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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Theboydivedintothewaterandafter(
)seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.what
B.that
C.it
D.which
【答案】A
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。After后面部分有單獨(dú)的謂語(yǔ)部分seemed,因此after后面接賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ)成分。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A選項(xiàng)what可在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分。
2.單選題
Heisofa(
)mood;heneverfinisheswhathestarts.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.different
B.variable
C.various
D.distinctive
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他這個(gè)人朝三暮四,做起事來(lái)總是虎頭蛇尾。
考查形容詞辨析。different個(gè)別的,與眾不同的;variable多變的,變異的;various各種各樣的,多方面的;distinctive有特色的,與眾不同的。這里形容這個(gè)人朝三暮四.故選B。
3.單選題
JogginghasbecomethemostpopularindividualsportinAmerica.Manytheories,evensomemysticalones,havebeenadvancedtoexplainthepopularityofjogging.Theplaintruthisthatjoggingisacheap,quickandefficientwaytomaintain(orachieve)physicalfitness.
Themostusefulsortofexerciseisexercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems.Ifthesesystemsarefit,thebodyisreadyforalmostanysportandforalmostanysuddendemandmadebyworkoremergencies.Onecantrainmorespecifically,asbydevelopingstrengthforweightliftingortheabilitytorunstraightaheadforshortdistanceswithgreatpowersinfootball,butrunningtrainsyourheartandlungstodeliveroxygenmoreefficientlytoallpartsofyourbody.Itisworthnotingthatthissortofexerciseistheonlykindthatcanreduceheartdisease,thenumberonecauseofdeathinAmerica.
Onlyonesortofequipmentisneeded—agoodpairofshoes.Physiciansadvisebeginningjoggersnottoruninatennisorgymshoe.Manydesignadvanceshavebeenmadeinonlythelastseveralyearsthatmakeanexcellentrunningshoeindispensableifarunnerwishestodevelopasquicklyaspossible,withaslittlechanceofinjuryaspossible.Agoodrunningshoewillhaveasoftpadforabsorbingshock,aswellasaslightlybuilt-upheelandafullheelcupthatwillgivethekneeandanklemorestability.Awiseinvestmentingoodshoeswillpreventblistersandthefoot,ankleandkneeinjuriesandwillalsoenablethewearertorunonpavedorsoftsurfaces.
Nootherspecialequipmentisneeded;youcanjoginanyclothing,youdesire,evenyourstreetclothes.Manyjoggerswearexpensive,flashywarm-upsuits,butjustasmanywearasimplepairofgymshoesandT-shirt;infact,manypeoplejustjoginlastyear'sclothes.Incoldweather,severallayersofclothingarebetterthanoneheavysweaterorcoat.Ifjoggersarewearingseverallayersofclothing,theycanaddorsubtractlayersasconditionschange.
Ittakessurprisinglylittletimetodeveloptheabilitytorun.TheAmericanJoggingAssociationhasatwelve-weekprogramdesignedtomoveformafifteen-minutewalk(whichalmostanyonecanmanagewhoisinreasonablehealth)toathirty-minuterun.Ameasureofcommonsense,aphysicalexamination,andaplannedscheduleareallittakes.
1.Theymainpurposeofthispassageisto(
).
2.Themostusefulkindofexerciseisexercisethat
(
).
3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat
(
).
4.Theauthor'stone
(
).
