考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theboydivedintothewaterandafter（

）seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.that

C.it

D.which

【答案】A

【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。After后面部分有單獨(dú)的謂語(yǔ)部分seemed，因此after后面接賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)成分。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A選項(xiàng)what可在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分。

2.單選題

Heisofa（

）mood;heneverfinisheswhathestarts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.variable

C.various

D.distinctive

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他這個(gè)人朝三暮四，做起事來(lái)總是虎頭蛇尾。

考查形容詞辨析。different個(gè)別的,與眾不同的;variable多變的,變異的;various各種各樣的,多方面的;distinctive有特色的,與眾不同的。這里形容這個(gè)人朝三暮四.故選B。

3.單選題

JogginghasbecomethemostpopularindividualsportinAmerica.Manytheories,evensomemysticalones,havebeenadvancedtoexplainthepopularityofjogging.Theplaintruthisthatjoggingisacheap,quickandefficientwaytomaintain(orachieve)physicalfitness.

Themostusefulsortofexerciseisexercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems.Ifthesesystemsarefit,thebodyisreadyforalmostanysportandforalmostanysuddendemandmadebyworkoremergencies.Onecantrainmorespecifically,asbydevelopingstrengthforweightliftingortheabilitytorunstraightaheadforshortdistanceswithgreatpowersinfootball,butrunningtrainsyourheartandlungstodeliveroxygenmoreefficientlytoallpartsofyourbody.Itisworthnotingthatthissortofexerciseistheonlykindthatcanreduceheartdisease,thenumberonecauseofdeathinAmerica.

Onlyonesortofequipmentisneeded—agoodpairofshoes.Physiciansadvisebeginningjoggersnottoruninatennisorgymshoe.Manydesignadvanceshavebeenmadeinonlythelastseveralyearsthatmakeanexcellentrunningshoeindispensableifarunnerwishestodevelopasquicklyaspossible,withaslittlechanceofinjuryaspossible.Agoodrunningshoewillhaveasoftpadforabsorbingshock,aswellasaslightlybuilt-upheelandafullheelcupthatwillgivethekneeandanklemorestability.Awiseinvestmentingoodshoeswillpreventblistersandthefoot,ankleandkneeinjuriesandwillalsoenablethewearertorunonpavedorsoftsurfaces.

Nootherspecialequipmentisneeded;youcanjoginanyclothing,youdesire,evenyourstreetclothes.Manyjoggerswearexpensive,flashywarm-upsuits,butjustasmanywearasimplepairofgymshoesandT-shirt;infact,manypeoplejustjoginlastyear'sclothes.Incoldweather,severallayersofclothingarebetterthanoneheavysweaterorcoat.Ifjoggersarewearingseverallayersofclothing,theycanaddorsubtractlayersasconditionschange.

Ittakessurprisinglylittletimetodeveloptheabilitytorun.TheAmericanJoggingAssociationhasatwelve-weekprogramdesignedtomoveformafifteen-minutewalk(whichalmostanyonecanmanagewhoisinreasonablehealth)toathirty-minuterun.Ameasureofcommonsense,aphysicalexamination,andaplannedscheduleareallittakes.

1.Theymainpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

2.Themostusefulkindofexerciseisexercisethat

（

）.

3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat

（

）.

4.Theauthor'stone

（

）.

5.Asusedinthispassage,theword“mystical”means（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussjoggingasaphysicalfitnessprogram

B.describethetypeofclothingneededforjogging

C.providescientificevidenceofthebenefitsofjogging

D.distinguishbetweenjoggingasa"commonsense"fitnessprogramandacult(崇拜)movement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.trainsthebodyforweightlifting

B.enablesapersontorunstraightaheadforShortdistanceswithgreatpower

C.isbothbeneficialandinexpensive

D.developstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofjogging,heartdiseaseisnolongeranAmericanproblem

B.joggingcanbeharmfuliftherunnerisnotproperlyprepared

C.warm-upsuitsarepreferabletogymshoesandT-shirts

D.joggingisbadfortheanklesandknees

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.skeptical

B.aggressive

C.approving

D.purelyobjective

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.awesome

B.horrifying

C.aspiritualdiscipline

D.vicious

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章首段提出慢跑是一種簡(jiǎn)便易行的且可以保持健康的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式。之后分別討論了跑步鞋、著裝、跑步能力。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Themostusefulkindofexercise定位至第二段:.Themostusefulsortofexerciseise0了，xercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems(最有效的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式就是可以訓(xùn)練心臟、肺部以及整個(gè)血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng))。故選D。

