(新高考)高考英語一輪復(fù)習選擇性必修第三冊 Unit 3　高考題型組合練 (含詳解)

高考題型組合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AIn2007，BiancaValentihadanexperiencewhichnearlykilledher.WhenshepaddledoutatOceanBeachinSanFrancisco，shemetawavethelengthofagarageandastallasatwo-storyhouse.“ThesecondIwentunderwater，Iwasjustgettingknockedandspuneverywhichway.Andthenmyfeettouchedthesandbottomthere.Iswamtothesurface.Atthispointmylungswereburningpainfully.Ijustthoughttomyself，‘Ifthere’sonemorewaveafterthis，I’mgoingtodie.’Luckilytherewasn’tanotherwave.”ThatwaswhenValentiknewshehadthedriveandskilltosurfbigwaves.By2014，ValentisurfedandwonherfirstbigwavescontestatNelscottReefinOregon.There，shemetfellowprofessionalsPaigeAlms，AndreaMoller，andKealaKennelly.“Twothingsgotmefiredupatthatpoint，”shesaid.“Iwantedtohavetheopportunitytowinmoreevents，butthereweren’tmoreeventsforwomen.AlsoInoticedthatjustthesightofwomensurfingbigwaveswasopeningpeople’sminds...That’sreallyannoying.”Luckily，Valenti，Alms，Moller，andKennellybecameadynamicfoursomeanddecidedtosticktogether，supporteachother，andthenfighttogether.ThefoursurfersformedCommitteeforEquityinWomen’sSurfing(CEWS)tofightforentranceatMavericks—acontestsetinthesurfinglocationofthesamename，northofHalfMoonBay.Maverickswasinvitation-onlyandwasopentoonlymenwhenCEWSwasformed.Now，throughtheorganization’shardworkwiththeStateofCalifornia，womenareawarded12spotstosurf.WhenValentiwasyoung，thereweren’tmanywomenrepresentedinsurfingculture.“Ithinkit’simportantforyoungkidstohaveallkindsofrolemodels.Thatwaytheyknowallthepeoplewhotheyseeassuperheroesarejustnormalpeoplewhohavecrazydreams.Andsometimesthedreamsaren’teventhatcrazy.Ifyouworkhardandyousticktogetherwithyourfriends，youcandoanything.Youcanmovemountains.”語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了BiancaValenti的沖浪生涯以及她為女性在這一領(lǐng)域能夠獲得平等的機會所做出的努力。1．WhatinspiredValentitosurfbigwaves?A．Hergiftinlearningsurfingskills.B．Hernear-deathexperiencein2007.C．Hercouragetochallengemensurfers.D．Herambitiontobethebestrolemodel.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段，特別是其最后一句“ThatwaswhenValentiknewshehadthedriveandskilltosurfbigwaves.”可知，Valenti在2007年被大浪擊倒而險些溺亡的經(jīng)歷激勵了她去沖巨浪。故選B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“firedup”inParagraph3mean?A．Angry. B．Excited.C．Depressed. D．Concerned.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“That’sreallyannoying.”可知，Valenti對這樣的現(xiàn)狀感到很憤怒；結(jié)合畫線詞所在句可推知，firedup應(yīng)意為“憤怒的”，與angry意思相近。故選A。3．WhatdoweknowaboutMavericksinValenti’stime?A．Itwasnamedafterthebay.B．Allsurferswereadmittedtoitfreely.C．Itopened12spotsforwomensurfers.D．Surferscouldonlyattenditbyinvitation.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Maverickswasinvitation-onlyandwasopentoonlymenwhenCEWSwasformed.”可知，只有受到邀請的人才能參加Mavericks。故選D。4．WhichofthefollowingphrasescanbestdescribeValenti?A．Ambitiousandcourageous.B．Emotionalandstubborn.C．Toughandimpractical.D．Simple-mindedbuthelpful.答案A解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，Valenti敢做大多數(shù)女性不敢做的事情，她認為偉大的人不過是堅持完成了自己的瘋狂夢想的普通人。她不斷沖浪、獲獎，并力圖改變這一領(lǐng)域缺乏女性參與的現(xiàn)狀。由此可推知，她是一個有雄心壯志且勇敢的人。故選A。BHometoreefs，sharksandmanyexoticfish，theCoralSeaisauniquereserveofbiodiversityoffthenortheasterncoastofAustralia.IfaproposalbytheAustraliangovernmentgoesahead，theregionwillbecometheworld’slargestmarineprotectedarea，withbansonfishing，miningandmarinefarming.TheCoralSeareservewillcoveralmost990,000squarekilometersandstretchasfaras1,100kilometersfromthecoast.RevealedbyenvironmentministerTonyBurke，theproposalwillbethelastinaseriesofproposedmarinereservesaroundAustralia’scoast.Buttheplanattractscriticismfromscientistsandconservationgroupsclaimingthegovernmenthasn’tdoneenoughinprotectingtheCoralSea.TheyevenpointoutonlyhalfoftheCoralSeareserveisproposedasa“no-take”area，inwhichallfishingwouldbebanned.Buttheworld’slargestexistingmarinereserve，establishedbytheBritishgovernmentintheIndianOcean，spans554,000km2andisano-takezonethroughout.SomepeoplearguemoreoftheCoralSeashouldreceivethislevelofprotection.TheAustraliangovernmentdidn’trespondtothecriticism.ButRobinBeaman，amarinegeologist，saysthereservedoes“broadlyprotecttherangeofhabitats”inthesea.