5.Asusedinthispassage,theword“mystical”means(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.discussjoggingasaphysicalfitnessprogram
B.describethetypeofclothingneededforjogging
C.providescientificevidenceofthebenefitsofjogging
D.distinguishbetweenjoggingasa"commonsense"fitnessprogramandacult(崇拜)movement
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.trainsthebodyforweightlifting
B.enablesapersontorunstraightaheadforShortdistanceswithgreatpower
C.isbothbeneficialandinexpensive
D.developstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.becauseofjogging,heartdiseaseisnolongeranAmericanproblem
B.joggingcanbeharmfuliftherunnerisnotproperlyprepared
C.warm-upsuitsarepreferabletogymshoesandT-shirts
D.joggingisbadfortheanklesandknees
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.skeptical
B.aggressive
C.approving
D.purelyobjective
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.awesome
B.horrifying
C.aspiritualdiscipline
D.vicious
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章首段提出慢跑是一種簡(jiǎn)便易行的且可以保持健康的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式。之后分別討論了跑步鞋、著裝、跑步能力。故選A。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Themostusefulkindofexercise定位至第二段:.Themostusefulsortofexerciseise0了,xercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems(最有效的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式就是可以訓(xùn)練心臟、肺部以及整個(gè)血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng))。故選D。
3.判斷推理題。第三段指出,對(duì)于慢跑者來(lái)說(shuō)選擇合理的跑步鞋的重要性。由此腿短,如果慢跑者沒(méi)有做好準(zhǔn)備,慢跑也可能會(huì)造成損害。故選B。
4.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章指出慢跑簡(jiǎn)便易行而且可以保持健康,還可以減少患心臟病的幾率。故選C。
5.詞義題?!癿ystical”出現(xiàn)在第一段,用于修飾“ones”(指代manytheories)。第一段主要指出慢跑這一運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目廣受歡迎,并有助于保持身體健康。故選C。
4.單選題
DespitetherecessioninBrazil,manyjobhuntersaretakingtheirlastsavingsandinvestinginEnglishlessonsbecausesomany_______employerswantworkerswithaknowledgeofEnglish.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.prevalent
B.proficient
C.prospective
D.prominent
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.prevalent普遍存在的,盛行的B.proficient熟練的,嫻熟的,精通的
C.prospective可能的,潛在的D.prominent著名的,杰出的
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞jobhunters,可知這些求職者學(xué)英語(yǔ)是為了找工作,雇主是誰(shuí)還沒(méi)有確定,prospective符合語(yǔ)境,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。
【句意】盡管巴西經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,許多求職者還是把最后的積蓄花在了英語(yǔ)課程上,因?yàn)楹芏酀撛诠椭鞫枷胍獣?huì)英語(yǔ)的員工。
5.單選題
Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicofsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.
Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David.“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.”
Perhapsthemostmercilessrubberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours’sleep.Ifyou’vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.”
Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”
1.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad_______.
2.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans_______.
3.ManyAmericansbelievethat_______.
4.Theword“subjects”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.
5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto_______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.nodriveandambition
B.noelectriclighting
C.thebestsleephabits
D.somethingtodointheevening
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife
B.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit
C.donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly
D.cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleep
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy
B.theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife
C.tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday
D.enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit
B.specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied
C.peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudied
D.thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.improveone’smemorydramatically
B.beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople
C.maintainone’sdailyschedule
D.feelenergeticandperformadequately
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.(我們睡眠不足危機(jī)的開(kāi)始可以追溯到一個(gè)世紀(jì)前燈泡的發(fā)明。)”以及后文的“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.(當(dāng)天很黑,我們晚上在農(nóng)場(chǎng)無(wú)所事事的時(shí)候,最好的睡眠習(xí)慣曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)加在我們身上。)”,由此可知那時(shí)因?yàn)橥砩弦驗(yàn)闆](méi)有照明所以農(nóng)場(chǎng)里沒(méi)有事情可做,人們不得不養(yǎng)成了睡9.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠習(xí)慣,所以B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)電氣照明”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有動(dòng)力和野心”文中沒(méi)有提到,C選項(xiàng)“最佳睡眠習(xí)慣”不符合題意;D選項(xiàng)“晚上有事要做”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤,文中說(shuō)到了他們晚上無(wú)事可做。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit...Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.(人們?cè)谒咧凶鞅祝麄兩踔翛](méi)有意識(shí)到這件事……他們認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)事,因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得睡6.5個(gè)小時(shí)就夠了,但實(shí)際上他們需要7.5、8個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的睡眠才能感到精力充沛)”,由此可知美國(guó)人經(jīng)常睡眠不足,但他們不以為然,甚至忽視睡眠不足的后果,因此B選項(xiàng)“常常忽視睡眠不足的后果”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“即使在生活的壓力下也精力充沛”和C選項(xiàng)“不知道如何適當(dāng)?shù)胤潘勺约骸蔽恼聸](méi)有提到;D選項(xiàng)“只需6.5小時(shí)的睡眠”說(shuō)法有誤,文章提到他們自認(rèn)為6.