3.判斷推理題。第三段指出,對(duì)于慢跑者來(lái)說(shuō)選擇合理的跑步鞋的重要性。由此腿短,如果慢跑者沒(méi)有做好準(zhǔn)備,慢跑也可能會(huì)造成損害。故選B。

4.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章指出慢跑簡(jiǎn)便易行而且可以保持健康,還可以減少患心臟病的幾率。故選C。

5.詞義題?！癿ystical”出現(xiàn)在第一段,用于修飾“ones”(指代manytheories)。第一段主要指出慢跑這一運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目廣受歡迎,并有助于保持身體健康。故選C。

4.單選題

DespitetherecessioninBrazil,manyjobhuntersaretakingtheirlastsavingsandinvestinginEnglishlessonsbecausesomany_______employerswantworkerswithaknowledgeofEnglish.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevalent

B.proficient

C.prospective

D.prominent

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.prevalent普遍存在的，盛行的B.proficient熟練的，嫻熟的，精通的

C.prospective可能的，潛在的D.prominent著名的，杰出的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞jobhunters，可知這些求職者學(xué)英語(yǔ)是為了找工作，雇主是誰(shuí)還沒(méi)有確定，prospective符合語(yǔ)境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】盡管巴西經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，許多求職者還是把最后的積蓄花在了英語(yǔ)課程上，因?yàn)楹芏酀撛诠椭鞫枷胍獣?huì)英語(yǔ)的員工。

5.單選題

Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicofsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David.“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.”

Perhapsthemostmercilessrubberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours’sleep.Ifyou’vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.”

Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”

1.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad_______.

2.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans_______.

3.ManyAmericansbelievethat_______.

4.Theword“subjects”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nodriveandambition

B.noelectriclighting

C.thebestsleephabits

D.somethingtodointheevening

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife

B.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit

C.donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly

D.cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleep

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy

B.theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife

C.tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday

D.enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit

B.specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied

C.peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudied

D.thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.improveone’smemorydramatically

B.beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople

C.maintainone’sdailyschedule

D.feelenergeticandperformadequately

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.（我們睡眠不足危機(jī)的開(kāi)始可以追溯到一個(gè)世紀(jì)前燈泡的發(fā)明。）”以及后文的“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.（當(dāng)天很黑，我們晚上在農(nóng)場(chǎng)無(wú)所事事的時(shí)候，最好的睡眠習(xí)慣曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)加在我們身上。）”，由此可知那時(shí)因?yàn)橥砩弦驗(yàn)闆](méi)有照明所以農(nóng)場(chǎng)里沒(méi)有事情可做，人們不得不養(yǎng)成了睡9.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠習(xí)慣，所以B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)電氣照明”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有動(dòng)力和野心”文中沒(méi)有提到，C選項(xiàng)“最佳睡眠習(xí)慣”不符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“晚上有事要做”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中說(shuō)到了他們晚上無(wú)事可做。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit...Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.（人們?cè)谒咧凶鞅祝麄兩踔翛](méi)有意識(shí)到這件事……他們認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)事，因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得睡6.5個(gè)小時(shí)就夠了，但實(shí)際上他們需要7.5、8個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的睡眠才能感到精力充沛）”，由此可知美國(guó)人經(jīng)常睡眠不足，但他們不以為然，甚至忽視睡眠不足的后果，因此B選項(xiàng)“常常忽視睡眠不足的后果”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“即使在生活的壓力下也精力充沛”和C選項(xiàng)“不知道如何適當(dāng)?shù)胤潘勺约骸蔽恼聸](méi)有提到；D選項(xiàng)“只需6.5小時(shí)的睡眠”說(shuō)法有誤，文章提到他們自認(rèn)為6.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠足夠，事實(shí)上是完全不夠的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.（每當(dāng)來(lái)自工作、家庭、朋友和社區(qū)的壓力增加時(shí)，許多人認(rèn)為睡眠是他的計(jì)劃中最便宜的項(xiàng)目）”，由此可知美國(guó)人常常認(rèn)為在忙碌時(shí)，睡眠是第一件可以犧牲的事，因此A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一個(gè)人忙碌時(shí)，睡眠是第一件可以犧牲掉的事”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他們需要更多的睡眠來(lái)應(yīng)付日常生活的復(fù)雜性”與原文意思相反，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“睡眠是一天中任何時(shí)候都可以做的事”和D選項(xiàng)“充足的睡眠促進(jìn)人們的動(dòng)力和野心”文章沒(méi)有提及，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.（為了確定睡眠不足所產(chǎn)生的后果，研究人員讓subjects通過(guò)一系列心理和行為的測(cè)試，要求他們把一欄數(shù)字相加或者回憶剛讀過(guò)的文章。）”，由該句意思可推斷出subjects應(yīng)該指人。A選項(xiàng)“睡眠缺乏研究中的性能測(cè)試”；B選項(xiàng)“正在研究的特殊知識(shí)分支”；C選項(xiàng)“行為或反應(yīng)被研究的人”；D選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足的心理后果”。其中C選項(xiàng)更符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段“...theyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.（他們需要7.5、8個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的睡眠才能感到精力充沛）”以及最后一段“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers...Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.（我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果你睡眠不足，你的表現(xiàn)就會(huì)受到影響……短期記憶被削弱，做決定和集中注意力的能力也被削弱）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“感到精力充沛，表現(xiàn)良好”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“明顯提高一個(gè)人的記憶力”；B選項(xiàng)“在別人看來(lái)充滿(mǎn)活力”；C選項(xiàng)“保持每天的日程安排”都不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues（

）andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revolved

B.resolved

C.revived

D.revolted

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘試想一下，當(dāng)他的三個(gè)高級(jí)內(nèi)閣同僚都在周五晚上向他遞交了辭呈并進(jìn)行抗議，這對(duì)這位首相的打擊有多大?！芍@里應(yīng)選與resignedinprotest“辭職抗議”為并列關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞。A選項(xiàng)revolve“旋轉(zhuǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)resolve“解決”；C選項(xiàng)revive“使復(fù)活，使恢復(fù)”;D選項(xiàng)revolt“反叛，起義”。D選項(xiàng)的revolted與protest相對(duì)應(yīng)，D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Rightinthemiddleofthemayor'sspeechthatbroughtforthvariousreasonsfortherecentsharpriseinprices,anangryvoicewasheardinthecrowd,“thegovernment（

）hanged!”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.was

C.be

D.were

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：在市長(zhǎng)的演講期間，他提出了價(jià)格最近急劇上漲的原因。人群中傳來(lái)憤怒的聲音：“政府應(yīng)該被絞死”。此處考查的是省略了should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,因此后面要用be，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Theygathered（）informationbeforedesigningthemeasuringequipment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agreatmany

B.vastamountsof

C.alargenumberof

D.anumberof

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析。Agreatmany,alargenumberof和anumberof后都接可數(shù)名詞，information為不可數(shù)名詞，所以選用vastamountof，句意：他們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)測(cè)量設(shè)備之前收集了大量的信息。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Thesystemwasredesignedtoembracethenetworkandeventually（

）itinaprofitabledirection.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.control

C.install

D.steer

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“使適合，使適應(yīng)，改編”；B選項(xiàng)control“控制，支配，操縱”；C選項(xiàng)install“安裝，安置，使就職”；D選項(xiàng)steer“駕駛，掌舵，指引……的路線(xiàn)”。句意：該系統(tǒng)被重新設(shè)計(jì)，目的是使其與網(wǎng)絡(luò)兼容，并最終使網(wǎng)絡(luò)朝獲利方向發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thehealth-careeconomyisfilledwithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer”inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician—andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday",whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor'sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants-thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective.

1.Theauthor'sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Itcaninferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect

（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto

（

）.

5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbelikelytoagree?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

B.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealth-care

C.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

D.informpotentialpatientsoftheirhealth-carerights

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostofpatient'sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient'shealth

D.somepatientsmightrefusetoaccepttheirphysician'sadvice

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

B.warningthepatientthatahospitalstaymightbenecessary

C.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion

D.admittingthattheinitialvisitwasineffective

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.aproposalofcontrolmedicalcosts

B.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment

C.ananalysisofthecauseofinflationintheUnitedStates

D.astudyoflawsuitsagainstdoctorsformalpractice

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Fewpatientsarereluctanttoobjecttothecourseofthetreatmentprescribedbyadoctorortoquestionthecostoftheservices.

B.Themoreserioustheillnessofapatient,thelesslikelyitisthatthepatientwillobjecttothecourseoftreatmentprescribedortoquestionthecostofservices.

C.Thepayer,whetherinsurancecarrierorthegovernment,islesslikelytoacquiescetodemandsforpaymentwhentheillnessofthepatientisregardedasserious.

D.BothAandB.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提到在經(jīng)濟(jì)的大部分領(lǐng)域購(gòu)買(mǎi)者做出決定，但在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域卻不是如此（Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.）文章主要講述了衛(wèi)生保健領(lǐng)域醫(yī)生和病人奇怪的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系，其他幾段分析了這種關(guān)系的不同之處，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第三段最后一句話(huà)提到“因此，在醫(yī)院的政策和決策中，醫(yī)務(wù)人員是‘權(quán)力中心’，而不是行政部門(mén)”（Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration），根據(jù)asaconsequence可知，原因在該句的前面，Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."（難怪在醫(yī)院的眼里醫(yī)生才是真正的消費(fèi)者）。也就是說(shuō)醫(yī)生決定了醫(yī)院的收入，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到“醫(yī)生通常做出所有重大的購(gòu)買(mǎi)決定，如：病人是否應(yīng)該在下周三回醫(yī)院”（itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday"），選項(xiàng)A“指導(dǎo)病人買(mǎi)更多的醫(yī)療服務(wù)”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。最后一段作者指出75-80%的醫(yī)療花費(fèi)是由醫(yī)生決定的，而不是病人（Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients），因此針對(duì)病人或一般人的節(jié)約是相對(duì)無(wú)效的（Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective），由此可以看出作者對(duì)這種做法是持否定意見(jiàn)的，所以作者接下來(lái)可能會(huì)提出一些建議來(lái)改變這種行為，選項(xiàng)A“控制醫(yī)療成本的建議”符合題意。

5.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第二段最后一句提到很少有病人會(huì)為價(jià)格問(wèn)題來(lái)質(zhì)疑醫(yī)生，尤其是那些病重的病人（Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious），選項(xiàng)A的大意是很少有病人不愿意反對(duì)醫(yī)生，與原文不符合，因此符合題意。

11.單選題

Our（

）withthePresidentattheairportwasexciting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrival

B.encounter

C.endeavor

D.refreshment

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意:我們?cè)跈C(jī)場(chǎng)偶遇總統(tǒng),這真的令人激動(dòng)不已。只有選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis.Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’tsleepifhegoestobednow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asyoucan

B.howanimatedheis

C.tiredenough

D.hegoestobed

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】D

【解析】時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。hegoestobed改為weretogotobed,主句和從句部分都是表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，主句用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形，從句用wereto/should+動(dòng)詞原形。

13.單選題

ScientistsonTuesdaypushedthehandsoftheinfamous“DoomsdayClock”forwardoneminutefromlastyear,signalingtheir______pessimismabouttheeffortsofworldleaderstohandleglobalthreats.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.increase

B.increased

C.increasedly

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。空格前是their形容詞性物主代詞，后是名詞pessimism悲觀(guān)主義，所以空格處應(yīng)填形容詞，可排除A和C。increased“增強(qiáng)的”；increasing“越來(lái)越也多的，漸增的”。句意：周二，科學(xué)家們把臭名昭著的“世界末日時(shí)鐘”撥快了一分鐘，比去年提前了一分鐘，這表明他們對(duì)世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)對(duì)全球威脅的努力持……悲觀(guān)態(tài)度。B選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)“已經(jīng)增強(qiáng)的”，綜合句意D選項(xiàng)更符合。

14.單選題

Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencycouldbeachievedifseveralpeopleworkedtogethertosolveaproblemthanifonlyoneindividualworksonit.

Althoughgroupsoftenmayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereareconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroup.Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirection,butalsopermitstheorderly,constructiveexpressionofdifferentopinions;muchoftheleader’seffortmaybedevotedtoresolvingdifferences.Successinproblemsolvingalsodependsonthedistributionofabilitywithinagroup.

Althoughgroupsmayreachagreaternumberofcorrectsolutions,ormayrequirelesstimetodiscover

ananswer,theirefficiencyistypicallylowerthanthatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.

Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincreasetheprobabilitythatatleastsomebettersolutionswillappear.Nevertheless,studiesshowthatwhenindividualsworkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendstoproceedmoreefficientlythanitdoesingroups.

Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythanacompetentindividualdoes.Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.Whenonlyoneamongseveralsolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigherprobabilityofidentifyingtherightonethandoesanindividualalone.

1.Inagroup,problemsolvingneeds（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itiseasierforgroupstoreach（）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatunrestrictedsuggestionscanbringabout（）.

4.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatagroupwillbemoreefficientin（）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepresenceofaneffectiveleader

B.thebestwaytocollectresources

C.everyonetoworkharder

D.morefunds

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mistakestheywanttomake

B.theplacewhichtheywanttogo

C.theplacewheretheywanttorest

D.agreaternumberofcorrectsolutions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sometrouble

B.somebettersolutions

C.somemoretime

D.somemoreeffort

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.discussingdirections

B.correctingmistakes

C.dealingwithnationalproblems

D.findingaproblem

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Agroupofpeoplemaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythananindividual.

B.Theefficiencyofagroupisworstintheworld.

C.Agroupwillnotbeefficientindealingwithnationalpolicies.

D.Effectiveleadersoftensolvetheproblemsthemselves.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleader...ofdifferentopinions.”解決問(wèn)題需要一個(gè)有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，他不僅提供解決問(wèn)題的方向，而且允許有序地、建設(shè)性地表達(dá)不同意見(jiàn)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段可知，團(tuán)隊(duì)可能會(huì)更容易找到很多解決問(wèn)題的正確方案。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.”。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.”有時(shí)，社會(huì)需求可能需要就一個(gè)問(wèn)題達(dá)成集體協(xié)議，例如在政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下制定國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)或軍事政策。由此推斷，在處理國(guó)家問(wèn)題時(shí)，團(tuán)隊(duì)將會(huì)更有效率，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作而不是個(gè)人能力，所以只有選項(xiàng)A正確，其他選項(xiàng)均不正確。

15.單選題

France’s（

）ofnucleartestingintheSouthPacificlastmonthtriggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassdemonstrations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assumption

B.consumption

C.presumption

D.resumption

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assumption“假定，假設(shè)”；B選項(xiàng)consumption“消費(fèi)，消耗”；C選項(xiàng)presumption“假設(shè)，推定”；D選項(xiàng)resumption“恢復(fù)，重聯(lián)，（中斷后）再繼續(xù)”。句意：上個(gè)月法國(guó)在南太平洋重新進(jìn)行核試驗(yàn)引發(fā)了政界的爭(zhēng)論和群眾游行示威。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，談及到法國(guó)重新進(jìn)行核試驗(yàn)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredasadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedications,suchassteroids,thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenasithastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult,theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonjoints),gout,boneandjointdiseases(includingrupturedintervertebraldiscs),varicoseveins,respiratoryailments,andgallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,cervix,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,esophagus,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenMBI(body-massindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeupAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

11.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

12.Accordingtothepassage,（）

13.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

14.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting.

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyhealthproblems.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids.

B.Obesitydoesnotaffectaperson’schancesofgettingcancer.

C.Adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone’sageandsex.

D.Obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday’ssociety.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dietsdon’tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits.

B.Dietsleadtoguiltanddepression.

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingsofdeprivation.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpersons.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers.

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】11.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講肥胖可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多疾病。D選項(xiàng)“肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多疾病”，選項(xiàng)D正確。C選項(xiàng)“肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾病”，文章只是稍微提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“許多人不斷節(jié)食”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。A選項(xiàng)“肥胖給心臟帶來(lái)負(fù)擔(dān)”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.（肥胖通常被定義為一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型超出正常范圍的脂肪堆積。）也就是說(shuō)，肥胖的診斷是基于一個(gè)人的年齡和性別的正常體重。選項(xiàng)C“肥胖的診斷是基于一個(gè)人的年齡和性別的正常體重”與原文描述