考研考博-英語-中國民用航空飛行學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國民用航空飛行學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hardworkandmalnutrition（

）hishealthandhelookedthinandpale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impaired

B.promoted

C.accelerated

D.smashed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。impair“損害”；promote“促進(jìn)”；accelerate“加速”；smash“擊碎，撞擊”。句意：繁重的工作以及營養(yǎng)不良損害了他的健康，他看起來瘦弱，臉色蒼白。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Thepolicebelievethatthethiefisstillonthe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.premises

B.diversity

C.emission

D.engagement

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。premises“處所”；diversity“多樣性”；emission“散發(fā)”；engagement“訂婚”。句意：警察相信，這個小偷仍在他的住所。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

2.Atfirst,thespeakerwasreferringtotheproblemofpollutioninthecountry,buthalfwayinherspeech,shesuddenly|（

）toanothersubject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.committed

B.switched

C.favored

D.transmitted

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。committo…“致力于…”；switchto…“轉(zhuǎn)換到...”；transmitto...“傳送到……”;favor不與tosth.搭配使用。句意：最開始演講者講述的是有關(guān)該國家環(huán)境污染的問題，但她演講到一半就突然轉(zhuǎn)到別的話題上去了。根據(jù)but和anothersubject“別的話題”可知，B項(xiàng)符合題意。故答案選B。

4.單選題

Ifelt___todeathbecauseIcouldmakenothingofthechairman’sspeech.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fatigued

B.tired

C.exhausted

D.bored

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fatigued“疲乏的；疲憊的；精疲力竭的（強(qiáng)調(diào)身體和心理都很疲倦）”；B選項(xiàng)tired“疲倦的（側(cè)重想睡覺或休息，需要休息，通常與醫(yī)學(xué)疾病有關(guān)）；厭倦的，厭煩的”；C選項(xiàng)exhausted“筋疲力盡的，疲憊不堪的（意味著你完全被耗盡了——身體上、精神上、情感上和社交上）；耗盡的，枯竭的”；D選項(xiàng)bored“無聊的；無趣的；煩人的”。句意：我___得要死，因?yàn)槲乙稽c(diǎn)也看不懂主席的講話。本句表達(dá)“我很無聊，因?yàn)槁牪欢飨闹v話”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Hisremarkswere（）annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soasto

B.suchasto

C.suchto

D.asmuchasto

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)soasto“以便；以致”；B選項(xiàng)suchasto“達(dá)到這樣的程度以致”；C選項(xiàng)suchto，沒有這樣的搭配，可排除；D選項(xiàng)asmuchasto“就像是”。由本句關(guān)鍵詞“annoyeverybody”（惹惱了所有人）可知，他的評論到達(dá)了很嚴(yán)重的程度以致惹惱所有人。句意：他的話讓會議上的每個人都很惱火。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Behindthe[A]aluminum’sversatility[B]liespropertiessodiversethat[C]theyalmostseemtobelongtoseveraldifferent[D]metals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aluminum’s

B.lies

C.they

D.metals

【答案】B

【解析】【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】主謂一致。

【解題思路】該句是介詞短語做狀語置于句首引起句子倒裝。主語為properties，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，因此，應(yīng)將B選項(xiàng)改為lie。

【句意】在鋁的多功能性背后，是各種各樣的特性，它們幾乎像是屬于幾種不同的金屬。

7.單選題

Thefollowingqualificationsareessentialforthepost:anhonorsdegreeinEnglish,_______inshorthandandtypewritingandsomeexperienceinjournalism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficiency

B.expertise

C.knowledge

D.familiarity

【答案】A

【解析】proficiency精通,熟練;expertise專門技術(shù);familiarity熟悉。句意：應(yīng)聘該職位必須具備以下條件:英語榮譽(yù)學(xué)位,速記和打字熟練,有一定的新聞工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

Theamountofopenspacehas（

）asmoreandmorelandisdeveloped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dominated

B.dwindled

C.dispersed

D.disseminated

【答案】B

【解析】dominate控制，支配，占優(yōu)勢；dwindle減少，變??；disperse分散，傳播；disseminate散布，傳播。句意：隨著越來越多的土地被開發(fā)，開放空間的數(shù)量減少了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

EversinceAntarcticexplorationbegan,menenteringonthefrozencontinenthavetakenforgrantedbeingcompletelycutofffromtherestofcivilization.Nowallthathaschanged.InJune1967Iwasproudtobeaboardahistory-makingairing—thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.

Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.OurNavyflewinandgothimout,andherecovered.Weflewinforanotherpatientin1964,andtwomorein1966.Alltheseflightweremadeonanemergencybasis—andofcourseatconsiderablerisk—duringthemonthswhen,traditionally,Antarcticaiscutofffromtheworld.But,ifwecouldgetinandoutsafelyinanemergency,whycouldwenotflyin—andwithgreatersafety—onaregular,plannedschedule?

Duringthesummer,NavyC-130sflybackandforthonroutineover-oceanflightsbetweentheDeepFreezeadvancebaseatChristchurch,NewZealandandMcMurdoStation,themainAmericanscientificbaseinAntarctica.Butalltheseflightsaremadeinbroad24hoursdaylight.Eveninsummer,flyingtoandfromAntarcticaishazardous.Amandowninthaticywatercouldliveonlyabout10minutes.Inwinter’sdarknessandmoreintensecoldness,theperilsaremultiplied.Anaircraftdownatseaoronthe“ice”(oureverydaytermforAntarctica)canbealothardertofindatnightthanindaylight.

Yet,despitethesehazards,wehadstrongreasontoopenupAntarcticainwinter.ScientistsworkinginuniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavesummerfreeforresearch.Regularfly-insallowustodeliverthemandpickthemupintimetoresumetheiracademicduty.Obviously,theflightswouldbepopularwiththemenintheiceandgoodformorale,fortheywouldcarryinmailandfreshprovisions.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.BeforeJune1967,therewereregularlyscheduledflights______.

3.OurNavyflewin:whatwasspecialaboutthisflight?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthepassage?

5.TheflightwaswelcomedbythemenintheAntarcticabecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thewriterwasaboardonhistory-makingairplaneflightsinJune,1967.

B.ASovietexchangescientistfellcriticallyillwhenIwasintheAntarctica.

C.JuneisthewinterintheAntarctica.

D.MytriptotheAntarcticawasthefirstregularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarctica.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.onlyintheAntarcticsummer

B.onlyintheAntarcticwinter

C.inbothsummerandwinter

D.onlyonanemergencybasis

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Asaresultofit,thesickmanrecovered.

B.ItwasintheAntarcticawinter.

C.Itwasaninternationalassistance—theU.S.wascomingtothehelpofaSovietscientist.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ThewriterwasfrightenedbythehazardintheAntarctica.

B.ThewriterwasrestrainedbythecoldnessintheAntarctica.

C.ThewriterissuggestingopeninguptheAntarcticainwinter.

D.ThewriterwishestobeascientistworkingintheAntarctica.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itsendsmorecompanionstothem

