考研考博-英語-徽商職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-徽商職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

人的發(fā)展和物的發(fā)展是社會發(fā)展的兩大基本形態(tài)，這兩大形態(tài)的發(fā)展是既相互依存又相對獨立的。以人為本的價值理念在對待人與物的關(guān)系上，要求以人為中心，以物為工具和手段，堅持用人的發(fā)展來規(guī)范和控制物的發(fā)展，使物的發(fā)展適合和滿足人的需要。

【答案】Humandevelopmentandthedevelopmentofthingsarethetwobasicformsofsocialdevelopment,thedevelopmentoftwoformsisbothinterdependentandindependent.Regardingtherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandthings,thepeople-orientedvalueconceptrequiresthatpeopleshouldbethecenter,andthingsshouldbethetoolsandmeans.Thedevelopmentofpeopleshouldbeadheredtoregulateandcontrolthedevelopmentofthings,soastomakethedevelopmentofthingsfitandmeettheneedsofpeople.

2.單選題

Theplanefoundthespotandhoveredcloseenoughto（）thatitwasacar.

問題1選項

A.ensure

B.examine

C.verify

D.testify

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：飛機發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個地點，并盤旋著靠近，以證實這是一輛汽車。verify指證明，證實；testify指作證。選項C更符合語境。

3.單選題

Developingapeaceful,understanding,andsupportiverelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenisnotaneasytask.Failurescananddooccuratanyagelevel,andattimestheresultsarctheabuse,neglect,andevendeathofchildren.

Childabusehasbecomeamajortopicinchilddevelopmentandanissueofmuchnationalconcern.Inthespanoffourlegislativeyears,1963-1967,allfiftystatesenactedlawscallingforthereportingofinjuriesinflictedonchildren.By1973,theUnitedStatesCongresspassedtheChildAbusePreventionandTreatmentAct(PublicLaw93-247).Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.

Thequestion"whatcauseschildabuse?"haspromptedmuchdebate.ThesinglemostpersistentmythwhichhadplaguedeffortstounderstandcausesisthenotionthatparentswhoabusechildrenarementallydisturbedorilkAlthoughthereisnospecificpsychiatricdiagnosiswhichcomprisesthebehaviorandpersonalitiesofabuser,theyseemtoshareacommonstyleofchildrearing.Thoseparentsdemandhighlevelsofchildperformanceandtheyoftenuseseverephysicalpunishmenttoensurethechild'sproperbehavior.Abusiveparentsthemselveswereraisedinsimilarfamilysituationsandtheirownchildhoodexperiencehasalastinginfluenceontheirbehaviorasadults.

Currentresearchhassuggested,however,thatthe"abuserissick"hypothesisistoolimiteD.Abroadersocial,psychologicalapproachrecognizesthatsomepersonalproblemsareimplicitbutthatpsychologicalfactorsariseoutofasocialcontext.Socialfactorsincludeunemployment,socialisolation,andunwantedpregnancy.Moreover,findingsthatabuseoccursmorefrequentlyinlargerfamiliesandfamilieswithlowincome,pooreducation,andlowoccupationalstatussuggestthatmanysuchparentscannotwithstandthetwenty-four-hour-a-dayresponsibilitytoraiseandcarefortheirchildren.Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.

1.Thisselectionsuggeststhatchildabuseis（）.

2.Wecanknowfromthesecondparagraphthatthelawpassedby1973（）.

3.Thepersonwhoisleastlikelytobeachild-abusingparentistheonewho（）.

4.Whichoneofthefollowingismostprobablyacauseofchildabuse?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith?

問題1選項

A.agrowingproblemwhosecausesarenotfullyunderstood

B.causedprimarilybythementalillnessofparents

C.aproblemintheUnitedStates,butagreateroneinEurope

D.easilydeterminedbecauseofrecentpubliclaws

問題2選項

A.receivedlittleattentionfromthepublic

B.wascondemnedbyabusiveparents

C.wasaimedtoexpandwelfareprogramsoftheUnitedSlates

D.helpedmuchinclarifyingtheproblem

問題3選項

A.wasraisedinabusivefamilysituationshimself

B.createsapeacefulandsupportivefamilyenvironmentforhischildren

C.isunemployedorsociallyisolated

D.ismentallyill

問題4選項

A.Toohighanincomeoftheparents

B.Unemploymentoftheparents

C.Poorhealthofthechild

D.Peculiarpersonalitiesofthechild

問題5選項

A.ViolenceonTVmaycontributetochildabuse.

