考研考博-英語-廊坊燕京職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廊坊燕京職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

The（）airthatlingersaroundthesewerpipesisenoughtomakeanyonegag.

問題1選項

A.raillery

B.noisome

C.supine

D.liturgy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞、名詞詞義辨析。A選項raillery“逗趣；開玩笑”；B選項noisome“惡臭的；有害的”；C選項supine“仰臥的；懶得動的；向后靠的”；D選項liturgy“禮拜儀式；圣餐儀式；禱告文”。句意：縈繞在污水管周圍的惡臭的空氣足以使任何人窒息。結(jié)合句意，B選項正確。

2.單選題

[A]Amilk[B]canprovideprotein[C]foracheap,[D]nutritionallybalanceddiet.

問題1選項

A.A

B.canprovide

C.foracheap

D.nutritionally

【答案】A

【解析】【考查點】冠詞的使用。

【解題思路】Milk（牛奶）是不可數(shù)名詞，因此不能用不定冠詞a修飾，故去掉a。該題選擇A項。

【句意】牛奶可以提供蛋白質(zhì)，提供便宜、營養(yǎng)均衡的飲食。

3.單選題

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

問題1選項

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項continuous“連續(xù)不斷的”，指整個事發(fā)的過程都沒有中斷；B項continual“持續(xù)不斷的”，指一再的、頻繁的、反復(fù)發(fā)生的；C項constant“不變的、恒定的”；D項contrary“相反的、對立的”；句意：城邦國家之間頻繁的沖突導(dǎo)致希臘文明最終衰落。因此該題B項正確。

4.單選題

TheBritishpoliticalsystemhasevolvedoverseveralcenturies.

問題1選項

A.improved

B.developed

C.involved

D.survived

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項improved“改進(jìn)，增加”；B選項developed“發(fā)展，發(fā)達(dá)”；C選項involved“涉及，使參與”；D選項survived“幸存，存活”。句意：英國的政治制度是經(jīng)過幾個世紀(jì)的演變而成的。此處只有B選項可以最佳貼近“演變”這個含義，因此B選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7to8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16to17hour’swakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-liourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

問題1選項

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleeping.

問題2選項

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequent

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問題3選項

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershift

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問題4選項

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

問題5選項

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkersprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines(這已經(jīng)不是一個學(xué)術(shù)的問題。例如，在需要機器24小時連續(xù)工作的自動化操作的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，需要人們從白天工作變?yōu)橥砩瞎ぷ鞯膯栴}變得越來越重要了)。故選C“因為一些工業(yè)領(lǐng)域要求上夜班”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight(通常一個人需要五天至一周的時間來適應(yīng)與常規(guī)生活顛倒的睡眠吋間和猜醒時間，即白天睡覺，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek(不幸的是，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，工作班次每星期都變換的事經(jīng)常發(fā)生)。故選B“頻繁更換工作吋間的工人的日常生活周期被打亂”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段第一句指出:Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers(看來，唯一真正可以解決問題的方法就是將晚班交給一些長期上夜班的工人)。故選C“安排一些人只上夜班”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(白天正常工作的人，在其清醒的時間內(nèi)，體溫通常都比較高，但是在夜晚則比較低)。因此選D“人在工作效率高吋，休溫都比較高”。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段...itcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection(可以了解到個人是如何快速適應(yīng)正常時間的顛倒，同時也可成為篩選的基礎(chǔ))以及Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice(然而，到目前為止，這種形式的篩選似乎并沒有在實踐中得到應(yīng)用)可知選擇永久的夜間值班者僅僅是一種基礎(chǔ)的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故選項B錯誤。根據(jù)最后一段Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(了解一個人何時適應(yīng)的一種方法是測量他的體溫。白天正常工作的人在清醒的時候會有高溫，晚上會有低溫)可知選項A“體溫可以作為衡量工人工作的一個指標(biāo)”正確。根據(jù)最后一段Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine(因此，在清醒期間每隔兩小時測量一次體溫，可以看出一個人能多快地適應(yīng)一個顛倒的習(xí)慣)可知選項C“每隔一段吋間測量體溫，可以顯示個人是如何適應(yīng)常規(guī)變化”正確。根據(jù)第三段Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork(她發(fā)現(xiàn)在日班和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障礙和其他障礙的發(fā)生率很高，但在長期夜班的人中，這些現(xiàn)象沒有異常發(fā)生)可知選項D“長期上夜班的或上長白班的人很少出現(xiàn)睡眠被打亂的現(xiàn)象”正確。

6.單選題

Theserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（

）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問題1選項

A.drifting

B.mobile

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞分析。drifting意為“漂流的，飄動的”；mobile意為“可移動的，流動的”；shifting意為“轉(zhuǎn)換的”；rotating意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。

句意：該服務(wù)機構(gòu)在全國范圍內(nèi)經(jīng)營著36家圖書館，其中6家流動圖書館專門為農(nóng)村服務(wù)。

7.單選題

Myboneshavebeenachingagain,astheyoftendoinhumidweather.Theyachelikehistory:thingslongdonewith,thatstillremainaspain.Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.Therearesleepingpills,ofcourse,butthedoctorhaswarnedmeagainstthem.

Lastnight,afterwhatseemedhoursofdampturmoil,Igotupandcreptslipperlessdownthestairs,feelingmywayinthefaintstreetlightthatcamethroughthewindow.Oncesafelyarrivedatthebottom,Iwalkedintothekitchenandlookedaroundintherefrigerator.TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.I'vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary;mymealsaresnatchedandrandom.Furtivesnacks,furtivetreatsandpicnics.Imadedowithsomepeanutbutter,scoopeddirectlyfromthejarwithaforefinger:whydirtyaspoon?

Standingtherewiththejarinonehandandmyfingerinmymouth,Ihadthefeelingthatsomeonewasabouttowalkintotheroom~someotherwoman,theunseen,validowner~andaskmewhatinhellIwasdoinginherkitchen.I’vehaditbefore,thesensethateveninthecourseofmymostlegitimateanddailyactions—peelingabanana,brushingmyteeth―Iamtrespassing.

Atnightthehousewasmorethaneverlikeastranger's.Iwanderedthroughthefrontroom,thediningroom,theparlour,handonthewallforbalance.Myvariouspossessionswerefloatingintheirownpoolsofshadow,denyingmyownershipofthem.Ilookedthemoverwithaburglar’seye,decidingwhatmightbeworththeriskofstealing,whatontheotherhandIwouldleavebehind.Robberswouldtaketheobviousthings~thesilverteapotthatwasmygrandmother’s,perhapsthehand-paintedchina.Thetelevisionset.NothingIreallywant.

1.Theauthorcouldnotfallasleepbecause（

）.

2.TheauthordidnotlikethefoodintherefrigeratorbecauseitwasNOT（

）.

問題1選項

A.itwastoodampinthebedroom

B.shehadrunoutofsleepingpills

C.shewasinverypoorhealth

D.shefeltveryhungry

問題2選項

A.fresh

B.sufficient

C.nutritious

D.delicious

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問作者不能入睡的原因。由第一段中第三句“Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.當(dāng)疼痛非常嚴(yán)重時，它讓我無法入睡。每晚我都渴望睡覺，我努力去睡著，但是睡覺如同一個窗簾樣在我的面前飄動”確定C選項“她身體非常不好”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問作者不喜歡吃冰箱的食物的原因。由第二段第三句“TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.這里沒有太多我想吃的東西：剩下的東西有一把芹菜、一塊染了藍(lán)色的面包尾部和一個正變軟的檸檬”確定A選項“新鮮”正確；B選項“充足的”、C選項“營養(yǎng)的”和D選項“可口的”不正確。

8.單選題

Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighborhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein（

）.

問題1選項

A.lodgers

B.residents

C.settlers

D.inhabitants

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。lodger房客；residents居民；settler移民；inhabitant居民。句意：附近只有少數(shù)被挑選的女房東被該大學(xué)允許租房給學(xué)生。A項符合句意，答案A。

9.單選題

Gotoinspectallthepartstofindwhatwasat（

）.

