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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-平頂山文化藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

WheneverTomcomesacrossaseriousproblem,helikesto()it,namely,tothinkitaboutcarefullyandforalongtime.

問題1選項

A.contend

B.contempt

C.contemplate

D.content

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。contend“主張”;contempt“輕視,蔑視,恥辱”,名詞;contemplate“沉思,注視”;content“使?jié)M足”。根據(jù)thinkitaboutcarefullyandforalongtime(仔細(xì)并長時間地思考它)可知“沉思”符合,因此選項C符合題意。

2.翻譯題

Ihavealwaysdislikedbeingaman.1.ThewholeideaofmanhoodinAmericaispitiful,inmyopinion.Eventheexpression“Beaman!”strikesmeasinsultingandabusive.Itmeans:Bestupid,beunfeeling,obedient,soldierlyandstopthinking.Manmeans“manly”—howcanonethinkaboutmenwithoutconsideringtheterribleambitionofmanliness?Andyetitispartofeveryman’slife.Itisahideousandcripplinglie;itnotonlyinsistsondifferenceandconnivesatsuperiority,itisalsobyitsverynaturedestructive—emotionallydamagingandsociallyharmful.

Itisveryhardtoimagineanyconceptofmanlinessthatdoesnotbelittlewomen,anditbeginsveryearly.AtanagewhenIwantedtomeetgirls—let’ssaythetreacherousyearsofthirteentosixteen—Iwastoldtotakeupasport,getmorefreshair,andIwasurgednottoreadsomuch.Ifyouaskedtoomanyquestionsaboutsexyouweresenttocamp—aboy’scamp,ofcourse:thenightmare.Nothingismoreunnaturalorprison-likethanaboy’scamp.

2.ItoughttobeclearbynowthatIhavesomethingofanobjectiontothewayweturnboysintomen.ItdoesnotsurprisemethatwhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStateshashiscustomaryweekendoffhedresseslikeacowboy—itisbothameasureofhisinsecurityandhiswillingnesstoplease.Inmanyways,AmericanculturedoeslittlemoreforamanthanpreparehimformodelingclothesintheL.L.Beancatalogue.

Therewasafearthatwritingwasnotamanlyprofession-indeed,notaprofessionatall.TheparadoxinAmericanlettersisthatithasalwaysbeeneasierforawomantowriteandforamantobepublished.3.Writingisonlymanlywhenitproduceswealth—moneyismasculinity.Soisdrinking,particularlytheabilitytodrinkanothermanunderthetable.AmaninAmericahastokilllions,huntducks,andcarryenoughknivesandgunsonhisshoulders,toprovethatheisjustasmuchamonsterasthenextman.Everythinginstereotypedmanlinessgoesagainstthelifeofthemind.

4.Therewouldbenopointinsayinganyofthisifitwerenotgenerallyacceptedthattobeamanissomehow—evennowinfeminist-influencedAmerica—aprivilege.Itisonthecontraryanunmercifulandpunishingburden.Beingamanisbadenough;beingmanlyisappalling.Itisthesinistersillinessofmen’sfashions,andaclubbyattitudeinthearts.Itisthesubversionofgoodstudents.Itistheso-called“DressCode”oftheRitz-CarltonHotelinBoston,anditistheinstitutionalizedcheatingincollegesports.Itisthemostprimitiveinsecurity.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.在我看來,美國的整個男子漢思想是很可憐的。就連“做個男子漢!”這樣的表達(dá)也讓我覺得是一種侮辱和謾罵。它意味著愚蠢、冷酷、順從、像士兵一樣魯莽,還指不愿意思考。男人意味著“有男子氣概”——人們在思考男人的時候怎么能不考慮男子氣概的可怕野心呢?

