考研考博-英語-中南大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中南大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheBritisharistocracyhadalwaysbeeninvolvedinindustrialization,especiallyinthedevelopmentofmining,canals,andrailways.Itnowshrewdlyassociateditselfwiththenewwaveofcommercialexpansion:mostbanksandinsurancecompanieshadalordtoaddtonetothemanagerialboard.Italsoshoredupitsfortunesbyastutemarriages,notablywiththenewaristocracyofwealthintheUnitedStates;thebest-knownexamplewasthemarriageofthedukeofMarlboroughtoConsueloVanderbilt.Bythesemeans,manyofthegreataristocraticestateswerepreserveddespiteagriculturaldecline.Buttheywereplaythingsaswellasenginesofwealth,andcametobetreatedassuch.Thearistocracycametobeknowntotheurbanpopulationchieflythroughtheirrepresentationinthepopularpressandmagazinesasmenandwomenofleisure:racing,hunting,shooting,andfishinginthecountry,gamblingandattendingtheseasoninLondon.Inapopulationforwhichleisurewasbecomingincreasinglyimportant,thisdidnotmakethearistocracyunpopular.

1.Inthesecondsentenceofthispassage,"hadalordtoaddtonetothemanagerialboard"meansthat______.

2.The“astutemarriages”inthepassagereferstomarriagesbetween______.

3.Judgingfromthecontentofthepassage,ConsueloVanderbiltwas______.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thebanksandinsurancecompanieswouldhirealordontheboardtogiveadvicetotheirmanagement

B.havinglordsinvolvedinthemanagementgavethebanksorcompaniesaverygoodpublicimage

C.lordsworkedforthebanksandinsurancecompaniestobringinmoreprofits

D.ithadbecomeafashiontohavealordonthemanagerialboardofabankoracompany

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.BritisharistocracyandrichAmericanentrepreneurs

B.oldBritisharistocraticfamiliesandnewlyknightedaristocracyofwealth

C.aristocraticfamiliesandnewbusinessfamiliesofmoneyandenterprises

D.biglandlordfamiliesintheBritishcountrysideandrichAmericantycoonsofindustry

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Male,andfromarichbusinessfamilyintheUnitedSates

B.Female,andfromaBritishwealthyfamilyofindustry

C.Male,andfromarichindustrialfamilyofBritain

D.Female,andfromanentrepreneurfamilyinAmerica

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsweretreatedasdecorationsinpubliclifeandwereusedtomakemoneybypress.

B.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsweretoysoftherichcapitalistsandweremadetoearnprofitsforthem.

C.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsactedasplaymatesofpeopleinpleasure-seekingsuchashunting,fishing,andshooting.

D.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratswerepopularfiguresinadvertisementsbecausetheylivedaleisurelylife.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.語義題。題干：在這段話的第二句中，“hadalordtoaddtonetothemanagementboard”的意思是_______。通過全文可知貴族“…theywereplaythingsaswellasenginesofwealth…”，讓他們進(jìn)入商界只是為了良好的公眾形象。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：中所說的“精明的婚姻”是指_____。文中提到，貴族涉足商業(yè)的一種方式是銀行和大企業(yè)管理層中有貴族任職，還有一種方式就是通過在美國和財(cái)富新貴結(jié)婚維持自己的財(cái)富。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：從這篇文章的內(nèi)容判斷，ConsueloVanderbilt是_______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三句的實(shí)例，例證貴族也會(huì)通過精明的婚姻來維持財(cái)富，結(jié)婚對(duì)象是Duke“公爵”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。題干：下列哪種說法是對(duì)的？文中說到，貴族是受人擺布的人，又是創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的工具，與A選項(xiàng)符合。

2.單選題

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWsthelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply;thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”

Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.

1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif（）_.

2.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis（）.

3.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause（）.

4.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained（）_.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices

B.itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower

C.itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial

D.itissharedbytherichandthefamous

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords

B.toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout

C.dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal

D.impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theythinkofitasimmoral

B.theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth

C.ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits

D.theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.secretlyandvigorously

B.openlyandenthusiastically

C.easilyandmomentarily

D.verballyandspiritually

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.”，可知如果要正確看待雄心壯志，那么它所帶來的健康、名望和對(duì)自己命運(yùn)所帶來的回報(bào)，就必須被認(rèn)為是值得曾經(jīng)的付出的?？膳袛喑霰ж?fù)只有在回報(bào)很好地補(bǔ)償了付出的時(shí)候，才得以正確看待。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.”，可知作者打了個(gè)比方，這種做法帶有濃重的虛偽色彩，就像在馬兒逃跑后關(guān)上門，而受過良好教育的人卻偷偷將馬騎出去。用來比喻在實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)之后卻否認(rèn)隱藏自己的雄心壯志。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.”，可知現(xiàn)在的情況是，人們不能像以前那樣輕易、公開地承認(rèn)自己的夢(mèng)想，以免被認(rèn)為是將近的、貪婪的和庸俗的?？膳袛喑鲇行┤瞬还_承認(rèn)他們有野心，是因?yàn)樗麄儾幌腼@得貪婪和可鄙。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.”，可知左派是憤怒的批評(píng)者，右派是愚蠢的支持者，而中間派則像往常一樣，是大多數(shù)認(rèn)真的人，努力在生活中出人頭地。可推斷出作者認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該暗地批評(píng)，也不能愚昧地支持，而是應(yīng)該以公開熱情的態(tài)度對(duì)待抱負(fù)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Theboyfellofftheladderandbadly（

）himself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wounded

B.damaged

C.harmed

D.injured

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。wound“使受傷”；damage“損害，毀壞，對(duì)有用或有價(jià)值的人或財(cái)產(chǎn)的破壞”；harm“傷害，危害，身體或心理上的損害或傷害”；injure“損害，傷害，通常指肉體上的傷害”。句意：這個(gè)男孩從樓梯上摔了下來，傷得很嚴(yán)重。只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

InNewZealand,expertsareputtingforwardsuggestionstoreducesugarsweetened（）consumption,claimingthatitmaycontainunhealthyamountsofsugar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beverage

B.barbecue

C.blueprint

D.briefcase

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)beverage表示“飲料”；B選項(xiàng)barbecue表示“烤肉”；C選項(xiàng)blueprint表示“藍(lán)圖，行動(dòng)方案”；D選項(xiàng)briefcase表示“公文包”。由后文claimingthatitmaycontainunhealthyamountsofsugar可知，前面提到的內(nèi)容富含糖分，綜合對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有beverage可以包含糖分，因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Afewyearsago,AnnandWalterTaylorthoughtitmightbetimetomoveoutoftheirNewYorkCityapartmenttothesuburbs.Theyhadoneyoungsonandanotherchildontheway.Butaftermonthsoflooking,theybecamediscouragedanddecidedtobuyanoldtownhouserightinthemiddleofBrooklyn,whichisapartofNewYorkCity.Totheirdelight,theydiscoveredthattheyweren'ttheonlyyoungcoupletohavemadesuchadecision.Infact,theentireareainBrooklynhadbeensettledbyyoungfamilies.Andasaresult,theneighborhood,whichhadbeendecliningforyears,wasnowbeingrestored.

Brooklynisn'ttheonlycityintheUnitedStatestoexperiencethiskindofrenewal.SoarePhiladelphiaandSt.Louis.AndCharleston,SouthCarolina,hassosuccessfullyrebuiltitsoldcentralareathatitnowranksasoneofAmerica'smostcharmingcities.TherestorationoftheoldportcityofSavannah,Georgia,isalsolivingproofthatdowntownareasdonotneedtodie.Butencouragingasthesedevelopmentsmaybe,theyareamongthefewbrightspotsinamassofdifficultiesthattoday'scitiesface.Indeed,theirwoesaresomanythatitisfairtoaskwhetherornottheinnercity,thecoreofmosturbanareaswillmanagetosurviveatall.

Inthe1940s,urbanAmericansbeganamassmovetothesuburbsinsearchoffreshair,Elbowroom,andprivacy.Suburbsbegantosprawloutacrossthecountryside.Sincemostofthosemakingthemoveweremiddle-class,theytookwiththemthetaxmoneythecitiesneededtomaintaintheneighborhoodsinwhichtheyhadlived.Thepeopleleftinthecitieswereoftenthosewhoweretoooldortoopoortomove.Thus,manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepair.Crimebegantosoar,andpublictransportationwasneglected.(InthepastsixtyyearsSanFranciscoistheonlycityintheUnitedStatestohavecompletedanewmasstransitsystem.)Meanwhile,housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorisehigherandhigher.Middle-classhousingwasallowedtodecay,andlittlenewhousingwasconstructed.

Eventually,manydowntownareasexistedforbusinessonly.Duringthedaytheywouldbefilledwithpeopleworkinginoffices,andatnighttheywouldbedeserted.Giventhesecircumstances,somebusinessexecutivesbeganasking,“Whybotherwithgoingdowntownatall?Whynotmovetheofficestothesuburbssothatwecanliveandworkinthesamearea?”Gradually,someofthelargercompaniesbeganmovingoutofthecities,withtheresultthaturbancentersdeclinedevenfurtherandsuburbsexpandedstillmore.ThismovementofbusinessestothesuburbsisnotconfinedtotheUnitedStates.BusinesseshavealsobeenmovingtothesuburbsinStockholm,Sweden,InBonn,Germany,andinBrussels,Belgium,aswell.

Butitmaywellbethatthismovementtothesuburbshasreacheditspeak.Somepeoplemaybetiredofspendinglonghourscommuting,andtheymayhavebeguntomisstheadvantagesofcultureandcompanionshipprovidedbycitylife.PerhapsthedecisionmadebyTaylorsisasignthatpeoplewillreturntothecitiesandbegintorestorethem.Itbeginstolookasifsuburbansprawlmaynothavebeentheanswertoman'sneedtocreateanidealenvironmentinwhichtoliveandwork.

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat（）.

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“（）”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironment

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbs

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtolive

D.Americanpeoplemovealotinhistory

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.privatespace

B.roomtomovefreely

C.peacefulplaces

D.confinedroom

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorise

B.housingwasallowedtodecay

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecities

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecities

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat______.1.本文作者認(rèn)為______。

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironmentA.搬到郊區(qū)并不是理想環(huán)境的答案

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbsB.城市可能會(huì)被郊區(qū)所取代

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtoliveC.市中心太擁擠了，無法居住

D.AmericanpeoplemovealotinhistoryD.歷史上美國人經(jīng)常搬家

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】原文在第一段描述了一對(duì)夫婦搬家，經(jīng)過多番尋找，最終還是決定留在市區(qū)。事實(shí)上，還有許多家庭亦是如此。所以作者接著提到了市區(qū)重建，以前人們都向郊區(qū)遷移，但現(xiàn)在大家厭倦了長時(shí)間的通勤，開始懷念城市生活，這也是市區(qū)重建的原因。實(shí)際上從側(cè)面表明郊區(qū)已經(jīng)無法給人們帶來理想的生活環(huán)境，文章最后一句提出“似乎郊區(qū)擴(kuò)張并不能滿足人類創(chuàng)造理想生活和工作環(huán)境的需要”，所以A項(xiàng)“搬到郊區(qū)并不是理想環(huán)境的答案”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“城市可能會(huì)被郊區(qū)所取代”，最后一段提到向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢(shì)很可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了頂峰，所以人們可能將返回城市，因此城市不可能會(huì)被郊區(qū)取代，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“市中心太擁擠了，無法居住”根據(jù)第三段第一句“美國城市居民為了尋找新鮮的空氣、舒適的空間和隱私，開始大規(guī)模遷往郊區(qū)”可知，人們遷往郊區(qū)的原因是尋找新鮮空氣和舒適的空間與隱私，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“歷史上美國人經(jīng)常搬家”并沒有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“______”.2.第三段中的“elbowroom”很可能是“______”的意思。

A.privatespaceA.私人空間

B.roomtomovefreelyB.自由活動(dòng)的空間

C.peacefulplacesC.和平的地方

D.confinedroomD.密閉房間

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第一句“20世紀(jì)40年代，美國城市居民開始大規(guī)模遷移到郊區(qū)，尋找新鮮空氣、elbowroom和私人空間”，由此可知，elbowroom應(yīng)該與新鮮空氣、私人空間一樣，都是城區(qū)沒有而郊區(qū)所擁有的東西，而elbow本身的含義是“肘部”，綜合理解可以推測(cè)，elbowroom指的是“能夠活動(dòng)的空間”，所以B項(xiàng)“自由活動(dòng)的空間”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“私人空間”與原文中的privacy重復(fù)，曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“和平的地方”不是郊區(qū)所獨(dú)有的，也屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“有限的空間”顯然不是郊區(qū)的特點(diǎn)，所以不符合題干，屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?3.下列哪一個(gè)陳述是正確的？

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.A.城市里只剩下老人和窮人。

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.B.向郊區(qū)的遷移開始減少。

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.C.市中心在未來一定會(huì)消失。

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.D.郊區(qū)一定會(huì)取代城市。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第一句“但這種向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢(shì)很可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了頂峰”可知，搬到郊區(qū)的這種遷移活動(dòng)到達(dá)頂峰，也就是說這種活動(dòng)開始要下降了，B項(xiàng)“向郊區(qū)的遷移開始減少”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“城市里只剩下老人和窮人”，根據(jù)第三段第四句“留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太窮而不能搬家的人”可知，城市里留下的大多是老人和窮人，而該項(xiàng)中的just表述太絕對(duì)，屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“市中心在未來一定會(huì)消失”根據(jù)第二段第四句“喬治亞州舊港口城市薩凡納的修復(fù)，很好地證明了市區(qū)不需要消亡”可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“郊區(qū)一定會(huì)取代城市”根據(jù)最后一段第一句“但這種向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢(shì)很可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了頂峰”和倒數(shù)第二句“也許泰勒的決定是一個(gè)信號(hào)，人們將返回城市，并開始重建它們”可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?4.為什么企業(yè)紛紛遷往郊區(qū)？

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.A.因?yàn)榻紖^(qū)的環(huán)境很宜人。

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.B.因?yàn)榻紖^(qū)發(fā)展迅速。

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.C.因?yàn)楦蝗硕及岬浇紖^(qū)去了。

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.D.因?yàn)楹芏嗳嗽诔鞘泄ぷ?，住在郊區(qū)。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“許多市區(qū)僅僅為了商業(yè)而存在。白天，房子里擠滿了辦公的人，到了晚上，里面就空無一人了。”可知，這兩句說明人們白天在市區(qū)工作，晚上就回到了郊區(qū)生活。考慮到這些情況，企業(yè)把辦公室搬到了郊區(qū)，這樣就可以在同一個(gè)地區(qū)生活和工作了。D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楹芏嗳嗽诔鞘泄ぷ?，住在郊區(qū)”就是企業(yè)遷移到郊區(qū)的原因，符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榻紖^(qū)的環(huán)境很宜人”是人們遷往郊區(qū)的原因，并不是企業(yè)搬到郊區(qū)的原因，該項(xiàng)張冠李戴；

B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榻紖^(qū)發(fā)展迅速”和C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楦蝗硕及岬浇紖^(qū)去了”沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause______.5.20世紀(jì)40年代，許多城市開始年久失修，原因是______。

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtoriseA.住房建設(shè)成本繼續(xù)上升

B.housingwasallowedtodecayB.房屋被放任自流

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecitiesC.許多人搬離了城市

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecitiesD.城市里只剩下老人和窮人

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段三四五句“由于大多數(shù)搬來的人都是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，他們帶走了城市維持他們?cè)?jīng)居住的社區(qū)所需的稅收。留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太窮而不能搬家的人。因此，許多城市開始年久失修。”可知，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的人們搬到郊區(qū)的同時(shí)，帶走了城市用來維持社區(qū)的稅收，也就是說沒有錢來支撐城市社區(qū)的維護(hù)，所以城市開始年久失修。所以C項(xiàng)“許多人搬離了城市”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“住房建設(shè)成本繼續(xù)上升”和B項(xiàng)“房屋被放任自流”是人們遷往郊區(qū)給城市帶來的后果，并不是城市年久失修的原因，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

D項(xiàng)“城市里只剩下老人和窮人”表述太絕對(duì)，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

6.單選題

Theloudestoutcry（吶喊）aboutpovertyseemedtocomeinthewealthiestcountry-byfar-intheworld.Accordingtomostcalculations,throughmostofthe1945-1970periodtheUnitedStateshadastandardoflivingwellaboveEurope'sandmanytimesabovetheworldaverage.Yetprotestsaboutgrindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStatesthanfromcountrieswithone-fortiethoftheirlivingstandard.（AnannualpercapitaincomeofeightdollarsistypicalofmuchofAfricaandAsiaandnotalittleofSouthAmerica.）Itwouldseemstrangetothesepeople（weretheyonlyawareofthefact）thatAmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobesothatthemoneythussavedcanbespentraisingthestandardoflivingofunderprivilegedAmericans.

Whatthislastpointsuggestsisnotsomuchthathumanwantsarenevertobesatisfiedthoughthisisdoubtlesstrue,andtheAmericanlivinginsuburbdeprivedofhissecondcarandhiscolorTVsuffersjustasacutelyasanAfricanfarmerinneedofasecondcowandascreendoor.Rather,itsuggeststheextentofcontemporarybreach（違反）ofsocialnorms（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）一theemancipation（解放）oftheindividualself.Peoplehavelearnedthattheirwantsaresacredandrightsoughttobesatisfied.Theyhavelearnedtoconsideranyobstacletopersonalfulfillmentandintolerableinsult.Theyhavegreatlyexpandedthecircleofselfawareness.Theynolongeracceptsharplimitationsonindividualdesiresinthenameofthegroup.Theamountofpotentialhumandiscontenthasalwaysbeeninfinite—misery,failure,misfitting,bitterness,hatred,envybeyondtelling.Ithasusuallyfailedofutterance,andinthepastitwasacceptedpassivelyasbeingbeyondhelp.

1.Accordingtothepassage,mostcomplaintsoverapoorlivingstandardweremadebythosewhocamefrom（）

2.TheaverageincomeforeachAmericanayearduringthe1960swasmostlikelyintheneighborhoodof（）.

3.InordertoimprovethestandardoflivingofpoorAmericans,theextremistsintheStatesdemand（）.

4.Therealcauseforthemostfortunatepeopletoprotestaboutpovertyliesin（）.

5.Fromthelastsentence,itcanbesafelyinferredthatoutcryaboutpovertyineffectinvolvespeoples'（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theUnitedStates

B.Asiancountries

C.theEuropeanCommunity

D.CommonwealthofNations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1,120dollars

B.40dollars

C.320dollars

D.80dollars

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.afulltaxreliefoncitizenslivingoverseas

B.astoptoarmsraceagainstnationsfaraway

C.acutinfinancialassistancetopoorcountries

D.afavorablebalanceoftradewithforeigncountries

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.addedconsciousnessofself

B.theireconomicstatus

C.limitationsofhumannature

D.conflictinclassinterests

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.abilitytosufferahardlife

B.understandingoftheirrights

C.politicalattitudetowardthegovernment

D.wholeoutlookondifferentlifestyles

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句"...grindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStates..."對(duì)極度貧困、饑餓和可怕需求的抗議更多地來自美國。選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段第三句,對(duì)極度貧困、饑餓和可怕需求的抗議更多地來自美國,而不是那些生活水平只有美國四十分之一的國家。(非洲和亞洲大部分地區(qū)的年人均收入通常為8美元,南美也不例外。)所以美國年人均收入為320美元。

3.根據(jù)第一段最后一句"...AmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobe..."美國激進(jìn)分子要求美國放棄對(duì)世界上那些遙遠(yuǎn)國家的承諾,這樣節(jié)省下來的錢就可以用來提高美國貧困人口的生活水平。也就是說減少對(duì)貧窮國家的財(cái)政援助。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段的三四五句"Peoplehavelearnedthat...selfawareness."人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到他們的需要是神圣的,權(quán)利應(yīng)該得到滿足。他們學(xué)會(huì)了考慮個(gè)人成就和無法忍受的侮辱帶來的任何障礙。他們極大地?cái)U(kuò)展了自我意識(shí)的圈子。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)句意：它通常無法表達(dá),在過去,人們被動(dòng)地接受它,認(rèn)為它毫無用處。由此可推斷,"它"指的是人們吃苦耐勞的能力,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

7.單選題

Alargebuildingmayhaveaheating（

）bywhichalltheroomaresteam-heated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliance

B.apparatus

C.furniture

D.equipment

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)appliance“器械，裝置”，側(cè)重指家用機(jī)器或設(shè)備，尤指家用電器；B選項(xiàng)apparatus“設(shè)備，儀器”，一般指復(fù)雜的儀器設(shè)備；C選項(xiàng)furniture“家具”；D選項(xiàng)equipment“設(shè)備，器材”，多指成套的或重型的設(shè)備或裝備。句意：大建筑物可能會(huì)有暖氣設(shè)備，所有的房間都是通過蒸汽加熱。選項(xiàng)B更符合語境。

8.單選題

Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.

Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmorethanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.

Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectorofthenationalInstituteonAging.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness.Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.

GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.D.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays."Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”

1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose.

2.AccordingtoFozard,peoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby.

3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork.

4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation

B.whoarehighlyintelligent

C.whosemindsarealertandreceptive

D.whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentthings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.constantlydoingmemorywork

B.takingpartinvariousmentalactivities

C.goingthroughspecifictraining

D.makingfrequentadjustments

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.remaintobefurtherproved

B.havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexperts

C.havebeengenerallyaccepted

D.arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities

B.keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrains

C.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining

D.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.howbiochemicalchangesoccurinhumanbrain

B.whypeopleshouldkeepactivebothphysicallyandmentally

C.howintellectualactivitiesinfluencehealth

D.whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到當(dāng)人們動(dòng)腦筋的時(shí)候大腦會(huì)發(fā)生變化，使其在注意力和記憶等認(rèn)知區(qū)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用（Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory），由此可知有善于動(dòng)腦的人認(rèn)知上更健康，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到了Fozard的觀點(diǎn)，他認(rèn)為普通人沒有必要去做大量的記憶訓(xùn)練，只要讓思維保持警覺就可以（Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段最后一句話提到Fozard和其他人用不同的精神心理技能來挑戰(zhàn)自己的大腦（Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句話Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage…可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一二段提到研究人員證實(shí)當(dāng)人們動(dòng)腦筋時(shí)，會(huì)使得注意力和記憶等認(rèn)知區(qū)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用；第三四段提到幾位研究人員對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步說明，并且建議隨著年紀(jì)增長，身體和精神都應(yīng)該得到鍛煉，因此選項(xiàng)B“為什么人們應(yīng)該在身體和精神上都保持活躍”符合題意。

9.單選題

8.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ToX-rayhischest.

B.Tohospitalizehim.

C.Toperformaminorsurgery.

D.Totransferhimtoaspecialist.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whathappened?

M:Iwasinafightandgotmyheadhurt.

W:Wereyouknockedout?

M:No.

W:IwantyoutogoforanX-ray.Andcomebacktome.You’llneedsomestitchesforthatwound.

Q:Whatisthedoctorgoingtodofortheman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生告訴男士先去做X光，回來后傷口需要縫針。

10.單選題

InEnglishlearning,a（）circleoccurswhenastudentmakesmoreerrorsafterbeingscolded.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vigorous

B.vicious

C.voluntary

D.vertical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vigorous“精力充沛的，有力的”；B選項(xiàng)vicious“惡劣的，嚴(yán)重的”；C選項(xiàng)voluntary“志愿的；自發(fā)的”；D選項(xiàng)vertical“垂直的；直上的”。句意：在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，如果學(xué)生挨罵后犯錯(cuò)更多，就會(huì)形成（）循環(huán)。根據(jù)語境，vicious“惡劣的，嚴(yán)重的”搭配circle“循環(huán)”比較合理，翻譯成惡性循環(huán)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thecompanyisonthevergeofbankruptcy,andthousandsofjobsareat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.danger

B.loss

C.threat

D.stake

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。atloss困惑不解；atstake兇吉難卜；選項(xiàng)A和C通常不和at搭配。句意：這家公司瀕臨破產(chǎn)，成千上萬的工作崗位岌岌可危。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Whenwefinally______togethomeafterthetiringlongjourney,wecouldhardlymoveastepfurther.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tried

B.succeeded

C.managed

D.endeavored

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)try“嘗試”，tryto表示“試著，設(shè)法”；B項(xiàng)succeed“成功，繼任”，succeedto表示“繼承，繼任，接著發(fā)生”；C項(xiàng)manage“管理，控制”，manageto表示“設(shè)法做”；D項(xiàng)endeavor“努力，盡力”，endeavorto表示“努力做，致力做”。根據(jù)空格前后的句意“當(dāng)我們?cè)谄v的長途旅行后回家”猜測(cè)，空格部分表示“設(shè)法回到家”，B、D選項(xiàng)可排除；A選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)機(jī)或動(dòng)作，但結(jié)果并不明確；C選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)成功這種結(jié)果；所以C項(xiàng)更符合句意。句意：經(jīng)過漫長勞累的旅行，我們終于到家了，幾乎一步也挪不動(dòng)了。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Hetopsamongthebestcarracingofthepastfiftyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.projects

B.shows

C.displays

D.rates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)projects“計(jì)劃；設(shè)計(jì)”；B選項(xiàng)shows“展示，表演”；C選項(xiàng)displays“顯示”；D選項(xiàng)rates“比率；等級(jí)”。句意：他在過去五十年最好的賽車比賽中名列前茅。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語thebestcarracing（最好的賽車比賽），B，C選項(xiàng)意思相近可以排除，A選項(xiàng)projects（設(shè)計(jì)）也可排除，D選項(xiàng)rates（等級(jí)）最符合詞義。

14.單選題

Amanhastomake______forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughmoneytoliveonwhenold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)supply“提供”；B項(xiàng)assurance“保證、保險(xiǎn)”；C項(xiàng)provision“供應(yīng)、準(zhǔn)備”；D項(xiàng)adjustment“調(diào)整”；句意：一個(gè)人必須存下足夠的錢來養(yǎng)老。因此該題C項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Fumesfromtheexhaustofanautomobileare______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notorious

B.anxious

C.noxious

D.delicious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)notorious“聲名狼藉的、臭名昭著的”；B項(xiàng)anxious“焦慮的”；C項(xiàng)noxious“有害的、有毒的”；D項(xiàng)delicious“美味的”；句意：汽車排氣管排出的煙霧是有害的。因此該題C項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Organizationalculturecanbedefinedasasystemofsharedbeliefsandvaluesthatdevelopswithinanorganizationand（）behaviorsofitsmembers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guides

B.indicates

C.controls

D.supervises

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：組織文化能夠被定義為一個(gè)共享信仰和價(jià)值觀且對(duì)組織發(fā)展有益、對(duì)組織成員的行動(dòng)具有指導(dǎo)意義的系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.單選題

Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsand