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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Theownerofacarisnolongerforcedtorelyonpublictransportationandistherefore,not()toworklocally.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.compelled
B.obliged
C.restricted
D.repelled
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compelled“強(qiáng)迫”;B選項(xiàng)obliged“約束”;C選項(xiàng)restricted“限制”;D選項(xiàng)repelled“擊退”。句意:有車的人不再被迫依賴公共交通,因此也就不再局限于在當(dāng)?shù)毓ぷ?。本句表示工作地點(diǎn)不受到限制,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
VideoconferencingisnothingmorethanatelevisionsetorPCmonitorwithacamerathroughthevideoconferencing,notonlyyourvoicebutalsoyourface,thesurroundingsandanyothergraphicandphysical(1)canbecapturedandtransmittedthroughthecommunicationsystemwithorwithoutwires.Ofcourse,whenyougointothedetails,thetechnologyinvolvedisvery(2)andthesubjectmatterlitteredwithjargon.SuchasISDN(IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork),POTS(PlainOldTelephoneService)orthe(3)behindbandwidth,latencyandisochronywhichareusedtoexplainhowvideoconferencingworks.Goodpeoplecommunicationis(4)inanybusiness,andthemoreinteractionyoucanachieve,themorelikelyitisthatyour(5)willbetherightones.Videoconferencingnotonlyallowsyoutospeaktopeopleindifferentlocations,butalsonote(6)expressionsandgesturesthatletyouknowwhattheotherpersonisreallythinking.Meetingaremademore(7)bysharingdocumentsandcomputerapplicationsthatasimpletelephonecannot(8)
.(9),organizationsarediscoveringthecompetitiveadvantagesandthepowerofvideoconferencing.Withadvancesinperformance,economicalpricing,theabilityto(10)essentialmeetingtoolsandconnectivitytoglobaltelephonenetworksandstandardizedvideoconferencingprotocols,videoconferencingisnowapracticalrealityforanyorganization.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.fortunately
B.effective
C.images
D.articulate
E.facial
F.manage
G.decisions
H.connect
I.advanced
J.integrate
K.progressive
L.concepts
M.pictures
N.increasingly
O.important
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.fortunately
B.effective
C.images
D.articulate
E.facial
F.manage
G.decisions
H.connect
I.advanced
J.integrate
K.progressive
L.concepts
M.pictures
N.increasingly
O.important
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.fortunately
B.effective
C.images
D.articulate
E.facial
F.manage
G.decisions
H.connect
I.advanced
J.integrate
K.progressive
L.concepts
M.pictures
N.increasingly
O.important
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.fortunately
B.effective
C.images
D.articulate
E.facial
F.manage
G.decisions
H.connect
I.advanced
J.integrate
K.progressive
L.concepts
M.pictures
N.increasingly
O.important
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.fortunately
B.effective
C.images
D.articulate
E.facial
F.manage
G.decisions
H.connect
I.advanced
J.integrate
K.progressive
L.concepts
M.pictures
N.increasingly
O.important
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.fortunately
B.effective
C.images
D.articulate
E.facial
F.manage
G.decisions
H.connect
I.advanced
J.integrate
K.progressive
L.concepts
M.pictures
N.increasingly
O.important
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.fortunately
B.effective
C.images
D.articulate
E.facial
F.manage
G.decisions
H.connect
I.advanced
J.integrate
K.progressive
L.concepts
M.pictures
N.increasingly
O.important
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.fortunately
B.effective
C.images
D.articulate
E.facial
F.manage
G.decisions
H.connect
I.advanced
J.integrate
K.progressive
L.concepts
M.pictures
N.increasingly
O.important
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.fortunately
B.effective
C.images
D.articulate
E.facial
F.manage
G.decisions
H.connect
I.advanced
J.integrate
K.progressive
L.concepts
M.pictures
N.increasingly
O.important
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.fortunately
B.effective
C.images
D.articulate
E.facial