2.我有點反對我們把男孩變成男人的方式。到目前為止,這一點應(yīng)該十分清楚。我絲毫不感到奇怪,美國總統(tǒng)在周末例行休假的時候,把自己打扮成牛仔——這既說明他沒有安全感又說明他想討好別人。

3.寫作只有在產(chǎn)生財富時才有男人味。有錢才有男人味。酗酒也意味著男人味,讓另一個男人喝趴下的能力尤其如此。美國男人必須捕殺獅子、獵取野鴨、肩上扛滿刀槍,以證明他像別的男人一樣殘忍??贪逵∠笾心腥藲飧诺囊磺卸疾焕谛闹巧?。

4.即便是在受女權(quán)主義影響的美國,做男人也是一種特權(quán)。如果不是由于這種觀念被世人廣為認(rèn)同,那談上述情況就毫無意義了。相反,做男人是一個過重的、帶有懲罰性質(zhì)的負(fù)擔(dān)。身為男人糟糕透頂,有男子氣概則讓人心驚膽戰(zhàn)。

3.單選題

InauguratedasecondtimeonMarch4,1901,(

)focusedondomesticratherthanforeignpolicies.

問題1選項

A.WilliamMcKinley’snewtermlookedforwardtoand

B.thenewtermlookedforwardtoWilliamMcKinleyand

C.lookingforwardtoanewtermwasWilliamMcKinley

D.WilliamMcKinleylookedforwardtoanewterm

【答案】D

【解析】句意:威廉?麥金利于1901年3月4日第二次就職,他期待一個新的主要集中于國內(nèi)事務(wù)而不是外交政策的階段。

語法題。考查動詞過去分詞。句中前半句Inaugurated為Inaugurat的過去分詞作時間狀語。因此后半句為主句,而且主語為人,排除B、C。A項中l(wèi)ookforwardto后而應(yīng)跟名詞或動名詞。故選D。

4.單選題

London’sHeathrowAirportisnotoriousforqueuesanddelays.Whyisthishappeningandwhatcanyoudotoavoidthefrustration?

InthefilmCatchMeIfYouCan,LeonardoDiCaprioplaysadashingyoungconartistwhofoolsanairlineintobelievingheisoneoftheircaptains.Hestrollsthroughasleekandfuturisticairterminalflankedbyagaggleofstewardesses,hisprogressserene.Themessageisclear:Airtravelisglamorous,sexyandatotalbreeze.

CuttoHeathrow,2007,andwhatisstilltheworld’slargestairport(bypassengernumbers)isstretchedtobreakingpoint,besetbydelaysandhamperedbyacreakinginfrastructure.KenLivingstone,London’sgarrulousMayor,saystheairportis“shamingLondon”.Howdiditcometothis?

Inasense,Heathrow’skeyroleinthedevelopmentofBritain’s(andtheworld’s)aviationindustryhasbeenitsundoing.Firstopenedtocommercialfightsin1946,Heathrowhasalwaysbeentherefirst;consequently,ithasinheritedalegacyofagingterminalbuildings.ThenSeptember11happened,andsecurityprotocolswentthroughtheroof.The2005Londonbombingsdidn’thelpmatters.

ThequeuestoclearHeathrow’ssecuritycantakehourstoclear,especiallywhennotalltheX-raymachinesareopen.Attheotherendoftheprocess,passengershavefacedseeminglynever-endingwaitsforluggage.ArecentAssociationofEuropeanAirlinesreportshowedthatbetweenAprilandJunethisyeartheluggagesystematHeathrowbrokedown11times.

TheBritishgovernment,spurredonbyangryairlines,passengergroupsandanincreasinglyvocalmedia,hasannouncedanenquiryintohowtheairportisrun.Heathrow,likesevenothermajorairportsintheUK,isrunbytheBritishAirportsAuthority(BAA),whohasbeenaccusedofputtingtheprofitsfromthevastshoppingmallsineachterminalbeforeinvestmentinsecurityandstaff.Ryanair,BritishAirwaysandtheheadoftheInternationalAirTransportAssociationhaveallcriticizedtherunningoftheairport,blamingunder-investment.

AspokesmanforHeathrownotesthatallmaynotbelostquiteyet.Ninety-sevenpercentofpassengersgetthroughsecurityafterlessthan10minutesofqueuing.ThebaggagerulesforusingUKairportshavebeenthesameforawhilenow,sotravelersshouldbegettingusedtotheplasticbagsandoneitemofhand-luggagerule.AndBAAisrecommendingthatpeopledon’tturnupearlierthantheyshould—threehoursforlong-haul,twoforshorthauland90minutesfordomesticshouldbefine.Heathrowhasalsoemployed500newsecuritystaffandopenedninenewsecuritylanesthisyear.

Andthenthere’sTerminalFive,thegleaming,light-filledRichardRodgerscreation,completewithalandscapedcivicspace,duetoopeninMarch2008.ItwillbeBritishAirways’newhomeandshouldtakethepressureofftherestoftheairport.FarmoresuitableforaLeonardo-stylesashay.

1.Leonardo’sperformanceconveystheideathatairtravelis().

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

3.Itcantakehourstopasstheairportsecurity,especiallywhen().

4.Who’stoblamefortheunder-investmentinBritishairports?

5.AccordingtoBAA,whenshoulddomesticpassengersarriveattheairport?

問題1選項

A.enchanting

B.dangerous

C.frustrating

D.time-consuming

問題2選項

A.HeathrowAirporthasthelargestsurfaceareaintheworld.

B.Thesignificantpositionoftheairportinhistoryhasbecomethemaincauseforitspresentsituation.

C.HeathrowAirportisabouttocollapseasaresultofhugepassengernumbers.

D.Theairportisdeterminedtorenovateitsoldterminalbuildings.

問題3選項

A.onlysomeoftheX-raymachinesareopen

B.alltheX-raymachinesareshutdown

C.luggagecheckedoverandoveragain

D.theluggagesystembreaksdown

問題4選項

A.BritishAirportsAuthority.

B.AssociationofEuropeanAirlines.

C.HeathrowAirport.

D.InternationalAirTransportAssociation.

問題5選項

A.1hoursbeforeboarding.

B.2hoursbeforeboarding.

C.3hoursbeforeboarding.

D.1.5hoursbeforeboarding.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Leonardo”可以定位到文章第二段,第二段最后一句說到Themessageisclear:Airtravelisglamorous,sexyandatotalbreeze.(傳達(dá)出的信息很明確:航空旅行是充滿魅力、性感和輕松的。),說明萊昂納多的表演傳達(dá)了航空旅行是迷人的。因此A選項“令人神往的”正確。B選項“危險的”,C選項“令人沮喪的”,D選項“耗時的”均不符合文章表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,所以B,C,D錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)argest”可以定位到文章第三段第一句whatisstilltheworld’slargestairport(bypassengernumbers)(按乘客數(shù)量計算是世界上最大的機場),說明希思羅機場的世界最大是按照乘客數(shù)量計算的,而不是面積,所以A選項“希思羅機場是世界上面積最大的機場”錯誤。由C選項關(guān)鍵詞“collapse”可以定位到文章第三段第一句isstretchedtobreakingpoint,besetbydelaysandhamperedbyacreakinginfrastructure(被延誤和老化的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施所困擾,已經(jīng)到了崩潰的邊緣),說明希思羅機場瀕臨崩潰的原因是延誤和老化的設(shè)施,而不是旅客數(shù)量,所以C選項“希思羅機場因旅客數(shù)量巨大而即將崩潰”錯誤。D選項“機場決心對老舊航站樓進(jìn)行改造”在文中沒有提及,所以D錯誤。由B選項關(guān)鍵詞“significantposition”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Heathrow’skeyroleinthedevelopmentofBritain’s(andtheworld’s)aviationindustryhasbeenitsundoing.(希思羅機場在英國,乃至世界航空工業(yè)發(fā)展中的關(guān)鍵作用導(dǎo)致了它的毀滅。),說明導(dǎo)致希思羅機場現(xiàn)狀的原因是它的在歷史上的關(guān)鍵作用。因此B選項“機場在歷史上的重要地位成為造成其現(xiàn)狀的主要原因”正確。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“airportsecurity”可以定位到文章第五段第一句ThequeuestoclearHeathrow’ssecuritycantakehourstoclear,especiallywhennotalltheX-raymachinesareopen.(希思羅機場安檢的長隊可能需要數(shù)小時才能通過,尤其是當(dāng)X光機沒有全部開放的時候。),說明只開放了部分X光機時,安檢排隊時間尤為漫長。因此A選項“只有部分X光機是開放的”正確。B選項“所有的X光機都被關(guān)閉”,C選項“反復(fù)檢查行李”在文中均沒有提及,所以B,C錯誤。D選項“行李系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障”是希思羅機場的問題之一,但原文沒有說它是造成安檢時間特別漫長的原因,所以D錯誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段第二句Heathrow,likesevenothermajorairportsintheUK,isrunbytheBritishAirportsAuthority(BAA),whohasbeenaccusedofputtingtheprofitsfromthevastshoppingmallsineachterminalbeforeinvestmentinsecurityandstaff.(希思羅機場和英國其他七家主要機場一樣,都是由英國機場管理局運營的,該管理局被指責(zé)把每個航站樓的大型購物中心的利潤放在安全和員工投資之前。),說明英國機場投資不足是英國機場管理局之過。因此A選項“英國機場管理局”正確。B選項“歐洲航空公司協(xié)會”,C選項“希思羅機場”,D選項“國際航空運輸協(xié)會”均不符合題意,所以B,C,D錯誤。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第七段第四句AndBAAisrecommendingthatpeopledon’tturnupearlierthantheyshould—threehoursforlong-haul,twoforshorthauland90minutesfordomesticshouldbefine.(BAA建議乘客不要早到——長途登機前3小時,短途登機前2小時,國內(nèi)航班登機前90分鐘就可以了。),說明國內(nèi)航班的旅客應(yīng)在登機前90分鐘到達(dá)機場。因此D選項“登機前1.5小時”正確。A選項“登機前1小時”,B選項“登機前2小時”,C選項“登機前3小時”均不符合題意,所以A,B,C錯誤。

5.單選題

Iyousomewherebefore,butyournamehasescapedme().

問題1選項

A.mustsee;foramoment

B.musthaveseen;foramoment

C.mustsee:forthemoment

D.musthaveseen;forthemoment

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我之前肯定看見過你,但是想不出你的名字。

語法題??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞和短語辨析。前半句表示對過去發(fā)生的事的肯定推斷。因此,前面填“musthaveseen”表示“已經(jīng)看見過”。foramoment表示“(延續(xù)了)一會兒”而forthemoment則表示“目前;暫時”。因此D符合句意。

6.單選題

Theloudestoutcry(吶喊)aboutpovertyseemedtocomeinthewealthiestcountry-byfar-intheworld.Accordingtomostcalculations,throughmostofthe1945-1970periodtheUnitedStateshadastandardoflivingwellaboveEurope'sandmanytimesabovetheworldaverage.Yetprotestsaboutgrindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStatesthanfromcountrieswithone-fortiethoftheirlivingstandard.(AnannualpercapitaincomeofeightdollarsistypicalofmuchofAfricaandAsiaandnotalittleofSouthAmerica.)Itwouldseemstrangetothesepeople(weretheyonlyawareofthefact)thatAmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobesothatthemoneythussavedcanbespentraisingthestandardoflivingofunderprivilegedAmericans.

Whatthislastpointsuggestsisnotsomuchthathumanwantsarenevertobesatisfiedthoughthisisdoubtlesstrue,andtheAmericanlivinginsuburbdeprivedofhissecondcarandhiscolorTVsuffersjustasacutelyasanAfricanfarmerinneedofasecondcowandascreendoor.Rather,itsuggeststheextentofcontemporarybreach(違反)ofsocialnorms(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))一theemancipation(解放)oftheindividualself.Peoplehavelearnedthattheirwantsaresacredandrightsoughttobesatisfied.Theyhavelearnedtoconsideranyobstacletopersonalfulfillmentandintolerableinsult.Theyhavegreatlyexpandedthecircleofselfawareness.Theynolongeracceptsharplimitationsonindividualdesiresinthenameofthegroup.Theamountofpotentialhumandiscontenthasalwaysbeeninfinite—misery,failure,misfitting,bitterness,hatred,envybeyondtelling.Ithasusuallyfailedofutterance,andinthepastitwasacceptedpassivelyasbeingbeyondhelp.

1.Accordingtothepassage,mostcomplaintsoverapoorlivingstandardweremadebythosewhocamefrom()

2.TheaverageincomeforeachAmericanayearduringthe1960swasmostlikelyintheneighborhoodof().

3.InordertoimprovethestandardoflivingofpoorAmericans,theextremistsintheStatesdemand().

4.Therealcauseforthemostfortunatepeopletoprotestaboutpovertyliesin().

5.Fromthelastsentence,itcanbesafelyinferredthatoutcryaboutpovertyineffectinvolvespeoples'().

問題1選項

A.theUnitedStates

B.Asiancountries

C.theEuropeanCommunity

D.CommonwealthofNations

問題2選項

A.1,120dollars

B.40dollars

C.320dollars

D.80dollars

問題3選項

A.afulltaxreliefoncitizenslivingoverseas

B.astoptoarmsraceagainstnationsfaraway

C.acutinfinancialassistancetopoorcountries

D.afavorablebalanceoftradewithforeigncountries

問題4選項

A.addedconsciousnessofself

B.theireconomicstatus

C.limitationsofhumannature

D.conflictinclassinterests

問題5選項

A.abilitytosufferahardlife

B.understandingoftheirrights

C.politicalattitudetowardthegovernment

D.wholeoutlookondifferentlifestyles

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句"...grindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStates..."對極度貧困、饑餓和可怕需求的抗議更多地來自美國。選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段第三句,對極度貧困、饑餓和可怕需求的抗議更多地來自美國,而不是那些生活水平只有美國四十分之一的國家。(非洲和亞洲大部分地區(qū)的年人均收入通常為8美元,南美也不例外。)所以美國年人均收入為320美元。

3.根據(jù)第一段最后一句"...AmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobe..."美國激進(jìn)分子要求美國放棄對世界上那些遙遠(yuǎn)國家的承諾,這樣節(jié)省下來的錢就可以用來提高美國貧困人口的生活水平。也就是說減少對貧窮國家的財政援助。選項C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段的三四五句"Peoplehavelearnedthat...selfawareness."人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到他們的需要是神圣的,權(quán)利應(yīng)該得到滿足。他們學(xué)會了考慮個人成就和無法忍受的侮辱帶來的任何障礙。他們極大地擴展了自我意識的圈子。選項A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)句意:它通常無法表達(dá),在過去,人們被動地接受它,認(rèn)為它毫無用處。由此可推斷,"它"指的是人們吃苦耐勞的能力,所以選項A正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

7.單選題

Asthenoiseoutsidethehallincreased,weall()towardsthespeaker,strainingtohearhim.

問題1選項

A.inclined

B.leaned

C.slanted

D.sloped

【答案】A

【解析】句意:因為大廳外面的喧鬧聲愈來愈大,我們大家都向發(fā)言人側(cè)過身子,竭力聽清他的發(fā)言。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。incline(使)傾向于;(使)傾斜,常用搭配;inclineto/towardssth.;lean前俯(或后仰);傾斜;倚靠,常用搭配:leanagainst/onsth.;slant(使)傾斜,歪斜;slope傾斜;有坡度。因此,四個選項都有“傾斜”之意。但是,空格處單詞要能與介詞towards搭配。因此選A項。

8.翻譯題

PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Inindustrializedcountries,machinesaccomplishtheverytiringphysicalworkthatunskilledlaborersusedtodoinbothmanufacturingandagriculture.

Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarblebutstillhavingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.

Aboveall,weshouldavoiddecidingwhatwethinkaboutpeopledifferentfromourselveswithoutfirsthavinglearnedagreatdealaboutthemandthekindoflivestheyhavetolive.

Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesuffering,thatthereisnochanceofacure,andthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.

Engineersworkingonotheradvancesaredesigningandexperimentingwithnewtypesofmetalhandsandfingers,givingrobotsasenseoftouch.

Electricpowerwastooimportanttohumanbeings.Shuttingitoffforevenashorttimewouldhavelettocompleteconfusion.

Successfulparentingbeginsbycommunicatingtochildrenthattheybelong,andarelovedfornootherreasonthanjustbecausetheyexist.

Withoutahealthyself-esteemtheymaycopebyactingoutproblemsratherthantalkingthemoutorbywithdrawingandremainingindifferenttowardthemselvesandothers.

Evidenceofthemoderationofthemajorpartiesisthatmuchbusinessisconductedacrosspartylines.

Ithasbeenfoundthatday-dreamingimprovesaperson’sabilitytobebetteradaptedtopractical,immediateconcerns,tosolveeverydayproblems,andtocomeupmorereadilywithnewideas.

【答案】在工業(yè)化國家,機器完成相當(dāng)繁重的體力活,即非技術(shù)工人曾經(jīng)在制造業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)所做的工作。

設(shè)想一下地球縮小到玻璃彈子的大小,但仍然有同樣的質(zhì)量和重力,你就能對黑洞的力量有所了解了。

重要的是,在對與我們不同的人以及他們所過的生活有足夠的了解之前,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)避免先入為主。

準(zhǔn)則規(guī)定,當(dāng)病人承受著極大的痛苦,沒有治愈的可能,并且再三要求的情況下才能服用安樂死。

力爭在其他方而有所突破的工程技術(shù)人員正在設(shè)計和試驗新型金屬手臂和手指,使機器人具有觸覺。

電力對人類非常重要。短時間的電源切斷都可能導(dǎo)致整體混亂。

成功的育兒之道源于讓孩子知道,他們屬于這個家庭,他們被寵愛,不因為別的,只因為他們自身的存在。

由于沒有健康的自尊心,他們在處理問題時,不是提出問題,而是用行動把問題表現(xiàn)出來,或是退縮以及采取對自己和他人保持冷漠的態(tài)度。

主要政黨采取溫和的政策,證據(jù)是許多事務(wù)都是超越黨派界限進(jìn)行的。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn),做白日夢能提高一個人的能力,使其能更好地適應(yīng)實踐性和緊急性的事務(wù),來解決日常問題,并且能更快想出新的辦法。

9.翻譯題

Direction:TranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

Onceanemployeewantstoworkabroadhemusthaveaclearmindthathissuccessandexpertisehomedonotmeanhecancontinuehisexcellenceathisoverseasbranchbecauseoftheculturalenvironmentaswellashisadaptability.ThinkingdifferenceinsteadofprofessionalexperienceplaysanimportantroleforU.S.businesspeoplesuccessatforeignmarket.Values,attitude,andbuyingpreferenceandtheirrelatedinformationhavetobeadaptedandalteredfromtopmanagementtoaverageworkersinthecourseoftappingforeignmarkets.Forinternationalbusiness,thefirmsinU.S.havetoredeterminetheirmarketingstrategyandtacticswhichgenerallycontrarytowhattheyhavedoneattheirhomemarketsbasedontheirknowledgeofthetargetingcountries’culturecontext.Americanbusinesspersonshavetounderstandthatculturalvariableinfluenceinternationalbusinessenterprisessotheyarerequiredtoplacehighlyprioritytocommunicatewiththeforeignpeopleformutualunderstandingbesidestheirbusinessactivities.

【答案】如果一名員工想出國工作,他必須要弄清楚的是,由于文化環(huán)境的差異和他自身適應(yīng)能力的影響,他在國內(nèi)的成功和專業(yè)并不能保證他能在國外的分公司也一樣的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)秀。在國外市場上,美國商務(wù)人員的成功取決于思維差異而不是專業(yè)經(jīng)驗。在開發(fā)國外市場的進(jìn)程中,價值觀、態(tài)度和購買偏好以及與這些相關(guān)的信息從高層主管到普通職工之間不盡相同,需要我們?nèi)ミm應(yīng)。在國際商務(wù)中,美國的企業(yè)需要根據(jù)他們對目標(biāo)國文化的了解來重新調(diào)整他們的市場策略與戰(zhàn)術(shù),這些戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)常會與他們在國內(nèi)市場采用的相反。美國的商人必須了解文化差異對國際企業(yè)的影響,所以他們需要高度重視與外國朋友在商業(yè)活動外的交流,以促進(jìn)相互理解。

10.單選題

Britain’sChannelFourtelevisionsenthimtoNewYorktodoa(n)()interviewforits“TheWord”programme.

問題1選項

A.alive

B.lively

C.live

D.living

【答案】C

【解析】考查形似詞詞義辨析。alive“活著的”;lively“活潑的”;live“實況轉(zhuǎn)播的”;living“活的;現(xiàn)存的”。句意:英國第四頻道電視欄目送他去紐約為他們的“世界”欄目做現(xiàn)場采訪。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Starstwinkle()theturbulentstateoftheairthroughwhichtheirlightpasses.

問題1選項

A.inspiteof

B.asaresultof

C.inadditionto

D.withregardto

【答案】B

【解析】句意:星星的閃爍是由星光穿過湍流狀態(tài)的空氣而形成的。

考查短語辨析。inspiteof盡管,不管,不顧;asaresultof因此,由于;inadditionto除…之外;withregardto關(guān)于,至于。因此B符合句意。

12.單選題

Becausethedemandofcoaldecreased,manyminersbecame().

問題1選項

A.indignant

B.extraneous

C.immaterial

D.redundant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項indignant“憤憤不平的”;B選項extraneous“外來的;沒有關(guān)聯(lián)的”;C選項immaterial“非物質(zhì)的;無形的;不重要的;非實質(zhì)的”;D選項redundant“多余的,過剩的;被解雇的,失業(yè)的;冗長的”。句意:因為煤炭的需求下降,所以很多煤礦工人變得失業(yè)。結(jié)合句意,判斷出選項D正確。

13.單選題

)findoutwhothemurdererwas.

問題1選項

A.Notuntilthelastpageofthebookyou’ll

B.Notuntilthelastpageofthebookyouwon’t

C.Notuntilthelastpageofthebookyouwill

D.Untilthelastpageofthebookwillyou

【答案】D

【解析】考查部分倒裝。當(dāng)until,notuntil位于句首時,主句要部分到賬,即將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞移至主語前。

句意:直到讀到這本書的最后一頁,你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)誰是兇手。

14.單選題

Ihopeyoudon’tthinkI’m()butI’vehadtheelectricfireonformostoftheday.

問題1選項

A.exquisite

B.extravagant

C.exotic

D.eccentric

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項exquisite“精致的”;B選項extravagant“浪費的”;C選項exotic“異國的”;D選項eccentric“古怪的”。句意:我?guī)缀跻徽於奸_著電爐,希望你不會覺得我浪費。本句表示開一天電爐很浪費,因此B選項正確。

15.翻譯題

兩根平行的(parallel)橡皮筋(rubberband)所提供的力為一根橡皮筋的兩倍。

【答案】Twoparallelrubberbandsprovidetwiceasmuchforceasonerubberband.

16.單選題

Mostimportantly,suchanexperiencehelps(

)aheightenedsensitivitytootherculturesandwillbringaboutagreaterappreciationofone’sowncultureaswell.

問題1選項

A.coach

B.forsake

C.foster

D.censor

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。foster“培養(yǎng),促進(jìn)”;coach“訓(xùn)練,指導(dǎo)”;forsake意為“遺棄,拋棄”;censor意為“審查,檢查”。句意:最重要的是,這樣的經(jīng)歷能促使人們對其他文化的感受性,并使他們更欣賞自己的文化。選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

Inmanycountriestobaccoandmedicinearegovernment().

問題1選項

A.control

B.monopoly

C.business

D.belongings

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指政府壟斷,選項B符合語境。

18.單選題

Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia(

)inSanFrancisco.

問題1選項

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。previously“以前,預(yù)先”;predominantly“主要地”;practically“實際地”;permanently“永久地,長期不變地”。句意:超過三分之一的住在美國的中國人主要住在舊金山。選項B符合題意。

19.單選題

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof"fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M.andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat~andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnondurableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear~about64itemsperperson~andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes―andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieves

lastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordto.

1.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher(

).

2.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto

).

3.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

).

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

5.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

問題1選項

A.poorbargainingskill

B.insensitivitytofashion

C.obsessionwithhighfashion

D.lackofimagination

問題2選項

A.combatunnecessarywaste

B.shutoutthefeverishfashionworld

C.resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements

D.shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently

問題3選項

A.accusation

B.enthusiasm

C.indifference

D.tolerance

問題4選項

A.Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

B.Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

C.Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

D.Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

問題5選項

A.Satireonanextravagantlifestyle

B.Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth

C.Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry

D.Exposureofamass-marketsecret

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Priestlycriticizesherassistant定位至第一段:Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther(在2006年的電影版‘穿普拉達(dá)的女王’中,由MerylStreep扮演的MirandaPriestly因猜想高級時尚沒有影響自己沒有魅力的助手而斥責(zé)她),因此可推知B項“對時尚不敏感”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable―meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat—andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks(這些服裝品牌慫恿有時尚意識的'消費者將衣服看成是一次性的(意味著只洗一次或兩次,盡管這些品牌沒有做那樣的廣告),且每隔幾周就去更新自己的服裝)。因此D項“更頻繁地為自己買衣服”正確。

3.詞義題。單詞“indictment”后面的句子提到:Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat―andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks(這些服裝品牌公恵有時尚意識的消級者將衣服看成是一次性的(意味著只洗一次或兩次,盡管這些品牌沒有做那樣的廣告),且每隔幾周就去更新自己的服裝)。因此推測“indictment”在這里有“控告”的意思;故選A。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段:Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordto(虛榮心是一種不變的事物;人們在自己不能承擔(dān)去購買東西時才會開始更可持續(xù)性地購物)。由此可推知D項“價格對有利于環(huán)境的購物是至關(guān)重要的”正確。

5.主旨大意題。由全文主要圍繞“批評快時尚行業(yè)浪費資源、勞動力,且污染環(huán)境”進(jìn)行分析和論述可推知C項“批評快速時尚行業(yè)”正確。

20.單選題

Intoday’sworkingworldtherolesofmenandwomenarebecoming().

問題1選項

A.dwarfed

B.incorporated

C.correlated

D.blurred

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項dwarfed“矮小的”;B選項incorporated“合并的”;C選項correlated“有互相關(guān)系的”;D選項blurred“模糊的,記不清的”。句意:在當(dāng)今的工作世界中,男性和女性的角色正變得越來越()。按照選項和題干的意思,可以判斷出此處想要表達(dá)的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的(邊界)變得越來越模糊?!币虼薉選項符合題意。

21.單選題

Researchcanhavenoeconomicimpactifthenewscientificdiscoveriesarenot(

)intomarketablegoodandservice.

問題1選項

A.launched

B.translated

C.dissected

D.conveyed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。launch“發(fā)射,發(fā)行”;translate“翻譯,轉(zhuǎn)化”;dissect“仔細(xì)分析”;convey“傳達(dá),運輸”。根據(jù)句意“如果新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有轉(zhuǎn)化為市場商品和服務(wù),科學(xué)研究沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)影響”,選項B符合題意。

22.單選題

Itisa(

)thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

問題1選項

A.debate

B.dispute

C.dilemma

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項debate“辯論,討論”;B選項dispute“辯論,爭吵”;C選項dilemma“困境,進(jìn)退兩難”;D選項paradox“悖論,自相矛盾的人或事”。句意:在如此富裕的國家竟然有那么多窮人,這是一個多么矛盾的事情。選項D符合句意。

23.翻譯題

PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffort

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