“Icantestifytothehugeeffortthatgovernmentagenciesandotherorganizationshavemadetounderstandtheecologicalvaluesofthisvastarea，”hesays.ReservesproposedearlierforAustralia’ssouthwesterncoastalregionshavealsobeencriticizedfornotgivinghabitatsadequateprotection.Somescientistspointedouttheproposalsforthesouthwesternregionhadnotbeenbasedonthe“corescienceprinciples”ofreserves—theprotectedregionswerenotrepresentativeofallthehabitatsintheregion，theysaid.Criticssaythesouthwesternreserveoffersthegreatestprotectiontotheoffshoreareaswherethereislittlethreattotheenvironment，acontroversyalsoleveledattheCoralSeaplan.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要闡述了由澳大利亞政府提出的珊瑚海保護區(qū)計劃所引發(fā)的爭論。5．WhatdowelearnfromthepassageabouttheCoralSea?A．Itisextremelyrichinmarinelife.B．Itisthebiggestmarineprotectedarea.C．Itremainslargelyundisturbedbyhumans.D．Itisauniquereserveofendangeredspecies.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Hometoreefs，sharksandmanyexoticfish，theCoralSeaisauniquereserveofbiodiversityoffthenortheasterncoastofAustralia.”可知，這里海洋生物非常豐富。故選A項。6．WhatdoestheAustraliangovernmentplantodoaccordingtoTonyBurke?A．MakeanewproposaltoprotecttheCoralSea.B．Reviseitsconservationplanowingtocriticisms.C．Upgradetheestablishedreservestoprotectmarinelife.D．Completetheseriesofmarinereservesarounditscoast.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“RevealedbyenvironmentministerTonyBurke，theproposalwillbethelastinaseriesofproposedmarinereservesaroundAustralia’scoast.”可知，TonyBurke說這項計劃將是一系列海洋保護區(qū)的最后一個。故選D項。7．WhatdoesmarinegeologistRobinBeamansayabouttheCoralSeaplan?A．ItcancomparewiththeBritishgovernment’seffortintheIndianOcean.B．Itwillresultintheestablishmentoftheworld’slargestmarinereserve.C．Itwillensurethesustainabilityofthefishingindustryaroundthecoast.D．Itisanenormousjointefforttoprotecttherangeofmarinehabitats.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句可知，RobinBeaman認為政府和其他機構(gòu)為了解這片廣袤地區(qū)的生態(tài)價值付出了巨大努力。故選D項。8．WhatdocriticsthinkoftheCoralSeaplan?A．ItwillaffectAustralia’sfishingindustry.B．Itwilldomoreharmthangoodtotheenvironment.C．Itwillprotectregionsthatactuallyrequirelittleprotection.D．Itwillwinlittlesupportfromenvironmentalorganizations.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句可知，批評者認為珊瑚海計劃保護的是一些幾乎不需要保護的區(qū)域。故選C項。C(2022·重慶名校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)Whatifourcitystreetscouldactlikeforestsandreducepollution?Thankstoscientificinnovation，roadstreatedwithanewpavementtechnologycannoweatsmogandhelpkeepcitiescool.Sincethereislittleroomforforestsinurbanareas，whereairpollutionactuallyoccurs，PavementTechnologyInc.(PTI)，togetherwithresearchersfromLouisianaStateUniversity，cameupwithanasphaltspray(瀝青噴霧)calledA．R.A.-1Ti.Thespray’sexactcompositionhasn’tbeenrevealed，butitisknowntobebasedontitaniumoxide(二氧化鈦)，acomponentcontainedinmanysunscreensonthemarket.Whenultravioletrays(紫外線)fromthesunactivatethischemicalsubstance，lightandheatareabsorbedandmovedapart.Throughachemicalprocess，titaniumoxidealsobreaksdownpoisonoussubstancesintheair.