F.manage
G.decisions
H.connect
I.advanced
J.integrate
K.progressive
L.concepts
M.pictures
N.increasingly
O.important
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:I
第3題:L
第4題:O
第5題:G
第6題:E
第7題:B
第8題:F
第9題:N
第10題:J
【解析】(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知填空處應(yīng)填入名詞,再由句意可知,被拍攝且傳輸應(yīng)該是images,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知填空處應(yīng)填入形容詞,根據(jù)下句“l(fā)itteredwithjargon”可知,選項(xiàng)I符合語境。
(3)根據(jù)下文“...whichareusedtoexplainhowvideoconferencingworks.”用來解釋視頻會(huì)議是如何工作的。由此推斷,這里應(yīng)該指帶寬、延遲和等時(shí)性背后的概念,選項(xiàng)L正確。
(4)根據(jù)句意:良好的人際溝通在任何行業(yè)都是至關(guān)重要的。選項(xiàng)O符合語境。
(5)根據(jù)句意:你能達(dá)到的互動(dòng)越多,你的決定就越有可能是正確的。選項(xiàng)G符合原文。
(6)根據(jù)下文的“expressionsandgestures”可知,原文指面部表情和手勢,所以選項(xiàng)E正確。
(7)根據(jù)句意可知,通過共享文檔和計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用程序,使得會(huì)議更高效。選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意。
(8)根據(jù)原文可知,共享文檔和計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用程序是一個(gè)簡單的電話所無法操作的,選項(xiàng)F符合語境。
(9)根據(jù)下文,組織正在發(fā)現(xiàn)視頻會(huì)議的競爭優(yōu)勢和力量。選項(xiàng)N越來越多地,符合原文語境。
(10)根據(jù)原文句意可知,這里指具備整合必要會(huì)議工具的能力。所以選項(xiàng)J符合原文語境。
3.單選題
ItoldhimthatIwould(
)himtoactformewhileIwasawayfromoffice.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.identify
B.authorize
C.rationalize
D.justify
【答案】B
【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。identify“確定;鑒定”;authorize“批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可;授權(quán)給”;rationalize“使……合理化”;justify“證明...是正當(dāng)?shù)模惶妗?。句意:我告訴他在我不在辦公室期間,我會(huì)授權(quán)他代表我。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
4.單選題
Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed(exactlyaswritten)onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandJamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologistscollectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.
Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments“ragsweretransferredtothePianolarollandevenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance,itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.
Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteen-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabrightmemorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.Typicallyeachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintactinfinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbasscalledbyjazzmusiciansaboom—chickbass—inthepianist’slefthandanditsmelodicsyncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.
Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstitutionalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofJazz.Asagenreragtimerequiresstrictattentionofstructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.
36.AccordingtoParagraph1,RalphVaughanWilliams,AntonDvorak,andScottJoplinaresimilarinthattheyall______.
37.Theword“inherently”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby______.
38.AccordingtoParagraph3,allthefollowingarewhattheragtimecomposermostconcernedwithEXCEPT______.
39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenragtimeandjazz?
40.Itcaninferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatthemostimportantfeatureofragtimemusicisits______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.conductedresearchintomusicologicalhistory
B.wroteoriginalcompositionsbasedonfolktunes
C.collectedandrecordedabbreviatedpianosuites
D.createdintricatesonata-likemusicalstructures
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.intrinsically
B.artificially
C.monotonously
D.apparently
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.developmentofmusicalthemes
B.asubjectdownintactinfinishedform
C.clear,sharpmelodicfigures
D.connectingittovariousrelatedsubjects
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Aninstrumentalandmusicaltechniques.
B.Aninstrumentalmannerandamelody.
C.Agenreandmusicaltechniques.
