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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東茂名健康職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Themomentmymothercamehomeafteraday'sworkshelitthefireand()makingthesoup.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.setaside
B.setabout
C.setoff
D.setup
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在工作了一整天后,我媽一下班,她就打開(kāi)火,開(kāi)始熬湯。
考查短語(yǔ)辨析。setaside不理會(huì),放置…一方;setabout開(kāi)始做,著手做setoff出發(fā);setup建立。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。
2.單選題
Anewservice___totheneedsofdisabledpeoplewhowanttogoonlivingintheirownhomes.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.comes
B.dedicates
C.caters
D.contributes
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)comes“來(lái);開(kāi)始;出現(xiàn);發(fā)生;變成;到達(dá);做;假裝;將滿(……歲)”;B選項(xiàng)dedicates“致力;獻(xiàn)身;題獻(xiàn)”;C選項(xiàng)caters“投合,迎合;滿足需要;提供飲食及服務(wù)”;D選項(xiàng)contributes“貢獻(xiàn),出力;投稿;捐獻(xiàn);有助于,促成,是……的原因之一;發(fā)表意見(jiàn),提議”。句意:一項(xiàng)新的服務(wù)滿足了希望繼續(xù)住在自己家里的殘疾人的需要。根據(jù)下文“殘疾人的需要”可知本句表達(dá)“滿足了……需要”,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Weallwanttostandfirstinline,firstintheheartsofourcountry,firstinthepolls,firstinthestandings.The(1)ofNumberOneissurelyanimportantthinginsports,butforuniversities,beingfirstisnotasimportantasbeing(2)thebest.
Thetwenty-firstcenturyshowsno(3)ofinterestamongresearchers,institutions,donors,boardsoftrustees,andgovernmentsinusingvariousuniversityrankingsto(4)theperformanceofhighereducationinstitutions.Mostnationalresearchuniversitiesmeasurethemselves(5)awiderangeofdimensionsthattheinstitutionsbelieveimportantfordeterminingimprovementandsuccess.Atthesametime,nosingleindicatororcompositenumber(6)representswhatanindividualinstitutionhasdone,cando,orwilldo.Toimprovethequalityandproductivityofa(7)nationalresearchuniversity,itsfaculty,students,staff,andsupportersneedto(8)anumberofindicatorsthat,(9)together,giveareasonableapproximationofaccomplishmentandstrength(10)tothebestuniversitiesinthecountry.
Manyindicators(11)thispurpose,butmostobserversknowthatresearch(12)morethananythingelsein(13)thebestinstitutions.Initsannualreports,TheCenterprovidesboththe(14)researchanddevelopmentexpendituresandthehighly-competitivefederally(15)researchanddevelopmentexpendituresasindicatorsofresearchscale.(16)thedollarsgiveagoodapproximationofresearchactivity,(17)isthefacultywhoprovidethecriticalresourceforuniversitysuccess,andTheCenterreportsthenumberofmembersoftheNationalAcademiesamonganinstitution’sfacultyalongwiththenumberofsignificantfacultyawardsearnedasindicatorsoffacultydistinction.Studentsprovidea(18)indicatorbyreflectingboththeexternallyperceivedqualityoftheinstitutionand(19)withtheirowncredentialsanimportantcontributiontothatquality.Forthegraduateandresearchinstructionaldimension,TheCenterprovidesthenumberofdoctorates(20)andthenumberofpostdoctoralappointmentssupported;andTheCenteroffersmedianSATscoresasindicatorsofstudentcompetitiveness.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.eager
B.ambition
C.pursuit
D.desire
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.in
B.among
C.for
D.on
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.fewer
B.lessening
C.weaker
D.worsening
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.assess
B.assume
C.comment
D.reflect
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.as
B.for
C.on
D.in
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.moderately
B.accurately
C.equitably
D.fairly
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.major
B.main
C.basic
D.fundamental
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.pursue
B.evaluate
C.follow
D.appraise
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.taken
B.got
C.getting
D.taking
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.reference
B.superior
C.close
D.relative
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.meet
B.serve
C.fill
D.integrate
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.implies
B.means
C.symbolizes
D.matters
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.determining
B.disclosing
C.differentiating
D.defining
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.total
B.whole
C.major
D.sum
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.recognized
B.sponsored
C.sponsoring
D.recognizing
問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)
A.However
B.Therefore
C.While
D.Nevertheless
問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)
A.that
B.which
C.this
D.it
問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)
A.second
B.double
C.twice
D.twin
問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)
A.providing
B.provide
C.provided
D.provision
問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)
A.won
B.awarded
C.awarding
D.winning
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:C
第6題:B
第7題:A
第8題:C
第9題:A
第10題:D
第11題:B
第12題:D
第13題:D
第14題:A
第15題:B
第16題:C
第17題:D
第18題:B
第19題:A
第20題:B
【解析】(1)語(yǔ)義連接。此處表示對(duì)第一的爭(zhēng)奪,追求。Eager渴望;ambition抱負(fù);pursuit追求;desire要求。
(2)邏輯分析。..foruniversities,beingfirstisnotasimportant:對(duì)許多大學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō),成為第一并不重要...。universities:用的是復(fù)數(shù)形式,可推測(cè)此處為:在一堆的大學(xué)中進(jìn)行比較,故選擇B項(xiàng)。
(3)語(yǔ)義連接。第一段提到到處可以見(jiàn)到爭(zhēng)“第一”的現(xiàn)象,所以這種現(xiàn)象在現(xiàn)在依舊沒(méi)有減少,由此得出選擇B:減輕,變小,nolessening:沒(méi)有減小,符合句意。Fewer更少;lessening減輕,變小;weaker較弱的;worsening惡化的。
(4)動(dòng)詞辨析??崭裉庍xA,意思是:評(píng)估高等院校的績(jī)效。A:評(píng)估;B:假設(shè);C:評(píng)論;D:反映。
(5)固定搭配。onawiderangeofdimensions:在一個(gè)更為廣闊的空間。
(6)副詞辨析。上一句提到評(píng)估要在一個(gè)更為廣闊的空間進(jìn)行,所以下一句句意為:nosingleindicatororcompositenumber...represents:?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的指標(biāo)或合成數(shù)不能準(zhǔn)確地反映出情況,選B:精準(zhǔn)地,準(zhǔn)確地。A:適度地;C:公正地;D:公平地。
(7)固定搭配。majornationalresearchuniversity:重點(diǎn)國(guó)家級(jí)研究型大學(xué)。
(8)動(dòng)詞辨析。對(duì)大學(xué)的評(píng)估要依據(jù)不同的指標(biāo),故選擇C,依據(jù)。A:追趕;B:評(píng)價(jià),評(píng)估;D:評(píng)價(jià),鑒定。
(9)固定搭配。takentogether:總算,合起來(lái)。
(10)短語(yǔ)辨析。giveareasonableapproximationofaccomplishmentandstrength20tothebestuniversitiesinthecountry:對(duì)其成績(jī)與實(shí)務(wù)給出一個(gè)合理的近似值,參照國(guó)內(nèi)最好的大學(xué)。由此得出選擇D:relativeto:相對(duì)于,涉及,有關(guān)。A:參考,參照,是名詞,后面不接介詞。B:superiorto:優(yōu)于,比...越。C:closeto:接近。
(11)動(dòng)詞辨析。上文提到對(duì)研究院的考核要遵循一些指標(biāo),故Manyindicatorsservesthispurpose:許多指標(biāo)服務(wù)于這個(gè)目的,故選擇B:服務(wù)。
(12)動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:研究院的成果對(duì)學(xué)院的考核很重要。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。A:暗示;B:手段,方式;C:象征,代表;D:要緊。
(13)動(dòng)詞辨析。此處句意為:依據(jù)指標(biāo)對(duì)研究院進(jìn)行考核,再評(píng)定其是不是最好的學(xué)院。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。A:測(cè)定,決定;B:公開(kāi);C:區(qū)分;D:定義,界定。
(14)形容詞辨析。Initsannualreports意思是:在年度報(bào)告中。所以推測(cè)此處為:搜集全部的資料。故選A。
(15)動(dòng)詞辨析&語(yǔ)法分析。此處指的是聯(lián)邦政府對(duì)大學(xué)的贊助。這里應(yīng)該用sponsor的過(guò)去分詞形式,表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生。
(16)邏輯分析。此處表示:從事研究所需的經(jīng)費(fèi)到齊之時(shí)。故選擇C:當(dāng)...時(shí)候,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
(17)語(yǔ)法分析。此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ))+that/who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人)+其他部分。故選擇D。A:那個(gè);B:哪個(gè);C:這個(gè)。
(18)語(yǔ)義連接。句子中用到:both...and:兩者都...,可知這兩方面都發(fā)揮了作用,故選擇B:雙重的,兩倍的。
(19)動(dòng)詞辨析。此處意思為:學(xué)生們提供了一些指標(biāo)反映學(xué)院的實(shí)力,故選擇A:提供,現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨,表主動(dòng)。B:提供;C:假如;D:規(guī)定,條款。
(20)固定搭配。doctoratesawarded:被授予博士頭銜。
4.單選題
Inthecaseofmobilephones,changeiseverything.Recentresearchindicatesthatthemobilephoneischangingnotonlyourculture,butourverybodiesaswell.
First,let’stalkaboutculture.Thedifferencebetweenthemobilephoneanditsparent,thefixed-linephoneisthatamobilenumbercorrespondstoaperson,whilealandlinegoestoaplace.Ifyoucallmymobile,yougetme.Ifyoucallmyfixed-linephone,yougetwhoeveranswersit.
Thishasseveralimplications.Themostcommonone,however,andperhapsthethingthathaschangedourcultureforever,isthe"meeting"influence.Peoplenolongerneedtomakefirmplansaboutwhenandwheretomeet.Twentyyearsago,aFridaynightwouldneedtobearrangedinadvance.Youneededenoughtimetoalloweveryonetogetfromtheirplaceofworktothefirstmeetingplace.Now,however,anightoutcanbearrangedontherun.Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare".
Textingchangespeopleaswell.Intheirpaper,"InsightsintotheSocialandPsychologicalEffectsofSMSTextMessaging",twoBritishresearchersdistinguishedbetweentwotypesofmobilephoneusers:the"talkers"andthe"texters"—thosewhoprefervoicetotextmessageandthosewhoprefertexttovoice.Theyfoundthatthemobilephone'sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality.Texterswerelikelytoreportthattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts.Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell.
Anotherscientistwroteofthechangesthatmobileshavebroughttobodylanguage.Therearetwokindsthatpeopleusewhilespeakingonthephone.Thereisthe"speakeasy":theheadisheldhighinaself-confidentway,chattingaway.Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople.
Whocanblamethem?Phonemeetingsgetcancelledorreformedandcameraphonesintrudeonpeople'sprivacy.So,itisunderstandableifyourmobilemakesyounervous.Butperhapsyouneedn'tworrysomuch.Afterall,itisgoodtotalk.
1.Whenpeopleplantomeetnowadays,they().
2.AccordingtothetwoBritishresearchers,thesocialandpsychologicaleffectsaremostlylikelytobeseenon().
3..Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthetextssentbytextersare().
4..Accordingtothepassage,whoisafraidofbeingheardwhiletalkingonthemobile?
5..Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe()
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.arrangethemeetingplacebeforehand
B.postponefixingtheplacetilllastminute
C.seldomcareaboutwhenandwheretomeet
D.stilllovetoworkoutdetailedmeetingplans
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.talkers
B.the"speakeasy"
C.the"spacemaker"
D.texters
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.quiterevealing
B.wellwritten
C.unacceptablebyothers
D.shockingtoothers
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Talkers
B.The“speakeasy”
C.The“spacemaker”
D.Texters
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.TheSMSEffect
B.CulturalImplicationofMobileUse
C.ChangeintheUseoftheMobile
D.BodyLanguageandtheMobilePhone!
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare(不再是‘在8點(diǎn)在那里見(jiàn)你’,而是‘在8點(diǎn)左右給我發(fā)短信,然后再看我們都在哪里’),因此選B“推遲到最后一分鐘才確定(見(jiàn)面)地點(diǎn)”。
2.判斷推理題。第四段指出:Theyfoundthatthemobilephone's
individualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)移動(dòng)手機(jī)的個(gè)性化和隱私,讓喜歡發(fā)短信的人有能力去表達(dá)自己全新的外向性格),因此D項(xiàng)“喜歡發(fā)短信的人”正確。
3.判斷推理題。第四段指出:Theyfoundthatthemobilephone's
individualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)移動(dòng)手機(jī)的個(gè)性化和隱私,讓喜歡發(fā)短信的人有能力去表達(dá)自己全新的外向性格),因此選A“揭露隱情的”。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:“Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople(但是,喜歡在私底下講電話的人卻專注于自己本身且遠(yuǎn)離其它人),故選C“喜歡在私底下講電話的人”。
5.主旨大意題。文章的中心話題是:移動(dòng)手機(jī)影響我們的文化和肢體語(yǔ)言。因此B項(xiàng)“移動(dòng)手機(jī)使用帶來(lái)的文化影響”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。
5.單選題
Especiallyserious,forthedistortiontheycauseintheimageofaltruism,(
)compensationsintheformofsocialadvantagesorofpersonalorgrouppower,particularlyacceptedincountrieslikeSpainorItaly.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.hadbeen
B.were
C.is
D.are
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒裝句。表語(yǔ)especiallyserious提前,主句的主語(yǔ)是compensations,為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,由從句部分可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.單選題
Itisimportantthatanundergraduate()agradepointaverageofBinhismajorfield.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.maintains
B.maintain
C.willmaintain
D.shallmaintain
【答案】B
【解析】Itis+adj.+that從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)為should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。
7.單選題
Thecompanyresearchedthemarketdemandanddecidedto___theirnewproduct.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.launch
B.invent
C.convey
D.conflict
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.launch發(fā)射(導(dǎo)彈、火箭等);推出(新產(chǎn)品)B.invent發(fā)明
C.convey傳達(dá);運(yùn)輸D.conflict沖突;抵觸
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)marketdemand和newproduct兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)的邏輯可知:因?yàn)橛辛耸袌?chǎng)需求,所以推出新產(chǎn)品。A選項(xiàng)launch“推出”符合句意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。
【句意】這家公司研究了市場(chǎng)需求,決定推出新產(chǎn)品。
8.單選題
Cultureisthetotalsumofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.
Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.
Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavage,undevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.Anaccidentallanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”);somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.
Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturearetobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.
1.ThelanguageofuncivilizedgroupsascomparedtoWesternlanguagesarelimitedin().
2.Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat().
3.Thearticlestatesthatgrunt-and-groanformsofspeecharefound().
4.Accordingtotheauthor,languages,whethercivilizedornot,have().
5.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbutnotarticulatedinthepassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.soundpatterns
B.vocabularies
C.grammaticalstructures
D.bothAandB
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages
B.Alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroans
C.Thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand
D.Thereisnohierarchyoflanguages
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.nowheretoday
B.amongtheAustralianaborigines
C.amongEasterncultures
D.amongpeoplespeaking“backward”languages
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary
B.theirownsoundpatterns
C.anabilitytotransferideas
D.grammaticalstructures
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Thestudyoflanguageshasdiscreditedanthropologicalstudies.
B.Thestudyoflanguagehasreinforcedanthropologistsintheirviewthatthereisnohierarchyamongcultures.
C.Thestudyoflanguageisthesameasthestudyofanthropologists.
D.Thestudyoflanguagescastsanewlightupontheclaimofanthropologists.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第四句“TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.它們(不文明群體的語(yǔ)言)落后于我們的西方語(yǔ)言,通常不是在完全滿足所有語(yǔ)言所需要的聲音模式或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上,而只是在反映說(shuō)話者所知道的對(duì)象和活動(dòng)的詞匯上?!庇纱丝芍c西方語(yǔ)言相比,不文明群體的語(yǔ)言在詞匯方面受到限制,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容“對(duì)于專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō),文化之間沒(méi)有本質(zhì)上的優(yōu)越,正如對(duì)于專業(yè)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō),語(yǔ)言之間也沒(méi)有本質(zhì)上的等級(jí)關(guān)系?!庇纱丝芍?,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段一、二句的內(nèi)容“人們?cè)?jīng)認(rèn)為落后群體的語(yǔ)言是野蠻的、不發(fā)達(dá)的語(yǔ)言形式,主要由咕噥和呻吟組成。雖然語(yǔ)言可能是從一系列的咕噥和呻吟開(kāi)始的,但對(duì)‘落后’語(yǔ)言的研究證實(shí),現(xiàn)在的口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言都不符合這一描述?!币簿褪钦f(shuō),咕噥和呻吟的語(yǔ)言形式現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在了,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段提及“Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.所有的語(yǔ)言似乎都有擴(kuò)充詞匯的機(jī)制,它們可以把已經(jīng)存在的詞匯組合在一起,也可以從其他語(yǔ)言中借用詞匯并使其適應(yīng)自己的系統(tǒng)。”由此可知,作者認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言無(wú)論文明與否,都有擴(kuò)大詞匯量的潛力,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“這種對(duì)語(yǔ)言的研究,反過(guò)來(lái)又為人類學(xué)家的主張?zhí)峁┝诵碌木€索,即所有的文化都應(yīng)該被獨(dú)立地看待,沒(méi)有等級(jí)或?qū)蛹?jí)的觀念?!边x項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有信息體現(xiàn);D選項(xiàng)是原文明確提出的觀點(diǎn),不符合題干的意思。B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)語(yǔ)言的研究強(qiáng)化了人類學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn),即文化之間沒(méi)有等級(jí)之分”與最后一段表達(dá)的意思一致,所以正確。
9.單選題
Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat()decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.urgent
B.hasty
C.instant
D.prompt
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知,既然是痛苦的后悔,說(shuō)明決定很草率,選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。
10.單選題
Maryonce(
)withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.merged
B.collaborated
C.coincided
D.constituted
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。merge“混合”;collaborate“合作”;coincide“一致”;constitute“組成,構(gòu)成”。句意:瑪麗曾經(jīng)與另外一位音樂(lè)家合作寫(xiě)了一首流行曲。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
11.單選題
It’sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.They’reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfordotcomstartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltratingpeople’severydaylives—bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwall,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.
WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald’sopenkiosksinelementary-schoollunchrooms,inwhichschoolslikeStanfordUniversityareendowedwithaYahoo!FoundersChair.Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.
“Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketing—andthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,saysauthorandactivistNaomiKlein.“It’simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We’vecompletelylostthatspace.”
Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas—Starbucksisn’tslingcoffee;it’ssellingcommunity!—thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.
Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere—forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.
Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.
46.Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellus?
47.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorstateasafactorintheincreasingpresenceofbrandsinpeoples’lives?
48.ThetextsuggeststhatmostcontractlaborersintheU.S.______.
49.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theproblemswithcurrentcorporatepractices.
B.Thenatureofcurrentmarketingcampaignsandstrategies.
C.TheimportanceofbrandsinAmericanculture.
D.Theexcessivepresenceofbrandsandmarketinginpeople’slives.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theaggressivenatureofcorporatemarketing.
B.Thewillingnessofschoolsandmuseumstocooperatewithprivatecompanies.
C.Thelackofgovernmentregulationsofmarketingmethods.
D.Themarketingcampaignstakeuppublicspaces.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.pretendtobetemporaryworkers
B.mayhavetroublesupportingtheirfamiliesfinancially
C.haveworkconditionscomparabletothoseoflow-wageworkersoverseas
D.arelikelytoreceivehealthbenefitsfromtheiremployers
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.inadequatefederalfundingfacilitatedtheprivatizationofschoolsandmuseums
B.governmentreducedspendingforschoolsandmuseumsfortheircooperationwithcompanies
C.publicinstitutionsweretooquicktoacceptcorporatemarketingasasourceoffunding
D.bythe1980s,veryfewpublicinstitutionswerenotbeingfundedbycorporations
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:C
【解析】46.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章想要告訴我們什么?”。文章在第一段就提到It’sabrandnewworld–aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.(這是一個(gè)全新的圍繞品牌建立的世界。強(qiáng)勢(shì)收費(fèi)、制造噪音、塑造文化的品牌無(wú)處不在。),接下來(lái)幾個(gè)段落,作者通過(guò)舉例指出品牌和營(yíng)銷在人民生活中的不斷滲入,包括衣服、電視節(jié)目、公共空間和教室等,并且品牌和營(yíng)銷使得公司費(fèi)用增加,從而迫使公司降低員工的成本;綜合推斷可知,這篇文章主要講的是品牌和營(yíng)銷在人們生活的方方面面中過(guò)度滲透,D項(xiàng)“品牌和營(yíng)銷在人們生活中的過(guò)度存在”正確;A項(xiàng)“公司現(xiàn)行做法存在的問(wèn)題”和B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)前營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)和策略的性質(zhì)”都只是文章的部分內(nèi)容;C項(xiàng)“品牌在美國(guó)文化中的重要性”沒(méi)有提到。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
47.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為下列哪項(xiàng)是品牌在人們生活中日益增多的一個(gè)因素?”。第二段最后一句提到Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.(但是,隨著品牌滲透到我們生活的方方面面,然后是過(guò)度滲透,它們背后的公司引來(lái)了更多的問(wèn)題和更深入的審視,以及消費(fèi)者不可避免的強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)。),以及文章最后一句Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.(但企業(yè)利用了這些機(jī)構(gòu)的需求,影響太遠(yuǎn),用營(yíng)銷計(jì)劃壓倒了公民空間。)綜合推斷,品牌在人們生活中日益增加的一個(gè)原因是品牌營(yíng)銷侵略性太強(qiáng),故A項(xiàng)“企業(yè)營(yíng)銷的侵略性”正確;由文章最后一段第一句Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.(20世紀(jì)80年代,市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張與政府對(duì)學(xué)校和博物館的開(kāi)支削減相吻合。)可知,B項(xiàng)“學(xué)校和博物館與私營(yíng)公司合作的意愿”只是市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張與政府開(kāi)支削減吻合的結(jié)果,并不符合題干;C項(xiàng)“市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷方式缺乏政府監(jiān)管”沒(méi)有提到;D項(xiàng)“營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)占用了公共空間”屬于營(yíng)銷侵略性的特點(diǎn)。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
48.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章暗示美國(guó)大多數(shù)合同工……”。根據(jù)第五段最后一句IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.(在美國(guó),合同勞工催生了所謂的“麥當(dāng)勞工作”,雇主和工人都假裝這些工作是臨時(shí)的,盡管做這些工作通常是設(shè)法養(yǎng)家糊口的人。)可推知,文章暗含的意思就是這些美國(guó)合同工養(yǎng)家糊口可能是有困難的,B項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)家糊口可能有困難”正確;A項(xiàng)“假裝是臨時(shí)工”在文章中明確提及了,并不是暗含的意思;C項(xiàng)“工作條件與海外的低薪工人相當(dāng)”沒(méi)提到;由第五段中的Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.(合同工是臨時(shí)雇傭的,按任務(wù)分配,雇主沒(méi)有義務(wù)提供任何福利,如醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)或長(zhǎng)期的工作保障)可知,D項(xiàng)“有可能從他們的雇主那里得到健康福利”錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
49.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“我們從最后一段可以推斷出……”。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句的內(nèi)容Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.(20世紀(jì)80年代,市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張與政府對(duì)學(xué)校和博物館的開(kāi)支削減相吻合。這使得這些機(jī)構(gòu)非常愿意、甚至迫切地與私營(yíng)企業(yè)合作。)可以推斷,學(xué)校、博物館等這些公共機(jī)構(gòu)急于通過(guò)企業(yè)營(yíng)銷來(lái)削減開(kāi)支,即作為一種資金的來(lái)源,故C項(xiàng)“公共機(jī)構(gòu)太急于接受企業(yè)營(yíng)銷作為一種資金來(lái)源”符合題意;最后一段沒(méi)有提到聯(lián)邦資金,A項(xiàng)“聯(lián)邦資金不足導(dǎo)致學(xué)校和博物館私有化”不正確;B項(xiàng)“政府減少了學(xué)校和博物館與公司合作的開(kāi)支”錯(cuò)誤,并不是政府減少了開(kāi)支,而是市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷;D項(xiàng)“到20世紀(jì)80年代,很少有公共機(jī)構(gòu)不是由公司資助的”錯(cuò)誤,營(yíng)銷公司幫助公共機(jī)構(gòu)的是削減開(kāi)支,并不是資助。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen___thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.pursuing
B.chasing
C.reaching
D.winning
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pursuing“繼續(xù);從事;追趕(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)做某事或試圖達(dá)到某事);糾纏”;B選項(xiàng)chasing“追逐(為了抓住某人或者某物而追趕某人或者某物);追捕;試圖贏得;雕鏤”;C選項(xiàng)reaching“到達(dá);伸出”;D選項(xiàng)winning“獲勝;贏得;(通過(guò)努力)獲得”。句意:世界各地的幾十個(gè)科學(xué)小組一直在___一種實(shí)用而經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法來(lái)利用陽(yáng)光來(lái)分解水分子。本句表達(dá)“科學(xué)小組一直從事于一種實(shí)用而經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Wewereallannoyedbythetwogirlswhotalkedincessantlyduringthelecture.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.rudely
B.endlessly
C.loudly
D.noisily
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rudely“無(wú)禮地”;B選項(xiàng)endlessly“不斷地”;C選項(xiàng)loudly“大聲地”;D選項(xiàng)noisily“吵鬧地”。句意:講座過(guò)程中,兩個(gè)女生在滔滔不絕地講話,我們都很煩。劃線部分incessantly是不停地意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Asfarastherankandpositionisconcerned,anassociateprofessoris(
)aprofessor,thoughtheyarealmostequallyknowledgeable.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.rankedbelow
B.adjacentto
C.inherentto
D.subjectto
【答案】A
【解析】考察形容詞短語(yǔ)辨析。rankedbelow低于……,在……之下;adjacentto與……相鄰;inherentto固有的;subjectto使服從,使遭受,受制于……。句意:就職稱地位高低而言,副教授低于教授,盡管他們幾乎具備同等的學(xué)問(wèn)知識(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
15.單選題
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Japan.t
B.France.t
C.TheUK.t
D.SouthKorea.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Lowobesityrates.
B.Inadequatehealthresources.
C.Advancedmedicaltechnology.
D.Highlevelsofalcoholconsumption.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Obesityratesindifferentcountries.
B.Dietarypatternsindifferentcountries.
C.Lifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.
D.Alcoholconsumptionindifferentcountries.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:C
【解析】第1題:男性說(shuō)到“Anewanalysisfoundthatbytheyear2030,theSouthKoreawillbetheleaderwithanaveragelifeexpectancyof90years”,說(shuō)明韓國(guó)人的預(yù)期壽命會(huì)在2030年領(lǐng)先。
第2題:最后一句說(shuō)到“ButintheUK,therehasbeenalotmoredrinking”,說(shuō)明在英國(guó),喝酒的現(xiàn)象很多,因此D選項(xiàng)“大量飲酒”正確。
第3題:對(duì)話以一個(gè)問(wèn)句“whichcountrydoyouthinkhasthecurrenthighestlifeexpectancy(你認(rèn)為哪個(gè)國(guó)家的預(yù)期壽命最高)”開(kāi)頭,再講到了日本、韓國(guó)、英國(guó)及法國(guó)的一些情況,說(shuō)明本段對(duì)話講的主題就是各個(gè)國(guó)家的預(yù)期壽命情況,C選項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
Withtheprices(
)somuch,itisdifficultforthegovernmenttomakeabudgetplan.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.vibrating
B.fluctuating
C.fluttering
D.swinging
【答案】B
【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vibrate“使震動(dòng),使顫動(dòng)”;B選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng),漲落”的意思;C選項(xiàng)flutter“飄動(dòng),鼓翼”;D選項(xiàng)swing“搖擺,專項(xiàng),懸掛”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“price價(jià)格”和“makeabudgetplan做出預(yù)算方案”,可知空格部分意思為“浮動(dòng)”,和選項(xiàng)B意思接近,句意為:因?yàn)閮r(jià)格的波動(dòng)太大了,政府很難做出預(yù)算方案。故選B。
17.單選題
Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand()toexpressedthoughts.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.dilemmas
B.countenances
C.concessions
D.junctions
【答案】B
【解析】名詞詞義辨析。dilemmas困境;countenances面容;concessions讓步;junctions連接點(diǎn)。句意:一個(gè)人可以通過(guò)注意他人的眼睛和面部即時(shí)的或短暫的反應(yīng)來(lái)更好地理解別人。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
18.單選題
Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere()andshewishedshe'dnevermarriedhim.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.insolvable
B.insensible
C.inseparable
D.incompatible
【答案】D
【解析】句意:很明顯她和她丈夫是水火不相容的,她希望自己從來(lái)沒(méi)有嫁給他。
考查形容詞辨析。insolvable不能解決(答)的;insensible昏迷的,無(wú)知覺(jué)的;inseparable不可分離的;incompatible不相容的,矛盾的。根據(jù)后半句“她希望自己從來(lái)沒(méi)有嫁給他”可知D符合句意。
19.單選題
Theproblemhas()simplybecauseyoudidn’tfollowmyinstruction.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.raised
B.risen
C.arisen
D.aroused
【答案】C
【解析】近義詞辨析。raise是及物動(dòng)詞,“提高,升起”;rise為不及物動(dòng)詞,“上升,增強(qiáng)”;arise“出現(xiàn),上升”;arouse“激發(fā),喚醒”。句意:出現(xiàn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題僅僅是因?yàn)槟銢](méi)有聽(tīng)從我的指示。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
20.翻譯題
Passage1
人體移植器官非常短缺。雖然實(shí)驗(yàn)室里能夠培育出膀胱和皮膚,但形成更加錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的器官和血管網(wǎng)絡(luò)則非常棘手,例如心臟、腎、肝、肺、胰腺,膽囊和肌肉組織。從豬身體上進(jìn)行異種器官移植是另一個(gè)新途徑。每一個(gè)這樣的移植器官都是自然發(fā)育的復(fù)雜器官。只要人體接受它們,這將形成源源不斷的人體移植器官來(lái)源。
Passage2
近日,美國(guó)一個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)開(kāi)始采用一種新的安檢技術(shù)。在乘客接受安檢時(shí),只有遠(yuǎn)程的管理局工作人員才能看到圖像,但看不到乘客萬(wàn)人,而現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安檢人員則相反。這種圖像不能被保存、傳輸和打印,看過(guò)之后將會(huì)立刻被刪除。此外,遠(yuǎn)程工作人員看到的圖像面部經(jīng)過(guò)模糊化處理。預(yù)計(jì)這種方法將很快得到推廣使用。
Passage3
手表定理在企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理方面給我們一種非常直觀的啟發(fā),就是對(duì)同一個(gè)人或同一個(gè)組織的管理不能同時(shí)采用兩種不同的方法,不能同時(shí)設(shè)置兩個(gè)不同的目標(biāo)。否則將使這個(gè)企業(yè)或這個(gè)人天所適從。手表定理所指的另一層含義在于每個(gè)人都不能同時(shí)挑選兩種不同的價(jià)值觀,否則,你的行為將陷于混亂。
ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored
【答案】Passage1
Humanorgantransplantationfallsfarshortageofdemand.Althoughourlaboratoryiscapableofdevelopingabladderandskin,replicatingitsintricateinternalnetworkofbloodvesselsisfairlyinvolved(incrediblydifficult).Forexample,heart,kidney,liver,lung,pancreasandmuscle.Pigsareconsideredasaneworgandonorforhumanfuturexenotransplantation.Eachofthesetransplantedorgansisacomplexnatural-developedone.Aslongasthehumanbodyacceptsthem,thatwouldbeanalternatesourceofhumanorgansfortransplant.
Passage2
Recently,anAmericanairportisintroducinganewsecuritytechnology.Whenthepassengersaregoingthroughairportsecurityinspection,theirimagescanonlybeseenbytheremoteadministrationworkers,andforthem,thepassengersthemselvesareinvisible.Forthesecuritystaff,theoppositeistrue.Thisimagecan'tbestored,transmittedorprintedandwillbedeletedimmediatelyafterseen.Inaddition,thefacialfeaturesareobscuredintheimage.Thismethodisexpectedtobesoonapplied.
Passage3
Wa
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