問題1選項

A.wrong

B.trouble

C.fault

D.difficulty

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。四個選項都表示錯誤或問題的意思，但是題干中的介詞是at，只有選項C能與之搭配。選項A的搭配為“be+wrong”，選項B和D和介詞in搭配，所以選項C正確。句意：去檢查所有的部件，看看哪里出了問題。選項C符合句意。

10.單選題

He（

）outragebycallingtheTVprogrammes“talkingwallpaper”.

問題1選項

A.provoked

B.evoked

C.revoked

D.invoked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。provoke“激起，挑釁”；evoke“引起，喚起，博得”；revoke“撤回，取消，廢除”；invoke“調(diào)用，換氣”。句意：他稱那個電視節(jié)目為“會說話的壁紙”激起了憤怒。選項A符合題意。

11.翻譯題

各國文明的多樣性，是人類社會的基本特征，也是推動世界文明進(jìn)步的重要動力。當(dāng)今世界擁有60億人口，200多個國家和地區(qū)，2500多個民族，5000多種語言。由于歷史傳統(tǒng)、宗教信仰、文化背景、社會制度、價值觀念和發(fā)展程度的不同，各個國家和地區(qū)才具有了各自鮮明的特征，整個人類文明也因此而交相輝映、多姿多彩、富有活力。這種文明的多樣性是在歷史長河中形成的，并將長期存在下去。我們應(yīng)該尊重和維護(hù)各國文明的多樣性，而不應(yīng)人為歧視或貶低他國文明；應(yīng)該鼓勵各種文明在對話交流中相互借鑒、取長補短，而不應(yīng)相互隔絕和相互排斥；應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)各種文明在相互包容、求同存異中共同發(fā)展，而不應(yīng)強求一律、強加于人。

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和新科技革命的發(fā)展，國家間的相互聯(lián)系和相互依存愈益加深，但這并不意味著可以忽視和削弱國家主權(quán)的地位與作用。必須實行國際關(guān)系民主化。不尊重別國主權(quán)，以大欺小，以強凌弱，推行霸權(quán)主義和強權(quán)政治，實踐證明是行不通的。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Thediversityoftheworld’scivilizationsisabasichallmarkofhumansocietyandanimportantdrivingforcethatpropelshumanprogress.Ourworldtodayhasover6billioninhabitantslivinginmorethan200countriesandregions.Theybreakdownintoover2,500ethnicgroupsandspeakmorethan5,000differentlanguages.Becauseofthedifferenceinhistoricaltradition,faithandculture,orsocialsystem,valuesandlevelofdevelopment,thosecountriesorregionsareoftendifferentfromoneanother.Itisthesedifferencesthatmakeourplanetdazzling,colorfulandbustlingwithlife.Suchdiversityisalegacyofhistoryandwillstaywithusintothefuture.Insteadofharboringbiasagainstordeliberatelybelittlingothercivilizations,weshouldgivefullrespecttothediversityofcivilizationsallovertheworld.Insteadofshuttingeachotheroutinmutualexclusion,weshouldencouragedialoguesandexchangesbetweencivilizationssothattheycanlearnfromeachotherinmutualemulation.Insteadofdemandinguniformityandimposingone’swillonothers,weshouldpromotecommondevelopmentofallcivilizationsinthecourseofmutualtoleranceandseekingagreementwhileshelvingdifferences.

Withtheglobalizationofeconomyandtheadvancementinnew,scientificandtechnologicalrevolution,theinterconnectionandinterdependencebetweencountriesaredevelopingindepth,butthisdoesn’tmeanallowingofignoringandweakeningthestatusandroleofanation’ssovereignty.Itisnecessarytohavegreaterdemocracyininternationalrelations.Practiceindicatesthatthedisregardforothercountries’sovereignty,thepracticeofthebigoppressingthesmallandthestrongbullyingtheweakandthepursuanceofhegemonismandpowerpoliticswon’twork.

12.單選題

We’llcontinuealongtheroad（）byourpresidentsmorethanseventyyearsago.

