarTourscanattractasmanyas1,800peopleinaline.Likemanyamusementparks,Disneylandprovidedentertainmentforthosestandinginline,butitalsogivespeopleupdates,intheformofsigns,noting“fromthispoint,onthewaitis30minutes'Distractionssuchasthesecanhelppeopleforgethowtheycouldbespendingtheirtimeiftheyweren’twaitinginline.

1.Whichisthebesttitleforthisessay?

2.Whatisthemainideaoftheentireessay?

3.Peopleprefersingle-serverlinesbecause（）.

4.Wecaninferfromtheessaythat（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFalse?

問題1選項

A.PreciousLeisureTime.

B.Single-serverLine.

C.NoWaitingGuarantee.

D.TheOpportunityCostofWaiting.

問題2選項

A.Peoplearemoreimpatientthantheyusedtobebecausetheyhavelessleisuretime.

B.Businessestrytoattractcustomersbydecreasingwaitingtime.

C.Timecanbeconsideredpartoftheopportunitycostofaproductorservice.

D.Banks,storesandotherbusinesseshaveintroducedsingle-serverlinesandentertainmentforcustomerswaitinginline.

問題3選項

A.theymovequicker

B.theyoffermoredistractions

C.theyreducefrustrations

D.theyadd