電氣安全相關(guān)培訓(xùn)講義

ELECTRICALSAFETY電氣安全1Currentflowthroughthebody電流通過人體體Yourbodyactslikeaconductor.你的身體是一一個(gè)導(dǎo)體Mostcommonpathusuallyinvolvesheart&lungs.一般路線會(huì)經(jīng)經(jīng)過心臟和肺肺2ElectricalInjuries電的傷害Therearefourmaintypesofelectricalinjuries:電傷害的主要要類型：Direct直接的:Electrocutionordeathduetoelectricalshock電死或電擊致致死Electricalshock電擊Burns電灼傷Indirect–Falls間接－墜落3Theeffectsthatelectricshockwillhaveonanindividualwilldependuponthetypeofcircuit,itsvoltage,resistanceamperage,thepathwaythroughthebody,andthedurationofthecontact.Electricshockproducedbyalternatingcurrentsofpowerlinefrequency(normally50Hertz)passingfromhandtofootforonesecondcanproducethefollowingeffects:觸電對人體產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的危害要要視電路的類類型，電壓，，電阻大小，，(相同電流交流流比直流危險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn),電壓越高越危危險(xiǎn),電阻越小越危危險(xiǎn)).電流流經(jīng)人體體的路線以及及接觸持續(xù)的的時(shí)間而定(胸至手,手至腳最危險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn);手至手,背或臀至手比比較危險(xiǎn);電流經(jīng)過大腦腦時(shí)相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn);腳至腳危險(xiǎn)性性較小)。由電源線（（通常為50赫茲）的交流流電從手流到到腳1秒鐘的的觸電會(huì)產(chǎn)生生以下的后果果：TheEffectsOfElectricalShock觸電的結(jié)果40.7~1milliamp-(LADY-MEN)barelyperceptible.0.7~1毫安－剛能覺覺察到（手指指麻刺）9-25milliamps-Interruptionofmuscularcontrol.9-25毫安－對肌肉肉的自控中斷斷（手迅速麻麻痹，呼吸困困難）milliamps-interruptionofheartfunction75毫安－心臟功功能中斷（心心室開始顫動(dòng)動(dòng)）amps-Immediatecardiacarrest4安培－心博立立即停止TheEffectsOfElectricalShock觸電的結(jié)果5Secondaryinjuriesarefrequentlyassociatedwithelectricalshock.Theseinjuriesarenormallyassociatedwithfallsorcollisionsrelatedtotheelectricalshockcausinginvoluntarymusclereactions.Obviously,inthecaseoffallstheresultcanalsobefatal.電還會(huì)經(jīng)常引引發(fā)二次傷害害。這類傷害害通常與因觸觸電引起肌肉肉不自覺的反反射而跌倒或或碰撞相關(guān)。。顯然，如果果跌倒的話，，也會(huì)引起傷傷害甚至死亡亡。6內(nèi)容綜述：Today’’stopicsinclude:雷電Lightning電動(dòng)工具electricalHandTools配線及插座Wring&ExtensionCords接地/接零電電流保護(hù)EarthLeakageProtection臨時(shí)用電設(shè)施施ElectricalTemporaryFacilities系統(tǒng)掛牌、加加鎖lockout/Tagout其它要求Additionrequirement7雷電LIGHTNING8Lightningclassification直擊雷Directclashlightning靜電感應(yīng)雷Staticinductionlightning電磁感應(yīng)雷Magneticinductionlightning雷擊分類9Lightning’scharacteristics完全不可預(yù)測測Totallyunpredictable極高的能量Highenergy雷電的危害Lightning’sharm人身傷亡Humaninjuries電力中斷、設(shè)設(shè)備及建筑物物損壞Poweroutage&equipment,buildingsdamage火災(zāi)及爆炸Fires&explosions雷電的特性10Rulesofthumbs––estimatingthedistancebetweenyouandalightningflash看見閃電和聽聽到雷聲之間間的時(shí)間/你你和雷電之間間的距離SecondsBetweenSeeingLightningandHearingtheThunder/5=Distance(miles)記?。豪纂娍煽梢該糁?0英里外的物物體Remember:Itcanstrikeasfaras10milesfromthestormcloud.1英里=1.609千米經(jīng)驗(yàn)——估計(jì)計(jì)你和雷電之之間的距離11告訴你的上級(jí)級(jí)和你的同事事Tellyoursupervisorandyourco-workers.主管必須采取取所有必要的的預(yù)防措施保保護(hù)工人Thesupervisormusttakeallprecautionsnecessarytoprotecttheworkers.把有關(guān)防雷的的緊急程序納納入工作計(jì)劃劃的一部分Prepareanemergencyprocedureaspartofthejobplan.