考研考博-英語-大慶職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大慶職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Economicandfinancialglobalizationhaslentimportant（）toeconomicgrowthinrecentdecades,especiallyinemergingmarkets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.motive

B.impulse

C.impetus

D.promotion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motive“動(dòng)機(jī)，原因，目的”，B選項(xiàng)impulse“沖動(dòng)，心血來潮”，C選項(xiàng)impetus“動(dòng)力，推動(dòng)力，促進(jìn)因素”，D選項(xiàng)promotion“提升，晉級(jí)”，句意:近幾十年來，經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融全球化為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長提供了重要的推動(dòng)力，特別是在新興市場(chǎng)。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

IhavedevotedfourweekendstowritingpapersandnowIfeelI（）arest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deserve

B.preserve

C.conceive

D.receive?

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。deserve“應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得，值得”；preserve“保存，保護(hù)”；conceive“懷孕，構(gòu)思”；receive“接受”。句意：我花了四周時(shí)間寫論文，現(xiàn)在我覺得我值得休息一下了。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Whenworkersareorganizedintradeunions,employersfindithardtolaythem________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.aside

C.out

D.down

【答案】A

【解析】考查關(guān)于lay的詞組。A選項(xiàng)layoff“解雇”；B選項(xiàng)layaside“擱置，留存”；C選項(xiàng)layout“展示，安排，花錢”；D選項(xiàng)laydown“制定，放下”。句意：當(dāng)工人們組成工會(huì)后，雇傭者會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難把他們（）。這道題考查關(guān)于lay的詞組。雇傭者和工人之間的關(guān)系顯然是雇傭關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)A更加符合句意。

4.單選題

Michael（）heretoseeyouandhe（）anoteonyourdesk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hascome;hadleft

B.hasbeen;hasleft

C.hascome;left

D.hasbeen;left

【答案】D

【解析】句意:邁克剛來這里看你，他留了一張便條在桌上。

語法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。后文說“留了一張便條”,不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,所以用一般過去時(shí)。那么前面應(yīng)該表示的是“剛來過”。因此此處用“hasbeenhere”合適。

5.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

盡管美國的制造業(yè)就業(yè)崗位長期流失，但由于在飛機(jī)和高科技設(shè)備等高價(jià)值的研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)等方面能力卓越，美國的制造業(yè)方面仍處于世界領(lǐng)先地位。與此同時(shí)，中國的主要產(chǎn)品還是低成本的服裝和消費(fèi)類電子產(chǎn)品。在產(chǎn)品價(jià)值方面美國的產(chǎn)品占世界制造業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的20%以上，大約是中國的兩倍。中國的人口眾多，國民人均產(chǎn)值僅為美國的1/7；在居民生活水平方面，中美兩國的差距就更大了，中國家庭產(chǎn)品的平均消費(fèi)只有美國的1/14。

【答案】Despitealonghistoryoflostmanufacturingjobs,theU.S.leadstheworldinmanufacturingbecauseofitsabilitytodevelopandproducehigh-valueproductslikeairplanesandhigh-techequipment.Meanwhile,China'smainproductsarelow-costclothingandconsumerelectronics.Intermsofvalue,theUnitedStatesproducesmorethan20percentoftheworld'smanufacturingoutput,abouttwiceasmuchasChina.ChinahasalargepopulationanditspercapitaGDPisonly1/7ofthatoftheUnitedStates.Intermsoflivingstandards,thegapbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisevenwider,withtheaveragehouseholdproductconsumptioninChinabeingonlyone-14thofthatintheUnitedStates.

6.單選題

Technologystandardsmaybemandatedbygovernmentorindustrycommitteesbutalotofstandardizationislefttothemarketplaceandissponsoredbydominantcompanies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.authorized

B.manmade

C.produced

D.manipulated

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.authorized批準(zhǔn)；授權(quán)B.manmade人造的

C.produced生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)生D.manipulated控制；操縱

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Technologystandards（技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）和governmentorindustrycommittees（政府或行業(yè)委員會(huì)）可推知，mandated是指“獲得授權(quán)，執(zhí)行”，A項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可能是由政府或行業(yè)委員會(huì)強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的，但很多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作都是由市場(chǎng)來完成的，并由占主導(dǎo)地位的公司贊助。

7.單選題

Inaneffortto（

）religiousdevotion,theofficialsorderedthattheschooldaybeginwiththesingingofahymn.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relinquish

B.denigrate

C.inculcate

D.nonplus

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。relinquish“放棄，放手”；denigrate“詆毀”；inculcate“教育，教授；灌輸”；nonplus“迷惑”。句意：為了灌輸宗教思想，官方要求教學(xué)日以唱贊美詩開始。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Ifsanityandinsanityexist,howshallweknowthem?

Thequestionisneithercapriciousnoritselfinsane.Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.Itiscommonplace,forexample,toreadaboutmurdertrialswhereineminentpsychiatristsforthedefensearecontradictedbyequallyeminentpsychiatristsfortheprosecutiononthematterofthedefendant'ssanity.Moregenerally,thereareagreatdealofconflictingdataonthereliability,utility,andmeaningofsuchtermsas"sanity","insanity","mentalillness,"and"schizophrenia."

Finally,asearlyas1934,Benedictsuggestedthatnormalityandabnormalityarenotuniversal.Whatisviewedasnormalinoneculturemaybeseenasquiteaberrantinanother.Thus,notionsofnormalityandabnormalitymaynotbequiteasaccurateaspeoplebelievetheyare.

Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.Murderisdeviant.So,too,arehallucinations.Nordoesraisingsuchquestionsdenytheexistenceofthepersonalanguishthatisoftenassociatedwith"mentalillness."Anxietyanddepressionexist.Psychologicalsufferingexists.Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.

Atitsheart,thequestionofwhetherthesanecanbedistinguishedfromtheinsaneisasimplematter:Dothesalientcharacteristicsthatleadtodiagnosesresideinthepatientsthemselvesorintheenvironmentsandcontextsinwhichobserversfindthem?FromBleuler,throughKretchmer,throughtheformulatorsoftherecentlyrevisedDiagnosticandStatisticalManualoftheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation,thebeliefhasbeenstrongthatpatientspresentsymptoms,thatthosesymptomscanbecategorized,andimplicitly,thatthesanearedistinguishablefromtheinsane.Morerecently,however,thisbeliefhasbeenquestioned.Basedinpartontheoreticalandanthropologicalconsiderations,butalsoonphilosophical,legal,andtherapeuticones,theviewhasgrownthatpsychologicalcategorizationofmentalillnessisuselessatbestanddownrightharmful,misleading,andpejorativeatworst.Psychiatricdiagnoses,inthisview,areinthemindsoftheobserversandarenotvalidsummariesofcharacteristicsdisplayedbytheobserved.

Gainscanbemadeindecidingwhichoftheseismorenearlyaccuratebygettingnormalpeopleadmittedtopsychiatrichospitalsandthendeterminingwhethertheywerediscoveredtobesaneand,ifso,how.Ifthesanityofsuchpseudopatientswerealwaysdetected,therewouldbeprimafacieevidencethatasaneindividualcanbedistinguishedfromtheinsanecontextinwhichheisfound.Normalityisdistinctenoughthatitcanberecognizedwhereveritoccurs,foritiscarriedwithintheperson.If,ontheotherhand,thesanityofthepseudopatientswereneverdiscovered,seriousdifficultieswouldariseforthosewhosupporttraditionalmodesofpsychiatricdiagnosis.Giventhatthehospitalstaffwasnotincompetent,thatthepseudopatienthadbeenbehavingassanelyashehadbeenoutsideofthehospital,andthatithadneverpreviouslysuggestedthathebelongedinapsychiatrichospital,suchanunlikelyoutcomewouldsupporttheviewthatpsychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheword"them"inthelastsentenceofthefourthparagraphreferto?

3.Theword"pejorative"couldbestbereplacedby（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestexplainthelastpartofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Wecanjudgepreciselywhatconstitutesnormalityandabnormality.

B.Itisnoteasytodistinguishsanityfrominsanity.

C.Itisnodoubtthatsomebehaviorsofhumanbeingsareodd.

D.Settingswherepeoplearelivinghavemuchtodowithhowweknowwhatsanityis.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Questionsfromnormalityandabnormality.

B.Thediagnoses.

C.Normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity.

D.People.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peevish

B.depreciatory

C.negative

D.meaningless

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Psychiatricdiagnosisdoesn'tinformpeopleofthepatientbutoftheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

B.Thepatientisn'tbetrayedbypsychiatristsbutbytheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

C.Psychiatristsknowmoreaboutthepatientthantheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

D.Psychiatricdiagnosisislikelytoimprovetheenvironmentwherethepatientislivingwhichdoeslittlehelptohim.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Descriptionoftheexperimentofputtingsomesanepeopleinpsychiatrichospitals.

B.Argumentagainstthedifficultyofdistinguishingthesanefromtheinsane.

C.Descriptionoftheexperimentofsaneandinsanepeopleinthesamepsychiatrichospitals.

D.Argumentforthedifficultyoffindingoutwhoarerealpatients.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.”，可知無論我們個(gè)人多么相信我們能夠分辨出正常和異常，這些證據(jù)根本就沒有說服力。選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章四段，“Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.”，可知提出關(guān)于正常和異常的問題并不能質(zhì)疑某些行為是異常的或奇怪的這一事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)C可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容可知，人們生活的環(huán)境與了解理智的程度有很大關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)D可排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)A文中未提及。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句，“Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.”，可知但正常與異常、理智與瘋狂，以及由此產(chǎn)生的分析調(diào)查，可能并不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣具有實(shí)質(zhì)性。可知them指代前面出現(xiàn)的normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。pejorative“貶損的，貶抑的”；peevish“脾氣壞的，易怒的”；depreciatory“貶低的，輕蔑的”；negative“否定的，消極的”；meaningless“無意義的”。句意：越來越多的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，對(duì)精神疾病進(jìn)行心理分類，往好處說是無用的，往壞處說是完全有害的、誤導(dǎo)的和貶低的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…psychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.”，可知精神病學(xué)的診斷并很少告訴病人的情況，而是更多告訴他們所生活的環(huán)境。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.推斷題。文章最后一段主要提到了人神智是否清晰與所處的環(huán)境存在很大的關(guān)系。可推斷出下文可能會(huì)對(duì)這一話題進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的闡述，可能會(huì)描述一個(gè)將一些神志正常的人送入精神病院的實(shí)驗(yàn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Themostsuccessfulwaytosolvethelanguageproblemwhileaforeignplayisbeingperformedis______translation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.homogeneous同種類的B.simultaneous同時(shí)發(fā)生（或進(jìn)行）的；同步的

C.instantaneous立即的；立刻的D.spontaneous自發(fā)的；非籌劃安排的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息whileaforeignplayisbeingperformed（在外國戲劇上演時(shí)）和translation可推知，在看戲劇時(shí)，解決語言問題的辦法就是同聲傳譯，simultaneoustranslation表示“同聲傳譯”，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】在外國戲劇上演時(shí)，解決語言問題最成功的方法就是同聲傳譯。

10.單選題

EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butitisdifficulttoappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthereportfromtheModemLanguageAssociation(MLA).

ThereportisaboutPh.D.programs,whichhavebeenindeclinesince2008.Theseprogramshavegottenbothmoredifficultandlessrewarding:today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you’reunlikelytofindatenure-trackposition.

Thecoreoftheproblemisthejobmarket.TheMLAreportestimatesthatonlysixtypercentofnewly-mintedPh.D.swillfindtenure-trackjobsaftergraduation.Ifanything,that’swildlyoptimistic:theMLAgottothatfigurebycomparingthenumberoftenure-trackjobsonitsjoblistwiththenumberofnewgraduates.Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting.

Differentpeoplewilltellyoudifferentstoriesaboutwhereallthejobswent.Somecriticsthinkthatthehumanitieshavegottentooweird—thatundergrads,turnedoffbyanoverlytheoreticalapproach,don’twanttoparticipateanymore,andthatteachingopportunitieshavedisappearedasaresult.Otherspointtothecorporatizationofuniversities,whichareincreasinglyinclinedtohirepart-time,“adjunct”professors,ratherthanfull-time,tenure-trackprofessors,toteachundergrads.Adjunctsarecheaper；perhapsmoreimportantly,theyareeasiertohire.

Thesetrends,inturn,arepartofanevenlargerstoryhavingtodowiththeexpansionandtransformationofAmericaneducationaftertheSecondWorldWar.Essentially,collegesgrewlesseliteandmorevocational.Beforethewar,relativelyfewpeoplewenttocollege.Then,inthenineteen-fifties,theBabyBoompushedcollegestogrowrapidly,bulkinguponprofessorsandgraduateprograms.Whentheboomendedandenrollmentsdeclined,collegesfoundthemselvesoverextendedandcompetingforstudents.Bythemid-seventies,schoolswereseekingoutnewconstituencies—amongthem,womenandminorities—andcreatingnewprogramsdesignedtoattractabroaderrangeofstudents.

Thosereformsworked:abouttwiceasmanypeopleattendcollegepercapitanowastheydidfortyyearsago.Butallthatexpansionchangedcolleges.Inthepast,theyhadcateredtoelitestudentswhowerehappytomajorinthetraditionalliberalarts.Now,toattractmiddle-classstudents,collegeshavehadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness.Asaresult,humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity.

1.Whatdoestheword“appreciate”meaninParagraph1?

2.WhathasmadePh.D.programsunpopular?

3.TheMLAreportabouttheemploymentrateistoooptimisticbecauseit（

）.

4.Universityjobopeningsarediminishingduetothefactthat

（

）.

5.AccordingtoParagraph5,theAmericaneducationalinstitutions（

）overthepastdecades

.

6.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhatcurrentliberalartsmajors（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Enjoy.

B.Overlook.

C.Investigate.

D.Understand.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theynolongersaveyourtime.

B.Theycannotguaranteeasecurejob.

C.Theyarecompetitiveandtime-consuming.

D.Theyarenotsubsidizedbythegovernment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.overestimatesthejobmarket

B.failstoaccountforformergraduates

C.doesnotincludeallkindsofjobs

D.excludesnewly-graduatedPh.D.s

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thescaleofuniversitiesisshrinking

B.adjunctprofessorsarelikelytotakefull-timejobs

C.fewerundergraduateswanttomajorinhumanities

D.sometheoreticalapproacheshavebeenprovenwrong

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.haveresultedintenure-trackprofessors

B.haveattractedmoremaleandelitestudents

C.havebeenexpandingtooverseascountries

D.havebeguntoofferavarietyofvocationalprograms

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.aremoredesirablethaneverbefore

B.willcatertomiddle-classstudents

C.arelessappealingthanbusinessmajors

D.areascompetitiveasbusinessmajors

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:C

【解析】1.詞匯推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段第一句。根據(jù)“EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butitisdifficulttoappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthereportfromtheModemLanguageAssociation(MLA).（每個(gè)人都知道英語系有麻煩了，但是在你讀到來自現(xiàn)代語言協(xié)會(huì)(MLA)的報(bào)告之前，你很難理解到底有多大的麻煩。）”句中appreciate與句中know為同義詞，即“理解，明白”的意思。從而得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位在原文第二段第一句到第二句。根據(jù)“today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you’reunlikelytofindatenure-trackposition.（如今，獲得博士學(xué)位可能需要近十年的時(shí)間，而且，在你的課程結(jié)束時(shí)，你不太可能找到一個(gè)終身職位。）”從而得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“MLAreport”將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段最后一句。根據(jù)“Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting.（但這還不包括過去幾年來仍在找工作的數(shù)千名失業(yè)畢業(yè)生。）”即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段。根據(jù)“Somecriticsthinkthatthehumanitieshavegottentooweird”“overlytheoreticalapproach”“teachingopportunitieshavedisappeared”（一些批評(píng)家認(rèn)為人文學(xué)科已經(jīng)變得太奇怪了，“過于理論化的方法”，“教學(xué)機(jī)會(huì)已經(jīng)消失了”）”,即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段。根據(jù)“Essentially,collegesgrewlesseliteandmorevocational.（從本質(zhì)上講，大學(xué)變得不那么精英化，而是更加職業(yè)化。）”即可得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“collegeshavehadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness（大學(xué)不得不提供更多以職業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的專業(yè)，比如商科）”“humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity（人文學(xué)系發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在遠(yuǎn)離大學(xué)的中心）”即可得出本題答案。

11.單選題

Sinceabout1800,nearthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,coal,petroleum,andgashavebeenusedatarapidlyincreasingrate.Thesupplyofthese（1）islimited,andelectricpowerisvery（2）inmanyplaces.Somescientistsbelievesolarenergyistheonly（3）whichcanmeettheworld’senormous（4）forpower.

Greatprogresshadbeenmadeinharnessingthesun.Notonlyisthesunnowusedincooking,（5）italsosuppliespowerfor（6）thingsasbeaconlightsforshipsandairplanes.It（7）telephonelines,portableradios,electricclocks,hearingaids,andevencommunication.SomehomesandofficebuildingsintheUnitedStatesarenowbeing（8）withsolarenergy.

Thethreemostsignificanttypesofsolarequipment（9）arethefurnace,thestill,andthecell.Solarfurnacesheatwaterorair,（10）isthencirculatedthroughabuildingtomakeitcomfortable.

Solarstillsare（11）importantbecausetheycanprovide（12）wateratarelativelycheaprate.Saltcaneasilybe（13）fromseawaterwithasolarstill.

Themosthighlydevelopedtypeofsolar（14）equipmentisthesolarcell.Somecellsareso（15）thattheycanturn16percentoftheenergytheyreceivefromthesun（16）electricenergy.Oneofthecell’sbiggestadvantagesis（17）itcanbemadeeithersmallenoughtocarry（18）largeenoughtoproduceacurrentthatcanrunanautomobile.Besides,ithasaverylonglife.Itisstilltooexpensiveforthe（19）consumerbutwhenwaysare（20）toproduceitmorecheaply,wecanexpectitsusetobewide-spread.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.materials

B.ores

C.reserves

D.fuels

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.abundant

B.adequate

C.scarce

D.rare

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.means

B.source

C.solution

D.resource

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.need

B.desire

C.necessity

D.supply

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.moreover

B.besides

C.however

D.but

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.some

B.many

C.such

D.these

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.connects

B.operates

C.drives

D.manufactures

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.heated

B.burnt

C.equipped

D.built

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.eversince

B.nowonder

C.inall

D.sofar

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.it

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.specially

B.especially

C.essentially

D.specifically

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.fresh

B.healthy

C.boiled

D.cool

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.dissolved

B.distinguished

C.divided

D.removed

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.electric

B.electronic

C.power

D.heating

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.powerful

B.resourceful

C.efficient

D.reliable

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.through

B.into

C.by

D.with

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.that

C.because

D.which

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.so

C.or

D.too

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.tipical

B.normal

C.average

D.general

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.discovered

B.invented

C.disclosed

D.revealed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:B

第18題:C

第19題:C

第20題:A

【解析】（1）考查名詞詞義辨析。從上下文可知，these指的是前面提到的coal,petroleum,gas這幾種燃料，所以空格處應(yīng)該也填寫表示燃料的詞。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（2）考查形容詞詞義辨析。abundant“豐富的”；adequate“充足的”；scarce“缺乏的，不足的”；rare“稀有的”。前文提到這些燃料有限，and后面的“electricpower”應(yīng)該與前文燃料一樣有限，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（3）考查名詞詞義辨析。語意：一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為太陽能會(huì)是唯一_____能夠滿足世界對(duì)能源的強(qiáng)烈_______。太陽能屬于一種能源，所以source符合題意。means“手段，方法”；solution“解決方法”；resource“資源”，比如人力資源。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（4）考查固定搭配。Meettheneedfor滿足······的需求。語意：一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為太陽能會(huì)是唯一一種能源能夠滿足世界對(duì)能源的強(qiáng)烈需求。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（5）考查固定搭配。Notonly…butalso為固定搭配，also可以省略，意識(shí)是“既······又······”。所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（6）考查固定搭配。such…as…意思是“像······這樣”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（7）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。與telephonelines,portableradios,electricclocks搭配的動(dòng)詞只有operate，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。connect“連接”；drive“推動(dòng)”；manufacture“制造”。

（8）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。heat“加熱”；burn“燃燒”；equip“裝備，配備”；build“建造”。根據(jù)上下文可知這里闡述的是太陽能的另一個(gè)用途：取暖。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（9）考查詞組辨析。eversince“自從······以來”；nowonder“怪不得”；inall“總共，共計(jì)”；sofar“到目前為止”。將各個(gè)詞組的意思代入到句子中，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（10）考查語法知識(shí)。逗號(hào)前面是一個(gè)完整的句子，所以空格所處的句子是非限制性定語從句。只有which能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（11）考查副詞詞義辨析。specially“專門地”；especially“尤其，特別”；essentially“本質(zhì)上”；specifically“明確地”?？崭裰械母痹~是用來修飾important這個(gè)單詞，來表示程度，“尤其重要”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（12）考查形容詞詞義辨析。fresh“新鮮的；淡水的”；healthy“健康的”；boiled“煮沸的”；cool“涼爽的，冷靜的”。根據(jù)后面一句Saltcaneasilybe_fromseawater,主語是salt，可知空格處是通過蒸餾來獲取freshwater“淡水”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（13）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析?？崭袼诰涞闹髡Z是salt，語意：鹽通過太陽能蒸餾器能夠很容易從海水中分離出來。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。dissolve“溶解”，一般指固體溶解在液體中；distinguish“區(qū)分”；divide“分割”；remove“移除”。

（14）考查名詞詞義辨析。electric“電”；electronic“電子”；power“電力；動(dòng)力”；heating“暖氣”。結(jié)合下文可知，太陽能蓄電池（solarcell）可以產(chǎn)生電能(electricenergy)，所以solarcell是一種動(dòng)力設(shè)備，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（15）考查形容詞詞義辨析。powerful“強(qiáng)有力的”；resourceful“資源豐富的”；efficient“效率高的”；reliable“可靠的”。后面提到16%的電能轉(zhuǎn)化率，所以空格處是說明效率高，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（16）考查動(dòng)詞詞組固定搭配。turn······into…“將······轉(zhuǎn)化為······”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）考查語法知識(shí)?？崭裉幍倪B接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語從句，從句句子完整，所以填入關(guān)系代詞that。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（18）考查固定搭配。either······or······“要么······要么······”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（19）考查形容詞詞義辨析。typical“典型的”；normal“正常的”；average“平均的”；general“一般的，普通的”。句意：對(duì)于_____消費(fèi)者來說太陽能電池還有太貴了。averagepeople“普通人”符合題意。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（20）考查動(dòng)詞搭配?？崭裉巹?dòng)詞要能夠與way搭配。discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；invent“發(fā)明”；disclose“公開”；reveal“揭露”。ways在這里是“方法”的意思，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.填空題

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth:Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillions（1）areoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresources（2）fromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythan（3）expendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowin（4）value,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefar

morethantheyneed（5）irony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,most

adultsofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompete（6）salesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaigns（7）towardchildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothink（8）anymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainly（9）theagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployamidesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibit（10）.

A.splendid

B.elegant

C.snobbish

D.prudent

A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily

B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits

C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily

D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily

A.marryingformoney

B.robbingone'swife

C.makingfortunes

D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers

A.brag

B.possess

C.arrange

D.pluck

A.detached

B.positive

C.cynical

D.liberal

【答案】1.more

2.away

3.is

4.nutritional

5.another

6.for

7.directed

8.of

9.not

10.overeating

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒?dāng)成千上萬的人由于經(jīng)濟(jì)不平衡、政治腐敗和戰(zhàn)爭而餓肚子時(shí)，還有成千上萬的人超重。前后進(jìn)行對(duì)比，說明超重的人更多，所以more符合題意。

2.考查固定搭配。divertaway“轉(zhuǎn)移”。空格處所在句子的句意是：肥胖是一個(gè)世界性的普遍現(xiàn)象，它對(duì)大人孩子都有影響，它迫使除了最貧窮的國家外的所有國家把稀有資源從食品安全上轉(zhuǎn)移到了照顧患有可預(yù)防的心臟病和糖尿病的人們。

3.考查動(dòng)詞的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵撼卦从跀z入的食物能量超過了被消耗的能量。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，為了避免重復(fù)，than后面省略了energythat，完整的句子應(yīng)該是energythatisexpended。

4.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儼丫哂邢M(fèi)水平的人變?yōu)榀偪褓徺I食物的消費(fèi)者，這些食物通常能量很高，營養(yǎng)價(jià)值很低。nutritional符合題意。

5.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵捍送猓澄锉贿^量生產(chǎn)，尤其是發(fā)達(dá)國家擁有的食物遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過他們所需要的食物--這又是一件具有諷刺意義的事。前面已經(jīng)提到過一件諷刺的事thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity，因此another符合題意。

6.考查動(dòng)詞短語?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鉃椋哼^量的食物使各大公司為銷售而進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭。competefor“為……而競(jìng)爭”。

7.考查后置定語。空格處所在句子的句意是：各大公司為了競(jìng)爭，采用的手段有：廣告，健康宣言，推出新產(chǎn)品，加量包裝，還有直接針對(duì)孩子的活動(dòng)?？崭裉幩诘膯卧~顯然是用來修飾campaigns這個(gè)單詞的，應(yīng)該填一個(gè)過去分詞來作后置定語，directtoward表示針對(duì)……。

8.考查固定搭配。thinkof“想出”。

9.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵恨r(nóng)業(yè)、食品、雜貨店、飯店、減肥業(yè)或制藥業(yè)都不會(huì)獲益。所以此處是一個(gè)否定的意思，not符合題意。

10.考查動(dòng)詞的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝藗兂缘枚鄷r(shí)，所有行業(yè)都會(huì)發(fā)展繁榮，所有行業(yè)都花錢請(qǐng)游說者去勸政府不要采取任何措施禁止過度飲食（overeat）。Inhibitdoingsth.“禁止做某事”。

13.單選題

Shedepictedthe________lifeofhumanbeings,andparticularlytheirmoralstressesandstrains.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outer

B.inner

C.superior

D.inferior

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.outer外表的，外邊的B.inner內(nèi)部的，內(nèi)心的

C.superior更好的，更高的D.inferior較差的，較低的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處作定語修飾下文的“l(fā)ife（生活）”，表示她描繪了人們什么樣的生活，由“moralstressesandstrains（道德壓力和緊張）”可知，這是對(duì)此種生活的舉例，道德壓力和緊張都屬于人的內(nèi)心精神狀態(tài)，所以本句說的應(yīng)該是人的內(nèi)心世界。inner指私密的、沒有展示給他人的部分，因此B選項(xiàng)inner“內(nèi)部的，內(nèi)心的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)outer“外表的，外邊的”指遠(yuǎn)離中心或在某物的外部，與題干語義相矛盾，應(yīng)該是“內(nèi)心世界”而不是“外表世界”；

C選項(xiàng)superior“更好的，更高的”指在品質(zhì)上更好或在級(jí)別上更高，不能和“moralstressesandstrains（道德壓力和緊張）”相對(duì)應(yīng)；

D選項(xiàng)inferior“較差的，較低的”指在品質(zhì)上更差或在級(jí)別上更低，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】她描繪了人類的內(nèi)心世界，特別是他們的道德壓力和緊張。

14.單選題

Meetingis,infact,anecessarythoughnotnecessarilyproductivepsychologicalsideshow.Perhapsitisourcivilizedwaytomoderating,ifnotpreventing,change.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.promoting

B.impeding

C.tempering

D.arresting

【答案】C

【解析】劃線詞后緊跟著一個(gè)條件句，說明moderate這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能會(huì)有兩個(gè)傾向，一個(gè)是prevent“防止，預(yù)防”，另一個(gè)就是change“改變”。A選項(xiàng)promote“促進(jìn)；推銷”；B選項(xiàng)impede“阻礙，妨礙”；C選項(xiàng)temper“調(diào)和，使緩和”；D選項(xiàng)arrest“逮捕，阻止”。結(jié)合句意判斷，C選項(xiàng)更合適。

15.單選題

Asadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamage,manyplantsandanimals（）asubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relieve

B.release

C.dismiss

D.discard

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。relieve解除，減輕；release釋放；dismiss解散，解雇；discard拋棄，丟棄。句意：許多動(dòng)植物會(huì)釋放一種物質(zhì)來吸收有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

16.單選題

Patentmedicinesalesmenhaveclaimedtohave（

）foralltypesofailments,fromcancertobaldnesstothecommoncold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.riddles

B.quandaries

C.remedies

D.remnant

【答案】C

【解析】riddle謎語，謎一般的人、東西、事情等；quandary困惑，窘境，為難；remedy補(bǔ)救，治療；remnant剩余。句意：專利藥品的銷售人員聲稱他們有治療各種疾病的方法，從癌癥到禿頂再到普通感冒。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

17.單選題

Manyofhisargumentshavenopertinencetothesubjectunderdiscussion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.significance

B.value

C.relevance

D.enlightenment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)significancen.重要性，意義；B選項(xiàng)valuen.價(jià)值，重要性；C選項(xiàng)relevancen.關(guān)聯(lián)，適當(dāng)，中肯；D選項(xiàng)enlightenmentn.啟迪，啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)。句意表明：他的很多觀點(diǎn)都與正在討論的議題無關(guān)。因此本題選擇C項(xiàng)。

18.翻譯題

Twomodesofargumentationhavebeenusedonbehalfofwomen’semancipationinWesternsocieties.Argumentsinwhatcouldbecalledthe“relational”feministtraditionmaintainthedoctrineof“equalityindifference”,orequityasdistinctfromequality.Theycontendthatbiologicaldistinctionsbetweenthesexesresultinanecessarysexualdivisionoflaborinthefamilyandthroughoutsocietyandthatwomen’sprocreativelaboriscurrentlyundervaluedbysociety,tothedisadvantageofwomen.Bycontrast,theindividualistfeministtraditionemphasizesindividualhumanrightsandcerebrates(崇尚)women’squestforpersonalautonomy,whiledownplayingtheimportanceofgenderrolesandminimizingdiscussionofchildbearinganditsattendantresponsibilities.Beforethelatenineteenthcentury,theseviewscoexistedwithinthefeministmovement,oftenwithinthewritingsofthesameindividual.Between1890and1920,however,relationalfeminism,whichhadbeenthedominantstraininfeministthoughtandwhich,stillpredominatesamongEuropeanandnon-Westernfeminists,lostgroundinEnglandandtheUnitedStates.Becausetheconceptofindividualrightswasalreadywell-establishedintheAnglo-Saxonlegalandpoliticaltradition,individualistfeminismcametopredominateinEnglish