B.theycanresumetheiracademicduty

C.theywillhaveachancetogetthenewsfromtheirfamiliesandfriends

D.theycangobackonthereturnflight

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“作者在1967年6月登上了創(chuàng)造歷史的飛機(jī)航班”，由原文InJune1967Iwasproudtobeaboardahistory-makingairing（1967年6月，我很自豪地登上了一架創(chuàng)造歷史的飛機(jī)）可知，作者在1967年6月登上了一架創(chuàng)造歷史的飛機(jī)，A選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除A。C選項(xiàng)“六月是南極洲的冬天”，由原文InJune1967…thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.（1967年6月……第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南極洲。）可知，六月是南極洲的冬天，C選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除C。D選項(xiàng)“我的南極之行是第一次前往南極洲的定期航班”，由原文thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.（第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南極洲。）可知，作者乘坐的是第一次前往南極洲的定期航班，D選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除D。B選項(xiàng)“我在南極洲時，一位蘇聯(lián)交換科學(xué)家病得很重”，由原文Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.（事情開始于1961年，當(dāng)時一名蘇聯(lián)交換科學(xué)家在遙遠(yuǎn)的伯德站過冬時得了重病。）可知，這位蘇聯(lián)科學(xué)家得病時作者還沒有去南極洲，B選項(xiàng)不符合原文，所以本題選B。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第四句Alltheseflightweremadeonanemergencybasis（所有這些飛行都是在緊急情況下進(jìn)行的），說明只有在緊急情況下才有飛往南極洲的航班。因此D選項(xiàng)“只在緊急情況下”正確。A選項(xiàng)“只有在南極洲的夏天”，B選項(xiàng)“只在南極洲的冬天”，C選項(xiàng)“在夏季和冬季都有”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.OurNavyflewinandgothimout,andherecovered.（事情開始于1961年，當(dāng)時一名蘇聯(lián)交換科學(xué)家在遙遠(yuǎn)的伯德站過冬時得了重病。我們的海軍飛過去把他救了出來，他康復(fù)了。），所以A選項(xiàng)“它的結(jié)果是，那個病人康復(fù)了”，B選項(xiàng)“是在南極洲的冬天”，C選項(xiàng)“這是一次國際援助——美國來幫助一位蘇聯(lián)科學(xué)家”均屬于這次飛行的特點(diǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”正確。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Yet,despitethesehazards,wehadstrongreasontoopenupAntarcticainwinter.（然而，盡管有這些危險(xiǎn)，我們還是有充分的理由在冬天開放南極洲。），說明作者支持在冬天開放南極洲。因此C選項(xiàng)“作者建議在冬天開放南極洲”正確。A選項(xiàng)“作者被南極洲的危險(xiǎn)嚇壞了”，B選項(xiàng)“作者被南極洲的寒冷所束縛”，由原文可知，作者認(rèn)為人們可以克服南極洲冬天存在的困難，所以A,B錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“作者希望成為一名在南極洲工作的科學(xué)家”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯誤。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Obviously,theflightswouldbepopularwiththemenintheiceandgoodformorale,fortheywouldcarryinmailandfreshprovisions.（顯然，這些飛行會受到冰天雪地里的人們的歡迎，也會鼓舞士氣，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢运蛠磬]件和新鮮的食物。），說明飛行受到南極洲的人們歡迎的原因是它們可以送來郵件消息。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們有機(jī)會得到家人和朋友的消息”正確。A選項(xiàng)“送來了更多的同伴”，B選項(xiàng)“可以繼續(xù)他們的學(xué)術(shù)任務(wù)”，D選項(xiàng)“可以乘坐返程航班回去”均不符合題意，所以A,B,D錯誤。

10.單選題

Allanimals,especiallythesmallkind,appeartofeelanxiety.Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.TheinitialshockofSept.11haswornoff,andthefearhaslifted,butmillionsofAmericanscontinuetoshareakindofgeneralizedmassanxiety.ArecentTIME/CNNpollfoundthateightmonthsaftertheevent,nearlytwo-thirdsofAmericansthinkabouttheterrorattacksatleastseveraltimesaweek.Anditdoesn’ttakemuchforalltheoldfearstocomerushingback.Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.

Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger—andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere’sadeadlinelooming―anxietybecomesaproblemwhenitpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediatethreat.Sometimesthere’sanobviouscause,aswiththeshell-shockedsoldiersofWorldWarIortheterror-scarredciviliansoftheWorldTradeCentercollapse.Othertimes,wedon’tknowwhywecan’tstopworrying.

Anxietydisorder—whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone’slife—isthemostcommonmentalillnessintheU.S.Initsvariousforms,rangingfromveryspecificphobiastogeneralizedanxietydisorder,itafflicts19millionAmericans(see“AreYouTooAnxious?”).

Inrecentyears,however,researchershavemadesignificantprogressinnailingdowntheunderlyingscienceofanxiety.Injustthepastdecade,theyhavecometoappreciatethatwhateverthefactorsthattriggeranxiety,itgrowsoutofaresponsethatishardwiredinourbrains.Theyhavelearned,amongotherthings:

—Thereisageneticcomponenttoanxiety;somepeopleseemtobebornworriers.

—Brainscanscanrevealdifferencesinthewaypatientswhosufferfromanxietydisordersrespondtodangersignals.

—Duetoashortcutinourbrain’sinformation-processingsystem,wecanrespondtothreatsbeforewebecomeawareofthem.

—Therootofananxietydisordermaynotbethethreatthattriggersitbutabreakdowninthemechanismthatkeepstheanxietyresponsefromcareeringoutofcontrol.

Beforewedelveintothelatestresearch,let’sdefineafewterms.Thoughweallhaveourownintuitivesenseofwhatthewordsstressandfearmean,scientistsusethesewordsinveryspecificways.Forthem,stressisanexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger,oftenbycausingpain.Fearistheshort-termresponsesuchstressesproduceinmen,womenorlabrats.Anxietyhasalotofthesamesymptomsasfear,butit’safeelingthatlingerslongafterthestresshasliftedandthethreathaspassed.

Ingeneral,sciencehasahardtimepinningdownemotionsbecausetheyarebynaturesoslipperyandsubjective.Evenmostpeopleareascluelessaboutwhytheyhavecertainfeelingsastheyareabouthowtheirlungswork.Butfearistheonceaspectofanxietythat’seasytorecognize.Ratsfreezeinplace.Humansbreakoutinacoldsweat.Heartbeatsrace,andbloodpressurerises.Thatgivesscientistssomethingtheycancontrolandmeasure.

Indeed,alotofwhatresearchershavelearnedaboutthebiologyofanxietycomesfromscaringratsandthencuttingthemopen.Theresearchersdestroysmallportionsoftherats’brainstoseewhateffectthathasontheirreactions(anexperimentthatwouldbeimpossibletoconductinhumans).Bypainstakinglymatchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearasittravelsthroughtherat’sbrain.

Thejourneybeginswhenarat(we’llgettohumanslater)feelsthestress,inthiscaseanelectricshock.Therat’ssensesimmediatelysendamessagetothecentralportionofitsbrain,wherethestimulusactivatestwoneuralpathways.Oneofthesepathwaysisarelativelylong,circuitousroute(迂回路徑)throughthecortex(腦皮層)wherethebraindoesitsmostelaborateandaccurateprocessingofinformation.Theotherrouteisakindofemergencyshortcutthatquicklyreachesanalmond-shapedclusterofcellscalledtheamygdala(扁桃體).

What’sspecialabouttheamygdalaisthatitcanquicklyactivatejustabouteverysysteminthebodytofightlikethedevilorrunlikecrazy.It’snotdesignedtobeaccurate,justfast.Ifyouhaveevergonehikingandbeenstartledbyasnakethatturnedouttobeastick,youcanthankyouramygdala.

Butwhiletheamygdalaisbusytellingthebodywhattodo,italsofiresupanearbycurvedclusterofneuronscalledthehippocampus(大腦側(cè)面室腦壁上的隆起物).(A16thcenturyanatomistnameditaftertheGreekwordforseahorse.)Thejobofthehippocampusistohelpthebrainlearnandformnewmemories.Andnotjustanymemories.Thehippocampusallowsarattorememberwhereitwaswhenitgotshockedandwhatwasgoingonarounditatthetime.Suchcontextuallearninghelpsthepoorrodentavoiddangerousplacesinthefuture.Itprobablyalsohelpsitrecognizewhatsituationsarelikelytoberelativelysafe.Thismakessense,intermsofsurvival.Afterall,it’sbettertopanicunnecessarilythantobetoorelaxedinthefaceoflife-threateningdanger.

Discoveringthisbasicneuralcircuitryturnedouttobeakeybreakthroughinunderstandinganxiety.Itshowedthattheanxietyresponseisn’tnecessarilycausedbyanexternalthreat;rather,itmaybetracedtoabreakdowninthemechanismthatsignalsthebraintostopresponding.Justasacarcangooutofcontrolduetoeitherastuckacceleratororfailedbrakes,it’snotalwaysclearwhichpartofthebrainisatfault.Itmayturnoutthatsomeanxietydisordersarecausedbyanoveractiveamygdala(theaccelerator)whileothersarecausedbyanunderactiveprefrontalcortex(callitthebrake).

Ofcourse,whatyouwouldreallyliketoknowiswhetheranyoftheworkdoneinratsappliestohumans.Clearlyresearcherscan’tgoaroundperformingbrainsurgeryontheamygdalasoflivingpatientstoseeifitaffectstheiranxietylevels.Butthefascinatingcaseofawomanknownonlybyherresearchnumber,SM046,suggeststhatwhenitcomestofear,rodentsandhominidsreallyaren’tsodifferent.

Owingtoanunusualbraindisorder,SM046hasadefectiveamygdala.Asaresult,herbehaviorisabnormalinaveryparticularway.WhenscientistsattheUniversityofIowashowSM046picturesofaseriesoffaces,shehasnotroublepickingoutthosethatarehappy,sadorangry.Butifthefaceisdisplayingfear,shecannotrecognizethefeeling.Sheidentifiesitasafaceexpressing,someintenseemotion,butthatisall.HerunusualconditionstronglysuggeststhateveninHomosapiens,feartakesholdintheamygdala.

Eventually,researcherswouldliketolearnwhatroleourgenes,asopposedtoourenvironment,playinthedevelopmentofanxiety.“Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatthesedisordersruninfamilies.”saysKennethKendler,apsychiatricgeneticistatVirginiaCommonwealthUniversityinRichmond,Va.“Sothenextlogicalquestionisthenature-nurtureissue.”Inotherwords,areanxiouspeoplebornthatway,ordotheybecomeanxiousasaresultoftheirlifeexperiences?

Kendlerandhiscolleaguesapproachedthequestionbystudyinggroupsofidenticaltwins,whosharevirtuallyalltheirgenes,andfraternaltwins,who,likeanyothersiblings,shareonlysomeofthem.WhatKendler’sgroupfoundwasthatbothidenticaltwinsweresomewhatmorelikelythanbothfraternaltwinstosufferfromgeneralizedanxietydisorder,phobiasorpanicattacks.(Theresearchershavenotyetstudiedtwinswithpost-traumaticstressdisorderorobsessive-compulsivedisorder.)

Thecorrelationisn’t100%,however.“Mostoftheheritabilityisintherangeof30%to40%,”Kendlersays.That’safairlymoderategeneticimpact,henotes,“Yourgenessetyourgeneralvulnerability,”heconcludes.“Youcanbealow-vulnerable,intermediate-vulnerableorahigh-vulnerableperson.”Butyourupbringingandyourexperiencesstillhaveamajorroletoplay.Someonewithalowgeneticvulnerability,forexample,couldeasilydevelopafearofflyingaftersurvivingahorrificplanecrash.

Therearenoguidebookstotellyouwhenit’ssafetoventureoutagain.Inmanyways,thewholecountrywasmadepartofanunwittingexperimentinmassanxiety.Ourbrainsareevennowintheprocessofrewiringthemselves.Howsuccessfullywenavigatethisdelicatetransitionwilldependalotonourgenes,ourenvironmentandanyfutureattacks.

1.Anxietycanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhen（

）.

2.NowintheUnitedStates,about19millionpeoplearesufferingfrom

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutfearisNOTtrue?

4.Generally,scientistsfindithardtostudyemotionsbecause

（

）.

5.Asfeartravelsthroughtherat'sbrain,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearby（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisanobviouscauseofanxiety.

B.weknowwhywecanstopworrying

C.itpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediate

D.thereisadeadlinelooming.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.terrorwarning

B.mentalillness

C.anxietydisorder

D.physicaldanger

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fearistheexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger.

B.Fearistheshort-termresponsestressesproduceinmen.

C.Fearhasalotofthesamesymptomsasanxiety.

D.Fearistheaspectofanxietythatiseasytorecognize.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyarethenatureofhumanbeings

B.onlyfeariseasytorecognize

C.mostpeopleareasclueless

D.theyareslipperyandsubjective

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.studyingitsreactionafterbeingcutoffsomeportionsofbrain

B.sendingamessagetothecentralportionofitsbrain

C.measuringitsbloodpressure

D.matchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger—andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere'sadeadlinelooming（這是焦慮的奧秘之一。雖然這是對身體危險(xiǎn)的正常反應(yīng)，但在最后期限即將來臨的時候，它可以成為集中注意力的有用工具）可知選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的itafflicts19millionAmericans（它折磨著1,900萬美國人）可知句中的“it”指代前面提及的“Anxietydisorder”，因此選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第五段中的stressisanexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger,oftenbycausingpain.Fearistheshort-termresponsesuchstressesproduceinmen,womenorlabrats.Anxietyhasalotofthesamesymptomsasfear（壓力是一種外部刺激，通常通過引起疼痛來發(fā)出危險(xiǎn)信號?？謶质嵌唐诜磻?yīng)，這種壓力會在男性、女性或?qū)嶒?yàn)室老鼠身上產(chǎn)生。焦慮和恐懼有很多相同的癥狀。）和第六段中的Butfearistheonceaspectofanxietythat'seasytorecognize（但恐懼是焦慮的一方面，很容易識別）可知A表示不正確，根據(jù)題干中的“NOTtrue”，因此選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第六段中的Ingeneral,sciencehasahardtimepinningdownemotionsbecausetheyarebynaturesoslipperyandsubjective.（一般來說，科學(xué)很難壓制情緒，因?yàn)樗鼈兲焐秃芑椭饔^）可知選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第七段中的Bypainstakinglymatchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearasittravelsthroughtherat'sbrain.（通過努力將受損的區(qū)域與行為的變化相匹配，科學(xué)家們一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地創(chuàng)造了一張?jiān)诶鲜蟠竽X中傳播的恐懼路線圖）可知D選項(xiàng)“將受損區(qū)域與行為變化相匹配”符合題意。

11.單選題

Mostpeoplebelievethatthestudyofanothernation,itssocietyandculture,canbenotonlyfascinatingbutalso（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beneficial

B.benefit

C.benefiting

D.beneficent

【答案】A

【解析】考查同根詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)beneficial“有利的，有用的”；B選項(xiàng)benefit“使受益”；C選項(xiàng)benefiting“benefit的現(xiàn)在分詞”；D選項(xiàng)beneficent“有裨益的，慈善的”。句意：大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，研究另一個國家，及其社會和文化，不僅是有趣的，而且是有益的。這里考查benefit的各種變體，notonly…butalso連接fascinating(極有吸引力的，迷人的)和空格，因此空格處應(yīng)填入與fascinating相近且并列的詞，故選A。

12.單選題

Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives,providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.

Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.

Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.

Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.

1.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis（）.

2.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...”(Para.2),theauthormeansthat（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation?

5.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.troublesome

B.labor-saving

C.rewarding

D.expensive.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys

B.girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreams

C.girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreach

D.girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathome

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.womencaremoreabouteducation

B.girlscangainequalaccesstoeducation

C.afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildren

D.parentscanaffordtheirdaughters’education

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues.

B.Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries.

C.Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestment.

D.Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountries

B.thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomen

C.themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosociety

D.theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomen

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文首段第一句“Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.在發(fā)展中國家，為女孩提供教育保障的回報(bào)率很可能比其他任何投資都要高?！庇纱丝芍?，C選項(xiàng)rewarding“有回報(bào)的”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)troublesome“麻煩的”；B選項(xiàng)labor-saving“節(jié)省勞力的”；D選項(xiàng)expensive“昂貴的”，均不正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.這種預(yù)言變成了自我實(shí)現(xiàn)，使女性陷入被忽視的惡性循環(huán)?！边@一預(yù)言即破折號前面所提到的“Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool…因此，女孩被認(rèn)為不如男孩有價值，她們被關(guān)在家里做家務(wù)，而她們的兄弟則被送去上學(xué)”，由此可知，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，作者通過列舉一個受過教育的母親的事例來闡述了惡性循環(huán)變成良性循環(huán)的情況。受過教育的母親不會有很多孩子，能夠顧及所有孩子的發(fā)展，確保她的女兒能夠得到公平（接受教育）的機(jī)會。因此，她女兒的教育使下一代女孩以及男孩更有可能受到良好的教育。也就是說，只有當(dāng)女孩能夠獲得平等接受教育的機(jī)會才能使惡性循環(huán)變成良性循環(huán)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的第一、二句“Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.幾乎沒有人會質(zhì)疑女性接受教育具有巨大的社會效益。但它同樣也有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢。”這一觀點(diǎn)和首段第一句呼應(yīng)，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為女性接受教育會產(chǎn)生比其他投資更大的回報(bào)。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容以及上一題可知，作者一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)女性接受教育所產(chǎn)生的回報(bào)，不僅具有巨大的社會效益，同樣也有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢。所以本文主要討論的是婦女接受教育所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會利益，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

13.單選題

Americancitiesare(1)othercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycountry,citiesreflectthe(2)oftheculture.Citiescontainthevery(3)aspectofasociety:opportunitiesforeducation,employment,andentertainment.Theyalsocontaintheveryworstpartsofasociety:violentcrime,racialconflictandpoverty.Americancitiesarechanging,just(4)Americansociety.

AfterWorldWarII,thepopulationof(5)largeAmericancitiesdecreased;however,thepopulationinmanySunBeltcities(6).LosAngelesandHoustonarecities(7)populationincreased.Thesepopulationshiftstoandfromthecity(8)thechangingvaluesofAmericansociety.Duringthistime,inthe(9)1940sandearly1950s,cityresidentsbecamewealthier,moreprosperous.Theyhadmorechildren.Theyneededmore(10).Theymovedouttheirapartmentsinthecity(11)theirownhomes.Theyboughthousesinthe(12)areasnearacitywherepeoplelive.Theseareareas(13)manyofficesorfactories.Duringthe1950stheAmerican“dream”wastohaveahouseontheoutskirts.Nowthingsarechanging.Thechildrenofthepeoplewholeftthecitiesinthe1950sarenow(14).They,(15)theirparents,wanttoliveinthecities.(16)continuetomovetocitiesintheSunBelt.Citiesare(17)andthepopulationisincreasinginsuchstatesasTexas,Florida,andCalifornia.Othersaremovingtomore(18)citiesoftheNorth-eastandMidwest,suchasBoston,BaltimoreandChicago.Manyyoungprofessionals,doctors,lawyers,andexecutivesaremovingbackintothecity.Theypreferthecity(19)thesuburbsbecausetheirjobsarethere;theyareafraidofthefuelshortage;ortheyjust(20)theexcitementandopportunitieswhichthecityoffers.Anewclassismovingintothecities—awealthier,moremobileclass.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.differentfrom

B.similarto

C.betterthan

D.worsethan

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.values

B.worth

C.importance

D.expense

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.well

B.good

C.better

D.best

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.likely

B.as

C.while

D.when

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.all

B.most

C.few

D.much

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.increased

B.changed

C.decreased

D.lowered

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.its

B.which

C.where

D.that

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.become

B.reflect

C.gain

D.contain

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.late

B.later

C.lately

D.latter

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.space

B.spots

C.time

D.food

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.buying

B.buy

C.tobuy

D.bought

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.outskirts

B.downtown

C.districts

D.suburbs

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.without

B.with

C.within

D.from

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.managers

B.adults

C.parents

D.doctors

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.likely

B.like

C.dislike

D.unlike

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.Some

B.All

C.Several

D.Lotsof

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.stretching

B.widening

C.expanding

D.prolonging

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.organized

B.famous

C.official

D.established

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.than

B.betterthan

C.ratherthan

D.to

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.win

B.enjoy

C.earn

D.acquire

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.differentfrom不同于B.similarto與……相似，和……相同

C.betterthan超過，多于D.worsethan不如……，比……更差

【考查點(diǎn)】總結(jié)性關(guān)系。

【解題思路】該句為這一段的總結(jié)句，后面提到ineverycountry，然后講了社會好的