問題1選項

A.givenout

B.madeout

C.wipedout

D.mappedout

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項giveout“發(fā)出，排放，公開，分發(fā)”；B選項makeout“艱難地看到，理解，填寫”；C選項wipeout“消滅”；D選項mapout“認(rèn)真安排或設(shè)計，繪制”。句意：我們將繼續(xù)沿著我們兩國總統(tǒng)七十多年前（）的道路前進(jìn)。“發(fā)出道路/理解道路/消滅道路”都不符合題意，因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

I’mactingas______whilethemanagerisawayonbusiness.

問題1選項

A.agency

B.policy

C.deputy

D.colleague

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項agency“（尤指）代理機構(gòu)，經(jīng)銷機構(gòu)；（政府的）專門機構(gòu)”；B選項policy“政策”；C選項deputy“副手；代理人”；D選項colleague“同事”。句意：經(jīng)理出差時，由我______。根據(jù)語境，這里指經(jīng)理不在的時候，我來完成他的工作，C選項deputy“副手；代理人”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

14.單選題

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社會等級)society.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.

問題1選項

A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoperatesineverysociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

問題2選項

A.Philosophers.

B.Artists.

C.Thesocialelite.

D.Writers.

問題3選項

A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.

B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

問題4選項

A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

問題5選項

A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

B.isaformofexpressivebehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.（它的運作需要一個階級社會，因為從本質(zhì)上講，它既不發(fā)生在原始群體那樣的同質(zhì)社會，也不發(fā)生在種姓社會。），可知A選項“時尚起源于階級社會”正確，B選項“時尚只存在于群體生活的幾個領(lǐng)域”和C選項“時尚存在于每個社會”錯誤，時尚也不會存在于原始社會，D選項“在原始社會，人們喜歡趕時髦”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.（因此，他們生活和行為的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他們的階級所模仿，反過來，這些階級又被社會結(jié)構(gòu)中直接低于他們的群體所模仿。），這里指的是社會精英，可知社會精英引領(lǐng)時尚，C選項“社會精英”正確。A選項“哲學(xué)家”，B選項“藝術(shù)家”和D選項“作家”正確。因此C選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.（正是這一特點使時尚成為一種運動，也正是這一特點使得一位作家評論道，一種時尚一旦推出，就注定要滅亡。），可知時尚會消亡，也就不是真實的，D選項“一種時尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正確，A選項“時尚是一種真實的運動”和C選項“一種時尚一旦推出就永遠(yuǎn)不會消失”錯誤。B選項“上層階級在使時尚成為運動中發(fā)揮了一點點作用”：上層階級是推動時尚的主要人群，不符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運動，時尚與我們考慮過的其他運動幾乎沒有相似之處。），所以A選項“與其他運動沒有什么共同之處”正確。C選項“有一個強有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement（沒有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為運動提供有意識的方向），可知不符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項“最終會發(fā)展成一個社會組織”和D選項“有一系列符號和價值”文章沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.（人們自愿參加時尚運動，是對時尚強加給他們有趣而有力控制的一種響應(yīng)。），可知時尚運動是一種對時尚的回應(yīng)，他們通過時尚運動這種行為表達(dá)了對時尚的態(tài)度，B選項“是一種表達(dá)行為”正確。A選項“其功能與特定的社會運動相同”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運動，時尚與我們考慮過的其他運動幾乎沒有相似之處。），可知時尚運動和其他社會運動沒有相同之處。C選項“可以提高參與者的士氣”：根據(jù)第三段第五句Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.（他們沒有樹立起士氣。），可知時尚運動不能提高士氣。D選項“對人群行為的方式有很大的貢獻(xiàn)”文章沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.

Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.

Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Weshouldsoonfinddifferenceinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.

1.Thewriterisinfavoroftheviewthataman'sintelligenceisgiventohim（

）.

2.Ifachildisbornwithlowintelligence,hecan

（

）.

3.Inthesecondparagraph“ifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation”meansifwe

（

）.