當(dāng)看到閃電或或聽到雷聲時(shí)時(shí)，你應(yīng)該Do’swhenyouseethelightningorhearthethunder12進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)，或或車內(nèi)Getindoors,orinsideacar.遠(yuǎn)離門窗，避避免與任何金金屬物接觸Stayawayfromwindowsanddoors,avoidcontactwithanyconductors.避免使用電話話，除非是無無繩電話或移移動(dòng)電話Avoidusingthetelephoneunlessitisacordlessorcellularphone.當(dāng)雷電來臨時(shí)時(shí)，保護(hù)你自自己Whenlightningcomes,protectyourself13卸除除你你的的工工具具帶帶，，手手中中不不要要拿拿任任何何東東西西Removeyourtoolbeltanddon’’tholdanyobjectsinyourhands.遠(yuǎn)離離樹樹木木和和水水Stayawayfromtreesandwater.蹲下下并并使使雙雙腳腳盡盡量量靠靠緊緊.Putyourfeetasclosetogetheraspossibleandcrouchdown.除了了腳腳以以外外，，不不要要讓讓你你身身體體的的任任何何部部分分接接觸觸到到大大地地Donotletanypartofyourbodyotherthanyourfeetcontacttheground如果果你你沒沒法法進(jìn)進(jìn)入入屋屋內(nèi)內(nèi)Ifyoucannotgetindoors14手持持電電動(dòng)動(dòng)工工具具ELECTRICALPOWEREDHANDTOOLS15確定定你你已已接接受受足足夠夠的的可可以以安安全全使使用用工工具具的的訓(xùn)訓(xùn)練練Ensurethatyouhavebeenproperlytrainedtousethetoolsafely.保證證工工具具的的完完善善(外外殼殼,手手柄柄,負(fù)負(fù)荷荷線線,插插頭頭,開開關(guān)關(guān)等等)Ensurethetool’’sintegrity.使用用合合理理的的插插頭頭Ensureelectricalcords,connectionsandplugsareproper.在使使用用手手持持電電動(dòng)動(dòng)工工具具前前應(yīng)應(yīng)做做些些什什么么?Whatshouldyoudobeforeusingpoweredhandtools?16每次次使使用用前前Priortoeachuse.檢查查其其外外表表是是否否有有裂裂紋紋或或其其他他損損傷傷Checktheoutsideforcracksorotherdamages.檢查查導(dǎo)導(dǎo)線線是是否否損損壞壞，，檢檢查查插插頭頭是是否否有有裂裂紋紋或或插插針針錯(cuò)錯(cuò)誤誤Inspectthecordsfordefects.Inspecttheplugforcracksandforfaultyprongs.Note:Portableelectricalequipmentshouldnotbepickeduporcarriedbyitspowercord.手提提式式電電氣氣設(shè)設(shè)備備的的電電源源線線不不能能作作提提起起或或搬搬運(yùn)運(yùn)用用。。何時(shí)時(shí)/如如何何檢檢查查電電動(dòng)動(dòng)工工具具?Whenandhowshouldyouinspectpoweredhandtools?17馬上上換換掉掉————不不要要““使使用用””Replaceitimmediately––labelthetoolwith““donotuse””清楚楚的的標(biāo)標(biāo)示示Markitclearly.工具具必必須須交交給給合合格格的的人人員員修修理理Havetoolsrepairedbyaqualifiedperson.當(dāng)發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)工工具具損損壞壞時(shí)時(shí)如如何何處處理理？？Whatshouldyoudoifyoufindatooldefective?18當(dāng)有有連連續(xù)續(xù)的的火火花花產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生生或或?qū)?dǎo)線線過過熱熱時(shí)時(shí)應(yīng)應(yīng)立立即即檢檢查查Checkimmediatelyifthecordfeelsmorethancomfortablywarmoratoolissparkingexcessively.在調(diào)調(diào)整整和和更更換換附附件件時(shí)時(shí)應(yīng)應(yīng)斷斷開開電電源源Disconnectthepowersupplybeforemakingadjustmentsorchangingaccessories.使用用時(shí)時(shí)，，導(dǎo)導(dǎo)線線遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)離離工工具具，，只只能能用用經(jīng)經(jīng)批批準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)的的合合格格插插座座Duringuse,keeppowercordsclearoftools.Usetheapprovedextensioncordsonly.使用用手手持持電電動(dòng)動(dòng)工工具具時(shí)時(shí)Whenyouusethepoweredhandtools19將工工具具存存放放于于干干燥燥，，安安全全的的地地方方Storetoolsinadry,securelocation.不要要采采用用拔拔扯扯電電源源線線的的方方法法斷斷開開電電源源Donotdisconnectthepowersupplybypullingorjerkingthecord.在潮潮濕濕環(huán)環(huán)境境使使用用時(shí)時(shí)應(yīng)應(yīng)小小心心，，保保持持手手的的干干燥燥Takecarewhenuseelectrictoolsinwetconditions.Keepyourhandsdry.X使用手手持電電動(dòng)工工具時(shí)時(shí)Whenyouusethepoweredhandtools20當(dāng)使用用插座座提供供臨時(shí)時(shí)電源源線時(shí)時(shí)Whenyouusetheextensioncords插座只只可用用于提提供臨臨時(shí)電電源Extensioncordsmayonlybeusedtoprovidetemporarypower.每次使使用前前檢查查Inspectthembeforeanyuse.插座電電源線線必須須為三三芯或或五芯芯Extensioncordsmustbeofthethree-wireorfive-wiretypes.現(xiàn)場制制作的的插座座電源源線須須由合合格人人員完完成Job-madeextensioncordsmayonlybebuiltbyqualifiedpersons.必須使使用接接地保保護(hù)短短路器器Ground-faultcircuitinterruptermustbeused.使用時(shí)時(shí)避免免損壞壞Preventdamagewhenyouusethem.21ToolSafetyTips電動(dòng)工工具使使用小小知識(shí)識(shí)Useglovesandappropriatefootwear使用手手套和和適當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)男琒toreindryplacewhennotusing當(dāng)不用用時(shí)存存儲(chǔ)在在干燥燥的地地方Don’tuseinwet/dampconditions不要在在潮濕濕環(huán)境境里使使用Keepworkingareaswelllit作業(yè)區(qū)區(qū)域有有足夠夠的照照明Ensurenotatrippinghazard確保沒沒有絆絆倒危危險(xiǎn)Don’tcarryatoolbythecord不要搬搬動(dòng)被被束縛縛的工工具Don’tyankthecordtodisconnectit拆除連連接時(shí)時(shí)不要要拽電電源線線Keepcordsawayfromheat,oil,&sharpedges避免電電線接接觸熱熱，油油和鋒鋒利的的邊緣緣Disconnectwhennotinuseandwhenchangingaccessoriessuchasblades&bits不用時(shí)時(shí)或更更換附附件如如刀片片時(shí)拆拆除連連接Removedamagedtoolsfromuse禁止使使用損損壞的的工具具22接地故故障斷斷路器器GroundFaultCircuitInterrupter23Grounding接地/接零Groundingcreatesalow-resistancepathfromatooltotheearthtodisperseunwantedcurrent.接地在在工具具和地地面之之間形形成低低阻路路徑，，分散散不需需要的的電流流Whenashortorlightningoccurs,energyflowstotheground,protectingyoufromelectricalshock,injuryanddeath.發(fā)生短短路或或閃電電時(shí)，，能量量流入入地面面，避避免人人觸電電/受受傷/死亡亡。2425人員安安全Safetyofpersonnel.配電回回路的的安全全Safetyofpowerdistributioncircuit.減少短短路造造成的的事故故Minimizestheaccidentcausedbyelectricalfaults.接地故故障斷斷路器器保護(hù)的的目的的PurposesofGroundFaultCircuitInterrupter26接地故故障斷斷路器器保護(hù)護(hù)應(yīng)用用于TN-S接零系系統(tǒng)TheGroundFaultCircuitInterruptershouldonlybeusedinTN-Ssystem.保證上上下極極動(dòng)作作的選選擇性性Ensuretheselectivecharacteristics.保證接接線的的正確確性Ensurethecorrectwiringmethod.保證選選擇正正確的的規(guī)格格Ensuretherightchoiceofrating.注意Attention:27臨時(shí)用用電設(shè)設(shè)施TEMPORARYELECTRICALFACILITIES28承包商商應(yīng)遵遵守當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)卣坎块T頒頒發(fā)的的所有有相關(guān)關(guān)規(guī)定定。例例如：：《施施工現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場臨臨時(shí)用用電安安全技技術(shù)規(guī)規(guī)范》》JGJ46-2005Contractorswillcomplywithallrelevantrulesasissuedbylocalauthorities,suchas““SiteSafetyTechnicalSpecificationsforTemporaryPowerSupply””JGJ46-2005建筑施施工現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場采采訪臨臨時(shí)用用電工工程中中性點(diǎn)點(diǎn)直接接接地地的三三相四四線低低壓電電力系系統(tǒng),必須符符合下下列規(guī)規(guī)定:采用三三級(jí)配配電系系統(tǒng)采用TN-S接零保保護(hù)系系統(tǒng)采用二二級(jí)漏漏電保保護(hù)系系統(tǒng)總體要要求Generalrequestforthepowersupply:29施工現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場臨臨時(shí)用用電設(shè)設(shè)備在在5臺(tái)及以以上或或設(shè)備備總?cè)萑萘吭谠?0KW及以上上者,應(yīng)編制制用電電組織織設(shè)計(jì)計(jì).