考研考博-英語-四川城市職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川城市職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Computershaveaidedinthestudyofhumanitiesforalmostaslongasthemachineshaveexisted.Decadesago,whenthetechnologyconsistedsolelyofmassive,number-crunchingmainframecomputers,thechiefliberalartsapplicationswereincompilingstatisticalindexesofworksofliterature.

Mainframecomputershelpedgreatlyinthehighlylaborioustask,whichdatesbacktotheRenaissance,ofcatalogingeachreferenceofaparticularwordinaparticularwork.Concordanceshelpscholarsscrutinizeimportanttextsforpatternsandmeaning.Otherhumanitiesapplicationsforcomputersinthisearlyeraoftechnologyincludedcompilingdictionaries,especiallyforforeignorantiquatedlanguages,andcataloginglibrarycollections.

Suchtypesofcomputerusageinthehumanitiesmayseemlimitedatfirst,buttheyhaveproducedsomeinterestingresultsinthelastfewyearsandpromisetocontinuetodoso.Ascomputeruseandaccesshavegrown,sohasthenumberofdigitizedtextsofclassicliteraryworks.

Thecomputer-basedstudyofliterarytextshasestablisheditsownnicheinacademia.DonaldFoster,anEnglishprofessoratVassarCollegeinPoughkeepsie,NewYork,isoneoftheleadersintextualscholarship.Inthelate1980sFostercreatedSHAXICON,adatabasethattracksallthe“rare”wordsusedbyEnglishplaywrightWilliamShakespeare.EachofthesewordsappearsinanyindividualShakespeareplaynomorethan12times.Thewordscanthenbecross-referencedwithsome2,000otherpoetictexts,allowingexperiencedresearcherstoexplorewhentheywerewritten,whowrotethem,howtheauthorwasinfluencedbytheworksofotherwriters,andhowthetextschangedustheywerereproducedoverthecenturies.

Inlate1995Foster’sworkattractedwidespreadnoticewhenheclaimedthatShakespearewastheanonymousauthorofanobscure578-linepoem,AFuneralElegy(1612).Althoughexpertshadmadesimilarclaimsforotherworksinthepast,Fostergainedthebackingofanumberofprominentscholarsbecauseofhiscomputer-baseapproach.IfFoster’sclaimholdsuptolong-termjudgment,thepoemwillbeoneofthefewadditionstotheShakespeareancanoninthelast100years.

Foster’sworkgainedfurtherpublicacclaimandvalidationwhenhewasaskedtohelpidentifytheanonymousauthorofthebest-sellingpoliticalnovelPrimaryColors(1996).Afterusinghiscomputerprogramtocomparethestylistictraitsofvariouswriterswiththoseinthenovel,FostertabbedjournalistJoeKleinastheauthor.Soonafter,Kleinadmittedthathewastheauthor.FosterwasalsoemployedasanexpertinthecaseofthenotoriousUnabomber,aterroristwhopublishedananonymousmanifestoinseveralmajornewspapersin1995.

1.Thispaperwillmainlydiscuss（）.

2.whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Fosteridentifiedtheauthorofananonymousmanifestoby（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanmostprobablybeinferredfromthepassage?

5.By"accesshavegrown"inparagraph3,theauthorprobablymeansthat（）.

問題1選項

A.advantageofcomputerusageinthestudyofhumanities

B.theapplicationofcomputerstocompilingstatisticindexesofliteraryworks

C.theapplicationofcomputerstocompilingdictionaries.

D.contributionsofcomputer-basedstudyofliterarytexts

問題2選項

A.AFuneralElegywasanauthenticworkfromShakespeare.

B.ComputerutilizationmadeForster'sclaimmoreconvincing.

C.Inthelast100years,additionalworksofShakespearehavebeenacceptedasauthentic.

D.Therearestillmanyworkswhoseauthorsareunknown.

問題3選項

A.studyingthewritingcharacteristicofthesuspects

B.cross-referringthemanifestowithotherterrorists

C.gainthesupportofwell-knownscholars

D.applyingcomputerstothestudyofitsstyles

問題4選項

A.Inthepast,mainframecomputerswereusedtohandlenumbers.

B.Computersusageinliberalartisnarrow.

C.Humanitiesapplicationsforcomputersmightproduceunexpectedresults.

D.Computersarebestindealingwithforeignorantiquatedlanguages.