4.Theexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparatelyshows

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagecouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.atbirth

B.througheducation

C.bothatbirthandthrougheducation

D.neitheratbirthnorthrougheducation

問題2選項

A.becomeagenius

B.stillbecomeageniusifheisgivenspecialeducation

C.reachhisintellectuallimitsinrichsurroundings

D.notbecomeintelligentinhislife

問題3選項

A.pickanytwopeople

B.takeouttwodifferentpeople

C.choosetwopeoplewhoarerelatives

D.choosetwopeoplewithdifferentintelligence

問題4選項

A.theimportanceoftheirintelligence

B.theroleofenvironmentonintelligence

C.theimportanceoftheirpositions

D.thepartthatbirthplays

問題5選項

A.surroundings

B.intelligence

C.thedependenceonenvironment

D.theeffectofeducation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth…(在一定程度上，我們的智力水平是先天決定的…),Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings(另一方面，一個生活在單調(diào)乏味環(huán)境中的孩子比一個生活在豐富多彩的環(huán)境中的孩子有更少的智力發(fā)展),由此可知C項“先天條件和后天教育共同決定了一個人的智力水平”符合作者觀點。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:成為天才,B:如果接受特殊教育，還是能夠成為天才的,由第一段中的“Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence(在一定程度上,我們的智力水平是先天決定的。沒有什么樣的教育能夠讓一個天生智力水平低下的孩子變成一個天才)”可知A和B錯誤。C:可以在豐富多彩的環(huán)境中達(dá)到其智力的上限,D:在他的一生中都不能變聰明,由第一段中的“Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment(因此，每個人的智力的上限是先天決定的，而后天的環(huán)境決定了一個人能否讓自己的智力達(dá)到上限)”可知C項正確,D錯誤。

3.語義題。第二段中心句為:Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith(很容易證明人的智力水平是天生的),隨后便通過實驗證明這一中心句?！癷fwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation”所在句為:Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent(如果…，那么很有可能這兩個人的智力水平完全不同),由此可知A“任意挑選兩個人”與題干句語義最接近。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干"thetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparately”定位至第三段。第三段主題句為:Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence(兩個沒有親屬關(guān)系但親密接觸的人很有可能擁有相同的智力水平，這一事實也暗示了前面的結(jié)論)。因此可知第三段是為了論證后天環(huán)境對個人智力發(fā)展的重要作用,故選B“環(huán)境在智力發(fā)展中所扮演的角色”。

5.主旨大意題。文章論證的是先天因素和后天環(huán)境在個人智力發(fā)展中所扮演的角色。故選B“智力”。

16.單選題

______anyoneshouldthinkitstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.

問題1選項

A.Inorderthat

B.Lest

C.If

D.Providing

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項Inorderthat“為了，目的在于”；B選項Lest“以免”；C選項If“如果，倘若”；D選項Providing“如果”。句意：我向你保證，這是千真萬確的，______有人覺得奇怪。根據(jù)語境，為了不讓人覺得奇怪，我向你保證這是真的，所以Lest“以免”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

17.單選題

I’vehadmycarexaminedthreetimesnowbutnomechanichasbeenableto（）theproblem.

問題1選項

A.deduce

B.notify

C.highlight

D.pinpoint

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了動詞的辨析。deduce“演繹，推理”；notify“通知”；highlight“強調(diào)，突出”；pinpoint“確定，準(zhǔn)確指出”，根據(jù)mechanic“技術(shù)人員，修理工”與汽車的problem“問題”的關(guān)系，修理人員應(yīng)該是查明或者指出問題的，所以此處應(yīng)該使用動詞pinpoint，故正確答案為選項D。

18.單選題

Mr.Bloomisnot____now,buthewillbefamoussomeday.

問題1選項

A.significant

B.dominant

C.magnificent

D.prominent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項significant“明顯的，意義重大的”；B選項dominant“占優(yōu)勢的；顯性的，生物專業(yè)名詞”；C選項magnificent“壯麗的，宏偉的，值得贊揚的”；D選項prominent“著名的，重要的，杰出的”。句意：雖然布朗（Bloom）先生現(xiàn)在不____，但他總有一天會出名的。根據(jù)后一個分句推斷，前一個分句是說布朗先生現(xiàn)在不出名。D選項最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

19.單選題

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass（theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter）offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingt