考研考博-英語-仙桃職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-仙桃職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

InDisneylandeveryyear,some800,000plantsarereplacedbecauseDisneyrefusedto（

）signsaskinghis“guests”nottostepontherm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putdown

B.putout

C.putup

D.putoff

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。putdown鎮(zhèn)壓，貶低；putout熄滅，打擾；putup提供，建造，張貼；putoff推遲，阻止。

句意：在迪斯尼樂園，每年大約有80萬個(gè)植物被替換，因?yàn)榈纤鼓峋芙^張貼告示要求游客不要踩到植物。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaytakequitesometimetorecover.

B.Itcanbefixedwithaminoroperation

C.Itislessseriousthansheexpected.

D.ItrequiresanotherX-raytext.

【答案】C

【解析】11.W:Neithermyunclenormyelbowisbroken.Notevenalittlebit.

M:Neitherofthem.They’rebothbruised,butnotbroken.Here’stheX-rayreports.

Q:Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman’sinjury?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：關(guān)于這位女士的傷勢我們能知道什么？由文中“Neithermyanklenormyelbowisbroken.（我的腳關(guān)節(jié)和肘關(guān)節(jié)都沒有斷）”和“They’rebothbruised,butnotbroken.（它們都只是擦傷，沒有斷）”，可知C選項(xiàng)“Itislessseriousthansheexpected.（不如她想象中嚴(yán)重）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“Itmaytakequitesometimetorecover.（恢復(fù)可能需要相當(dāng)長的一段時(shí)間）”B選項(xiàng)“Itcanbefixedwithaminoroperation.（只要做個(gè)小手術(shù)就可以治好）”D選項(xiàng)“ItrequiresanotherX-raytest.（關(guān)節(jié)需要再做X光檢查）”不符合原文。

3.填空題

Directions:ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearatalkaboutBostonMuseumofFineArts.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)

1.Opendtothepublic(year)

2.Thewestwingcompleted(year)

3.Themostremarkabledepartment

4.Exhibitionspace(m2)

5.Programsprovidedclasseslectures5films

1.Opendtothepublic(year)

2.Thewestwingcompleted(year)

3.Themostremarkabledepartment

4.Exhibitionspace(m2)

5.Programsprovidedclasseslectures5films

【答案】1.1876

2.1981

3.textiles

4.19,137

5.Concerts

4.單選題

Intheend,thepolicehadto（

）toforceinordertobreakupthecrowd.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confine

B.withdraw

C.employ

D.appeal

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。confine“限制；禁閉”；withdraw“撤退；離開；收回”；employ“使用，采用；雇用”；appeal“呼吁；上訴；訴諸于”。句意：最后，警察為了驅(qū)散人群只能訴諸于武力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Webeganwithanexperiment.Themanaskedmetomakeadrawingonablankpieceofpaper.ImadeasketchofacreatureIhadinventedsometimeagotoamusemychildren.WhenIhadfinished,heaskedmetocoverthedrawingwithmyhand.ThenheaskedmetoconcentratehardandtotrytotransmitthethoughtofwhatIhadsketchedAminutewentbywithnoresult.Heshookhishead,"itseemsverycomplicated:isitakindofamoeba?"Slowlyandhesitantlyhebegantodrawthecreature’srightear-thespotwhereI’vealwaysbeginthedrawing.“you’vegotit.”Isaid."Goon!"Hecompletedthedrawingquickly.IhadcarefullyredrawnthepictureinmymindasItriedtotransmitit—whichprobablyaccountsfortheidenticalstartingpoint.

Themanthendemonstratedotherpower.Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal.Hehadalittletroubletryingtobreakmycarkey.However,heplaceditagainstametalradiator,andafterafewseconds,said,46Itisstartingtogo.Thekeysnappedintwo.

Thenhetriedtotransmitapicturetomebytelepathy.Iattemptedtomakemymindreceptive,butnoimagecameintoit.Feelingratherembarrassed,Ijustdrewthefirstthingthatcameintomyhead:checkmark.Themanshowedmethepieceofpaperhewasholding.ItcontainedamirrorimageofthesymbolIhaddrawn.Itcouldbesignificantinthisconnectionthatthemanisleft-handed.