D.Aninstrumentalmannerandagenre.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.formalstructure
B.emotionalrange
C.improvisationalopportunities
D.roleasaforerunnerofjazz
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
36.AccordingtoParagraph1,RalphVaughanWilliams,AntonDvorak,andScottJoplinaresimilarinthattheyall______.36.根據(jù)第一段,拉爾夫沃恩威廉姆斯、安東德沃夏克和斯科特喬普林都______,這一點(diǎn)很相似。
A.conductedresearchintomusicologicalhistoryA.對音樂學(xué)歷史進(jìn)行了研究
B.wroteoriginalcompositionsbasedonfolktunesB.是根據(jù)民間曲調(diào)創(chuàng)作的原創(chuàng)作品
C.collectedandrecordedabbreviatedpianosuitesC.收集并錄制了簡短的鋼琴組曲
D.createdintricatesonata-likemusicalstructuresD.創(chuàng)造了復(fù)雜的奏鳴曲式的音樂結(jié)構(gòu)
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】定位第一段“雷格泰姆是一種音樂形式,它將民間旋律(folkmelodies)和音樂技巧綜合成一種簡短的類似方舞舞曲的形式,嚴(yán)格地按照創(chuàng)作一樣在鋼琴上演奏。拉爾夫沃恩威廉姆斯、愛德華格里格和安東德沃夏克等歐洲作曲家與美國的先驅(qū)拉雷格泰姆作曲家有著強(qiáng)烈的相似之處。像斯科特喬普林和詹姆斯斯科特這樣的作曲家在某種意義上是收藏家或音樂學(xué)家,他們收集黑人社區(qū)的舞蹈和民間音樂(folkmusic),并有意識(shí)地把它們編成簡短的組曲或選集(consciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologies),稱為鋼琴散拍樂曲?!保瑥闹形覀兛芍?,雷格泰姆音樂是將民間旋律和音樂技巧結(jié)合,并在鋼琴上演奏,拉爾夫沃恩威廉姆斯、安東德沃夏克和雷格泰姆風(fēng)格類似,而斯科特喬普林也是收集民間音樂并編曲,其中的關(guān)鍵詞是folkmusic,所以他們的相似之處就是,他們都是根據(jù)民間旋律創(chuàng)作作品,B項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A、D選項(xiàng)在該段沒有提到,屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)只是針對斯科特喬普林來說,并不全面,屬于以偏概全。
37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
37.Theword“inherently”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby______.37.第二段中的“inherently”一詞最好用______代替。
A.intrinsicallyA.本質(zhì)地,固有的
B.artificiallyB.人工地
C.monotonouslyC.無變化地,單調(diào)地
D.apparentlyD.顯然地
【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測題。
【解題思路】定位第二段第三句“然而,沒有理由僅因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)制造商采用了一種機(jī)械的錄音方法來錄制散拍樂,而這是當(dāng)時(shí)錄制鋼琴音樂的唯一方法,就認(rèn)為散拍樂inherently就是呆板的”,在第一句也同樣提到“有時(shí)人們認(rèn)為散拍樂是呆板的”,從中我們可以推測,inherently表示“本來的”的意思,所以A項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不正確,屬于曲解原文。
38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
38.AccordingtoParagraph3,allthefollowingarewhattheragtimecomposermostconcernedwithEXCEPT______.38.根據(jù)第三段,除了______,下面所有的都是散拍樂曲作曲家最關(guān)心的。
A.developmentofmusicalthemesA.音樂主題發(fā)展
B.asubjectdownintactinfinishedformB.一個(gè)完整的主題
C.clear,sharpmelodicfiguresC.清晰的、尖銳的旋律
D.connectingittovariousrelatedsubjectsD.將其與各種相關(guān)主題聯(lián)系起來
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】定位第三段倒數(shù)第二句“散拍樂作曲家關(guān)心的不是音樂主題的發(fā)展(Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes),而是把一個(gè)完整的主題(atheme)以完整的形式記錄下來,并把它與各種相關(guān)的主題聯(lián)系起來(linksittovariousrelatedthemes)”,以及倒數(shù)第三句“因此,主題必須是簡短的,清晰的,尖銳的旋律(clear,sharpmelodicfigures)”,從中可知A項(xiàng)是散拍樂曲作曲家不關(guān)心的。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均是散拍樂曲作曲家關(guān)心的。
39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenragtimeandjazz?39.根據(jù)第四段,散拍樂和爵士樂的主要區(qū)別是什么?
A.Aninstrumentalandmusicaltechniques.A.一種樂器技巧和音樂技巧。
B.Aninstrumentalmannerandamelody.B.一種樂器方法和旋律。
C.Agenreandmusicaltechniques.C.音樂流派和音樂技巧。
D.Aninstrumentalmannerandagenre.D.一種樂器方法和流派。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】定位至第四段,文中提到“無論是作為一種器樂風(fēng)格(institutionalstyle)還是一種流派(genre),散拍樂都與爵士樂截然不同”,從中可知,散拍樂和爵士樂主要在于institutionalstyle和genre上的區(qū)別,D選項(xiàng)表達(dá)最完整,因此正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)表達(dá)不全面,屬于以偏概全。
40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
40.Itcaninferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatthemostimportantfeatureofragtimemusicisits______.40.可以推斷出,文章的作者認(rèn)為散拍樂最重要的特征是它的______。
A.formalstructureA.形式結(jié)構(gòu)
B.emotionalrangeB.情緒廣度
C.improvisationalopportunitiesC.即興機(jī)會(huì)
D.roleasaforerunnerofjazzD.爵士樂先驅(qū)的角色
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“散拍樂的精確性不是一種呆板的精確,這種精確也并不局限于表演風(fēng)格,它來自于散拍樂遵循的一個(gè)明確定義的形式(awell-definedform),并在這個(gè)形式中遵守簡單的規(guī)則”,第三段第一句“鋼琴散拍樂的經(jīng)典形式(classicformula)就是在16小節(jié)的旋律中安排3到5個(gè)主題,并且經(jīng)常以重復(fù)的形式組織起來(organizedwithrepeats)”,以及最后一段中的“散拍樂風(fēng)格強(qiáng)調(diào)的是重復(fù)的音樂節(jié)奏(apatternofrepeatedrhythms)……散拍樂要求嚴(yán)格注意結(jié)構(gòu)(requiresstrictattentionofstructure)……”,從中我們可以看出,散拍樂的特點(diǎn)就是遵循明確的形式規(guī)則和編曲結(jié)構(gòu),所以A項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)屬于編曲結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)之一,但并不全面,屬于以偏概全;
C選項(xiàng)沒有提到,屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)定位文章最后一句“散拍樂與其說是爵士樂,不如說是19世紀(jì)的民間音樂”可知,選項(xiàng)中的forerunner并不符合原文,屬于反向干擾。
5.單選題
Theargumentwassimultaneouslyapolicydebateandanextendedexegesisofacrucialphraseina1986federallawthatregulatesthehiringprocedures.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.exportation
B.expulsion
C.explication
D.expiation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exportation“出口;輸出;出口貨”;B選項(xiàng)expulsion“逐出;開除;除籍”;C選項(xiàng)explication“說明;闡明;展開”;D選項(xiàng)expiation“補(bǔ)償;贖罪;抵罪”。句意:這場爭論同時(shí)是一場政策辯論,也是對1986年一項(xiàng)管理招聘程序的聯(lián)邦法律中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵短語的延伸注釋。exegesis“注釋,解釋”,C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
In2005,PresidentBushputhispoliticalcapitalwherehismouthwas,andlost.Hewentall-outto()CongressandtheAmericanpeoplethatprivatizingSocialSecuritywouldbegoodandnecessary.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.argue
B.concede
C.convince
D.confess
【答案】C
【解析】句意:2005年,布什總統(tǒng)把他的政治資本一直掛在嘴邊,結(jié)果失敗了。他竭盡全力讓國會(huì)和美國人民相信,將社會(huì)保障私有化是好的也是必要的。argue爭論、證明;concede允許,承認(rèn);convince說服,使確信;confess供認(rèn),懺悔。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
7.單選題
Mr.Coleman,presidentoftheCollegeBoard,announcednewprogramstohelplow-incomestudents,whowillnowbegiven()allowingthemtoapplytofourcollegesatnocharge.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.scholarships
B.tuitionfee
C.loans
D.feewaivers
【答案】D
【解析】名詞詞義辨析。scholarship“獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,學(xué)問”;tuitionfee“學(xué)費(fèi)”;loan“貸款”;feewaiver“免除費(fèi)用”。句意:這些學(xué)生將被給予免除費(fèi)用的待遇,將允許他們允許免費(fèi)申請四所大學(xué)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
8.單選題
Historyhasdemonstratedthatcountrieswithdifferentsocialsystemsandideologiescanjoinhandsinmeetingthecommonchallengestohuman(
)anddevelopment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.evolution
B.survival
C.rivalry
D.dignity
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。evolution進(jìn)化,演變;survival生存,幸存;rivalry競爭,對抗;dignity尊嚴(yán)。句意:歷史已經(jīng)表明,不同社會(huì)制度、不同意識(shí)形態(tài)的國家可以攜手應(yīng)對人類生存與發(fā)展的共同挑戰(zhàn)。由anddevelopment可知該空與development是并列關(guān)系,故B項(xiàng)符合句意,答案B。
9.單選題
Thisbookshouldbewell-recommendedwithinthe(
)ofanyonewhohasstudiedEnglishforfouryears.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.possession
B.competence
C.confidence
D.qualification
【答案】D
【解析】名詞辨析。句意:應(yīng)向?qū)W過四年英語的人力薦這本書。
possession:擁有,所有,個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)。competence:能力,勝任,本領(lǐng)。confidence:信心。qualification:資格,條件。
10.單選題
Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.Andcertaintywastobeproducedbyadeductivemodel:thecorrectactionswerederivablefromclassicalfirstprinciplesorahierarchicallyrankedpantheonofprinciples.Thismodel,though,isbankrupt.
Isuggestwethinkofethicsasanalogoustolanguageusage.Therearenounivocalrulesofgrammarandstylewhichuniquelydeterminethebestsentenceforaparticularsituation.Norislanguageusageuniversalizable.Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.
Thisshouldnotsurpriseusintheleast.Allintellectualpursuitsarerelativisticinjustthesesenses.Politicalscience,psychology,chemistryandphysicsarenotcertain,buttheyarenotsubjectiveeither.AsIseeit,ethicalinquiryproceedslikethis:wearetaughtmoralprinciplesbyparents,teachers,andsocietyatlarge.Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.Orwemayfindourselvesinexplicablymakingcertainvaluations,possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.Orwemayreflectuponourownandothers’“theories”orpatternsofbehavioranddecidetheyareinconsistent.Theresultingviewsare“tested”;weactaswethinkweshouldandevaluatetheconsequencesofthoseactionsonourselvesandonothers.Wetherebycorrectourmistakesinlightofthetestoftime.
Ofcoursepeoplemakedifferentmoraljudgments;ofcoursewecannotresolvethesedifferencesbyusingsomealgorithmwhichisitselfbeyondjudgment.Wehavenovantagepointoutsidehumanexperiencewherewecanjudgerightandwrong,goodandbad.Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.
Weareleftwithintherealworld,tryingtocopewithourselves,witheachother,withtheworld,andwithourownfallibility.Wedonothaveallthemoralanswers;nordowehaveanalgorithmtodiscernthoseanswers.Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.
Ifweunderstandethicsinthisway,wecansee,Ithink,therealvalueofethicaltheory.Somepeopletalkasifethicaltheoriesgiveusmoralprescriptions.Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.Notheoryprovidesasetofabstractsolutionstoapplystraightforwardly.Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.
21.Ethicalprinciplesaregenerallythoughttobe________.
22.Inwhatwayisethicssimilartolanguageuse?
23.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatwemaylearnmoralprinciples“thehardway”?
24.Itisimpliedinthetextthatarelativisticviewofethnics________.
25.Theauthorassertsthatthetruevalueofethicaltheoryliesin________.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.explicitlyclear
B.implicitlyvague
C.certainbutnon-rational
D.relativebutnotsubjective
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Bothhaverulestodeterminetheoptimalchoiceunderacircumstance.
B.Bothvaryaccordingtothecontexttheyareapplicableto.
C.Bothareobjective,notsubjective,entities.
D.Similarsetsofrulescanbeappliedinquitedifferentsituations.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Wereevaluateourpreviouslyheldbeliefsaswegrowolder.
B.Werefutesomemoralprinciplesonlyafterwefindtheminconsistent.
C.Weacquireasenseofrightandwrongfromreallifelessons.
D.Weactbyignoringourinheritedaltruistictendencies.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.canonlybeacquiredafterreallifelessons
B.oftengenerateunacceptableconsequences
C.ismorematureandrational
D.istooabstracttobeofanypracticalvalue
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.itsprescriptivepower
B.itsdiagnosticfunction
C.itseffectivenessinresolvingmoraldilemmas
D.itsrelevancetothesituation
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】21.實(shí)施細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.(我們假定道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要確定性的密封,否則它就是非理性的。),可知道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被視為非常明確,絕對,并且不是非理性的,A選項(xiàng)“明確清晰的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“隱隱約約,模糊”,C選項(xiàng)“確定但非理性”錯(cuò)誤和D選項(xiàng)“相對但不主觀”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.(雖然一個(gè)句子或短語在某種情況下是正當(dāng)?shù)?,但這并不意味著它在類似的情況下自動(dòng)適用。),可知道德和語言沒有固定和絕對的使用方法,而是要根據(jù)情況而定,也沒有特定情況,B選項(xiàng)“兩者都根據(jù)它們適用的背景而不同”正確,A選項(xiàng)“兩者都有在特定情況下決定最佳選擇的規(guī)則”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“兩者都是客觀的,而不是主觀的實(shí)體”:根據(jù)第二段最后一句Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.(然而,語言的使用并不是主觀的。),作者說的然而,可知作者想要表達(dá)的是語言是客觀的,而道德不是客觀的,故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“類似的規(guī)則可以應(yīng)用于相當(dāng)不同的情況”:沒有提到類似的規(guī)則的用法,屬于過度推斷,故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
23.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第四句Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.(我們可能會(huì)“吃了苦頭才明白”,有些行為會(huì)產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果。),行為產(chǎn)生后果,這里指的是在實(shí)際生活中檢驗(yàn)對錯(cuò),B選項(xiàng)“我們駁斥一些道德原則,只是在我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們不一致之后”錯(cuò)誤和C選項(xiàng)“我們從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的教訓(xùn)中獲得對與錯(cuò)的意識(shí)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“隨著年齡的增長,我們會(huì)重新評估以前持有的信念”:根據(jù)第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.(隨著年齡的增長,我們會(huì)接觸到不同的觀點(diǎn)。這些可能會(huì)引導(dǎo)我們重新評估目前持有的信念。),可知重新評估以前持有的信念和接觸不同觀點(diǎn)有關(guān),重新評估不是駁斥,故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“我們通過忽視我們遺傳的利他主義傾向來行動(dòng)”:根據(jù)第三段第七句possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.(這可能是因?yàn)檫z傳的利他主義傾向。),可知并沒有忽視利他主義,故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.(但是我們也沒有一個(gè)有利的位置,讓我們成為哲學(xué)相對主義者。)和第五段最后一句Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.(我們也沒有確定語言正確用法的算法,但這并不會(huì)讓我們因?yàn)樵僖膊荒芙涣鞫^望地舉手投降。),可知相對主義的觀念里,事情沒有固定的解決辦法,有時(shí)也會(huì)遇到困境,但是總體來說會(huì)積極面對,C選項(xiàng)“更加成熟和理性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“只有在真正的生活教訓(xùn)后才能獲得”:根據(jù)第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.(隨著年齡的增長,我們會(huì)接觸到不同的觀點(diǎn)。這些可能會(huì)引導(dǎo)我們重新評估目前持有的信念。),可知不同的觀點(diǎn)也會(huì)對此有幫助,故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果”:根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第四句Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.(我們可能會(huì)“吃了苦頭才明白”,有些行為會(huì)產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果。),可知不可接受的后果由某些行為產(chǎn)生,與相對主義無關(guān),故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“太抽象了,沒有任何實(shí)用價(jià)值”:根據(jù)第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.(倫理理論之所以重要,并不是因?yàn)樗鼈兘鉀Q了所有的道德困境,而是因?yàn)樗鼈儙椭覀冏⒁獾降赖聠栴}的顯著特征,并幫助我們在情境中理解這些問題。),可知相對主義在實(shí)際生活中有價(jià)值,故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
25.語義推測題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.(倫理理論之所以重要,并不是因?yàn)樗鼈兘鉀Q了所有的道德困境,而是因?yàn)樗鼈儙椭覀冏⒁獾降赖聠栴}的顯著特征,并幫助我們在情境中理解這些問題。),可知道德論的真正意義是幫助我們在情境中理解問題,不能直接解決問題,D選項(xiàng)“與情況的相關(guān)性”正確,C選項(xiàng)“解決道德困境的有效性”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“指令權(quán)”和B選項(xiàng)“診斷功能”:根據(jù)第六段第三、四句Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.(他們認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該像使用膏藥一樣應(yīng)用倫理原則:診斷出食物后,我們使用適當(dāng)?shù)姆罅?。但這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。),可知道德論和藥不是一回事,診斷以后就可以開藥,故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
Businesstravelersusedtobethecashcowsofthehotelbusiness.Armedwithcorporatecreditcardsandexpenseaccounts,they'dhappilylaydownhundredsofdollarspernightfortheprivilegeofaGodivachocolateontheirpillowandasunkenwhirlpooltubintheirbathroom.Butjustasprolongedcorporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstousebudgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewingfive-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations.Indeed,earlierthisyeartheU.S.-basedNationalBusinessTravelAssociationreleasedfiguresshowingthat61percentofcorporatetravelmanagersplannedtobooktheirpeopleintolower-pricedhotelsinthecomingyear.
Here'sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetterdealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike.Servicesatmiddle-markethotelsarerisingtoaccommodateanewwaveofmoredemandingcorporatecustomers.Andluxuryhotelsareworkinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoming,offeringlowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices.Eventhoughbusiness-travelvolumeissettorisebymorethan4percentin2004afterthreedismalyears,hotelswillcontinuetobeunderpressureinlargepartbecauseaweakdollarisforcingAmericanbusinesstravelerstosearchforvalue.
Someofthebestdealsarecomingfromthebigchains.InJanuary,StarwoodHotelsannounceditwouldupgradeitglobalmiddle-marketbrand.FourPoints,byrollingoutfreehigh-speedwirelessInternetaccessinallguestrooms.Ontheflipside,upscalebrandslikeInterContinentalandRitzCarltonaresellingemptyroomsatdiscountratesviaonlineservices.Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotelsmatchtheirowndiscountpricesallthetime.InterContinentalhotelsinFranceandGermanyhavebeenhitsohardthattheyareactuallyrepricingtheirroomstoreflectratesbeforethedollarbeganfalling.UpscalehotelslikeWaldorf-Astoria,Sofitelarealsotryingtoofferextraservices.
Butbewareofnew,hiddenfees.Inanefforttomakeupsomeoftheirlostrevenue,hotelsarestartingtochargecorporatetravelersforthingsthatusedtobefree——includingbreakfast,banquetormeetingrooms.
Asidefromsavingcompaniesmoney,thetrendinfrugalbusinesstravelmaygiverisetoawholenewmarketsegment:thebuy-to-lethotelroom.LastweekinLondon,BritishpropertydeveloperJohnnySandelsonlaunchedGuestlnvest,ahotelinNottingHillwhereuserscanpurchasearoomfor£235,000,useitforamaximumof52nightsayearthemselves,thenrentitouttherestofthetimetomakeextramoney.Itseemsanideawhosetimehascome:Guestlnvestsaysithasalreadyfieldedhundredsofcallsfrombusinesspeopleinterestedinmakingacheaperhoteltheirsecondhome.
1.Accordingtothepassage,businesstravelersusedto().
2.Howdohotelsreacttothepenny-pinchingpolicy?
3.Travelerscannowdemandhotelstomatchtheirownpricesbecause().
4.Comparedwithtraditionalhotels,thebuy-tolethotel().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.becustomersofluxurioushotels
B.booklower-pricedhotels
C.enjoyprivilegesinhotels
D.takebudgetairlines
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theyhavetoraisetheirrates
B.Theyofferbetterdealsfortravelers
C.Theychargemoreonextraservices
D.Theyaresufferingsuccessivedismal
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.travelersonlyhavelimitedbudget
B.travelersdemandforextraservices
C.hotelsaretryingtodepresstheirprices
D.hotelsaretryinghardtokeepgoodbusiness
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.costlessandcanbeprofitable
B.attractsmoreattentionsfromtravelers
C.providesbetterroomandservice
D.makestravelersfeelmoreathome
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知,商務(wù)旅行者過去怎么樣?”文章第一段第二句提到在企業(yè)緊縮預(yù)算的影響下,商務(wù)旅行者現(xiàn)在避開五星級酒店而選擇便宜的住宿地方(Butjustasprolongedcorporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstousebudgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewingfive-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations),由此可以推測過去他們常常選擇五星級酒店住宿,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“酒店如何應(yīng)對這種精打細(xì)算的政策?”文章第二段第一句話提到隨之而來的是便宜而且高檔的酒店的更加優(yōu)惠的政策(Here’sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetterdealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike),說明為了招攬顧客,酒店提供給商務(wù)旅行者優(yōu)惠政策,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“旅行者現(xiàn)在要求酒店的價(jià)格與自己期望的價(jià)格一致的原因是什么?”文章第二段第三句話提到“豪華酒店在努力吸引商務(wù)旅行者,給他們提供更低的價(jià)格、特殊的套餐和額外的服務(wù)”(Andluxuryhotelsareworkinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoming,offeringlowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices);第三段提到商務(wù)旅行經(jīng)理現(xiàn)在可以要求酒店一致保持與自己的折扣價(jià)格一致(Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotelsmatchtheirowndiscountpricesallthetime),這一系列的措施都是為了吸引顧客,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“與傳統(tǒng)酒店相比,‘先買后租’酒店怎么樣?”文章最后一段提到除了為公司省錢之外,還應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了一種新的市場:“先買后租”,即購買酒店房間,然后用來出租(Asidefromsavingcompaniesmoney,thetrendinfrugalbusinesstravelmaygiverisetoawholenewmarketsegment:thebuy-to-lethotelroom),這說明這種模式是為了省錢,后面又提到了能把買下的房間租給他人,說明還能賺錢,因此選項(xiàng)A“花費(fèi)減少,并且還能盈利”符合題意。
12.單選題
Shestilllooksweakthoughherfeversubsidedaftershetooksomemedicine.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.caught
B.reduced
C.camedown
D.gotoff
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)catch“抓住,感染”,B項(xiàng)reduce“減少,減小”,C項(xiàng)comedown“下來,降落,流傳下來”,D項(xiàng)getoff“動(dòng)身,免于受罰”。句意:她吃了藥后退燒了,但看起來還是很虛弱。Subside在句中表示“消退,減退”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是C項(xiàng)。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
13.單選題
Inthispoorcountry,survivalisstilltheleadingindustry;allelseis().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.luxury
B.accommodation
C.entertainment
D.refreshment
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)luxury“奢侈品,享受”;B選項(xiàng)ac
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