問題5選項

A.morepeopleareabletologontoacomputersystem.

B.meansofapproachingacomputerssystemareexpanded.

C.technologyofcomputershavebeenupgraded.

D.areawherecomputerscanbeappliedhaveincreased

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文分析可以看出，第一段的第一句為本文的中心句?！癈omputershaveaidedinthestudyofhumanitiesforalmostaslongasthemachineshaveexisted.”所以選項D正確。

2.根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，F(xiàn)oster聲稱莎士比亞是《葬禮晚歌》的匿名作者，因為他基于計算機(jī)的方法得到了知名學(xué)者的支持。本段的最后一句提到，如果Foster的主張經(jīng)得起長時間的推敲判斷，這首詩將是過去100年里莎士比亞經(jīng)典中為數(shù)不多的幾首增補(bǔ)作品之一。由此推斷，選項A表述錯誤。

3.根據(jù)原文的后半部分可知Foster證實匿名作品的作者是通過應(yīng)用計算機(jī)（比較不同作家的文體和風(fēng)格）來研究其風(fēng)格。選項D正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Mainframecomputershelpedgreatlyinthehighlylaborioustask.”可知選項A錯誤；根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Suchtypesof...continuetodoso.”可知，選項B錯誤；根據(jù)第二段的最后一句可知，選項D也不正確，所以本題選C。

5.access意為可接近的，可獲得的。這里指計算機(jī)的普及，所以選項A正確。

2.單選題

Becauseofalltheattentionwearegivingtoour"bigideas",wemaystartto（）someoftheotherthingsinlifethatareimportant.

問題1選項

A.losetouchwith

B.getintouchwith

C.loseourtouchwith

D.keepintouchwith

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。losetouchwith“與失去聯(lián)系（或接觸）”；getintouchwith“與聯(lián)系”；keepintouchwith“與保持聯(lián)系”；沒有搭配loseourtouchwith，選項C排除。句意：由于我們所有的注意力都集中在我們的“大想法”上，所以我們開始很難接觸到生活中其他重要的事情。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Itisthefirsttimethathe（

）theschoolregulation.

問題1選項

A.isgoingtoviolate

B.hasviolated

C.violates

D.violated

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查的是同位語從句中的動詞時態(tài)問題。Itisthefirsttimethat...這個句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，使用動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時，表示對于過去經(jīng)歷的總結(jié)，句意為：這是他第一次違反學(xué)校規(guī)則。故選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

PeoplewillinsistthatwatchingTV（）children’simaginations.

問題1選項

A.blunders

B.blunts

C.blushes

D.blends

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項blunders“犯大錯；誤入某地”；B選項blunts“減弱；使遲鈍”；C選項blushes“臉紅；感到羞愧”；D選項blends“使混合；使交融”。句意：人們會堅持說看電視……了兒童的想象力。前因是watchingTV“看電視”；后果是阻礙了children’simaginations“兒童的想象力”。在所有選項中只有blunt有減弱，使遲鈍的意思。因此B選項符合題意。

5.單選題

ScientistshaveachievedfindingssubstantialenoughtoremoveourfearofGMfoods.

問題1選項

A.abundant

B.controversial

C.conducive

D.convincing

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。substantial表示“大量的，實質(zhì)的”；A項abundant“豐富的，充裕的”，B項controversial“有爭議的，有爭論的”，C項conducive“有益的，有助于……的”，D項convincing“令人信服的”。句意：科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)取得了足以消除我們對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品恐懼的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前面的findings（發(fā)現(xiàn)）可知只有D項的意思與劃線部分的意思相近，所以D項正確。

6.單選題

Nooneexpectedhimto（）againsthisformeremployer.

問題1選項

A.deduce

B.testify

C.certify

D.allege

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項deduce“推論，推斷”；B選項testify“證明，證實”；C選項certify“證明，保證”；D選項allege“宣稱，斷言”。四個選項中，只有B選項可以和against搭配，testifyagainstsb作不利于某人的證明。句意：沒人指望他會指證他的前雇主。由選項意思和固定搭配可知，B選項符合句意。

7.單選題

WhenIwasstillanarchitecturestudent,ateachertoldme,"Welearnmorefrombuildingsthatfalldownthanfrombuildingsthatstandup."Whathemeantwasthatconstructionisasmuchtheresultofexperienceasoftheory.Althoughstructuraldesignfollowsestablishedformulas,theactualperformanceofabuildingiscomplicatedbythepassageoftime,thebehaviorofusers,thenaturalelementsandunnaturalevents.Allaredifficulttosimulate.Buildings,unlikecars,can'tbecrash-tested.