“Ingoodconditions，wecanachievea60%reduction，”saidMichaelDurante，PTI’svicepresidentoffinanceandstrategicplanning.Butthesprayisnotonlymeanttoaddressoverheatingandtoremoveharmfulgasesproducedbycars.Itcanalsomakeagingasphaltstronger，preventingbreaksgeneratedbysevereheat.TheseimpressivecharacteristicshaveencouragedseveralcitiesintheUStotryouttheproduct.Thesuccessstorieskeepaddingup.AtOrlandoInternationalAirport，taxiwaypavementsthathadbeensprayedwiththetitaniumdioxide-basedcompositionhavealreadymanagedtoreducenitrogenoxide(一氧化氮)ratesbyhalf.AndinCharleston，thepavementtreatmentisbeingusedinlow-incomeneighborhoodsthathavemanyasphalt-coatedroads.Thecompanysuggeststhatwhileheatshortenspavementlife，theirproduct’scomponentscanextenditfromfivetotenyears，whichtranslatesthepavementsintosustainableroads.Andalthoughgreenspacesarestillnecessaryandcannotbefullyreplacedduetotheirmultipleenvironmentalandhealthbenefits，innovationslikeA．R.A.-1Tiareextremelypromising.Wemayexpecttoseethemajorbenefitsitcanbringtopublichealth，positivelyaffectingthelivesofbillionslivinginurbanareasworldwide.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。PTI公司與路易斯安那州立大學聯(lián)合發(fā)明了一種名為A.R.A.-1Ti的瀝青噴霧，這種新型路面噴霧可以幫助吸收、分散光和熱，分解空氣中的有害物質(zhì)，像森林一樣為城市降溫、減少污染。9．WhatisthefunctionoftheasphaltsprayaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Toeffectivelyprotectforests.B．Torelievetrafficjamsincitystreets.C．Toreduceurbanheatandairpollution.D．Todetecttheweatherandroadconditions.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thankstoscientificinnovation，roadstreatedwithanewpavementtechnologycannoweatsmogandhelpkeepcitiescool.”可知，新型路面噴霧有助于城市降溫和改善空氣污染。故選C項。10．WhatcanweknowabouttheasphaltsprayaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Itextendslifeofroads.B．Itblocksoutultravioletlight.C．Itismadefromsunscreens’components.D．Itmayabsorbharmfulsubstancesintheair.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，路面噴霧還可以使老化的瀝青變得更堅固，防止高溫造成的路面開裂，即延長了道路的使用壽命。故選A項。11．WhatareexamplesinParagraph3mentionedfor?A．Tostresstheimportanceoftheinvention.B．Toprovethesuccessfulapplicationofthespray.C．Toemphasisethenecessityoftheroadtreatment.D．Toshowtheincreasingpopularityoftheproduct.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“TheseimpressivecharacteristicshaveencouragedseveralcitiesintheUStotryouttheproduct.Thesuccessstorieskeepaddingup.”可知后面的兩個例子是為了證明該噴霧的成功應(yīng)用。故選B項。12．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AMajorReforminUrbanConstructionB．GreenSpaces：TheAccesstoPublicHealthC．TheBrightProspectofthePavementTechnologyD．ANewAsphaltSpray：TheWelfaretoUrbanAreas答案D解析標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一種新型瀝青噴霧，包括其優(yōu)勢、工作原理、應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀及其給城市帶來的益處。故D項可作文章最佳標題。Ⅱ.七選五(2022·山東煙臺期中)Whileanewenvironmentisexciting，theadjustmentprocesscanbechallenging.Evenifeverythingisgoingwellatthebeginningofyournewjoborschool，somethingunexpectedcanhappen.1Thefollowingtipswillhelpyouadapttoanewenvironmentmorequicklyandsmoothly.Askquestions.Itisunderstandablethatwhenyoustart，youdon’twanttoshowyouneedadditionalexplanation，butyouhavetorememberyouarenew!Youarelearninganentirelydifferentprocess，sotherewillbethingsyouneedtoasktounderstand.2Infact，ithastheexactoppositeeffect.Youwillnotonlyimpressotherswithyouroriginalideasbutalsoopenupopportunitiestobuildrelationshipsacrossyournewteam.Seekoutamentor(指導者)．Havingamentor，particularlyatthebeginning，canmakeyouradaptationmuchmoremanageable.Thispersoncanbeyourboss，yourprofessor，orjustafriendlyclassmateorco-worker.3Andmoreimportantly，theycanhelpyoulearnsomeessentialthingsyouwon’tfindinthehandbook.Gettoknowpeople.Beyondyourmentor，makeitaprioritytofindmorenewfriends.Itdoesmakeaconsiderabledifference.Thisway，youwillfeelmoreconnectedandapartofthings，insteadofbeinganisland.Thisdoesn’tmeanyouhavetogot