所有從從事電電氣工工作的的人員員，包包括臨臨時(shí)供供電或或接線線作業(yè)業(yè)的人人員應(yīng)應(yīng)具備備當(dāng)?shù)氐卣块T門頒發(fā)發(fā)的有有效的的電工工操作作證書書。AllpersonsengagedinelectricalworkinvolvingatemporarypowersupplyorassociatedwiringshallpossessavalidElectriciansCertificateissuedbythelocalauthority.總體要要求Generalrequestforthepowersupply:30AllTemporaryPowerSupplyequipment,facilitiesandwiringshallbeselectedasperthevoltagelevelofthesuppliedelectricalpower.AllassociatedelectricalcomponentsshallsatisfytherequirementsasindicatedinassociatedNationalSpecificationsandStandards.Threephasesandfive-wiresystemshallbeusedforlowvoltagetemporarypowersupply.所有臨臨時(shí)用用電設(shè)設(shè)備，，設(shè)施施和線線路必必須按按供電電電壓壓正確確選用用，所所有有有關(guān)的的電氣氣元器器件必必須滿滿足相相關(guān)的的國家家規(guī)范范和標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要要求，，臨時(shí)時(shí)用電電電源源和有有關(guān)的的線路路必須須嚴(yán)格格遵守守電氣氣施工工和安安裝規(guī)規(guī)范。。低壓壓臨時(shí)時(shí)用電電設(shè)施施采用用三相相五線線制31Alltemporarypower(Allportabletoolsdrivenbyelectrical)facilitiesshallhavesuitableleakageandgroundingprotectionandbeoperatedinamodeof““Onetool,oneswitch”.Theratingoftheelectriccurrentoftheleakageprotection/groundingdeviceshallnotgreaterthan30mAandtheactiontimemustbelessthan0.1s.Bypassingfusesorusingordinarywireinsteadoffusewireisstrictlyforbidden。所有的的臨時(shí)時(shí)用電電設(shè)施施(包括便便攜式式電動(dòng)動(dòng)工具具)應(yīng)有合合適的的漏電電保護(hù)護(hù)器和和接地地保護(hù)護(hù)。并并且實(shí)實(shí)行““一閘一一機(jī)一一保護(hù)護(hù)”,開關(guān)箱箱漏電電保護(hù)護(hù)器動(dòng)動(dòng)作電電流應(yīng)應(yīng)不超超過30毫安，，且反反應(yīng)時(shí)時(shí)間應(yīng)應(yīng)小于于0.1秒。嚴(yán)嚴(yán)禁用用普通通電線線代替替保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)絲.32電箱設(shè)設(shè)置一般以以三級(jí)級(jí)配電電,即即總配配電箱箱,分分配電電箱,開關(guān)關(guān)箱.分開關(guān)關(guān)箱與與開關(guān)關(guān)箱距距離不不得超超過30m,開關(guān)箱箱與用用電設(shè)設(shè)備不不宜超超過3m,配電箱箱應(yīng)裝裝設(shè)在在干燥燥,通通風(fēng)的的常溫溫場所所.箱體應(yīng)應(yīng)采用用冷軋軋鋼板板或阻阻燃絕絕緣材材料制制作,固定定式下下底與與地1.4m~1.6m,移動(dòng)式式的0.8m~1.6m,一般固固定式式電箱箱要重重復(fù)接接地,電箱箱必須須防雨雨,防防潮,防塵塵.33PowerDistributionBoxmustbeweatherproofed34臨時(shí)電電源箱箱的低低壓出出線及及其它它臨時(shí)時(shí)用電電線路路，應(yīng)應(yīng)采用用絕緣緣良好好的橡橡皮軟軟導(dǎo)線線；在在地下下敷設(shè)設(shè)時(shí)，，每隔20米清晰的標(biāo)標(biāo)記所有地地下電纜的的走向。如如架空敷設(shè)設(shè)時(shí)，可選選用絕緣導(dǎo)導(dǎo)線，嚴(yán)禁禁采用裸線線。電纜不不能直接敷敷設(shè)在地上上，保證電電纜不直接接接觸地面面。Lowvoltageoutgoingcablefromtemporarypowersupplysubstationandothertemporarypowersupplywiringshallbeofsoftrubbertypewithsoundinsulation.Whenitisnecessarytobelaidonorunderground,rubbersleevecableshallbeused.Allundergroundcablesshallbeclearlymarkedwithredandwhiteconcretemarkersatthesurfaceatintervalsof20m.Whenitistobelaidoverhead,insulationcableshallbeselected,bareleadisstrictlyforbidden.Cablesshallnotbelaiddirectlyonthegroundbutshallbesupportedbypoleswithsufficientspacingtoensurecabledoesnottouchtheground.電纜線要求求35Temporarypowercable,whencablescrossingaroadmustbeguardedbyinstallingasteelprotectionsleeve.Protectionmeasuresshallbetakeninplaceswhereembeddedcablescouldbesubjecttomechanicaldamage.臨時(shí)用電線線路穿過馬馬路的電纜纜應(yīng)安裝金金屬保護(hù)套套管。埋地地電纜在可可能受到機(jī)機(jī)械損傷的區(qū)域域應(yīng)采取保保護(hù)措施Alltemporarypowersupplycablesandwiringmusthavesoundinsulation,propersplicesandbereliablyconnected,andshallnotbelaidinplaceswheretheycouldsustaindamageorcreateahazardouscondition.i.e.tooclosetosteampipeline.所有臨時(shí)用用電電纜和和配線要有有可靠的絕絕緣，正確確的接線，，可靠的連連接，并且且不得敷設(shè)設(shè)在可能遭遭到傷害或或產(chǎn)生危險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)的地方，，例如太靠靠近蒸氣管管線電纜線要求求36電纜需有過過路保護(hù)Noproperprotectionforpowercablecrosstheroadsurface37Cablecrossroadprotection√Touseappropriatecablecoverageacrosstheroad38電箱內(nèi)電器器應(yīng)當(dāng)具有有電源隔離離,短路,過載及漏電電保護(hù)功能能Ifacircuitisopenedbythetrippingofaprotectivedevicesuchasafuse,circuitbreaker,donotresetthecircuituntilyouhaveidentifiedandresolvedtheproblem.Insomecases,itmaybenecessaryfora““Qualified””persontoinvestigateandcorrectthesituation.Protectivedevicesinacircuitarethereforapurposeandarenottobedefeated,modified,orbypassedeventemporarily.若電熔絲熔熔斷、斷路路器等保護(hù)護(hù)裝置的跳跳閘而斷開開時(shí)，在找找出原因和和解決故障障之前，不不要重新接接通電路。。有時(shí)，可可能需要請請專業(yè)人員員到現(xiàn)場尋尋找原因并并解決問題題。電路中中的保護(hù)裝裝置在電路路中都是有有它的用途途，不能隨隨意修改或或被短接，，即使臨時(shí)時(shí)這樣做也也不行。電箱內(nèi)電器器要求39AllTemporaryPowerSupplyandDistributionpanelsandcabinetsonsiteshallbeproperlynumberedandequippedwithrainprotection.Thedoorsofalltemporarypowersupplycabinetsandpanelsshallbefirmlyclosedandallincome/outcomecableoftemporarypowersupplycabinetshallbecorrectlyandneatlylaidout?，F(xiàn)場上所有有臨時(shí)用電電設(shè)施、配配電盤和配配電柜應(yīng)正正確編號(hào)并并配備防雨雨保護(hù)設(shè)施施。所有臨臨時(shí)用電配配電柜和配配電盤的門門應(yīng)關(guān)閉好好，所有臨臨時(shí)配電盤盤/柜的進(jìn)線/出線應(yīng)正確確地和整潔潔地敷設(shè)。。Thevoltageofanyportablelampshallnotexceed36V.Whileworkinginextraordinarydampandwetworkenvironmentsorinsidemetalequipmentsuchasprocessvessels,containerortanks,thevoltageofthetemporaryportablelampshallnotexceed12V.任何一個(gè)手手提燈的電電壓不應(yīng)超超出36V。當(dāng)在特別潮潮濕的環(huán)境境或在金屬屬設(shè)備如工工藝塔、容容器、集裝裝箱或罐內(nèi)內(nèi)工作時(shí)，，臨時(shí)手提提燈的電壓壓不應(yīng)超過過12V電箱內(nèi)電器器要求40一個(gè)重要原原則是：盡盡可能減小小被損害的的可能Oneofthemostimportantprincipleis:minimizetheriskofdamageaspracticalaspossible.臨時(shí)電纜Temporarycabling41與項(xiàng)目其他他永久電纜纜及設(shè)施之之間至少2米凈距Aminimum2mseparationwithanypermanentprojectcablingorotherservices.高壓電纜埋埋深：-0.8米；；低壓電纜纜埋深：-0.7米ForHVcablesdepth:-0.8mminimum;LVcables:-0.７mminimum.所有電纜宜宜沿途采用用標(biāo)記Allthecablesshouldbeproperlymarkedalongtherouting.地下電纜UndergroundCable42如果不可避避免，電纜纜與道路的的凈距為：Ifitisunavoidable,thecleanheightabovetheroadandroutecrossingsare:當(dāng)?shù)缆愤^車車時(shí)，6.0米6.0m,wheretheroadsandroutesaredesignatedforusebyvehiculartraffic.當(dāng)?shù)缆方怪管囕v通行行時(shí)，3.5米地上電纜應(yīng)應(yīng)采取措施施固定，并并盡可能避避開人行道道、扶梯、、樓梯等Abovegroundcablesshallbefixedonsite,andbeinstalledclearofpassageways,ladders,stairetc.wherepossible.地上電纜AboveGroundCable43地上電纜應(yīng)應(yīng)纏繞黃/黑色膠帶帶Abovegroundcablesshallbelabeledwithyellow/blackcoloredtapes.與管道設(shè)施施保持最少少150厘厘米的間距距Keepdistancewithpipedservices,ataminimumof150mm.經(jīng)常移動(dòng)的的電纜應(yīng)采采用重型氯氯丁橡膠電電纜或類似似功能電纜纜Frequentlymovedcablesshallbeflexibleheavy-dutyneoprenerubbertypeorequivalent.地上電纜AboveGroundCable44低壓接地系系統(tǒng)采用TN-S保護(hù)系統(tǒng).LVsuppliesearthingsystemshallbearrangedasTN-S.接地網(wǎng)電阻阻不應(yīng)大于于4歐姆。。接地線應(yīng)應(yīng)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)銅銅導(dǎo)體黃綠綠色PVC絕緣，應(yīng)選選用合適規(guī)規(guī)格。Theresistanceofearthinggridshallnotexceed4.Earthwiresshallbeofthestandardcopperconductorwithgreen/yellowPVCsheathing,andproperlysized.接地/接零零保護(hù)45Transformersubstations所有戶外型型變電所均均應(yīng)滿足戶戶外使用要要求Allthesubstationsusedoutdoorshallmeettheoutdooruserequirements.變壓器連接接組別應(yīng)為為三角形-星形連接接，低壓中中性點(diǎn)應(yīng)直直接接地Transformersshallbeconnecteddelta-starandtheLVneutralpointshallbesolidlyearthed.使用緊湊型型變電所時(shí)時(shí)，保證其其置于水泥泥柱基礎(chǔ)上上并圍以帶帶鎖的圍欄欄Whenusethepackagedsubstations,makesuretheyaremountedonconcreteplinthswithafencedenclosurewithpadlockablegates.使用角桿保保護(hù)變電所所不受車輛輛影響，其其與路邊的的距離宜大大于5米Thecornerpostsshallprotectthesubstationequipmentfromvehicleimpact.Anditshouldbelocatedatleast5mclearfromtheedgeofanyroad.變電所46Distributionboards(LV)所有戶外用用配電柜均均應(yīng)滿足戶戶外使用要要求Allthedistributionboardsusedoutdoorshallmeettheoutdooruserequirements.回路應(yīng)采用用熔斷器或或塑殼短路路器保護(hù)，，最大不超超過355安TheoutgoingcircuitsshallbeprotectedbyfusesorMCCBshavingamaximumratingof355A.分配電盤Forthesub-distributionboard應(yīng)有進(jìn)線開開關(guān)Oneincomingswitchshallbeprovidedwith.所有配出回回路均應(yīng)采采用短路及及漏電電流流保護(hù)。最最大不超過過125安安Eachoutgoingfeedershallbeprovidedwithshortcircuitandresidualcurrentprotection.Maximumoutgoingfeederratingshallbe125A.配電盤（低低壓）47系統(tǒng)掛牌、、上鎖SystemLockout/Tagout48系統(tǒng)掛牌、、加鎖可保保護(hù)人員、、設(shè)備在項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目建設(shè)及及起動(dòng)過程程中不受危危險(xiǎn)能源的的危害，并并為停用的的系統(tǒng)設(shè)備備及系統(tǒng)提提供信息Safetytagsandlockoutswillhelptoprotectpersonnelandequipmentformhazardousenergysourcesduringtheconstructionandstartupphaseoftheproject,andalsoprovideadescriptionoftheequipmentcomponentsandsystemsthatareoutofservice.目的Purpose49Twotypesoftags危險(xiǎn)——不不得操作/移除掛掛牌Danger-DoNotOperate/RemoveTag禁止人員操操作、通電電、或加壓壓設(shè)備及電電氣回路prohibitingpersonnelformoperating,energizing,orpressurizingequipmentandelectricalcircuits.兩種掛牌形形式50注意——限限制操作掛掛牌Caution––RestrictedOperationTag控制人員操操作、通電電或加壓于于設(shè)備或電電路的方法法。controllingthemethodspersonnelmayusetooperate,energizeorpressurizeequipmentandelectricalcircuits.51ElectricalLock-Out電的鎖定的的要求Intheeventanelectricalsystemisrequiredtobelocked-out,theSupervisoroftheEmployeerequestingthelock-outmustcontacttheappropriateProjectorUnitpersonnel.QualifiedProjectorUnitpersonnelwillassistwithisolationoftheelectricalsystemsneededtoisolatetheelectricalenergysourceby:在電系統(tǒng)要要求鎖定的的情況下，，主管人員員要求鎖定定必須與項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目或者單單位人員進(jìn)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)牡臏贤?