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠足夠,事實(shí)上是完全不夠的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.(每當(dāng)來(lái)自工作、家庭、朋友和社區(qū)的壓力增加時(shí),許多人認(rèn)為睡眠是他的計(jì)劃中最便宜的項(xiàng)目)”,由此可知美國(guó)人常常認(rèn)為在忙碌時(shí),睡眠是第一件可以犧牲的事,因此A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一個(gè)人忙碌時(shí),睡眠是第一件可以犧牲掉的事”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他們需要更多的睡眠來(lái)應(yīng)付日常生活的復(fù)雜性”與原文意思相反,故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)“睡眠是一天中任何時(shí)候都可以做的事”和D選項(xiàng)“充足的睡眠促進(jìn)人們的動(dòng)力和野心”文章沒(méi)有提及,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.(為了確定睡眠不足所產(chǎn)生的后果,研究人員讓subjects通過(guò)一系列心理和行為的測(cè)試,要求他們把一欄數(shù)字相加或者回憶剛讀過(guò)的文章。)”,由該句意思可推斷出subjects應(yīng)該指人。A選項(xiàng)“睡眠缺乏研究中的性能測(cè)試”;B選項(xiàng)“正在研究的特殊知識(shí)分支”;C選項(xiàng)“行為或反應(yīng)被研究的人”;D選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足的心理后果”。其中C選項(xiàng)更符合題意,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段“...theyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.(他們需要7.5、8個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的睡眠才能感到精力充沛)”以及最后一段“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers...Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn),如果你睡眠不足,你的表現(xiàn)就會(huì)受到影響……短期記憶被削弱,做決定和集中注意力的能力也被削弱)”,由此可知D選項(xiàng)“感到精力充沛,表現(xiàn)良好”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“明顯提高一個(gè)人的記憶力”;B選項(xiàng)“在別人看來(lái)充滿(mǎn)活力”;C選項(xiàng)“保持每天的日程安排”都不符合題意,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues(
)andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.revolved
B.resolved
C.revived
D.revolted
【答案】D
【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘試想一下,當(dāng)他的三個(gè)高級(jí)內(nèi)閣同僚都在周五晚上向他遞交了辭呈并進(jìn)行抗議,這對(duì)這位首相的打擊有多大?!芍@里應(yīng)選與resignedinprotest“辭職抗議”為并列關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞。A選項(xiàng)revolve“旋轉(zhuǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)resolve“解決”;C選項(xiàng)revive“使復(fù)活,使恢復(fù)”;D選項(xiàng)revolt“反叛,起義”。D選項(xiàng)的revolted與protest相對(duì)應(yīng),D選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Rightinthemiddleofthemayor'sspeechthatbroughtforthvariousreasonsfortherecentsharpriseinprices,anangryvoicewasheardinthecrowd,“thegovernment(
)hanged!”
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.is
B.was
C.be
D.were
【答案】C
【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意:在市長(zhǎng)的演講期間,他提出了價(jià)格最近急劇上漲的原因。人群中傳來(lái)憤怒的聲音:“政府應(yīng)該被絞死”。此處考查的是省略了should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,因此后面要用be,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
8.單選題
Theygathered()informationbeforedesigningthemeasuringequipment.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.agreatmany
B.vastamountsof
C.alargenumberof
D.anumberof
【答案】B
【解析】詞組辨析。Agreatmany,alargenumberof和anumberof后都接可數(shù)名詞,information為不可數(shù)名詞,所以選用vastamountof,句意:他們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)測(cè)量設(shè)備之前收集了大量的信息。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
9.單選題
Thesystemwasredesignedtoembracethenetworkandeventually(
)itinaprofitabledirection.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.adapt
B.control
C.install
D.steer
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“使適合,使適應(yīng),改編”;B選項(xiàng)control“控制,支配,操縱”;C選項(xiàng)install“安裝,安置,使就職”;D選項(xiàng)steer“駕駛,掌舵,指引……的路線(xiàn)”。句意:該系統(tǒng)被重新設(shè)計(jì),目的是使其與網(wǎng)絡(luò)兼容,并最終使網(wǎng)絡(luò)朝獲利方向發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Thehealth-careeconomyisfilledwithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer”inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.
Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician—andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday",whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious.
Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor'sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.
Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants-thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective.
1.Theauthor'sprimarypurposeisto(
).
2.Itcaninferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause
(
).
3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect
(
).
4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto
(
).
5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbelikelytoagree?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients
B.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealth-care
C.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority
D.informpotentialpatientsoftheirhealth-carerights
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital
B.mostofpatient'sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance
C.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient'shealth
D.somepatientsmightrefusetoaccepttheirphysician'sadvice
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices
B.warningthepatientthatahospitalstaymightbenecessary
C.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion
D.admittingthattheinitialvisitwasineffective
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.aproposalofcontrolmedicalcosts
B.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment
C.ananalysisofthecauseofinflationintheUnitedStates
D.astudyoflawsuitsagainstdoctorsformalpractice
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Fewpatientsarereluctanttoobjecttothecourseofthetreatmentprescribedbyadoctorortoquestionthecostoftheservices.
B.Themoreserioustheillnessofapatient,thelesslikelyitisthatthepatientwillobjecttothecourseoftreatmentprescribedortoquestionthecostofservices.
C.Thepayer,whetherinsurancecarrierorthegovernment,islesslikelytoacquiescetodemandsforpaymentwhentheillnessofthepatientisregardedasserious.
D.BothAandB.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提到在經(jīng)濟(jì)的大部分領(lǐng)域購(gòu)買(mǎi)者做出決定,但在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域卻不是如此(Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.)文章主要講述了衛(wèi)生保健領(lǐng)域醫(yī)生和病人奇怪的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,其他幾段分析了這種關(guān)系的不同之處,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
2.推理判斷題。文章第三段最后一句話(huà)提到“因此,在醫(yī)院的政策和決策中,醫(yī)務(wù)人員是‘權(quán)力中心’,而不是行政部門(mén)”(Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration),根據(jù)asaconsequence可知,原因在該句的前面,Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."(難怪在醫(yī)院的眼里醫(yī)生才是真正的消費(fèi)者)。也就是說(shuō)醫(yī)生決定了醫(yī)院的收入,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到“醫(yī)生通常做出所有重大的購(gòu)買(mǎi)決定,如:病人是否應(yīng)該在下周三回醫(yī)院”(itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday"),選項(xiàng)A“指導(dǎo)病人買(mǎi)更多的醫(yī)療服務(wù)”符合題意。
4.推理判斷題。最后一段作者指出75-80%的醫(yī)療花費(fèi)是由醫(yī)生決定的,而不是病人(Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients),因此針對(duì)病人或一般人的節(jié)約是相對(duì)無(wú)效的(Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective),由此可以看出作者對(duì)這種做法是持否定意見(jiàn)的,所以作者接下來(lái)可能會(huì)提出一些建議來(lái)改變這種行為,選項(xiàng)A“控制醫(yī)療成本的建議”符合題意。
5.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第二段最后一句提到很少有病人會(huì)為價(jià)格問(wèn)題來(lái)質(zhì)疑醫(yī)生,尤其是那些病重的病人(Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious),選項(xiàng)A的大意是很少有病人不愿意反對(duì)醫(yī)生,與原文不符合,因此符合題意。
11.單選題
Our(
)withthePresidentattheairportwasexciting.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.arrival
B.encounter
C.endeavor
D.refreshment
【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)句意:我們?cè)跈C(jī)場(chǎng)偶遇總統(tǒng),這真的令人激動(dòng)不已。只有選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
12.單選題
Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis.Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’tsleepifhegoestobednow.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Asyoucan
B.howanimatedheis
C.tiredenough
D.hegoestobed
E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題
【答案】D
【解析】時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。hegoestobed改為weretogotobed,主句和從句部分都是表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,主句用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形,從句用wereto/should+動(dòng)詞原形。
13.單選題
ScientistsonTuesdaypushedthehandsoftheinfamous“DoomsdayClock”forwardoneminutefromlastyear,signalingtheir______pessimismabouttheeffortsofworldleaderstohandleglobalthreats.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.increase
B.increased
C.increasedly
D.increasing
【答案】D
【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。空格前是their形容詞性物主代詞,后是名詞pessimism悲觀(guān)主義,所以空格處應(yīng)填形容詞,可排除A和C。increased“增強(qiáng)的”;increasing“越來(lái)越也多的,漸增的”。句意:周二,科學(xué)家們把臭名昭著的“世界末日時(shí)鐘”撥快了一分鐘,比去年提前了一分鐘,這表明他們對(duì)世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)對(duì)全球威脅的努力持……悲觀(guān)態(tài)度。B選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)“已經(jīng)增強(qiáng)的”,綜合句意D選項(xiàng)更符合。
14.單選題
Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencycouldbeachievedifseveralpeopleworkedtogethertosolveaproblemthanifonlyoneindividualworksonit.
Althoughgroupsoftenmayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereareconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroup.Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirection,butalsopermitstheorderly,constructiveexpressionofdifferentopinions;muchoftheleader’seffortmaybedevotedtoresolvingdifferences.Successinproblemsolvingalsodependsonthedistributionofabilitywithinagroup.
Althoughgroupsmayreachagreaternumberofcorrectsolutions,ormayrequirelesstimetodiscover
ananswer,theirefficiencyistypicallylowerthanthatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.
Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincreasetheprobabilitythatatleastsomebettersolutionswillappear.Nevertheless,studiesshowthatwhenindividualsworkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendstoproceedmoreefficientlythanitdoesingroups.
Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythanacompetentindividualdoes.Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.Whenonlyoneamongseveralsolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigherprobabilityofidentifyingtherightonethandoesanindividualalone.
1.Inagroup,problemsolvingneeds().
2.Accordingtotheauthor,itiseasierforgroupstoreach().
3.Theauthorthinksthatunrestrictedsuggestionscanbringabout().
4.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatagroupwillbemoreefficientin().
5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.thepresenceofaneffectiveleader
B.thebestwaytocollectresources
C.everyonetoworkharder
D.morefunds
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.mistakestheywanttomake
B.theplacewhichtheywanttogo
C.theplacewheretheywanttorest
D.agreaternumberofcorrectsolutions
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.sometrouble
B.somebettersolutions
C.somemoretime
D.somemoreeffort
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.discussingdirections
B.correctingmistakes
C.dealingwithnationalproblems
D.findingaproblem
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Agroupofpeoplemaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythananindividual.
B.Theefficiencyofagroupisworstintheworld.
C.Agroupwillnotbeefficientindealingwithnationalpolicies.
D.Effectiveleadersoftensolvetheproblemsthemselves.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleader...ofdifferentopinions.”解決問(wèn)題需要一個(gè)有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,他不僅提供解決問(wèn)題的方向,而且允許有序地、建設(shè)性地表達(dá)不同意見(jiàn)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段可知,團(tuán)隊(duì)可能會(huì)更容易找到很多解決問(wèn)題的正確方案。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.”。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.”有時(shí),社會(huì)需求可能需要就一個(gè)問(wèn)題達(dá)成集體協(xié)議,例如在政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下制定國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)或軍事政策。由此推斷,在處理國(guó)家問(wèn)題時(shí),團(tuán)隊(duì)將會(huì)更有效率,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作而不是個(gè)人能力,所以只有選項(xiàng)A正確,其他選項(xiàng)均不正確。
15.單選題
France’s(
)ofnucleartestingintheSouthPacificlastmonthtriggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassdemonstrations.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.assumption
B.consumption
C.presumption
D.resumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assumption“假定,假設(shè)”;B選項(xiàng)consumption“消費(fèi),消耗”;C選項(xiàng)presumption“假設(shè),推定”;D選項(xiàng)resumption“恢復(fù),重聯(lián),(中斷后)再繼續(xù)”。句意:上個(gè)月法國(guó)在南太平洋重新進(jìn)行核試驗(yàn)引發(fā)了政界的爭(zhēng)論和群眾游行示威。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境,談及到法國(guó)重新進(jìn)行核試驗(yàn),因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredasadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedications,suchassteroids,thatcancauseweightgain.
Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenasithastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult,theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonjoints),gout,boneandjointdiseases(includingrupturedintervertebraldiscs),varicoseveins,respiratoryailments,andgallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.
Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,cervix,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,esophagus,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.
Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.
ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenMBI(body-massindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.
ApollbyShapeupAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.
11.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?
12.Accordingtothepassage,()
13.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?
14.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?
15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.
B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting.
C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.
D.Obesitycanleadtomanyhealthproblems.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids.
B.Obesitydoesnotaffectaperson’schancesofgettingcancer.
C.Adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone’sageandsex.
D.Obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday’ssociety.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Dietsdon’tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits.
B.Dietsleadtoguiltanddepression.
C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.
D.Dietscausefeelingsofdeprivation.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpersons.
B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.
C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.
D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.
B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.
C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers.
D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】11.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講肥胖可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多疾病。D選項(xiàng)“肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多疾病”,選項(xiàng)D正確。C選項(xiàng)“肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾病”,文章只是稍微提到此內(nèi)容,可排除。B選項(xiàng)“許多人不斷節(jié)食”,不符合文章內(nèi)容,可排除。A選項(xiàng)“肥胖給心臟帶來(lái)負(fù)擔(dān)”,文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容,可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
12.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.(肥胖通常被定義為一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型超出正常范圍的脂肪堆積。)也就是說(shuō),肥胖的診斷是基于一個(gè)人的年齡和性別的正常體重。選項(xiàng)C“肥胖的診斷是基于一個(gè)人的年齡和性別的正常體重”與原文描述
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