B.Medicaldoctorsarelargelytoblameforunreportedcasesofchildabuse.

C.Themediashouldnotdescribethedetailsofchildabusecases.

D.Violenceinoursocietyisacceptableunlesschildrenarevictims.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章首先提出虐待兒童的這個問題變得日益嚴重，但后面兩段就其原因進行分析，沒有給出一個確切的答案，所以選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.”這項法律不僅反映了有關(guān)公民的情緒，而且為消除關(guān)于什么是虐待兒童而產(chǎn)生的困惑和分歧作出了很大的努力。也就是說，幫忙澄清了什么是虐待兒童的問題，所以選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，虐待兒童的父母可能患有精神疾病或者自己本身也是在被虐待的家庭環(huán)境中長大，所以才會有虐待兒童的行為，首先排除選項A和D；根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，社會因素包括失業(yè)、社會孤立等也有可能導致父母有虐待兒童的傾向，所以選項C也不正確；選項B為孩子創(chuàng)造一個和平和支持的家庭環(huán)境的父母是最不可能虐待兒童的。選項B正確。

4.根據(jù)上一題可知，選項中最容易造成兒童虐待的應該是失業(yè)的父母，所以選項B正確。

5.選項A中的影視暴力在文中沒有提及；選項B沒有報道出來的兒童虐待案和醫(yī)生沒什么關(guān)系，所以錯誤；選項C在文中沒有涉及；根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.”這些問題加劇了局勢，特別是在我們的暴力文化中普遍贊同暴力的情況下。由此可推斷，暴力是可以被接受，只要不發(fā)生在孩子們身上，所以選項D符合原文。

4.單選題

Theystoodatthetopofthemountainandviewedthebeautiful（）.

問題1選項

A.lapse

B.landscape

C.layout

D.locality

【答案】B

【解析】lapse小錯,過失；landscape風景；layout布局,設(shè)計；locality地點,位置。句意：他們站在山頂欣賞美麗的風景。選項B符合句意。

5.單選題

AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.Sexecutivetellshisstallhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairlyandcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanageispromotebyhisBritishPresident,butwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.

Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement.

“Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture,”saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCaliforniabasedIRIInternationalinc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferentcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.

“NevershowtheshoetoanArad,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don’tthink‘yes’means‘yes’,adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggs,whohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial“dos”and“don’ts’'isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout,canbedisastrous.

Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplaints.“Youtoldusyou'dbefair,andyouliedtous,”accusedonesalesman.“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”

TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation,“hewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan,”saidhisU.S.Manager,“butinourcompany,we’reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim,itwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe’dbehumiliatedif1toldyouhisname,that’sanotherculturedifference.”

TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors.“Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney,”saysEugeneJ.Flath,presidentofIntelJapanLtd,asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker.“Now,Icanseeitisarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice.”

“That’swhyIntel,withthehelpofconsultantClarke,begananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericanandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.Fromthecontext,theword“baloney”iscloseinmeaningto

（

）.

3.WhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager?

4.Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor

（

）.

5.WhydidthepromotedJapanesemanageraskfortransfer?

問題1選項

A.BuildingBridgesOvertheCulturalRivets

B.MultinationalTrainingforBusinessman

C.LearningDifferentThinkingPatterns

D.CommunicationProblemsandComplaints

問題2選項

A.balcony

B.feat

C.nonsense

D.simplicity

問題3選項

A.TheAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem.

B.Thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient.

C.Moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreased.

D.Therewasamisunderstandingoftheword“fair”.

問題4選項

A.Americanmanagers

B.multinationalcompanies

C.Japaneseemployees

D.consultingfirms

問題5選項

A.Hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition.

B.Hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself.

C.Hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob.

D.Helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“本文最佳標題是……”。文章首先是通過一些實例來引出不同文化間的交流障礙這個話題，比如一位亞洲工程師被派到美國實驗室后幾乎精神奔潰；隨后提到跨國公司開始重視這個問題并且采取了一些措施來解決這些問題，四個選項中選項A包含了其他三個選項的內(nèi)容，最適合做文章標題。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可知，baloney與哪個單詞意思最接近”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到（Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney）與（Icanseeitisarealproblem），把之前的觀點與現(xiàn)在的觀點進行對比，前后發(fā)生了變化，由此可知baloney的意思與“arealproblem”是相反的，即“胡說八道”的意思。選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“為什么日本員工向他們美國經(jīng)理抱怨”。文章第五段提到“這位美國經(jīng)理說他花費了一年半的時間來明白日本員工認為的公平是被平等對待”（“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”），由此可以看出是因為對fair這個單詞的誤解，使得日本員工對此抱怨。選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“對于……來說，文化交流問題正變得特別重要”。文章第三段提到跨國公司開始重視文化（Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture），因此選項B符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“被提升的日本籍經(jīng)理為什么要求換工作”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“不能適應職位提升的日本經(jīng)理不能用更直接的語言與自己在英國的上司進行溝通從而提出了調(diào)換工作的要求”（TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors），選項C“他不能適應新工作”符合題意。

6.單選題

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,"No,quitecontrary."Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda"technologicalrenaissance"saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnogurus（領(lǐng)袖）promisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother'selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver,exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Incorporateexecutives’opinion,technology（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Thepassagestatesthat（）generation.

4.ItisimpliedintheParagraph6that（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmightbeanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.shouldbeaggressivelychampioned

B.hasaprofoundimpactontheirlives

C.renaissanceshouldbepushedforward

D.actuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality

問題2選項

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

C.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

問題3選項

A.technologicalwonders

B.accesstoinformation

C.timesavingdevices

D.time

問題4選項

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient

問題5選項

A.TheNewInternetLife

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問：以公司高管們來看，技術(shù)…...。根據(jù)原文第二段第三句“Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,‘No,quitecontrary.’”可知，大家的回答是“沒有，正好相反”，也就是我們在工作、家庭和社區(qū)中的生活質(zhì)量與所有新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以及企業(yè)對企業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務的引入不成正比。換言之，技術(shù)實際上導致了生活質(zhì)量的下降，由此可判斷D選項正確。A選項表示“應該積極擁護”，B選項表示“對他們的生活有深遠的影響”，C選項表示“應該推進復興”，均與原文表述不符，可排除。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問：下列哪一項表述不正確？根據(jù)原文第三段可知，技術(shù)專家（領(lǐng)袖）承諾我們，訪問將使人們生活更方便，給我們更多的時間。相反，正是那些本應解放我們的技術(shù)奇跡，卻開始把我們束縛在一張似乎無法輕易逃脫的關(guān)系網(wǎng)中。由此可見，技術(shù)專家的諾言沒有實現(xiàn)，相反科技的進步占據(jù)了人們更多的時間，人們也難以擺脫這些技術(shù)奇跡，所以判斷B、D選項正確，可排除。而A選項“技術(shù)本應讓人們獲得自由”與原文表述“l(fā)iberateus”相符，故可排除。雖然原文提到網(wǎng)絡(luò)生活開始奴役我們，但并非是指網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代變成了技術(shù)的奴隸，因此，C選項表述錯誤。故本題正確答案為C選項。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“generation”可定位到原文第四段第二句“Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources”，由此可知，我們的閑暇時光都被某種形式的商業(yè)聯(lián)系所填滿，反倒使得時間成為所有資源中最稀缺的一種。因此本題正確答案為D選項。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問：第六段暗示……。根據(jù)原文第六段第二句“Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?”可知，D選項“科技可能會讓人們更有耐心”表述正確。由第六段第一句“Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues”可知，社會保守派談論文明的衰落，并將其歸咎于道德指南針和宗教價值觀的喪失，由此判斷A選項表述錯誤。B選項“.com一代不如前幾代文明”以及C選項“高速文化導致了文明的淪喪”均與第六段內(nèi)容不符，故本題正確答案為D選項。

5.主旨大意題。原文主要講述了新的技術(shù)原本是以為人類節(jié)約時間和能量為目的，但實際上卻給人們帶來了很多負面影響，讓人們變得更加忙碌，更沒有耐心，由此可以判斷最適合作為文章標題的應當是B選項。A選項“新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)生活”表述過于籠統(tǒng)，可排除。C選項“科技復興的失敗”與原文內(nèi)容不符，故排除。D選項“生活質(zhì)量的下降”只是其中某些公司高管的觀點，過于片面，不能代表原文主旨，故排除。因此，本題正確答案為B選項。

7.填空題

Itispreciselythiskindofconversationwhichisofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bwhich改為that

【解析】【考查點】強調(diào)句。

【解題思路】Itis…that…為強調(diào)句，此題強調(diào)這種對話的重要性，引導詞用that。

【句意】當我們想方設(shè)法提高閱讀能力，以匹配更高的學習水平和隨之而來的新要求時，這種對話尤為重要。

8.單選題

Sheisavery________womantoshoutlikethatatthetopofhervoice.

問題1選項

A.vague

B.vogue

C.versatile

D.vulgar

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.vague模糊的，含糊的B.vogue流行，時尚n.

C.versatile多才多藝的，多功能的D.vulgar庸俗的，粗俗的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處作定語修飾下文的“woman（女人）”，表示她是一個什么樣的女人。由“shoutlikethatatthetopofhervoice（高聲喊叫）”可知，這是對該女人的描述，大喊大叫的人通常是粗俗、不雅的。vulgar指沒有好的品味或不禮貌的，因此D選項vulgar“庸俗的，粗俗的”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項vague“模糊的，含糊的”指沒有關(guān)于某事物足夠的信息或細節(jié)，一般不用來形容人，不能和“woman（女人）”進行搭配；

B選項vogue“流行，時尚”是一個名詞，指在特定的時間和地點流行的東西，不能用來作定語修飾“woman（女人）”；

C選項versatile“多才多藝的，多功能的”指某人能做很多不同的事情或某物有許多不同的用途，不能和“shoutlikethatatthetopofhervoice（高聲喊叫）”相對應。

【句意】她是一個非常粗俗的女人，竟那樣高聲喊叫。

9.單選題

BillClintonprojectedan（

）personalityinthe1992campaign,butthatwasnothisonlyadvantageoverBushandanindependentcandidate,RossPerot.

問題1選項

A.informal

B.exaggerative

C.affluent

D.effervescent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。informal“非正式的”；exaggerative“夸張的”；affluent“富裕的；流暢的”；effervescent“活躍的”。句意：比爾?克林頓（美國前總統(tǒng)）在1992年的競選中表現(xiàn)出活躍的個性，但這不是他相對于布什和獨立候選人羅斯?佩羅的唯一優(yōu)勢。只有D項可以形容personality。

10.單選題

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo's17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanities,ifanything,deepenedinthe20thcentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics—butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity:andTheDemon-hauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornelUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeofInformation,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlishofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘a(chǎn)ntiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthing,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”

1.Theword“schism”(Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans().

2.Paragraphs2and3arewrittento().

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.TheauthortakesPaulR.Gross’bookHigherSuperstitionasanillustrationtoshowthat().

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience”is().

問題1選項

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

問題2選項

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

問題3選項

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjectivetothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

問題4選項

A.traditionalculturewouldgreatlyaffectthedevelopmentofscience

B.scienceisnolongervulnerabletobeattacked

C.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentinterpretationonscience

D.scientificcommunityhasbecomepowerfulenoughtodefendanycriticsagainstscience

問題5選項

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句話“Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.”科學與文化其他方面的關(guān)系一直都很緊張,以及后面的舉例可知,20世紀,科學和人文之間的分歧加深了。confrontation對抗；dissatisfaction不滿；separation分歧,裂痕；contempt蔑視。選項A和選項C意思差不多,但注意句子中的措辭用的是deepened,所以選項C更符合語境。

2.第二段指出,科學界如此之強大以至于可以對批評者置之不理——但現(xiàn)在不同了。由于科學經(jīng)費減少,科學家開始著書抨擊“反科學”傾向；第三段指出,科學的擁護者也在一些會議上表達了他們的擔憂。根據(jù)第一段提到的科學和人文之間的分歧加深,由此推斷第二段和第三段主要是舉例說明科學和人文的分歧。選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Butsurelythat...seemedtosuggest.”,當然,這并不意味著,對不加控制的工業(yè)發(fā)展表示擔憂的環(huán)保主義者也是反科學的,而去年5月份刊登在《美國新聞和世界報導》的一篇文章卻似乎暗示是這么回事。選項A一篇文章指責環(huán)境保護者為反科學者,正確；根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容,反科學的標簽也貼在了許多其他群體上,從提倡消滅最后殘存的天花病毒庫的官方人士到倡議削減基礎(chǔ)研究基金的共和黨人。這里面包含了政黨人,所以選項B表述錯誤。選項C在文中沒有提及。選項D給環(huán)境保護者貼上“反科學”的標簽是有道理的,錯誤。

4.根據(jù)第四段的一二句“Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.”反科學對不同的人有不同的含義。格羅斯和萊維特主要挑那些質(zhì)疑科學客觀性的社會學家、哲學家和其他學者的毛病。選項C符合原文。

5.作者只是客觀地敘述了科學和人文學科之間的分歧,在文中沒有發(fā)表任何自己的看法或態(tài)度,所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀公正的。選項A正確。impartial公平公正的；subjective主觀的；biased有偏見的；puzzling疑惑的。

11.單選題

Notuntilthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies（）asaunifiedscience.

問題1選項

A.didecologyemerge

B.whenecologyemerged

C.ecologyemerged

D.whendidecologyemerge

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。當notuntil放句首時，句子要部分倒裝。故A項正確。句意：直到19世紀末20世紀初，生態(tài)學才作為統(tǒng)一的科學出現(xiàn)。

12.單選題

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness.

問題1選項

A.retarding

B.perusing

C.detaining

D.attaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項retard“延遲，阻止，妨礙”，B項peruse“詳細考察，精讀”，C項detain“拘留，留住，耽擱”，D項attain“達到，實現(xiàn)，獲得”。由afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappiness“充滿樂趣、沒有痛苦的生活等于幸?！?，結(jié)合actually“實際上”可知，reducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness表示“減少獲得真正幸福的機會”符合語境。句意：人們相信充滿樂趣、沒有痛苦的生活就等于幸福，這實際上減少了他們獲得真正幸福的機會。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

13.單選題

Foodsubsidiesarenecessaryforkeepingdownthepriceofdairyproductsandbread.

問題1選項

A.controls

B.aids

C.accumulations

D.transformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項controls“控制；控制裝置”；B選項aids“艾滋病”；C選項accumulations“積聚，累積；堆積物”；D選項transformations“轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意：食品補貼對于壓低乳制品和面包的價格是必要的。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語keepingdowntheprice（壓低價格），得知A選項正確。

14.填空題

Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon’tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Butbecausethetwobigcolacompanies—Coca-ColaandPepsiColaaremarketedsoaggressively,we’vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreference

A

B

C

actuallyplaysforbrandloyalty.

D

【答案】Dfor改為in

【解析】【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】playaroleinsth.為固定搭配，其意思為“在……中起作用”，howbigarole到句尾的部分還原成一般陳述語序為tastepreferenceactuallyplaysabigroleinbrandloyalty，所以D部分應為in。

【句意】因為口味是主觀問題，所以一般不會對食物進行偏好測試。但由于兩大可樂公司——可口可樂和百事可樂的營銷非常激進，我們想知道口味偏好在品牌忠誠度中到底起到了多大作用。

15.單選題

InmostAmericancities,therentforaone-bedroomapartmentwas$250ormorepermonthinrecentyears.InsomesmallercitiessuchasLouisville,KentuckyorJacksonville,Floridatherentwasless,butinlargercitiesitwasmore.Forexample,ifyoulivedinLosAngeles,youhadtopay$400ormoretorentaone-bedroomapartment,andthesameapartmentrentedfor$625andupinChicago.ThemostexpensiverentsintheU.S.wereinNewYorkCity,whereyouhadtopayatleast$700amonthtorentaone-bedroomapartmentinmostpartsofthecity.

Rentersandcityplannersareworriedaboutthehighcostofrentingapartments.Manycitiesnowhaverent-controllawstokeepthecostofrentinglow.Theselawshelplow-incomefamilieswhocannotpayhighrents.

RentcontrolintheUnitedStatesbeganin1943whenthegovernmentimposedrentcontrolsonallAmericancitiestohelpworkersandthefamiliesofsoldiersduringWorldWarII.Afterthewar,onlyonecity—NewYork—continuedtheseWorldWarIIcontrols.Recently,moreandmorecitieshavereturnedtorentcontrols.Atthebeginningofthe1980s,nearlyonefifthofthepeopleintheUnitedStateslivedincitieswithrent-controllaws.

Manycitieshaverent-controllaws,butwhyarerentssohigh?Buildersandlandlordsblamerentcontrolsforthehighrents.Rentsarehighbecausetherearenotenoughapartmentstorent,andtheyblamerentcontrolsfortheshortageofapartments.Builderswantmoremoneytobuildmoreapartmentbuildings,andlandlordswantmoremoneytorepairtheiroldapartmentbuildings.Buttheycannotincreaserentstogetthismoneybecauseoftherent-controllaws.Asaresult,landlordsarenotrepairingtheiroldapartments,andbuildersarenotbuildingnewapartmentstoreplacetheoldapartmentbuildings.Buildersarebuildingapartmentforhigh-incomefamilies,notlow-incomefamilies,solow-incomefamiliesmustliveinoldapartmentsthatareindisrepair.Buildersandlandlordsclaimthatrent-controllawsreallyhurtlow-incomefamilies.

Manyrentersdisagreewiththem.Theysayrentcontrol