AfterIlefttheroom,Ibegantosiftmyimpressions.Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror.Ihadtoadmitthatmostofthethingshaddonecouldhavebeentricks.Forinstance,snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror.ButhowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?Andifthatfeatwasduetogenuinetelepathicpower,theotherdemonstrationscouldalsobegenuine.

1.Inline11,“derives”mostnearlymeans（

）.

2.Itbeinferredfromline19-25thatthetelepathist’sdemonstrationswouldappearmostconvincingtoacriticalobserverifthetelepathistwereto

（

）.

3.The“acquaintance”mentionedinline19canbestbedescribedasa

（

）.

4.Whichphrasebestcharacterizestheauthor’sgeneralattitudeinthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obtains

B.infers

C.connects

D.traces

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.providemoreinformationabouthisbackground

B.critiquetheperformancesofothertelepathist

C.performinarigorouslycontrolledenvironment

D.talkaboutwhatheisdoingasheperforms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.skeptic

B.hypocrite

C.hoaxer

D.confidant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Completeindifferent

B.righteousindignation

C.Cynicalamusement

D.guardedacceptance

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.題干中的單詞出現(xiàn)在第二段第二句Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal（通過撫摸放在臉上的硬幣，他把我的手表指針調(diào)慢了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，日期也調(diào)回到了兩天前，他解釋說這是為了從金屬那里……力量）?？梢酝茰y“他解釋這種力量是從金屬那里得到的”，derive在這里是“獲得，得到”的意思。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章最后一段提到作者對于心靈感應(yīng)者其他一些手段他能夠識破，比如snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror，但是作者對如何偽造畫這一過程不明白，因?yàn)檫@是他重構(gòu)的畫（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?），這件事也是作者正在做的一件事。因此可以推測，如果當(dāng)表演的時(shí)候，談?wù)摰氖钦谧龅氖虑?，那么心靈感應(yīng)者的表演會更有說服力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.題干中的單詞出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段第二句話Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror（就在前兩天，我的一個(gè)……還警告我要小心戲法，特別是當(dāng)那個(gè)人以前是個(gè)舞臺魔術(shù)師的時(shí)候。）警告者要作者當(dāng)心舞臺上的一些小把戲，證明他對魔術(shù)師的花招比較了解。選項(xiàng)A符合題意，這個(gè)警告者是一個(gè)懷疑者。

4.作者在最后一段提到他承認(rèn)很多舞臺上的表演其實(shí)是戲法，但是作者對如何偽造畫這一過程不明白，因?yàn)檫@是他重構(gòu)的畫（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?）。證明作者對有些部分還是有疑問的。所以選項(xiàng)D“有保留的接受”符合題意。

6.單選題

Althoughthenumberofreportedvolcaniceruptionshasrisenexponentiallysince1850,thisindicatesnotincreasingvolcanicactivitybutrathermorewidespreadand______recordkeeping.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.systematic

B.erratic

C.superficial

D.abating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)systematic“系統(tǒng)的，體系的”，B項(xiàng)erratic“不穩(wěn)定的，古怪的”，C項(xiàng)superficial“表面的，膚淺的”，D項(xiàng)abating是abate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“使減少，使緩和”?？崭裉幮枰钊胍粋€(gè)和widespread并列的形容詞，D項(xiàng)可排除；根據(jù)recordkeeping（記錄保存），結(jié)合其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思可知，只有A項(xiàng)是符合語境的。句意：雖然自1850年以來，報(bào)告的火山爆發(fā)次數(shù)呈指數(shù)級增長，但這并不表示是火山活動的增加，而是更廣泛和更系統(tǒng)的記錄保存。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

7.填空題

A:Howlonghaveyouandyourteambeen（1）onthatfinalreport?

B:（2）aweekandahalfnow.Thedeadlineforsubmissionistomorrowat5o’clock.Ifwedon’tgetitdone（3）then,we’llreallybeinhotwater!Ihaven’tsleptawink（4）thedaybeforeyesterday.

A:No（5）youlooksotiredthen!IstherethatIcandotohelp?

B:Idon’tthinkso,butthanksforoffering.

A:Well,I（6）youluck!

【答案】working;For;by;since;wonder;anything;wish

【解析】句意:

——你和你的團(tuán)隊(duì)在完成最后那一篇報(bào)告上花了多久時(shí)間？

——到現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)半星期了。上交的截止日期是明天五點(diǎn)。如果我們在那時(shí)間

點(diǎn)還沒完成的話，我們就會有麻煩了。從前天開始我就沒合過眼了。

——難怪你看起來很疲憊。我可以幫你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？

——我認(rèn)為不用。但是謝謝你的好意。

——好，祝你好運(yùn)！

1.固定搭配。workon致力于，繼續(xù)工作，因?yàn)楹竺媸莊inalreport，說明之前還做了其它工作，因此這里應(yīng)該是取“繼續(xù)工作”之意。

2.語義題。此處的aweekandahalf是一個(gè)時(shí)間段,因此用for。

3.語義題。此處表示“截至”那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)會有什么樣的后果,因此填by。

4.固定搭配。nowonder難怪。

5.常用語?！盜sthereanythingIcandotohelp?(有什么可以幫到你嗎)”是常用的交際用語。

6.常用語。Iwishyouluck祝你好運(yùn)。

8.單選題

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto（）awholevarietyoftasks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assign

B.tackle

C.realize

D.solve

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assign表示“分配；指派”，B選項(xiàng)tackle表示“應(yīng)付，著手處理”，C選項(xiàng)realize表示“意識到”，D選項(xiàng)solve表示“解決（問題、難題等）”。由句意可知，計(jì)算機(jī)可以編程，解決各種各樣的任務(wù)。因此，只有B選項(xiàng)可以搭配賓語task，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Thewallflower______becauseitsweakstemsoftengrowonwallsandalongstonycliffsforsupport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.socalledis

B.soiscalled

C.issocalled

D.calledisso

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子可知這是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，句子中缺少系動詞和表語。因此A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；socalled表示“所謂的”，排除D項(xiàng)。句意：墻花之所以叫墻花，是因?yàn)槠浯嗳醯闹Ω山?jīng)常要靠墻壁或順石崖生長，以便有所依附。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

AlthoughthelegalsystemsofEnglandandtheUniteStatesaresuperficiallysimilar,theydifferprofoundlyintheirapproachestoandusesoflegalreasons:substantivereasonsaremorecommonthanformalreasonsintheUnitedStates,whereasinEnglandthereverseistrue.Thisdistinctionreflectsadifferenceinthevisionsoflawthatprevailinthetwocountries.InEnglandthelawhastraditionallybeenviewedasasystemofrules;theUnitedStatesfavorsavisionoflawasanoutwardexpressionofthecommunity’ssenseofrightandjustice.

Substantivereasons,asappliedtolaw,arebasedonmoral,economic,political,andotherconsiderations.Thesereasonsarefoundboth“inthelaw”and“outsidethelaw,”sotospeak.Substantivereasonsinformthecontentofalargepartofthelaw:constitutions,statutes,contracts,verdicts,andthelike.Consider,forexample,astatuteprovidingthat“novehiclesshallbetakenintopublicparks.”Supposethatnospecificrationalesorpurposeswereexplicitlywrittenintothisstatute,butthatitwasclear(fromitslegislativehistory)thatthesubstantivepurposeofthestatutewastoensurequietandsafetyinthepark.Nowsupposethataveterans’groupmountsaWorldWarIIjeep(inrunningorderbutwithoutabattery)asawarmemorialonaconcreteslabinthepark,andchargesarebroughtagainstitsmembers.MostjudgesintheUnitedStateswouldfindthedefendantsnotguiltybecausewhattheydidhadnoadverseeffectonparkquietandsafety.

Formalreasonsaredifferentinthattheyfrequentlypreventsubstantivereasonsfromcomingintoplay,evenwhensubstantivereasonsareexplicitlyincorporatedintothelawathand.Forexample,whenadocumentfailstocomplywithstipulatedrequirements,thecourtmayrenderthedocumentlegallyineffective.Awillrequiringwrittenwitnessmaybedeclarednullandvoidand,therefore,unenforceablefortheformalreasonthattherequirementwasnotobserved.Oncethelegalrule—thatawillisinvalidforlackofproperwitnessing—hasbeenclearlyestablished,andthelegalityoftheruleisnotinquestion,applicationofthatruleprecludesfromconsiderationsubstantiveargumentsinfavorofthewillsvalidityorenforcement.

LegalscholarsinEnglandandtheUnitedStateshavelongbemusedthemselveswithextremeexamplesofformalandsubstantivereasoning.Ontheonehand,formalreasoninginEnglandhasledtowoodeninterpretationsofstatutesandunwillingnesstodevelopthecommonlawthroughjudicialactivism.Ontheotherhand,freewheelingsubstantivereasoningintheUnitedStateshasresultedinstatutoryinterpretationssoliberalthatthetextsofsomestatuteshavebeenignoredaltogether.

51.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribesthecontentofthepassageasawhole?

52.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEnglishjudgeswouldbelikelytofindtheveterans’groupdiscussedinthesecondparagraphguiltyofviolatingthestatutebecause______.

53.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthelastparagraphofthepassage?

54.TheauthorofthepassagesuggeststhatinEnglishlawasubstantiveinterpretationofalegalrulemightbewarrantedunderwhichoneofthefollowingcircumstances?

55.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsaboutsubstantivereasonsistrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AnanalysisofsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthelegalsystemsofEnglandandtheUnitedStates.

B.AcontrastbetweenthetypesofreasonsembodiedintheUnitedStatesandEnglishlegalsystems.

C.Anexplanationofhowtwodistinctvisionsofthelawshapedthedevelopmentoflegalatoning.

D.Apresentationoftwotypesoflegalreasonsthatshowsthecharacteristicstheyhaveincommon.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.nottodosowouldencourageotherstoactasthegroupdid

B.theveteransfailedtodemonstratethattheiractivitieshadnoadverseeffectonthepublic

C.theveteransfailedtocomplywiththestipulatedrequirementsofthestatute

D.theveteransfailedtocomplywiththesubstantivepurposeofthestatute

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itpresentstheconsequencesofextremeinterpretationsofthetwotypesoflegalreasonsdiscussedbytheauthor.

B.Itshowshowlegalscholarscanincorrectlyuseextremeexamplestosupporttheirviews.

C.Itpresentsscholars’characterizationsofbothlegalsystemsthatareonlypartiallycorrect.

D.Itsuggestshowcharacterizationsofthetwotypesoflegalreasonscanbecomeconvolutedandinaccurate.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Socialconditionshavechangedtotheextentthattocontinuetoenforcetherulewouldbetodecidecontrarytopresent-daysocialnorms.

B.Individualswhohaveviolatedthelegalrulearguethatapplicationoftherulewouldleadtounfairjudicialinterpretations.

C.Superiorcourtjudgeshaveconsistentlyruledindecisionsregardingtheinterpretationofthelegalrule.

D.Thelegalityoftheruleisinquestionanditsenforcementisopentojudicialinterpretation.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theymustbeexplicitlywrittenintothelawinordertoberelevanttotheapplicationofthelaw.

B.Theyoftenprovidejudgeswithspecificrationalesfordisregardingthelawsoftheland.

C.Theyarelegalinnatureanddetermineparticularapplicationsofmostlaws.

D.Theymaybewrittenintolaws,buttheymayalsoexertanexternalinfluenceonthelaw.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】51.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最好地描述了整篇文章的內(nèi)容？”。文章首段前兩句提到AlthoughthelegalsystemsofEnglandandtheUniteStatesaresuperficiallysimilar,theydifferprofoundlyintheirapproachestoandusesoflegalreasons:substantivereasonsaremorecommonthanformalreasonsintheUnitedStates,whereasinEnglandthereverseistrue.（雖然英美兩國的法律制度在表面上是相似的，但在對待和使用法律理由方面卻有著深刻的不同：在美國，實(shí)質(zhì)理由比形式理由更為普遍，而在英國，情況恰恰相反。），根據(jù)這兩個(gè)句子可知全文是圍繞英美兩國在在法律上不同的理由類型展開討論的，因此B項(xiàng)“英美法律制度中所體現(xiàn)的理由類型之對比”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“英美兩國法律制度的異同分析”，文中沒有提到英美兩國的法律制度，只在開頭提到了AlthoughthelegalsystemsofEnglandandtheUniteStatesaresuperficiallysimilar（雖然英美兩國的法律制度在表面上是相似的），但是是為了引出下文對法律理由方面的論述；C項(xiàng)“解釋兩種不同的法律視角如何塑造了法律贖罪的發(fā)展”太片面；D項(xiàng)“介紹兩種類型的法律理由，以顯示它們的共同特征”，前半句正確，后半句錯(cuò)誤，文章沒有介紹兩種法律理由的共同特征。因此該題選B。

52.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷，英國法官很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)第二段中討論的退伍軍人組織違反了法律，因?yàn)椤?。文章中第二段最后兩句提到Nowsupposethataveterans’groupmountsaWorldWarIIjeep(inrunningorderbutwithoutabattery)asawarmemorialonaconcreteslabinthepark,andchargesarebroughtagainstitsmembers.MostjudgesintheUnitedStateswouldfindthedefendantsnotguiltybecausewhattheydidhadnoadverseeffectonparkquietandsafety.（現(xiàn)在假設(shè)一個(gè)退伍軍人組織把一輛二戰(zhàn)吉普車（正常運(yùn)行，但沒有電池）放在公園的混凝土板上作為戰(zhàn)爭紀(jì)念碑，其成員就會受到指控。大多數(shù)美國法官認(rèn)為被告無罪，因?yàn)樗麄兊男袨閷珗@的安靜和安全沒有負(fù)面影響。），由此可知美國的實(shí)質(zhì)法律理由不會認(rèn)為被告無罪是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有在實(shí)質(zhì)上對公園的安靜和安全造成影響；所以由此可以推斷，以形式法律理由為主的英國法官可能會認(rèn)為被告因?yàn)闆]有遵循規(guī)定要求而有罪；故C項(xiàng)“退伍軍人沒有遵守法令規(guī)定的要求”，正確。A項(xiàng)“如果不這樣做，就會鼓勵其他國家效仿該組織的做法”，文中沒有提到。B項(xiàng)“退伍軍人沒能證明他們的活動對公眾沒有負(fù)面影響”，即使他們證明了也仍然會判為違反法律，因?yàn)橛切问椒衫碛?，而不是?shí)質(zhì)理由。D項(xiàng)“退伍軍人沒有遵守法令的實(shí)質(zhì)目的”，這是實(shí)質(zhì)理由的內(nèi)容，與題干不符。因此該題選C。

53.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)最好地描述了文章最后一段的功能？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段的內(nèi)容LegalscholarsinEnglandandtheUnitedStateshavelongbemusedthemselveswithextremeexamplesofformalandsubstantivereasoning.Ontheonehand,formalreasoninginEnglandhasledtowoodeninterpretationsofstatutesandunwillingnesstodevelopthecommonlawthroughjudicialactivism.Ontheotherhand,freewheelingsubstantivereasoningintheUnitedStateshasresultedinstatutoryinterpretationssoliberalthatthetextsofsomestatuteshavebeenignoredaltogether.（長期以來，英國和美國的法律學(xué)者一直用形式推理和實(shí)質(zhì)推理的極端例子來麻痹自己。一方面，英國的形式推理導(dǎo)致了對成文法的呆板解釋，以及不愿通過司法能動主義發(fā)展習(xí)慣法。另一方面，美國隨心所欲的實(shí)質(zhì)性推理導(dǎo)致了法律解釋太隨意，以至于一些法規(guī)的文本被完全忽視。），由此可以推斷，最后一段的內(nèi)容提出了這兩類法律理由極端解釋的后果，因此A項(xiàng)“它提出了作者所討論的兩類法律原因的極端解釋的后果”正確。B項(xiàng)“它顯示了法律學(xué)者如何錯(cuò)誤地使用極端的例子來支持他們的觀點(diǎn)”，最后一段對于法律學(xué)者如何錯(cuò)誤地使用極端的例子來支持他們的觀點(diǎn)沒有做詳細(xì)描述，所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“它提出了學(xué)者們對兩種法律制度的描述只是部分正確”和D項(xiàng)“它暗示了這兩類法律原因的特征是如何變得令人費(fèi)解和不準(zhǔn)確的”都比較片面。因此該題選A。

54.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章作者建議，在英國法中，在下列哪一種情況下，可能需要對法律規(guī)則進(jìn)行實(shí)質(zhì)性的解釋？”。第三段最后一句提到Oncethelegalrule—thatawillisinvalidforlackofproperwitnessing—hasbeenclearlyestablished,andthelegalityoftheruleisnotinquestion，applicationofthatruleprecludesfromconsiderationsubstantiveargumentsinfavorofthewill'svalidityorenforcement.（一旦法律規(guī)則——遺囑因缺乏適當(dāng)?shù)淖C人而無效——已經(jīng)明確確立，規(guī)則的合法性也不存在問題，該規(guī)則的適用就阻止了支持遺囑有效性或強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的實(shí)質(zhì)性論據(jù)的考慮。），由此可推斷，當(dāng)規(guī)則的合法性存在問題的時(shí)候就會需要進(jìn)一步的解釋；所以D項(xiàng)“該規(guī)則的合法性受到質(zhì)疑，其執(zhí)行也有待司法解釋”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“社會條件已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化，如果繼續(xù)執(zhí)行這一規(guī)則，就會違背當(dāng)今的社會規(guī)范”這與題干無關(guān)；B項(xiàng)“違反法律規(guī)則的個(gè)人認(rèn)為，適用該規(guī)則將導(dǎo)致不公平的司法解釋”沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“高等法院的法官一貫在有關(guān)法律規(guī)則解釋的判決中作出裁決”，內(nèi)容與英國的形式法律理由不符。因此該題選D。

55.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列關(guān)于實(shí)質(zhì)理由的陳述哪一個(gè)是正確的？”。文章第二段前兩句提到Substantivereasons,asappliedtolaw,arebasedonmoral,economic,political,andotherconsiderations.Thesereasonsarefoundboth“inthelaw”and“outsidethelaw”（適用于法律的實(shí)質(zhì)性原因是基于道德、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和其他考慮。可以這么說，這些原因既存在于“法律之內(nèi)”，也存在于“法律之外”。），由此可知實(shí)質(zhì)性原因可以寫在法律之中，也可以對法律施加外部壓力，故D項(xiàng)“它們可能被寫入法律，但它們也可能對法律施加外部影響”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“它們必須明確地寫入法律，以便與法律的適用有關(guān)”太絕對；B項(xiàng)“它們常常為法官提供無視法律的具體理由”和C項(xiàng)“它們在本質(zhì)上是合法的，并決定大多數(shù)法律的特定適用”都比較片面，只是實(shí)質(zhì)理由的一方面。因此該題選D。

11.單選題

Hiscareerwasnotnoticeably（

）bythefactthathehadneverbeentocollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.hindered

D.refrained

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。prevent“防止”；restrain“抑制，阻止”；hinder“阻礙”；refrain“抑制，自制，避免”。句意：他的事業(yè)沒有因?yàn)樗麤]上過大學(xué)而受到明顯的障礙。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

本周末，一個(gè)著名網(wǎng)站中止了音樂和影視的下載服務(wù)，由此引起人們對多媒體文件共享網(wǎng)站命運(yùn)的嚴(yán)重關(guān)注。自星期六起，通過進(jìn)入音樂或電影頻道的路徑被屏蔽，或者被導(dǎo)向其他網(wǎng)站。VeryCD的首席執(zhí)行官黃一孟告訴記者，中止服務(wù)是為了避免著作權(quán)侵權(quán)。

【答案】Thisweekend,awell-knownwebsitesuspendedthedownloadserviceofmusicandmovies,whichcausedseriousconcernaboutthefateofmultimediafilesharingwebsites.SinceSaturday,accesstomusicormoviechannelsviahasbeenblockedordirectedtootherwebsites.VeryCDCEOHuangYimengtoldreportersthatthesuspensionofserviceistoavoidcopyrightinfringement.

13.單選題

His（

）thathehadnothingtodowiththeaffairwasgreetedwithsomesuspicion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.necessity

B.statement

C.promotion

D.disposal

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。necessity“需要；必然性；必需品”；statement“聲明；陳述”；promotion“提升，晉升；推銷”；disposal“處理；支配”。句意：他聲稱自己與此事無關(guān)，受到了一些質(zhì)疑。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.填空題

HowMarketersTargetKids

[A]Kidsrepresentanimportantdemographictomarketersbecausetheyhavetheirownpurchasingpower,theyinfluencetheirparents'buyingdecisionsandtheyaretheadultconsumersofthefuture.Industryspendingonadvertisingtochildrenhasexplodedinthepastdecade,increasingfromamere$100millionin1990tomorethan$2billionin2000.

[B]Parentstodayarewillingtobuymorefortheirkidsbecausetrendssuchassmallerfamilysize,dualincomesandpostponingchildrenuntillaterinlifemeanthatfamilieshavemoredisposableincome.Aswell,guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.Herearesomeofthestrategiesmarketersemploytotargetkids:

PesterPower

[C]Today’skidshavemoreautonomyanddecision-makingpowerwithinthefamilythaninpreviousgenerations,soitfollowsthatkidsarevocalaboutwhattheywanttheirparentstobuy."Pesterpower"referstochildren’sabilitytonagtheirparentsintopurchasingitemstheymaynototherwisebuy.Marketingtochildrenisallaboutcreatingpesterpower,becauseadvertisersknowwhatapowerfulforceitcanbe.

[D]Accordingtothe2001marketingindustrybookKidfluence,pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—“persistence”and"importance".Persistencenagging（apleathatisrepeatedoverandoveragain）isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticate“importancenagging".Thislattermethodappealstoparents'desiretoprovidethebestfortheirchildren,andplaysonanyguilttheymayhaveaboutnothavingenoughtimefortheirkids.

TheMarriageofpsychologyandMarketing

[E]Toeffectivelymarkettochildren,advertisersneedtoknowwhatmakeskidstick.Withthehelpofwell-paidresearchersandpsychologists,advertisersnowhaveaccesstoin-depthknowledgeaboutchildren’sdevelopmental,emotionalandsocialneedsatdifferentages.Usingresearchthatanalyzeschildren’sbehavior,fantasylives,artwork,eventheirdreams,companiesareabletocraftsophisticatedmarketingstrategiestoreachyoungpeople.

[F]Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation（APA.urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.TheAPAiscurrentlystudyingtheissue.

BuildingBrandNameLoyalty.

[G]CanadianauthorNaomiKleintracksthebirthof"brand"marketinginher2000bookNoLogo.AccordingtoKlein,themid-1980ssawthebirthofanewkindofcorporation—Nike,CalvinKlein,TommyHilfiger,tonameafew—whichchangedtheirprimarycorporatefocusfromproducingproductstocreatinganimagefortheirbrandname.Bymovingtheirmanufacturingoperationstocountrieswithcheaplabor,theyfreedupmoneytocreatetheirpowerfulmarketingmessages.Ithasbeenatremendouslyprofitableformula,andhasledtothecreationofsomeofthemostwealthyandpowerfulmulti-nationalcorporationstheworldhasseen.

[H]Marketersplanttheseedsofbrandrecognitioninveryyoungchildren,inthehopesthattheseedswillgrowintolifetimerelationships.AccordingtotheCenterforaNewAmericanDream,babiesasyoungassixmonthsofagecanformmentalimagesofcorporatelogosandmascots.Brandloyaltiescanbeestablishedasearlyasagetwo,andbythetimechildrenheadofftoschoolmostcanrecognizehundredsofbrandlogos.Whilefastfoodtoyandclothingcompanieshavebeencultivatingbrandrecognitioninchildrenforyears,adult-orientedbusinessessuchasbanksandautomakersarenowgettinginontheact.

BuzzorStreetMarketing

[T]Thechallengeformarketersistocutthroughtheintenseadvertisingclutter（雜亂）inyoungpeople'slives.Manycompaniesareusing"buzzmarketing"anewtwistonthetried-and-true"wordofmouth"method.TheideaistofindthecoolestkidsinacommunityandhavethemuseorwearyourproductinordertocreateabuzzarounditBuzzor"streetmarketing’’，asit'salsocalled,canhelpacompanytosuccessfullyconnectwiththeelusive（難找的）teenmarketbyusingtrendsetterstogivethemproducts"cool"status.

[J]Buzzmarketingisparticularlywell-suitedtotheInternet,whereyoung"Netpromoters"usechatroomsandblogstospreadthewordaboutmusic,clothesandotherproductsamongunsuspectingusers.

CommercializationinEducation

[K]Schoolusedtobeaplacewherechildrenwereprotectedfromtheadvertisingandconsumermessagesthatpermeatedtheirworld—butnotanymore.Budgetshortfallsareforcingschoolboardstoallowcorporationsaccesstostudentsinexchangeforbadlyneededcash,computersandeducationalmaterials.

[L]Corporationsrealizethepoweroftheschoolenvironmentforpromotingtheirnameandproducts.Aschoolsettingdeliversacaptiveyouthaudienceandimpliestheendorsementofteachersandtheeducationalsystem.Marketersareeagerlyexploitingthismediuminanumberofways,including:1）sponsorededucationalmaterials;2）supplyingschoolswithtechnologyinexchangeforhighcompanyvisibility;3）advertising,postedinclassrooms,schoolbuses,oncomputersinexchangeforfunds;4）contestsandincentiveprograms:forexample,thePizzaHutreadingincentivesprograminwhichchildrenreceivecertificatesforfreepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal;5）sponsoringschoolevents.

TheInternet

[M]TheInternetisanextremelydesirablemediumformarketerswantingtotargetchildren.It’spartofyouthculture.ThisgenerationofyoungpeopleisgrowingupwiththeInternetasadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.Kidsareoftenonlinealone,withoutparentalsupervision.Unlikebroadcastingmedia,whichhavecodesregardingadvertisingtokids,theInternetisunregulated.Sophisticatedtechnologiesmakeiteasytocollectinformationfromyoungpeopleformarketingresearch,andtotargetindividualchildrenwithpersonalizedadvertising.

MarketingAdultEntertainmenttoKids

[N]Childrenareoftenawareofandwanttoseeentertainmentmeantforolderaudiencesbecauseitisactivelymarketedtothem.Inareportreleasedin2000,theU.S.FederalTradeCommission（FTC.revealedhowthemovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesroutinelymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.

[O]TheFTCstudied44filmsrated“Restricted”，anddiscoveredthat80percentweretargetedtochildrenunder17.MarketingplansincludedTVcommercialsrunduringhourswhenyoungviewersweremostlikelytobewatching.TheFTCreportalsohighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.Matureandteenratedvideogamesareadvertisedinyouthmagazines:andtoysbasedon“Restricted”moviesandM-ratedvideogamesaremarketedtochildrenasyoungasfour.

1.Guiltcanaffectparents’spendingdecisionsbecausetheydon’thaveenoughtimefortheirkids.

2.TheCenterforaNewAmericanDreampointedoutthatbrandloyaltiescouldbeformedasearlyasagetwo.

3.Schoolboardsallowcorporationstoaccesstostudentsbecausetheyneedmoneyandeducationalmaterialsbadly.

4.TheFTCreporthighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.

5.Forthisgenerationofyoungpeople,theInternetisadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.

6.AccordingtoKidfluence,“persistencenagging"islesseffectivethanthemoresophisticated“importancenagging”.

7.AccordingtoareportreleasedbytheU.SFederalTradeCommission,themovie,musicandvideogamesindustriesusuallymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.

8.Buzzmarketingiswell-suitedtotheInternetbecausetheinteractiveenvironmentcanspreadmessageseffectively.

9.AgroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsthinkthatitisunethicaltousechildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkids.

10.AccordingtothePizzaHutreadingincentivesprogram,childrenwillreceivecertificatesforfleepizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal.

【答案】1.B

2.H

3.K

4.O

5.M

6.D

7.N

8.J

9.F

10.L

【解析】1.題干句意：內(nèi)疚會影響父母的消費(fèi)決定，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有足夠的時(shí)間照顧孩子。題干中的guilt以及decision定位到B段，并且題干是對“guiltcanplayaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.當(dāng)時(shí)間緊張的父母用物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品來替代和孩子在一起的時(shí)間時(shí)，