ThefirstimportantlessonoftheWorldTradeCentercollapseisthattallbuildingscanwithstandtheimpactofalargejetliner.Thetwintowersweresupportedby59perimetercolumnsoneachside.Althoughabout30ofthesecolumns,extendingfromfourtosixfloors,weredestroyedineachbuildingbytheimpact,initiallybothtowersremainedstanding.Evenso,thedeathtollwasappalling2,235peoplelosttheirlives.

Iwasonceaskedhowtallbuildingsshouldbedesignedgivenwhatwe'dlearnedfromtheworldTradeCentercollapse.Myanswerwas,"Lower,"Thequestionofwhenatallbuildingbecomesunsafeiseasytoanswer.Commonaerialfire-fightingladdersinusetodayare100feethighandcanreachtoaboutthe10thfloor,sofiresinbuildingsupto10storieshighcanbefoughtfromtheexterior.Fightingfiresandevacuatingoccupantsabovethatheightdependonfirestairs.

Thetallerthebuilding,thelongeritwilltakeforfirefighterstoclimbtothesceneofthefire.Sothesimpleanswertothesafetyquestionis"Lowerthan10stories."

Thenwhydon'tcitiesimposelowerheightlimits?A60-storyofficebuildingdoesnothavesixtimesasmuchrentablespaceasa10-storybuilding.However,allthingsbeingequal,suchabuildingwillproducefourtimesmorerevenueandfourtimesmoreinpropertytaxes.Socuttingbuildingheightswouldmeancuttingcitybudgets.

ThemostimportantlessonoftheWorldTradeCentercollapseisnotthatweshouldstopbuildingtallbuildingsbutthatwehavemisjudgedtheircost.Wedidthesamethingwhenweunderestimatedthecostofhurtlingalongahighwayinasteelboxat70milesperhour.Ittookmanyyearsbeforeseatbelts,airbags,radialtires,andantilockbrakesbecamecommonplace.Atfirst,carssimplyweretooslowtowarrantconcern.Later,manufacturersresistedtheseexpensivedevices,arguingthatconsumerswouldnotpayforsafety.Nowwedowillingly.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.WhatcanwelearnfromtheWTCcollapse?

3.Ideally,thepolicyincityconstructionshouldbe（）.

4.Whyaretherestillhighbuildings,orevenskyscrapersinmanycities?

5.WhatisthemostimportantlessonoftheWTCcollapse?

問題1選項

A.architectureissomethingmoreoutofexperiencethanoutoftheory

B.architecturedependsjustasmuchonexperienceasontheory

C.itissaferforpeopletoliveinoldbuildings

D.welearnnotsomuchfromourfailureasfromoursuccess

問題2選項

A.Despitethetwostrongbuildings,thedeathtollwasstillveryshocking.

B.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasofthefirstclass.

C.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasnotsostrongaspeoplehadexpected

D.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasstrongenoughtowithstandanyaccidents.

問題3選項

A.lowerthantenstories

B.thelower,thebetter

C.thehigher,thebetter

D.higherthantenstories

問題4選項

A.Becausetheyarethesymbolofmoderntimes.

B.Becausemanycitiesnowlackbuildingspace.

C.Becausetheyareanimportantfinancialsourceofacity'sbudget.

D.Becausetheyrepresentthelevelofacountry'sscienceandtechnology.

問題5選項

A.Weshouldwearseatbeltswhiledriving.

B.Weshouldbuildlowbuildingsjustasweshoulddriveslowly.

C.Weshouldmaketallbuildingsillegal.

D.Weshouldpayforsafetywhileconstructingtallbuildings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段第二句指出:Whathemeantwasthatconstructionisasmuchtheresultofexperienceasoftheory(他的意思是建筑物既是經(jīng)驗的結(jié)果，也是理論的結(jié)果)。由此可知B項“建筑不僅依賴于理論，也依賴于經(jīng)驗”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞WTCcollapse定位至第二段:Evenso,thedeathtollwasappalling2,235peoplelosttheirlives(即使（兩座建筑物沒有倒塌），付出的傷亡代價卻是驚人的——2235人失去了生命)。由此推斷A項“盡管兩座建筑物很牢固，但付出的傷亡代價卻是驚人的”正確。

第3題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Sothesimpleanswertothesafetyquestionis“Lowerthan10stories.”(所以安全問題的簡單答案是“低于10層樓”)。因此A選項“低于十層”正確。

第4題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段指出:Socuttingbuildingheightswouldmeancuttingcitybudgets(因此削減樓層高度等于削減城市預(yù)算)。因此在許多城市里還有高樓大廈，甚至摩天大樓是因為“它們是城市預(yù)算的重要財政來源”。答案為C。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段提到從世貿(mào)中心倒塌事件得到的一個重要經(jīng)驗:Later,manufacturersresistedtheseexpensivedevices,arguingthatconsumerswouldnotpayforsafety.Nowwedo–willingly(之后，廠商拒絕使用這些昂貴的設(shè)施，認(rèn)為消費者不會為安全買單。但是現(xiàn)在我們的確愿意了)。因此D項“在建造高層建筑時，我們應(yīng)該為安全問題買單”正確。

8.單選題

Heistheauthorofthisnovelwithhigh（）inthecountry.

問題1選項

A.coherence

B.prestige

C.consequence

D.commitment

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：他是這本小說的作者，在這個國家有很高的（）。coherence統(tǒng)一，連貫性；prestige聲望，名望；consequence結(jié)果，推論，重要性；commitment承諾，委托。因此，B項符合句意。

9.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetoaddaword,crossoutaword,orchangeaword.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)

e.g.1.Themeetingbegun2hoursago.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:begun—began

e.g.2.Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainswentup.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(Scarcely)had(they)

e.g.3.NeverwillInotdoitagain.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:not×

36Manyartiststodayareinthatiscalledappliedart.37Theyusetheirabilityinadvertise,interiordecoration,orsomesimilarjob.38Butpeopleinbusinesswhichhiretheartistsforthatkindofworksaythatsimpleartisticabilityisnotenough.Therearelotsofyoungpeoplewhohavethat.39Butnotenoughofusknowanythingaboutphysics,ormechanicalthings,ormath.40Tobeadruggistyouhavetostudyaboutchemistry.Youcan’tlearnchemistrywithoutknowingsomethingaboutalgebra.Howaboutanurse?41Oneoftherequiredsubjectsinacourseofnursingisknowntomateriamedica.42Inmateriamedicayou’lllearntofiguredosesandpreparemedicines.Algebraisimportantindoingthefiguring.Toomanystudentnursesflunkoutofthecoursebecausetheirmathisweak.It’sthesamewithmanytrades.43Ifyouwanttobeadraftsman,amachinist,amolder,andapatternmaker,you’llneedalgebraandgeometryandeventrigonometry.44Asifyouwanttogointobusinessforyourself,you’llneedmath.45Businesstoday,whetherit’srunningalittlegasstationorabigfactory,takegoodmanagement.Goodmanagementtakesmathematics.

【答案】36.that—what

37.advertise—advertising

38.which—who

39.us—them

40.about×

41.to—as

42.figure—figureout

43.and—or

44.as—even

45.take—takes

【解析】36.分析句子成分，主語是artists，系動詞are，缺少表語，所以這里的in以及后面的從句組成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作表語，從句是賓語從句，而介詞后面的賓語從句一般用wh-類詞引導(dǎo)，而從句中缺少主語，所以應(yīng)該把that改為what。

37.介詞后面一般接名詞或者動名詞，這里的advertise是動詞原形，所以應(yīng)該改為advertising。

38.根據(jù)從句中間的關(guān)鍵詞hire可知，從句的主語是人，但是從句缺主語，所以是先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語，這個從句是用來修飾people而不是business，而which是用來修飾物的，所以應(yīng)該把which改為who。

39.文章前面一直用第三人稱的語氣來寫作，us在文中出現(xiàn)得很突兀讓人不知所云，而根據(jù)前文可以推測，這里的不知道物理或者機(jī)械類知識的是前文所說的年輕人，所以應(yīng)該把us換成them。

40.study學(xué)習(xí)某件事時一般是及物動詞不需要借助介詞來加賓語，所以應(yīng)該把a(bǔ)bout去掉。

41.beknownto“為……所了解/知道”，其后接表示人的詞語，而介詞to后面接的是藥物學(xué)，這里要表達(dá)的意思是在一系列的護(hù)理學(xué)科中其中一個需要學(xué)的科目是藥物學(xué)，這里的詞組應(yīng)該是beknownas“被稱為”，所以需要把介詞to改為as。

42.figure單獨使用時是“計算”，但是作為護(hù)理學(xué)的一類課程很少會要配藥，這里應(yīng)該是清楚地知道藥品的劑量，所以應(yīng)該在figure后面加介詞out組成固定短語figureout弄清楚。

43.根據(jù)前面的if可知這里是假設(shè)，但是一個人只有很小的可能又是繪圖員又是機(jī)械師又是模具工又是制模師，這里的四個職業(yè)應(yīng)該是選擇關(guān)系，所以這句所有的and都要改為or。

44.asif“好像，貌似”，根據(jù)上下文語境，講述的是學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)很重要，即使你要自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，你會需要數(shù)學(xué)，所以應(yīng)該把a(bǔ)s改為even，evenif“即使”。

45.謂語take的主語business是個抽象名詞，所以謂語動詞需要用第三人稱單數(shù)，take應(yīng)該改為takes。

10.翻譯題

直到不久前，韓國以外還很少有人知道“江南”這個位于首爾東南部的一個上流社區(qū)，這里的居民數(shù)量約占首爾人口總數(shù)的5%。然后，樸載相橫空出世。更具體地說，應(yīng)該是這位韓國流行歌手的單曲《江南Style》橫空出世。這首歌今年夏季在YouTube上紅透半邊天。整個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)到處都是模仿它的視頻，從澳大利亞到秘魯都有以《江南Style》為主題的快閃活動；喝著燒酒簽下美國唱片合約，占據(jù)美國電視黃金時段；甚至還有人深入分析騎馬舞。但對于很多人來說，那個老問題仍然存在：“江南”到底是什么樣的？江南區(qū)不乏知名品牌，但要想找到高端、小眾的精品時裝店，可以去Cheongdam和Shinsa等街區(qū)。在這里你會找到前衛(wèi)的國際品牌概念商店，還有本土?xí)r裝大牌。這里的商店都價格不菲，但要像樸載相所說的那樣“穿得優(yōu)雅、舞得奔放”，就得花這個代價。奉恩寺(Bongeunsa)位于首爾江南區(qū)修道山上，是韓國歷史最悠久的寺廟之一。盡管在李氏王朝初期，儒家思想受到的推崇超過了佛教，但在16世紀(jì)中葉，在普雨(Bowoo)大禪師的指導(dǎo)下，奉恩寺作為韓國主要的禪宗佛教中心開始興旺起來。如果你想獲得一些點化，可以參加一個為期兩天的住寺活動，主要是一些修身養(yǎng)性的活動，比如齋飯、茶道和冥想等。

【答案】Untilrecently,fewpeopleoutsideofSouthKoreahadheardofGangnam,anupscaleneighborhoodinSeoul’ssoutheastthathousesroughly5%ofthecapital’spopulation.Then,asingernamedPsyhasmadethewholeworldamazing.

Morespecifically,theK-popmusician’s‘GangnamStyle’,whichwentviralonYouTubeoverthesummer.Videosof‘GangnamStyle’imitationshowcanbeseenallovertheinternet.‘GangnamStyle’flashmobsfromAustraliatoPeru.HavingsignedaUnitiedStatesrecorddealwithhisshochu;Psy’s‘GangnamStyle’dominatesAmericanTVprimetime.Andevendrawoutofanin-depthanalysesofthathorsedance.

Butformany,thequestionstillremains:WhatgoesoninGangnam,anyway?

There’sfullofbrandnamesinGangnam.Butforarangeofupscale,nicheboutiques,headtothedistrictsofCheongdamandShinsa.Thisiswhereyou’llfindfashion-forwardinternationalconceptstoresalongsidehome-grownhavensofchic.Storesherearen’tcheap,butthat’sthepriceyoupayto‘dressclassy,anddancecheesy,’asPsyputsit.

Bongeunsa,locatedinGangnamConventMountain,istheoldesttime-honoredtempleinSouthKorea.ThoughBuddhismwasmorepopularthanConfucianismearlyinLidynasty,undertheguidanceofBowoomaster,BongeunsabegantoprosperasSouthKorea’smainZenBuddhistCenterinthemid-16thcentury.

Ifyouwanttogetsomeenlightenment,youcantakepartinatwo-dayAbbotActivities,mainlyincludingself-cultivationactivities,suchasvegetarianfood,ateaceremonyandmeditation.

11.單選題

Sheaskedhimwhathethoughtofher______dress.

問題1選項

A.greenprettylittle

B.littlegreenpretty

C.prettylittlegreen

D.prettygreenlittle

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞的順序問題。出現(xiàn)多個形容詞修飾一個名詞，順序是：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老；顏色國籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。按此規(guī)律，pretty屬于限定詞，little是描述大小，green描述顏色，故C項正確。句意：她問他這件漂亮的綠色小連衣裙怎么樣。故正確答案為C。

12.單選題

Theargumentwassimultaneouslyapolicydebateandanextendedexegesisofacrucialphraseina1986federallawthatregulatesthehiringprocedures.

問題1選項

A.exportation

B.expulsion

C.explication

D.expiation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項exportation“出口；輸出；出口貨”；B選項expulsion“逐出；開除；除籍”；C選項explication“說明；闡明；展開”；D選項expiation“補(bǔ)償；贖罪；抵罪”。句意：這場爭論同時是一場政策辯論，也是對1986年一項管理招聘程序的聯(lián)邦法律中一個關(guān)鍵短語的延伸注釋。exegesis“注釋，解釋”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

13.單選題

Itisironicthatthe_______insightsofthegreatthinkersarevoicedsooftenthattheyhavebecomemere_______.

問題1選項

A.original...cliches

B.banal...beliefs

C.dubious...habits

D.philosophical...questions

【答案】A

【解析】original...cliches原始的,獨創(chuàng)的陳詞濫調(diào);banal...beliefs陳腐的信仰;dubious…h(huán)abits可疑的習(xí)慣;philosophical...questions哲學(xué)的問題。句意：具有諷刺意味的是,偉大思想家的獨到見解經(jīng)常被人提出,以至于成為陳詞濫調(diào)。選項A符合句意。

14.單選題

JohnaskedMary（）forherelectronicdictionary.

問題1選項

A.didshepayhowmuch

B.shepaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidshepay

D.howmuchshepaid

【答案】D

【解析】考查賓語從句的用法。空格處所在句子為賓語從句，從句的語序應(yīng)為：疑問詞+主語+謂語。故D項正確。句意：John問Mary買的電子詞典多少錢。

15.單選題

Asagoodphotographer,youmustdevelopanawarenessoftheworldaroundyouandthepeoplewho（）it.

問題1選項

A.innovate

B.inhabit

C.integrate

D.inherit

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。innovate創(chuàng)新，改革；inhabit居住于，存在于；integrate整合；inherit繼承。人類是居住在世界上的，所以選項B符合句意。

16.單選題

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen’searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs’sresultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployerswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployers,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,BrownselectedalargesampleofWhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970Censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown’sresearchdesigncontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationsofthestudy’sresults.Brown’sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningcategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown’sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuch’sargumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkingforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminationagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminationisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

26.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterEXCEPT________.

27.Theauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?

28.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradictwhichofthefollowing?

29.AccordingtoBrown’sstudy,women’searningscategoriesoccurinwhichofthefollowingorders,fromhighestearningstolowestearnings?

30.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassageasawhole?

問題1選項

A.discriminationfromsuppliers

B.discriminationfromconsumers

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

問題2選項

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,withequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate;governmentemployersdonotdiscriminate.

問題3選項

A.SometentativeresultsofFuchs’sstudy.

B.SomeexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudy.

C.Asuggestionmadebytheauthor.

D.Fuchs’shypothesis.

問題4選項

A.Self-employment,privateemployment,governmentemployment.

B.Governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment.

C.Privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment.

D.Governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment.

問題5選項

A.TherelativeEffectofDiscriminationbyGovernmentEmployers,PrivateEmployers,andConsumersonWomen’sEarnings

B.HowDiscriminationAffectsWomen’sChoiceofTypeofEmployment

C.TherelativeEffectofPrivateEmployerDiscriminationonMen’sEarningsasComparedtoWomen’sEarnings

D.TheNecessityforEarningsDifferentialsinaFreeMarketEconomy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】26.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)一二句OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.（人們可以從布朗的研究結(jié)果中推斷出，消費者歧視自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性。此外，個體戶女性可能比男子更難獲得好雇員，并可能遇到供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視。），可知個體戶女性會受到來自消費者和供應(yīng)商的歧視，也不容易雇到好員工，所以A選項“供應(yīng)商的歧視”，B選項“消費者的歧視”和C選項“在獲得好員工方面存在的問題”錯誤。D選項“在獲得政府援助方面的問題”：文章沒有提到政府在援助方面對女性的歧視，因此D選項正確。

27.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)一二句Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminationisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.（這些結(jié)果并不能證明政府不歧視婦女。但是，它們確實表明，如果政府歧視婦女，這種歧視對婦女收入的影響并不像在私營部門的歧視那樣大。）可知B選項“私人雇主和政府雇主都有歧視，但是私人雇主的歧視對女性的收入有更大的影響?！闭_。所以A選項“私人雇主和政府雇主都有歧視，對婦女的收入有同樣的影響?！保珻選項“私人雇主和政府雇主都有歧視，但是政府雇主的歧視對女性的收入有更大的影響?！焙虳選項“私人雇主歧視；政府雇主不歧視”錯誤。因此B選項正確。

28.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句self-employedwomen…mayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions（個體戶女性……可能遇到供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視），這是作者的觀點，所以C選項“作者的意見”正確。A選項“富克斯研究的假設(shè)結(jié)果”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Totestthishypothesis,Brown…anddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.（為了驗證這一假設(shè)，布朗……并將他們分為三類：私營企業(yè)雇員、政府雇員和個體經(jīng)營者。），這里沒有提到研究結(jié)果，也與金融機(jī)構(gòu)無關(guān)，故錯誤。B選項“布朗研究的一些明確結(jié)果”：OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.（人們可以從布朗的研究結(jié)果中推斷出，消費者歧視自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性。），可知布朗的研究結(jié)果不表明金融機(jī)構(gòu)歧視女性，故錯誤。D選項“?？怂沟募僭O(shè)”：根據(jù)第二段第一句bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.（福克斯和桑伯恩都提出，消費者歧視對個體經(jīng)營婦女收入的影響可能大于政府或私人雇主歧視對女性雇員收入的影響。），可知?？怂沟募僭O(shè)和金融機(jī)構(gòu)無關(guān)，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

29.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningcategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.（對男性來說，自營職業(yè)收入最高，其次是私人職業(yè)，政府工作收入最低。），可知D選項“政府就業(yè)、私人就業(yè)、個體就業(yè)”正確。A選項“自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，私人就業(yè)，政府就業(yè)”，B選項“政府就業(yè)、個體就業(yè)、私人就業(yè)”和C選項“私人就業(yè)、個體就業(yè)、政府就業(yè)”錯誤。因此D選項正確。

30.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.（歧視程度的差異會導(dǎo)致與雇主類型有關(guān)的收入差異。），后文對此展開具體的闡述，所以A選項“政府雇主、私人雇主和消費者的歧視對婦女收入的相對影響”正確。B選項“歧視如何影響婦女選擇就業(yè)類型”：文中沒有提到歧視和選擇就業(yè)的直接聯(lián)系，故錯誤。C選項“與女性收入相比，私人雇主歧視對男性收入的相對影響”：文章沒有提到對男性的歧視。D選項“自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中收入差異的必要性”：文章沒有說到收入差距的必要性，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

17.單選題

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe（

）

sightonTV.

問題1選項

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。panic“恐慌的”；patriotic“愛國的”；pathetic“可憐的”；periodic“周期的”。句意：發(fā)生了一場嚴(yán)重的交通事故；當(dāng)人們從電視上看到這個可憐的場面的時候都非常傷心。選項C符合題意。

18.單選題

Ethnographyisthestudyofaparticularhumansocietyortheprocessofmakingsuchastudy.Contemporaryethnographyisbasedalmostentirelyonfieldworkandrequiresthecompleteimmersionoftheanthropologistinthecultureandeverydaylifeofthepeoplewhoarethesubjectofhisstudy.Ethnography,byvirtueofitsintersubjectivenature,isnecessarilycomparative.Giventhattheanthropologistinthefieldnecessarilyretainscertainculturalbiases,hisobservationsanddescriptionsmust,toacertaindegree,becomparative.Thustheformulatingofgeneralizationsaboutcultureandthedrawingofcomparisonsinevitablybecomecomponentsofethnography.

Modernanthropologistsusuallyidentifytheestablishmentofethnographyasaprofessionalfieldwiththepioneeringworkofbothth