，?xiàng)項(xiàng)目或單位位有資格的的人員將幫幫助隔離電電源：Placingalock-outdeviceontheappropriateisolatingdevice.放一個(gè)鎖定定裝置在適適當(dāng)?shù)母綦x離裝置上。。Placingacompletedtagoneachlock-outdevicehe/sheplaced.在放鎖定裝裝置上放一一個(gè)有效的的標(biāo)簽52Tryingtooperateequipmentormachinerylocked-outtoassureisolation.試著操作設(shè)設(shè)備或機(jī)械械確保隔離離有效Removelock-outdevicesandtagslast,afterallworkandotherlock-outdevicesandtagshavebeenremoved.在所有工作作完成并且且其它的鎖鎖定和標(biāo)簽簽已取消后后取消鎖定定和標(biāo)簽。。EachSupervisoroftheanydepartmentworkingwiththeelectricallock-outmustensurethelock-outofthesystembytestingstartbuttonsorswitches.每個(gè)工作要要在電鎖定定部門的主主管要確保保鎖定系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)經(jīng)過起動(dòng)動(dòng)試驗(yàn)或開開關(guān)試驗(yàn)。。ElectricalLock-Out電的鎖定的的要求53ELECTRICALLOCKOUT電氣開關(guān)鎖鎖定54注意Requirements加鎖是好方方法Locksarepreferredmeans.在正確位置置掛牌Usethetaginrightplace.兩種掛牌不不可用于同同一設(shè)備Thetwotypesoftagsshallnotbehungonthesamecomponent.決不可操作作危險(xiǎn)掛牌牌的設(shè)備。。NoonemayoperateacomponentwiththeDangerTag.ELECTRICALLOCKOUT電氣開關(guān)鎖鎖定55其它要求及及常見問題題AdditionalRequirementandCommonIssue56對帶電設(shè)備備進(jìn)行操作作前，摘下下首飾（如如指環(huán)、項(xiàng)項(xiàng)鏈、手表表、手鏈等等）。細(xì)察看潛在在的危險(xiǎn)：：如潮濕的的地板、不不接地的擴(kuò)擴(kuò)展電源線線、磨損的的電源線;將緊急開關(guān)關(guān)放在工作作間，以便便事故發(fā)生生時(shí)，迅速速切斷電源源；如如果有有潛在的危危險(xiǎn)，請不不要單獨(dú)工工作；進(jìn)進(jìn)行檢查查前，務(wù)必必請斷開電電源；如如果事故故發(fā)生，關(guān)關(guān)掉系統(tǒng)電電源；報(bào)警警；判斷是是否受害者者需要進(jìn)行行人工呼吸吸，及時(shí)尋求醫(yī)醫(yī)療幫助。。設(shè)備只允許許經(jīng)培訓(xùn)合合格的人員員操作和維維護(hù)；系系統(tǒng)上電電前，請認(rèn)認(rèn)真閱讀安安裝指南。。帶電作業(yè)57keepingaprescribedsafedistance(Attachtable)fromexposedenergizedlines,avoidingtheunsafeuseofelectricalequipment,andfollowinglockout/Tag-outprocedures.離開暴露的的帶電線路路保持規(guī)定定的安全距距離(附表)，避免使用用不安全電電氣設(shè)備，，遵守上鎖鎖或掛牌程程序58Attachment附表1.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceforcranetopowerlineatfollow:起重機(jī)與架架空導(dǎo)線低低端的最小小安全距離離導(dǎo)線電壓等等級(jí)(KV)<1以內(nèi)1035110220330500垂直方向(m)1.53.04.05.06.07.08.5水平方向(m)1.52.03.54.06.07.08.52.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceoperatepersonstonakedpowerlineatfollow:操作人員與帶帶電體的最小小安全距離設(shè)備電壓等級(jí)級(jí)(KV)10以內(nèi)20~354460~110154220最小安全距離離(m)1.5233.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceforweldingtonakedpowerlineatfollow:電氣焊作業(yè)與與帶電體的最最小安全距離離設(shè)備電壓等級(jí)級(jí)(KV)110以內(nèi)10以上最小安全距離離(m)11.534.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceforoperatepersonsonpoleortowertonakedpowerlineatfollow:在帶電線路的的桿,塔上作業(yè)與帶帶電體的最小小安全距離導(dǎo)線電壓等級(jí)級(jí)(KV)10以內(nèi)20~354460~110154220最小安全距離離(m)0.711.21.52359Electricityhastheabilitytoarc,orjumpfromunguardedpowerlinestoanindividualincloseproximitytotheline.Quiteafewpeoplehavebeenkilledorinjuredwhilecarryingapieceofconductiveequipment,suchasaladder,inanelevatedpositionorbybeingincontactwithavehiclethatcomeswithinarcingrangeofanoverheadpowerline.電可產(chǎn)生電弧弧，能從未做做防護(hù)的電源源線跳到附近近的人身上。。所以有人在在高處扛著一一個(gè)導(dǎo)電的設(shè)設(shè)備（如梯子子）走的時(shí)候候，或接觸觸了處于架空空電源線電弧弧范圍內(nèi)的車車輛，觸到電電源線的電弧弧而死亡或受受傷。60DuringHighpotentialinspectionsonelectricequipment,theareaaroundshouldbeclearandbarricadewithredropes,notauthorizedpersoncannotenter.電氣設(shè)備作耐壓試驗(yàn)時(shí)應(yīng)保持設(shè)備周圍有安安全空間，人員不可進(jìn)入，并圍上警示帶，避避免人員誤入。Before,duringandafterDCHighVoltageinspection,workershouldusesuitableelectrographicpenciltotouchtheelectrifiedportionwheretheelectriccanbetouchedbygrounding.直流耐壓實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)時(shí)不論測試前后,人員接觸帶電部份時(shí)均應(yīng)先以驗(yàn)電筆驗(yàn)電，以免人員觸電.Shouldassignapersontowatchandkeepotherpeopleasafedistanceaway.需有人員警戒戒避免人員誤誤接觸造成觸電。61BeforeEnergization,Visuallycheckandmakesuretheconnectionandrelayapparatusareingoodconditionandwithoutanyotherequipmentoncircuit.電氣設(shè)備送電電前以人工目視檢查各輸配電設(shè)備內(nèi)有無異物，各接點(diǎn)連接是否正常,繼電保護(hù)設(shè)定是否正確.Anybodyshallbeinformedofemergencyalwayshappening.Whenoperatetheswitchbreakersnostandingoppositethebreakersisallowed.告知每一位參與者，再好的設(shè)備都可能發(fā)生故事，操作作開關(guān)應(yīng)避開正面位置，而以斜角或或側(cè)面方式操作.62Informalltherelativedepartmentswithofficialnoticesenergizingareasshallbeclearlyshownonthedrawingsandgoodwarningsignssuchasunderenergizationshallbeavailableintheworkingarea.以正式文件通通知相關(guān)單位人員送電危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域及電壓等級(jí)，並於明明顯處張貼平面圖標(biāo)示已送電區(qū)域，所有送電開關(guān)盤面應(yīng)加掛標(biāo)示「送電中危險(xiǎn)」。Anyisolationworkforthepowersupplyswitchesshallbesignedwithwarningboardsandlocked.Powersupplyshallbetterbeoff.任何隔離工作必須參考單線圖所示，隔離所有開關(guān)，并加掛告示牌及及上鎖，最好上一層電源切斷。63Hazard–ExposedElectricalParts危害-電器元元件的曝露Coverremovedfromwiringorbreakerbox電盒蓋被移走走64IsolateElectricalParts-Cabinets,Boxes&Fittings隔離電器元件件-電柜,電電箱或及裝置置Conductorsgoingintothemmustbeprotected,andunusedopeningsmustbeclosed導(dǎo)體穿過必須須有保護(hù),并并且不用的開開口應(yīng)密封65Hazard–OverloadedCircuits電路過載過載會(huì)引起著著火66SiteElectricityFacilitiesinBTESCaojing拜耳漕涇現(xiàn)場場的電設(shè)施67SiteSubstation現(xiàn)場變電站68697071TDI項(xiàng)目配電箱要要求1.外裝插座必須須防水,三相380V插座一箱只允允許裝一個(gè),單相220V允許裝2個(gè).2.中心點(diǎn)離地不不小于0.8米.3.總電箱及分配配電箱必須掛掛明鎖并鎖住住.4.電箱有標(biāo)識(shí),包括單位名稱稱,電工姓名,電話及警示標(biāo)標(biāo)志.5.月檢標(biāo)簽.6.地拖及拖線盤盤嚴(yán)禁使用.72總配電箱73分配電箱74開關(guān)箱外部要要求75電箱的日檢查查76現(xiàn)場用電設(shè)備備安全77焊接機(jī)械:電焊機(jī)械應(yīng)放放置在防雨,干燥和通風(fēng)良良好的地方,現(xiàn)場不得有易易燃易爆物品品.交流弧焊機(jī)變變壓器的一次次側(cè)電源線長長度不應(yīng)大于于5米,其電源進(jìn)線處處必須設(shè)置防防護(hù)罩.發(fā)電機(jī)式直流流電焊機(jī)的換換向器應(yīng)經(jīng)常常檢查和維護(hù)護(hù),應(yīng)消除可能產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的異常電電火花.電焊機(jī)械開關(guān)關(guān)箱中的漏電電保護(hù)器必須須符合要求,交流電焊機(jī)械械應(yīng)配裝防二二次側(cè)觸電保保護(hù)器.電焊機(jī)機(jī)械的的二次線應(yīng)采采用防火橡皮皮護(hù)套銅芯軟軟電纜,電纜長度不應(yīng)應(yīng)大于30m,不得采用金屬屬構(gòu)件或結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)鋼筋代替二二次線的地線線